Ornamental light display

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6210022
  • Patent Number
    6,210,022
  • Date Filed
    Friday, April 16, 1999
    25 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, April 3, 2001
    23 years ago
  • Inventors
  • Examiners
    • O'Shea; Sandra
    • Lee; Guiyoung
    Agents
    • Krieg DeVault Lundy, LLP
Abstract
A new and improved lighting display comprising a base having an upwardly facing top surface. The top surface is reflective and has a plurality of spaced apart apertures therein. A light is positioned in each of the apertures such that a light beam from each light shines upwardly away from the reflective top surface. A frame is supported on the base and extends over the apertures. Ornaments are hung from the frame over each of the apertures whereby the light beams may be dispersed by the ornaments during use. In specific embodiments of the invention, light displays for use in motor vehicles as supplemental stop lights and turn signal lights is provided. In other specific embodiments, an ornamental light display is provided for decorative purposes.
Description




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION




The present invention relates to an ornamental light display and more particularly to such a display that can be utilized in the rear window of a motor vehicle or on the mantle of a fireplace or other prominent locations in a home or other building for both aesthetic and functional uses.




Ornamental light displays have fascinated some ever since Edison invented the light bulb. Since Edison invented the light bulb a number of different lights have been provided, different light circuitries have been provided in motor vehicles have become common place, and electricity has been used throughout our society. It is therefore highly desirable to provide a new and improved ornamental light display incorporating up-to-date technology.




Additionally, both houses and commercial building have been fully wired such that electrical aesthetic light displays may be utilized for decorative purposes in most all buildings. Decorative light displays add a feature over all other decorative articles inasmuch as their appearance may change dramatically from daylight to night time use and through the use of flashers, lenses, filters, and ornaments and the like may provide a myriad of appearances aesthetically pleasing to nearly all persons. It is therefore highly desirable to provide a new and improved light display which is aesthetically pleasing in both day time use and night time use. It is also highly desirable to provide such an ornament display which can be useful to house clocks, worship centers, or other appliances or to provide occasional lighting for other functions, as desired.




Motor vehicles have also increased in use to the extent that many families have more than one motor vehicle. All motor vehicles are now mandated by Federal and state law to have an electrical system which includes head lights, turn lights, parking lights, brake lights, interior lights, and the like. This lighting system is run by a battery charged by a generator run by the motor vehicle engine. Thus the lighting system can function when the motor vehicle is both functioning and not functioning. Federal and state now mandate that all motor vehicles have stop lights, brake lights, turn signals and they must be suitably positioned at the rear of the vehicle and sized as prescribed. Many persons wish to provide supplement turn signal and brake light indicia through ornamental design to customize their motor vehicle. It is therefore highly desirable to provide a new and improved display that can be operatively connected to the lighting system of a motor vehicle to customize the vehicle. It is also highly desirable to provide a new and improved light display having at least three (3) ornamental lights, one connected operatively to the left hand turn signal, one connected operatively to the right hand turn signal, and one operatively connected to the brake light. It is also highly desirable to provide a new and improved light display for motor vehicles which is aesthetically pleasing to the eye and can be used to customize a motor vehicle both in the day time and in the night time. It is also highly desirable to provide a new and improved light display of the type described for a motor vehicle which can be operated with or without other lights of the vehicle lighting system.




Most recently, lights have evolved in many ways. Various persons have been highly interested in the variable intensity of lights, the various combination of monochromatic lighting, the development of lasers, and various combinations of these technologies. It is therefore highly desirable to provide a new and improved light display which may encompass monochromatic, various combinations of monochromatic and laser lighting systems.




Still others have been highly interested in the way light is dispersed by reflective and refractive devices. Both artists and physicists have been long utilizing prismatic and reflective devices to disperse, bend and transform light sources into a variety of end uses. Particularly significant is the dispersion of lights by crystals. Almost everyone has been enthralled by the dispersion of sunlight on a diamond ring, for example. It is therefore highly desirable to provide a new and improved light display which utilizes reflective and refractive means for enhancing the display. It is also highly desirable to provide a new and improved light display using multifaceted crystalline ornaments for dispersing light.




Finally, it is highly desirable to provide a new and improved lighting display which encompasses all of the above features.




SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION




It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a new and improved ornamental light display incorporating up-to-date technology.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved light display which is aesthetically pleasing in both day time use and night time use.




It is also an object of the invention to provide such an ornament display which can be useful to house clocks, worship centers, or other appliances or to provide occasional lighting for other functions, as desired.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved display that can be operatively connected to the lighting system of a motor vehicle to customize the vehicle.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved light display having at least three (3) ornamental lights, one connected operatively to the left hand turn signal, one connected operatively to the right hand turn signal, and one operatively connected to the brake light.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved light display for motor vehicles which is aesthetically pleasing to the eye and can be used to customize a motor vehicle both in the day time and in the night time.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved light display of the type described for a motor vehicle which can be operated with or without other lights of the vehicle lighting system.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved light display which may encompass monochromatic, various combinations of monochromatic and laser lighting systems.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved light display which utilizes reflective and refractive means for enhancing the display.




It is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved light display using multifaceted crystalline ornaments for dispersing light.




Finally, it is also an object of the invention to provide a new and improved lighting display which encompasses all of the above features.




In the broader aspects of this invention, there is provided a new and improved lighting display comprising a base having an upwardly facing top surface. The top surface is reflective and has a plurality of spaced apart apertures therein. A light is positioned in each of the apertures such that a light beam from each light shines upwardly away from the reflective top surface. A frame is supported on the base and extends over the apertures. Ornaments are hung from the frame over each of the apertures whereby the light beams may be dispersed by the ornaments during use.




In specific embodiments of the invention, light displays for use in motor vehicles as supplemental stop lights and turn signal lights is provided. In other specific embodiments, an ornamental light display is provided for decorative purposes.











BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS




The above-mentioned and other features and objects of the invention and the manner of attaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:





FIG. 1

is a perspective view showing the front end and top and one side of the ornamental light display of the invention including three spaced apart lights and suspended crystal ornaments;





FIG. 2

is a planar end view of the ornamental light display of

FIG. 1

;





FIG. 3

is a planar side view of the ornamental light display of

FIG. 1

;





FIG. 4

is a planar top view of the ornamental light display of

FIG. 1

;





FIG. 5

is a perspective view showing the front end and top and one side view of a modified version of the ornamental display of the invention which has an enclosed frame supported on the base over the apertures;





FIG. 6

is a planar end view of the light display of the invention shown in

FIG. 5

;





FIG. 7

is a planar top view of the light display of the invention shown in

FIG. 5

;





FIG. 8

is a planar side view of the light display of the invention shown in

FIG. 5

;





FIG. 9

is a planar bottom view of the light display as shown in

FIG. 5

;





FIG. 10

is a fragmentary rear view of the light display shown in

FIG. 5

with the gable side removed showing the interior of the enclosure;





FIG. 11

is a planar bottom view of the enclosure of modified version of the ornamental display of the invention illustrated in

FIG. 5

;





FIG. 12

is a schematic view of the electrical circuitry of the light display of the invention shown in

FIGS. 1-4

; and





FIG. 13

is a schematic view of the electrical circuitry associated with the modified version of the light display of the invention shown in

FIGS. 5-11

.











DESCRIPTION OF A SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT




Referring to

FIGS. 1-4

and


12


, there is shown the new and improved display


8


of the invention to include a base


10


having an upwardly facing top surface


12


opposite ends


14


,


16


, front side


18


, a rear side


20


and a bottom


22


.




Top surface


12


has a plurality of spaced apart apertures


24


therein. In each of the apertures


24


there is positioned a light


26


having a directional beam


28


extending upwardly and outwardly away from the top


12


. In a specific embodiment these beams


28


extend upwardly in a generally perpendicular direction. Supported on the base


10


is a frame


30


. Frame


30


is shown to have two generally vertically extending elements


32


which are secured to the top surface


12


of the base


10


between the three apertures


24


illustrated. These beams


32


have opposite ends


34


,


36


and are of generally the same length. End


34


is secured to top surface


12


of the base


10


and end


36


is shown to be spaced apart at the same elevation over the apertures


24


. A horizontal frame beam


38


is provided so as to extend over the apertures


24


. Beam


38


is secured to end


36


of beams


32


. Beam


38


also has opposite ends


40


,


42


. Ends


40


,


42


extend beyond beams


32


, but are still positioned over top


12


. Thus, beam


38


is shorter than the length of top


12


between opposite ends


14


,


16


. Similarly, as shown, beams


32


have length which is greater than the height of base


10


between bottom


22


and top


12


.




