Patent Application
20240065091
This application is based on and claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0095043, filed on Jul. 29, 2022, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
One or more embodiments relate to an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the same, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emissive devices, which have improved characteristics in terms of viewing angles, response time, brightness, driving voltage, and response speed. In addition, OLEDs can produce full-color images.
In a typical example, an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer located between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer. A hole transport region may be located between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be located between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons may recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. The excitons may transition from an excited state to a ground state, thus generating light.
Provided are an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the same, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the detailed description that follows and, in part, will be apparent from the detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the presented exemplary embodiments.
According to an aspect, an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is provided:
M(L1)3 Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1,
wherein, in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2,
Another aspect provides an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer, and wherein the organic layer further includes at least one of the organometallic compounds.
The organometallic compound may be included in the emission layer, and the organometallic compound included in the emission layer may act as a dopant.
Another aspect provides an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain exemplary embodiments will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the FIGURE, which is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments.
Reference will now be made in further detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present exemplary embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the detailed descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are merely described in further detail, and by referring to the figure, to explain certain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing one or more exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.
Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.
An organometallic compound according to an aspect is represented by Formula 1:
M(L1)3 Formula 1
wherein M in Formula 1 is iridium.
In Formula 1, L1 is a ligand represented by Formula 2-1 or a ligand represented by Formula 2-2:
wherein Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 are each as described in further detail herein.
In one or more embodiments, L1 may be a ligand represented by Formula 2-1.
The three ligands L1 in Formula 1 may be identical to or different from each other. In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be a homoleptic complex.
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, Y1 is N.
In Formula 2-2, X11 is C(R11) or N, and X12 is C(R12) or N. For example, X11 may be C(R11), and X12 may be C(R12). R11 and R12 are as described herein.
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, X1 is O, S, or N-{(T1)b1-(Z1)c1}. For example, X1 may be N-{(T1)b1-(Z1)c1}.
T1 is a single bond, a C1-C20 alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, a C5-C30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
For example, T1 may be:
In one or more embodiments, T1 may be:
In one or more embodiments, T1 may be:
In the formula N-{(T1)b1-(Z1)c1}, b1 represents the number of T1 groups, and is an integer from 1 to 5. When b1 is 2 or greater, two or more T1 may be the same as or different from each other. For example, b1 may be 1, 2, or 3.
In the formula N-{(T1)b1-(Z1)c1}, c1 represents the number of Z1 groups, and is an integer from 0 to 20. When c1 is 2 or greater, two or more Z1 may be the same as or different from each other. For example, c1 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In one or more embodiments, X1 in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may be N-{(T1)b1-(Z1)c1}, and T1 may be a C1-C10 alkylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with R10a, a C5-C20 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with R10a, or a C1-C20 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with R10a.
A1 to A4 in Formula 2-1 and 2-2 are each independently C or N, provided that one of A1 to A4 is C bonded to an adjacent 5-membered ring, and another of A1 to A4 is a C bonded to M in Formula 1.
For example, in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2,
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, X2 is O, S, Se, Si(R29a)(R29b), or Ge(R29a)(R29b). For example, X2 may be O or S.
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, ring CY1 and ring CY2 are each independently a C5-C30 carbocyclic group or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group.
For example, ring CY1 and ring CY2 may each independently be i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring group in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, iv) a condensed ring group in which two or more second rings are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed ring group in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring,
In one or more embodiments, ring CY1 and ring CY2 may each independently be a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzofluorene group, a naphthobenzosilole group, a naphthobenzothiophene group, a naphthobenzofuran group, a naphthobenzoselenophene group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofluorene group, a dinaphthosilole group, a dinaphthothiophene group, a dinaphthofuran group, a dinaphthoselenophene group, a naphthocarbazole group, a naphthofluorene group, a phenanthrobenzosilole group, a phenanthrobenzothiophene group, a phenanthrobenzofuran group, a phenanthrobenzoselenophene group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluorene-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azabenzocarbazole group, an azabenzofluorene group, an azanaphthobenzosilole group, an azanaphthobenzothiophene group, an azanaphthobenzofuran group, an azanaphthobenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzocarbazole group, an azadibenzofluorene group, an azadinaphthosilole group, an azadinaphthothiophene group, an azadinaphthofuran group, an azadinaphthoselenophene group, an azanaphthocarbazole group, an azanaphthofluorene group, an azaphenanthrobenzosilole group, an azaphenanthrobenzothiophene group, an azaphenanthrobenzofuran group, an azaphenanthrobenzoselenophene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthridine group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a benzene group to which an adamantane group is condensed, a benzene group to which a norbornane group is condensed, a benzene group to which a norbornene group is condensed, a pyridine group to which an adamantane group is condensed, a pyridine group to which a norbornane group is condensed, or a pyridine group to which a norbornene group is condensed.