In specific embodiments, base


10


may take a variety of other shapes including a base


10


which is square rather than rectangular, circular, elliptical or any other geometric shape as a length through its center from opposite peripheries longer than the frame


30


.




In a specific embodiment, beams


32


,


38


may be of any cross sectional shape, have a length of thickness ratio of below 1 to 12 and have an aesthetic exterior design. In specific embodiments, lights


26


may be monochromatic, incandescent lights, candle flames, lasers, or any other light source or combinations thereof. In specific embodiments, apertures


24


may have light filters therein to alter the light beam in any known way, including changing white light to monochromatic light, diffusing light, concentrating light or including lenses for focusing the light of light beams


28


or combinations thereof.




Each of the lights


26


is operatively connected to a connector


44


through a step down transformer


46


. The connector


44


may consist of a group of conventional connectors. If the light display of the invention is used in a motor vehicle, connector


44


is attached to the electrical system of the vehicle. In these days, most all motor vehicles have a 12 volt electrical system. Transformer


46


thus would be a step down transformer from 12 volts to the voltage of light


26


. Lasers for example operate from 4.5 volts and thus, in the version where lasers are used in an automotive system, transformer


46


would be a 12 volt to a 4.5 volt step down transformer. Similarly, in a motor vehicle where the lights


26


are connected to the brake lights and turn directional lights, connector


44


would be connected to the brake light circuit and the respective right and left turn directional light circuits as desired.




In a specific embodiment in which the display


8


is not utilized in a motor vehicle, connector


44


becomes the connector to either 120 volt or a 240 volt line voltage of the power source, and transformer


46


becomes a step down transformer from the line voltage to the voltage at which the lamps


26


function.




Hanging from the horizontal beam


38


of the frame


30


are a plurality of ornaments


48


. Ornaments


48


are hung from horizontal element


38


over the apertures


24


respectively by an element


50


as shown. In specific embodiments, ornaments


48


are positioned within the light beam


28


, are hung by cords


50


which are rigid or flexible and chosen from the group of filaments existing of rods, wires, cords, thread, rope, cable, chains, flexible or rigid. Ornaments


48


in specific embodiments may also be of a variety of different ornaments. They may be artistically aesthetic such as Christmas tree ornaments, they may be reflective ornaments, they may be refractive ornaments, they may be multi-faceted reflective and/or refractive ornaments, they may be crystalline ornaments like diamond, zircons, and glass crystals with both multi-faceted reflective faces and refractive faces and may vary in size. In

FIGS. 1 through 3

as shown ornaments


48


are three in number with the centrally located ornament


48


being substantially larger than the other two ornaments


48


. Depending upon the filament


50


these ornaments may be fixed in position or capable of swinging movement about an at rest position as shown. In other specific embodiments as will be mentioned hereinafter, the ornaments may be rotated as desired about the longitudinal axis of the filaments


50


.




Referring to

FIGS. 5 through 11

and


13


, there is shown a modified version


52


of the new and improved light display of the invention in which like reference numerals are utilized to indicate like elements.




This modified version


52


includes a base


10


having a top


12


and front


18


, rear


20


and bottom


22


surfaces and a plurality of apertures


24


in the top surface


12


. The base also includes lights


26


having beams


28


extending upwardly from the top


12


of the base


10


and a frame


30


extending over the apertures.




Frame


30


however, is distinctly different from the frame


30


illustrated in

FIGS. 1 through 4

. Frame


30


in this version partially encloses light beams


28


by having upstanding sides


54


secured to the top


12


outward of the apertures


24


and extending laterally across essentially the entire width of base


10


. These sides


54


are shown to extend upwardly of the base


10


a distance similar to beams


32


. An enclosure


56


is supported by upstanding sides


54


. Enclosure


56


is illustrated as having a bottom


58


and a peek roof-like top


60


secured to the bottom at their longitudinal peripheries


62


. The enclosure


56


is enclosed by opposite gable ends


64


.




In specific embodiments, enclosure


56


may take a variety of other shapes including rectangular box shapes in which the length of the box extends beyond the walls


50


or between the walls


50


and is aligned with longitudinal axis of base


10


or extending transversely of the longitudinal axis


10


, other cylindrical shape, parallelogram shapes, or triangular or frusto triangular shapes, of sizes extending between upstanding walls or sides


54


or extending beyond sides


54


as is desired. In a specific embodiment, one such cylindrical shape would have circular cross-sections extending in planes generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of base


10


. In another specific embodiment, enclosure


56


is a sphere supported by sides


54


.




In specific embodiments, sides


54


and the exterior surfaces of enclosure


56


and base


10


may take a variety of esthetic forms. In one specific enclosure, the exterior of sides


54


are mirrored as is the top


12


, sides


18


,


20


and sides


14


,


16


of base


10


and the exterior sides of enclosure


56


are mirrored with the exception of the gable ends


64


which are surfaced differently. In a specific embodiment, the gable ends


64


are opaque in nature and illuminated from within enclosure


56


. In specific embodiments, gable ends


64


may be of stained glass, leaded construction or may be like esthetically pleasing to the eye sheets of material. In specific embodiments, a decorative clock may be positioned in the center of one of the gable ends


64


or a service club, or fraternal organization indicia or religious indicia, or any other significantly meaningful indicia may be positioned on one of the gable ends


64


in place of the decorative clock.




Enclosed within enclosure


56


is a light


66


and a plurality of motors


68


within which to rotate the ornaments


48


. Referring to

FIG. 13

, the contents of the base


10


and the enclosure


56


will now be described. Enclosed within enclosure


56


is a light


66


and a plurality of motors


68


and a step-down transformer


70


. Motors


68


are mounted over each of the apertures


24


and are provided in the same number as the apertures


24


. Each of the motors


68


have a motor shaft


71


from which each of the ornaments


48


are hung. The motors


68


when engaged rotate the ornaments


48


in a slow rotation about the vertical axis which is extending upwardly from the apertures


48


coexistent with the axis of the motor shafts. Each of the motors


68


rotate the crystal from which the crystal depending therefrom. In a specific embodiment, the motors rotate each crystal one rotation per minute. Motors


68


are operatively connected to the transformer


70


and to the power source


72


which is contemplated to be either a battery power source or conventional 110 volt or 220 volt alternating currant line source. In a specific embodiment, transformer


70


is in all respects similar to transformer


46


and is a step-down transformer from 110 volt power source to 12 volts from which the lights and the motors operate.




Referring to

FIG. 13

, the contents of base


10


and enclosure


56


will now be described with reference to the electrical schematic showing the interconnections between the various elements of the invention. Tracing the circuitry from the power source


72


is a power line


76


which extends through the sensor


74


to the transformers


46


and


70


and to the light


66


in the enclosure


56


. If a clock


78


is attached to the enclosure, clock


78


as shown by the alternate dash lines is connected directly across the line voltage


72


, or in parallel to the motors


68


depending upon the line voltage required by the clock


78


. If the clock


78


is driven by


115


alternating currant voltage, the clock is positioned as shown at the middle of FIG.


13


. If the clock


78


is driven by a lower voltage, clock


78


is positioned parallel to the motors


68


as shown in the middle of FIG.


13


. Motors


68


are shown connected in series to the transformer


74


and in parallel to the lights


26


which are connected in series with the transformer


46


. Also connected in parallel with the motors


68


and the lights


26


is the light


66


. All are connected in series with the motion sensor


74


when used. In a specific embodiment, the motion sensor


74


is eliminated so that the lights


66


, the lasers


26


and the motors


68


and the clock


78


are engaged at all times.




Each of the parallel circuits are then returned to the source


72


by line


80


.