In one or more embodiments, ring CY1 may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthridine group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, or a benzoisoquinoline group.
In one or more embodiments, ring CY2 may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthridine group, a phenanthroline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a benzene group to which a cyclohexane group is condensed, a benzene group to which an adamantane group is condensed, a benzene group to which a norbornane group is condensed, a pyridine group to which a cyclohexane group is condensed, a pyridine group to which an adamantane group is condensed, a pyridine group to which a norbornane group is condensed, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentadiene group, a silole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a selenophene group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzoselenophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzoselenophene group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, or an azadibenzoselenophene group.
In one or more embodiments, ring CY1 may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, or a pyridine group, and ring CY2 may be a benzene group or a naphthalene group.
In one or more embodiments, ring CY1 and ring CY2 may each be a benzene group.
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, R1, R11, R12, R2, R29a, R29b, and Z1 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q1)(Q2), —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —B(Q6)(Q7), —P(═O)(Q8)(Q9), or —P(Q8)(Q9).
Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29, and Q31 to Q39 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
For example, R1, R11, R12, R2, R29a, R29b, and Z1 may each independently be:
In one or more embodiments, R1, R11, R12, R2, R29a, R29b, and Z1 may each independently be:
In one or more embodiments, R1, R11, R12, R2, R29a, R29b and Z1 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF5, —CH3, —CD3, —CD2H, —CDH2, —CF3, —CF2H, —CFH2, —OCH3, —OCDH2, —OCD2H, —OCD3, —SCH3, —SCDH2, —SCD2H, —SCD3, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-230, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-230 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-230 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-145, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-145 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-145 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-354, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-354 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-354 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), wherein Q3 to Q5 are as described herein:
In Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, 9-201 to 9-230, 10-1 to 10-145 and 10-201 to 10-354, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, “Ph” is a phenyl group, “TMS” is a trimethylsilyl group, and “TMG” is a trimethylgermyl group.
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-230 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 or 9-601 to 9-637:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-230 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-701 to 9-710:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-145 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-354 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-501 to 10-553:
The “group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-145 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-354 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-601 to 10-636:
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, a1 and a2 each indicates a number of R1 groups and R2 groups, respectively, and are each independently an integer from 0 to 20. When a1 is 2 or greater, two or more of R1 may be identical to or different from each other; when a2 is 2 or greater, two or more of R2 may be identical to or different from each other. For example, a1 and a2 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, a2 may not be 0, and R2 may not be hydrogen.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one of deuterium, a fluoro group, a deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group, a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, —Si(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), —Ge(Q3)(Q4)(Q5), or a combination thereof. Q3 to Q5 are each as described herein.
In one or more embodiments, X1 in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may be N-{(T1)b1-(Z1)c1}, and X1 may satisfy at least one of Condition A and Condition B, or X1 may satisfy Condition C:
Condition A
Condition B
Condition C
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may satisfy at least one of Condition 1 to Condition 3:
Condition 1
Condition 2
Condition 3
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, i) two or more of a plurality of R1 are optionally linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a; and ii) two or more of a plurality of R2 are optionally linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a. That is, i) two or more of a plurality of R1 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, and ii) two or more of a plurality of R2 may optionally be linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, R1 and R2 are optionally linked to each other to form a C5-C30 carbocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a, or a C1-C30 heterocyclic group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
R10a is as described in connection with R2. For example, R10a may be understood by referring to the description provided in connection with R2, and R10a may not be hydrogen.