In operation, the ornamental light display of

FIGS. 1-4

provides an aesthetically pleasing ornamental display. Whenever the display is connected to a power source, the lights


26


are illuminated shining their beams


28


vertically upwardly and generally perpendicularly to the top


12


of the base


10


so as to impact upon the ornaments


48


hung immediately above each of the apertures


24


so as to position the ornaments


48


within the beams


28


, respectively. The beams


28


are reflected and refracted by the ornaments


48


and the ornaments


48


are illuminated in a aesthetically pleasing manner such that the reflected and refracted light also is reflected by the surrounding mirrored surfaces. In a specific embodiment, top surface


12


, end surfaces


14


,


16


, side surface


18


and


20


all have mirrors superimposed thereon such that reflected and refracted light from the ornaments


48


reflect from these base


10


surfaces causing an aesthetically pleasing light display.




Whenever the light display is utilized in the back window of a motor vehicle and connected to the electrical system of the motor vehicle, the lights


26


are illuminated as controlled by the electrical circuitry of the motor vehicle. As above described, when viewing

FIG. 1

, the central light


24


is illuminated whenever the brake lights are lit. The two lights


24


spaced apart by a central light


24


are respectively connected to the left turn signal and the right turn signal light and are illuminated whenever the left turn signal and right turn signal lights are illuminated, respectively. These lights


24


flash as do the tail lights when the turn signals are engaged, and the ornaments


48


swing within the beams


28


of the respective lights as the vehicle swings on its vehicular suspension.




The modified version of the ornamental display of the invention illustrated in

FIGS. 5 through 11

function similarly. Similar to the light display illustrated in

FIGS. 1 through 4

, lights


24


are illuminated whenever power is supplied to them causing beams


28


to be directed upwardly at the ornaments


48


which are positioned within the beams. The ornaments


48


refract and reflect the light on them and the ornaments


48


are illuminated by the beams


28


. In a specific embodiment, all of the surfaces of elements


46


,


50


and


10


have mirrors superimposed thereon. The light refracted and reflected from the ornaments are reflected by the mirrored surfaces of the enclosure


46


, the elements


50


and the base


10


. Beams


28


, as in the embodiments of

FIGS. 1 through 4

above-described, may be varied considerably by whatever filters or lenses are positioned in apertures


24


. The variation that can be accomplished by lenses and filters within the apertures


24


are too varied to list here but are well known to those skilled in the art. All known filters and lenses known to the art are contemplated in this invention.




Whenever connected to the power source


72


, motors


68


are engaged to rotate the ornaments


48


within the beams


28


. Whenever connected to the power source


72


, lights


66


illuminate the interior of the enclosure


56


such that any transparent or translucent portion of the enclosure


68


is illuminated for viewing. In a specific embodiment, the sides


64


of the enclosure


58


are illuminated so as to aesthetically present an organizational indicia or a religious symbol or the like. As with the embodiment above in specific embodiments, any of the lights can be flashed instead of steadily illuminated if desired. Further, as described with regard to

FIG. 13

alternatively, the power source


72


may be connected to motors


68


, lights


26


and lights


66


through a motion sensor


74


if desired.




As can be imagined a person skilled in the art of ornamental light displays, each of the lights


24


, each of the motors


68


, and the light


66


can be alternatively isolated from the circuit shown in FIG.


13


and/or combined with one or more of the elements shown in

FIG. 13

to produce a myriad of aesthetically pleasing different designs. Examples of these displays include rotating the outer two ornaments


48


by motors


66


and maintaining the centrally located ornament


48


stationary, flashing the centrally located light


24


and maintaining the outwardly positioned lights


24


steadily illuminated, flashing light


66


to illuminate the enclosure


56


, and any and all combinations or alterations thereof in either the base


10


or the enclosure


56


, in either the light display illustrated in

FIGS. 1 through 4

or the light display illustrated in

FIGS. 5 through 11

.




The present invention provides a new and improved ornamental light display incorporating up to date technology which is aesthetically pleasing both during the day and during the night which may take the form of house clocks, worship centers, appliances or occasional lighting as desired. The new and improved light displays of the invention can be operatively connected to the lighting system of a motor vehicle, to serve as auxiliary break light and turn signal lights so as to customize one's motor vehicle, and to provide new and improved light displays utilizing both laser lighting, monochromatic lighting or multicolored lighting as desired. The new and improved invention utilizes both reflective and refractive lighting and aesthetically pleasing illuminated ornaments which may be rotated or otherwise moved within the beams of light to be reflected by adjacent mirrored surfaces or otherwise dispersed to produce the myriad of aesthetically pleasing effects of the displays of the invention.




While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described herein for purposes of illustration, the protection afforded by any patent which may issue upon this application is not strictly limited to the disclosed embodiment; but rather extends to all structures and arrangements which fall fairly within the scope of the claims which are appended hereto.



Claims
  • 1. A display comprising a base of opaque material having a top upwardly facing surface, said base having a plurality of spaced apart apertures therein, a light in each of said apertures, each of said lights having a beam shining upwardly, an opaque frame supported on said base and extending over said apertures, said frame having light reflective surfaces thereon, said reflective surfaces extending generally vertically upwardly from said top upwardly facing surface of said base and generally spaced apart in parallel to said upwardly facing surface of said base over said apertures, an ornament hanging from said frame over each of said apertures between said reflective surfaces and said top upwardly facing surface of said base, whereby said light beams are dispersed by said ornaments and said light reflective surfaces.
  • 2. The display of claim 1 wherein said top surface is light reflective.
  • 3. The display of claim 1 wherein said base is light reflective.
  • 4. The display of claim 1 wherein said apertures are covered with light filters.
  • 5. The display of claim 1 wherein said apertures have lenses therein, said lenses focusing said light beams.
  • 6. The display of claim 1 wherein said lights are lasers.
  • 7. The display of claim 1 wherein said lights are chosen from the group of lights consisting of lasers, incandescent light bulbs, candles, electric arcs, and combinations thereof.
  • 8. The display of claim 7 wherein said lights are monochromatic.
  • 9. The display of claim 1 wherein said ornaments are multifaceted.
  • 10. The display of claim 1 wherein said top surface is light reflective, said lights beams being dispersed by said light reflective surfaces.
  • 11. The display of claim 1 wherein said ornaments are multifaceted crystals.
  • 12. The display of claim 1 wherein said lights are operatively connected to a vehicle light system.
  • 13. The display of claim 12 wherein said lights being three in number arranged in a row with a left light and a right light and a middle light, said left light is operatively connected to a left turn light signal, said right light is operatively connected to a right turn light signal, said middle light is operatively connected to a brake light signal.
  • 14. The display of claim 1 wherein said lights are electric lights, said lights being operative at 4.5 volts.
  • 15. The display of claim 1 further comprising a step down transformer, a switch and a light flasher, said switch and light flasher and step down transformer are operatively connected between said lights and a voltage source.
  • 16. The display of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of spaced apart motors in said frame, each of said motors having a motor shaft, said ornaments being hung from said motor shaft, whereby each of said ornaments may be caused to rotate.
  • 17. The display of claim 16 wherein each of said ornaments rotate about one rotation per minute when said lights are shining.
  • 18. The display of claim 15 wherein said transformer is a 110 volt to a 4.5 volt step down transformer.
  • 19. The display of claim 1 further comprising a motion sensor operatively connected to said lights.
  • 20. The display of claim 19 wherein said motion sensor upon detection of motion turns said lights on for a predetermined period of time.
  • 21. The display of claim 20 wherein said predetermined period of time is greater than 4 minutes.
  • 22. The display of claim 1 wherein said frame is essentially an element extending over said apertures, said element being supported at its opposite ends.
  • 23. The display of claim 1 wherein said frame includes an enclosure extending over said base, said enclosure having a bottom overlying said apertures, said enclosure having opposite upstanding sides, said enclosure having an appliance therein, said appliance having a face on one of said sides.
  • 24. The display of claim 23 wherein said appliance is a clock.
  • 25. The display of claim 23 wherein said enclosure sides are in part mirrored.
  • 26. The display of claim 23 wherein said enclosure sides are chosen from the group of panels consisting of light reflective panels, transparent panels, translucent panels, colored transparent panels, colored translucent panels, stained glass panels, window panels, opaque panels, panels having organizational indicia thereon, wholly or partially in combinations thereof.
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1904901 Lawrence Apr 1933
4250537 Roegner et al. Feb 1981
4345395 Grassi Aug 1982
4854214 Lowe Aug 1989
4972305 Blackburn Nov 1990
4978948 Samen Dec 1990
5117338 McCrary May 1992
5555658 Yu Sep 1996