In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, * and *′ each indicates a binding site to M in Formula 1.
At least one substituent of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is:
In one or more embodiments, the group represented by
in Formula 2-1 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-20:
wherein, in Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-20,
In one or more embodiments, a group represented by
in Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(6):
wherein, in Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(6),
In one or more embodiments, a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-20:
wherein, in Formulae CY2-1 to CY2-20,
In one or more embodiments, a group represented by
may be a group represented by one of Formulae CY2A to CY2D:
Regarding Formulae CY2A to CY2D,
In one or more embodiments, the group represented by
may be substituted with at least one R2,
may be substituted with at least one R1, which may be easily identified from Formulae 2-1 and 2-2 of the present application.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be at least one of Compounds 1 to 50:
The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be a homoleptic complex with three identical ligands. The ligands each may be a ligand represented by Formula 2-1 or a ligand represented by Formula 2-2 as described herein. In Formulae 2-1 and 2-2, i) a cyclic group including Y1 may be a 5-membered ring, and ii) X2 may be O, S, Se, Si(R29a)(R29b), or Ge(R29a)(R29b). Accordingly, the organometallic compound may emit a light with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). In addition, the organometallic compound is structurally strong, and thus, has excellent electrical and thermal stability. An electronic device, for example, a light-emitting device, including at least one of the organometallic compounds may have excellent lifespan characteristics while emitting a light having a relatively narrow FWHM.
A highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, a band gap, a singlet (S1) energy level, and a triplet (T1) energy level of some compounds of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 were calculated using a density functional theory (DFT) method of the Gaussian 09 program with the molecular structure optimized at the B3LYP level, and results thereof are shown in Table 1. The energy levels are expressed in electron volts (eV).
From Table 1, it was confirmed that the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 has such electric characteristics that are suitable for use as a dopant for an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device.
For example, the absolute value of the HOMO energy level of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be from about 4.600 eV to about 4.900 eV, for example, from about 4.659 eV to about 4.832 eV.
For example, the absolute value of LUMO energy level of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be from about 1.000 eV to about 1.400 eV, for example, from about 1.078 eV to about 1.286 eV.
For example, the S1 energy level of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be from about 2.700 eV to about 3.000 eV, for example, from about 2.879 eV to about 2.935 eV.
For example, the T1 energy level of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be from about 2.300 eV to about 2.700 eV, for example, from about 2.491 eV to about 2.551 eV.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may emit a red light or a green light, for example, a red light or a green light, each having a maximum luminescence wavelength of about 500 nm or greater, for example, from about 500 nm to about 850 nm or less. For example, the organometallic compound may emit a green light. In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may emit a light (for example, a green light) having a maximum emission wavelength from about 515 nm to about 550 nm, from about 520 nm to about 540 nm, or from about 520 nm to about 530 nm.
In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may emit a light (for example, a green light) with a FWHM from about 20 nm to about 65 nm, from about 30 nm to about 65 nm, from about 40 nm to about 65 nm, from about 50 nm to about 65 nm, or from about 60 nm to about 65 nm.
Synthesis methods of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 may be recognizable by one of ordinary skill in the art and by referring to Synthesis Examples provided herein.
Accordingly, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is suitable for use as a material for an organic layer of organic light-emitting device, for example, as a dopant in an emission layer of the organic layer. Thus, another aspect provides an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer, and wherein the organic layer further includes at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
The organic light-emitting device may have improved lifespan characteristics while emitting light having a relatively small or narrow FWHM by having an organic layer including at least one of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 as described herein.
At least one of the organometallic compounds of Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. For example, at least one of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer. In this regard, the at least one organometallic compound may act as a dopant, and the emission layer may further include a host (that is, an amount of the at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is less than an amount of the host, based on weight). In other words, in one or more embodiments, an amount of the host in the emission layer is greater than an amount of the at least one organometallic compound in the emission layer, based on weight.
The emission layer may emit a red light or a green light, for example, a red light or a green light having a maximum luminescence wavelength of about 500 nm or greater, for example, a maximum luminescence wavelength from about 500 nm to about 850 nm. For example, the organometallic compound may emit a green light. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer (or an organic light-emitting device) may emit a light (for example, a green light) having a maximum emission wavelength from about 515 nm to about 550 nm, from about 520 nm to about 540 nm, or from about 520 nm to about 530 nm. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer (or an organic light-emitting device) may emit a light (for example, a green light) with a FWHM from about 20 nm to about 65 nm, from about 30 nm to about 65 nm, from about 40 nm to about 65 nm, from about 50 nm to about 65 nm, or from about 60 nm to about 65 nm.
The expression “(an organic layer) includes at least one of organometallic compounds” used herein may include a case in which “(an organic layer) includes identical organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1” and a case in which “(an organic layer) includes two or more different organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1”.
For example, the organic layer may include, as the at least one organometallic compound, only Compound 1. In this embodiment, Compound 1 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, the organic layer may include, as the at least one organometallic compound, Compound 1 and Compound 2. In this regard, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may exist in an identical layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 all may exist in an emission layer).
The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode; or the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.
In one or more embodiments, in the organic light-emitting device, the first electrode may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may further include a hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region located between the emission layer and the second electrode, and the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron-blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a hole-blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.
The term “organic layer” as used herein refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers located between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. The “organic layer” may include, in addition to an organic compound, an organometallic complex including a metal.
The FIGURE is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to one or more embodiments. Hereinafter, the structure and manufacturing method of the organic light-emitting device 10 according to one or more embodiments will be described in further detail in connection with the FIGURE, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 11, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 19, which are sequentially stacked in this stated order.
A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or on the second electrode 19. The substrate may be a conventional substrate used in organic light-emitting devices, e.g., a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or water repellency.
The first electrode 11 may be produced by depositing or sputtering, onto the substrate, a material for forming the first electrode 11. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may include materials with a relatively high work function to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO). In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).
The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 11 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.
The organic layer 15 is located on the first electrode 11.
The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, or a combination thereof.
The hole transport region may be located between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.
The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron-blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof.
The hole transport region may include only either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may have a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron-blocking layer structure, wherein, for each structure, respective layers are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first electrode 11.
When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more suitable methods, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and/or Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition.
When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions may vary depending on a material that is used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the deposition conditions may include a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a vacuum pressure of about 10−8 torr to about 10−3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec.
When the hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the coating conditions may vary depending on a material for forming the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the coating conditions may include a coating speed in a range of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm and a heat treatment temperature from about 80° C. to about 200° C. for removing a solvent after coating.
The conditions for forming the hole transport layer and the electron-blocking layer may be similar to or the same as the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
The hole transport region may include at least one of 4,4′,4″-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris{N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino}-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), p-NPB, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (TPD), spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, 4,4′-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC), 4,4′-bis[N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201 below, a compound represented by Formula 202 below, or a combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In Formula 201, Ar101 and Ar102 may each independently be a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, or a pentacenylene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C60 alkyl group, a C2-C60 alkenyl group, a C2-C60 alkynyl group, a C1-C60 alkoxy group, a C1-C60 alkylthio group, a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C6-C60 aryl group, a C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, a C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, a C6-C60 aryloxy group, a C6-C60 arylthio group, a C1-C60 heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, a C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or a combination thereof.
In Formula 201, xa and xb may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, or 0, 1, or 2. For example, xa may be 1 and xb may be 0.
In Formulae 201 and 202, R101 to R108, R111 to R119 and R121 to R124 may each independently be:
In Formula 201, R10 may be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a pyridinyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C1-C20 alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyridinyl group, or a combination thereof.
In one embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
R101, R111, R112, and R109 in Formula 201A are each as described herein.
For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may include at least one of Compounds HT1 to HT20, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the hole transport region may be from about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 3,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be from about 100 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be from about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. Without withing to be bound to theory, when the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and/or the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.
The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, a cyano group-containing compound, or a combination thereof. For example, non-limiting examples of the p-dopant may include a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ), 1,3,4,5,7,8-hexafluorotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6-TCNNQ), or the like; a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide, a molybdenum oxide, or the like; or a cyano group-containing compound, such as Compound HT-D1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The hole transport region may include a buffer layer.
Also, the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, and thus, efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device may be improved.
Meanwhile, when the hole transport region includes an electron-blocking layer, a material for forming the electron-blocking layer may include a material that is used in the hole transport region as described herein, a host material described herein, or a combination thereof. For example, when the hole transport region includes an electron block layer, the material for forming the electron block layer may be mCP or H-H1, which will be described herein.
Then, an emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, or the like. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition or coating conditions may be similar to those applied in forming the hole injection layer, although the deposition or coating conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the emission layer.
The emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include at least one of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1.
The host may include at least one of 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN) (also referred to as “DNA”), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazole-9-yl)benzene (TCP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), Compound H50, Compound H51, Compound H52, Compound H-H1, Compound H-E43, or a combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
When the organic light-emitting device is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer. In one or more embodiments, due to a stacked structure including a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, the emission layer may emit a white light.
When the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, an amount (for example, by weight) of the dopant may be from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the host.
A thickness of the emission layer may be from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 200 Å to about 600 Å. Without wishing to be bound to theory, when the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
An electron transport region may be located on the emission layer.
The electron transport region may include a hole-blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.
For example, the electron transport region may have a hole-blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure or an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.
Conditions for forming the hole-blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer which constitute the electron transport region may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
When the electron transport region includes a hole-blocking layer, the hole-blocking layer may include, for example, at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum (BAlq), or a combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the hole-blocking layer may be from about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 30 Å to about 300 Å. Without wishing to be bound to theory, when the thickness of the hole-blocking layer is within these ranges, excellent hole-blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum (Alq3), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum (BAlq), 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), or a combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET25, or a combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
A thickness of the electron transport layer may be from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. Without wishing to be bound to theory, when the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transporting characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The electron transport layer may include a metal-containing material in addition to the material as described above.
The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (LiQ) or ET-D2, but embodiments are not limited thereto:
The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that promotes the flow of electrons from the second electrode 19 thereinto.
The electron injection layer may include at least one of LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li2O, BaO, or a combination thereof.
A thickness of the electron injection layer may be from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and, for example, from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. Without wishing to be bound to theory, when the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the ranges described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
The second electrode 19 is located on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode 19 may be metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function. Examples of the material for forming the second electrode 19 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (A1), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In one or more embodiments, to manufacture a top-emission type light-emitting device, a transmissive electrode formed using ITO or IZO may be used as the second electrode 19.
Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to the FIGURE, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
According to another aspect, the organic light-emitting device may be included in an electronic apparatus. Thus, an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device is also provided. The electronic apparatus may include, for example, a display, an illumination, a sensor, or the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
Another aspect provides a diagnostic composition including at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 provides a high luminescent efficiency. Accordingly, a diagnostic composition including at least one of the organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 may have a high diagnostic efficiency.
The diagnostic composition may be used in various applications, for example, including a diagnosis kit, a diagnosis reagent, a biosensor, a biomarker, or the like, but embodiments are not limited thereto.
The term “C1-C60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C1-C60 alkylene group, as used here refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C60 alkyl group.
Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60 alkyl group, the C1-C20 alkyl group, and/or the C1-C10 alkyl group may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, or the like, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, a tert-decyl group, or the like, or a combination thereof. For example, Formula 9-33 is a branched C6 alkyl group, for example, a tert-butyl group that is substituted with two methyl groups.
The term “C1-C60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA101 (wherein A101 is the C1-C60 alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, or the like.
The term “C2-C60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof may include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, or the like. The term “C2-C60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkenyl group.
The term “C2-C60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C2-C60 alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof may include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, or the like. The term “C2-C60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C2-C60 alkynyl group.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and the term “C3-C10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group.
Non-limiting examples of the C3-C10 cycloalkyl group may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group (or a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group), a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, or the like.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated cyclic group that includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s), and the term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group.
Non-limiting examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group may include a silolanyl group, a silinanyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl group, a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, or the like.
The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent cyclic group that includes 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and has no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, or the like. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group.
The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent cyclic group that includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s), and at least one double bond in the ring thereof and has no aromaticity. Non-limiting examples of the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group may include a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group, or the like. The term “C1-C10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C6-C60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C6-C60 aryl group may include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, or the like. When the C6-C60 aryl group and the C6-C60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C7-C60 alkyl aryl group” as used herein refers to a C6-C60 aryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group. The term “C7-C60 aryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C6-C60 aryl group.
The term “C1-C60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that includes a cyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s), and the term “C1-C60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group that includes a cyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s). Non-limiting examples of the C1-C60 heteroaryl group may include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, or the like. When the C1-C60 heteroaryl group and the C1-C60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
The term “C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 alkyl group. The term “C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C1-C60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C1-C60 heteroaryl group.
The term “C6-C60 aryloxy group” as used herein indicates —OA102 (wherein A102 indicates the C6-C60 aryl group), the term “C6-C60 arylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA103 (wherein A103 indicates the C6-C60 aryl group), and the term “C1-C60 alkylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA104 (wherein A104 indicates the C1-C60 alkyl group).
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having from about 8 to about 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group may include a fluorenyl group or the like. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group described above.
The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having from about 1 to about 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may include a carbazolyl group or the like. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group described above.
The term “C5-C30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only. The C5-C30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Non-limiting examples of the “C5-C30 carbocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a)” as used herein may include an adamantane group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane(norbornane) group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a fluorene group, or the like, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one RiOa.
The term “C1-C30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms as ring-forming atom(s). The C1-C30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. The “C1-C30 heterocyclic group (unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a)” may be, for example, a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, borole group, a phosphole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluoren-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, or the like, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R10a.
Non-limiting examples of the “C5-C30carbocyclic group” and “C1-C30 heterocyclic group” as used herein may include i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring group in which two or more first rings are condensed with each other, iv) a condensed ring group in which two or more second rings are condensed with each other, or v) a condensed ring group in which at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring,
The terms “fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group or the like)”, “fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group”, “fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group,” and “fluorinated phenyl group” respectively indicate a C1-C60 alkyl group (or a C1-C20 alkyl group or the like), a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one fluoro group (—F). For example, the term “fluorinated C1 alkyl group (that is, a fluorinated methyl group)” includes —CF3, —CF2H, and —CFH2. The “fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or, a fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like)”, “the fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group”, “the fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group”, or “the fluorinated a phenyl group” may be i) a fully fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or, a fully fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like), a fully fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a fully fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a fully fluorinated phenyl group, wherein, in each group, all hydrogen included therein is substituted with a fluoro group, or ii) a partially fluorinated C1-C60 alkyl group (or, a partially fluorinated C1-C20 alkyl group, or the like), a partially fluorinated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a partially fluorinated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or partially fluorinated phenyl group, wherein, in each group, all hydrogen included therein is not substituted with a fluoro group.
The terms “deuterated C1-C60 alkyl group (or a deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group or the like)”, “deuterated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group”, “deuterated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group,” and “deuterated phenyl group” respectively indicate a C1-C60 alkyl group (or a C1-C20 alkyl group or the like), a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, and a phenyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium. For example, the “deuterated C1 alkyl group (that is, the deuterated methyl group)” may include —CD3, —CD2H, and —CDH2, and examples of the “deuterated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” are, for example, Formula 10-501 or the like. The “deuterated C1-C60 alkyl group (or, the deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group or the like)”, “the deuterated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group”, “the deuterated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group”, or “the deuterated phenyl group” may be i) a fully deuterated C1-C60 alkyl group (or, a fully deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group or the like), a fully deuterated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a fully deuterated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a fully deuterated phenyl group, in which, in each group, all hydrogen included therein are substituted with deuterium, or ii) a partially deuterated C1-C60 alkyl group (or, a partially deuterated C1-C20 alkyl group or the like), a partially deuterated C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, a partially deuterated C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, or a partially deuterated phenyl group, in which, in each group, all hydrogen included therein are not substituted with deuterium.
The term “(C1-C20 alkyl) ‘X’ group” as used herein refers to a ‘X’ group that is substituted with at least one C1-C20 alkyl group. For example, the term “(C1-C20 alkyl)C3-C10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a C3-C10 cycloalkyl group substituted with at least one C1-C20 alkyl group, and the term “(C1-C20 alkyl)phenyl group” as used herein refers to a phenyl group substituted with at least one C1-C20 alkyl group. A non-limiting example of a (C1 alkyl) phenyl group may include a toluyl group or the like.
The terms “an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, and an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group” respectively refer to heterocyclic groups having the same backbones as “an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluoren-9-one group, and a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group,” in which, in each group, at least one carbon selected from ring-forming carbons is substituted with nitrogen.
At least one substituent of the substituted C1-C60 alkyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkenyl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkynyl group, the substituted C1-C60 alkoxy group, the substituted C1-C60 alkylthio group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C3-C10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C1-C10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C7-C60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C6-C60 aryloxy group, the substituted C6-C60 arylthio group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C2-C60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C1-C60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:
For example, Q1 to Q9, Q11 to Q19, Q21 to Q29 and Q31 to Q39 as described herein may each independently be:
Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to exemplary embodiments are described in further detail with reference to Synthesis Example and Examples. However, the organic light-emitting device is not limited thereto. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of A used was identical to an amount of B used, in terms of a molar equivalent.
50 milliliters (mL) of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 20 mL of deionized (DI) water were mixed with Compound 6-1(1) (5.00 g, 14.00 mmol), Compound 6-1(2) (3.56 g, 16.80 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(PPh3)4) (0.81 g, 0.70 mmol), and K2CO3 (5.80 g, 42.0 mmol), and then, the reaction content were stirred and heated under reflux for 18 hours. After the temperature was allowed to lower to room temperature, an organic layer was extracted using methylene chloride, and the organic layer was separated and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). The product was filtered and then the solvent was removed from the filtrate under a reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate(EA):Hexane=1:6, w/w) to obtain Compound 6-1 (4.3 g, yield of 68%).
Compound 6-1 (7.0 g, 15.81 mmol) and iridium chloride (2.68 g, 7.60 mmol) were mixed with 50 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 20 mL of DI water, and then, the resultant mixture was stirred and heated at reflux for 24 hours. The temperature was then allowed to lower to room temperature. The resulting solid was separated by filtration and then washed thoroughly using DI water, methanol, and hexane, in the stated order. The obtained solid was dried in a vacuum oven to obtain Compound 6-2 (6.35 g, yield of 75%).
Compound 6-2 (5.8 g, 2.60 mmol) was mixed with 90 mL of methylene chloride (MC), and then silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (AgOTf) (1.4 g, 5.46 mmol) dissolved in 30 mL of methanol was added thereto. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours while light was blocked with aluminum foil, and then the resulting solid was removed by celite filtration, and the solvent was removed from the filtrate under a reduced pressure to obtain a solid (Compound 6-3). The obtained solid was used in the next reaction step without an additional purification process.
Compound 6-3 (6.45 g, 5.0 mmol) and Compound 6-1 (2.22 g, 5.0 mmol) were mixed with 80 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol and 80 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, and then, the reaction mixture was stirred and heated under reflux at 120° C. for 24 hours. Then the temperature was allowed to lower to room temperature. The solvent was removed under a reduced pressure, and then, the product was purified by column chromatography using EA/hexane (1:8, w/w) to obtain Compound 6 (5.3 g, yield of 70%). Compound 6 was identified by high resolution mass spectrometry using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (HRMS (MALDI)).
HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C93H81IrN6O3: m/z: 1523.6033, found: 1523.4889.
Compound 12-1 (4.05 g, yield of 65%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to synthesize Compound 6-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 12-1(2) (5.24 g, 16.80 mmol) was used instead of Compound 6-1(2).
Compound 12-1 (1.96 g, 4.24 mmol) and bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) tetrafluoroborate (Ir(COD)2BF4) (0.6 g, 1.21 mmol) were dissolved in 20 mL of 2-ethoxyethanol, and then the reaction mixture was stirred and heated at 160° C. for 24 hours. The reaction temperature was then allowed to lower to room temperature. A solid was obtained by filtration and then dried. The product was purified by column chromatography using EA:hexane (1:7, w/w/) to obtain Compound 12 (0.85 g, yield of 45%).
HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C93H78F3IrN6O3: m/z: 1576.5717, found: 1576.9442.
Compound 10-1 (4.93 g, yield of 66%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to synthesize Compound 6-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 10-1(1) (7.28 g, 16.80 mmol) was used instead of Compound 6-1(1).
Compound 10 (0.95 g, yield of 45%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to prepare Compound 12 in Synthesis Example 2, except that Compound 10-1 (2.21 g, 4.24 mmol) was used instead of Compound 12-1.
Compound 9-1 (yield of 62%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 9-1(1) was used instead of Compound 6-1(1).
Compound 9-2 (yield of 72%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 9-1 was used instead of Compound 6-1.
Compound 9-3 was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-3 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 9-2 was used instead of Compound 6-2.
Compound 9 (yield of 68%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compounds 9-3 and 9-1 were respectively used instead of Compounds 6-3 and 6-1.
HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C102H105IrN6O3Si3: m/z: 1739.7219, found: 1740.0718.
Compound 8-1 (yield of 64%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 8-1(1) was used instead of Compound 6-1(1).
Compound 8-2 (yield of 75%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 8-1 was used instead of Compound 6-1.
Compound 8-3 was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-3 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 8-2 was used instead of Compound 6-2.
Compound 8 (yield of 65%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compounds 8-3 and 8-1 were respectively used instead of Compounds 6-3 and 6-1.
HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C102H103IrN6O3: m/z: 1652.7721, found: 1653.0124.
Compound 23-1 (yield of 58%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 23-1(1) was used instead of Compound 6-1(1).
Compound 23-2 (yield of 69%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 23-1 was used instead of Compound 6-1.
Compound 23-3 was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6-3 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compound 23-2 was used instead of Compound 6-2.
Compound 23 (yield of 55%) was obtained in a similar manner as was used to obtain Compound 6 of Synthesis Example 1, except that Compounds 23-3 and 23-1 were respectively used instead of Compounds 6-3 and 6-1.
HRMS (MALDI) calculated for C96H91IrN6O3: m/z: 1568.6782, found: 1568.9568.
As an anode, a glass substrate with ITO/Ag/ITO deposited thereon to a thickness of 70/1000/70 Å was cut to a size of 50 millimeters (mm)×50 mm×0.5 mm, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and DI water each for 5 minutes, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes each. Then, the resultant glass substrate was loaded onto a vacuum deposition apparatus.
Compound HT3 and F6-TCNNQ were co-deposited by vacuum on the anode at the weight ratio of 98:2 to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and Compound HT3 was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1350 Å, and then, Compound H—H1 was deposited on the hole transport layer to form an electron-blocking layer having a thickness of 300 Å.
Then, Compound H—H1, Compound H-E43, and Compound 6 were co-deposited on the electron-blocking layer at a weight ratio of 57:38:5 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.
Then, Compounds ET3 and ET-D1 were co-deposited on the emission layer at a 50:50 volume ratio to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 350 Å, and LiF was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 1 nm. On the electron injection layer, Mg and Ag were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 90:10 to form a cathode having a thickness of 120 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.
Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in a similar manner as was used in Example 1, except that the compounds shown in Table 2 were used instead of Compound 6 as a dopant in the formation of an emission layer.
For each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples A to C, the lifetime (LT97, relative %) at the target color coordinate CIEx=0.245, the maximum emission wavelength (nm), and FWHM (nm) of emission peaks of the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum were evaluated, and results thereof are shown in Table 2. Current-voltmeter (Keithley 2400) and luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A) were used as evaluation devices, and lifespan (LT97) (at 15,000 candela per square meter, cd/m2) was evaluated as time (hr) to achieve 97% of luminance compared to 100% of initial luminance.
It was confirmed from Table 2 that each of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 has excellent lifespan characteristics while emitting a green light with a relatively narrow FWHM, compared to the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples A to C.
Since the organometallic compound has excellent thermal stability and/or electric characteristics, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, including at least one of the organometallic compounds may have an improved lifespan characteristic, and a high-quality electronic device can be manufactured using the organic light emitting device.
It should be understood that exemplary embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each exemplary embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other exemplary embodiments. While one or more exemplary embodiments have been described with reference to the figure, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2022-0095043 | Jul 2022 | KR | national |
