Orthopedic cast or splint

Abstract

An orthopedic cast or splint is provided from a unitary, preformed sleeve of flexible material. At least a portion of the sleeve is impregnated with a hardenable material. The preformed sleeve has at least one circumferentially enclosed opening for receiving and conforming to a selected body portion of a human or animal. The impregnated portion of the sleeve has sufficient structural rigidity upon hardening of the hardenable material so that the impregnated portion is capable of substantially immobilizing the body portion when the sleeve is positioned thereon.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The invention relates generally to orthotics.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Conventional orthopedic casts are typically formed from long tapes or bandages of gauze material that have been impregnated with a plaster material. The lengths of plaster impregnated gauze are usually provided on rolls that may be dipped in water to activate the plaster, unrolled and wrapped around an affected body part or limb to form a cast shell. Forming the cast is usually a very time consuming and involved process. This typically involves first positioning a liner or stockinette over the area to be covered by the impregnated gauze material. Padding material, such as cotton, may be positioned over the liner prior to application of the impregnated gauze. The padding material serves as a spacing element to facilitate removal of the cast shell. Forming the shell of the cast is achieved by winding the lengths of impregnated tape circumferentially around the limb or body part. The tape or gauze is gradually layered and overlapped until the desired area of coverage and shell thickness is achieved. The winding of the impregnated gauze may be an intricate process, particular when forming spicas or where intricate tape crossings are necessary.

[0004] While conventional casts have been used for many years, they have many disadvantages and shortcomings. As already discussed, forming the cast is a time consuming, highly involved and intricate process. Conventional casts are usually heavy, bulky and cumbersome to wear. The padding underlying the shell is prone to absorbing and retaining moisture so that care must be used to prevent the cast from getting wet. The casts often lack X-ray transparency, making removal of the cast necessary for X-ray photography and monitoring of healing progress. Removal of the cast can be difficult, requiring the need for saws or specialized cast cutting equipment. Additionally, the padding material must be included as an element of the cast to protect the user from injury during sawing and removal. Sawing also creates undesirable dust and debris.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, in which:

[0006] FIG. 1 illustrates a cast for an arm constructed in accordance with the invention;

[0007] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the cast of FIG. 1;

[0008] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an impregnated sleeve of the cast of FIG. 1, shown as the sleeve is positioned on the arm of a wearer;

[0009] FIG. 4 shows a thumb “spica” splint constructed in accordance with the invention;

[0010] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the splint of FIG. 4;

[0011] FIG. 6 shows a radial gutter splint constructed in accordance with the invention;

[0012] FIG. 7 shows an ulna gutter cast constructed in accordance with the invention;

[0013] FIG. 8 shows a leg cast constructed in accordance with the invention; and

[0014] FIG. 9 shows the construction of a ulna gutter cast in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Referring to FIG. 1, an orthopedic long arm cast 10 is shown. Although the cast 10 is shown as being that for an arm and wrist 12 of an adult human, casts or splints as described herein may be used for other body parts, as well. As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the term “human” may encompass adults, children, infants, newborns, etc. without limitation to age or size. Additionally, the casts or splints may be used for animals of any age or size for which the utilization of a cast or splint would be useful or appropriate. The cast or splint may be used for treatment of fractures or sprains to limit movement or immobilize a limb, joint, bone or other body part or portion of the anatomy.

[0016] The cast 10 may be formed with a liner or stockinette 14 (FIG. 2) layer that underlies a cast shell layer 16 and which may form a part of the final cast. The liner or stockinette 14 may be a thin, lightweight fabric or other material, and may the same or similar to those commonly used in the construction of conventional casts. The liner or stockinettes may be of natural or synthetic material or a blend of such materials. The liner may be formed as a tubular sleeve with at least one end opening and that defines a circumferentially enclosed passage that is prefabricated to generally fit and conform to the appropriate body part for which it is to be used, including appropriate openings or secondary sleeves for the passage of the body part and any projecting members or appendages thereof, such as fingers, toes, etc. An example of a suitable stockinette material is cotton or a blend of cotton and a synthetic material. An elastic material, such as Lycra® synthetic fibers or material, may be incorporated into the liner or stockinette so that it expands and contracts to facilitate placement of the stockinette on the limb or body part and to provide a conforming fit. In certain cases, the liner or stockinette may be treated with or have incorporated therewith an antimicrobial compound or agent. Additionally, the liner or stockinette may be fluid repellent or breathable, allowing the passage of water vapor but repelling penetration by water or other liquids to keep the underlying skin as dry as possible.

[0017] The cast shell 16 is formed from a preformed or prefabricated sleeve of flexible material 18. As used herein, the terms “preformed” or “prefabricated” are meant to encompass the feature of the stockinette or sleeve being formed or fabricated prior to positioning on the body part or limb for which it is used without substantial modification. The material 18 used for the shell 16 may be formed from fabric material such that formed from natural fibers (such as cotton, linen, etc.), mineral fibers (such as fiberglass, etc.), or synthetic fibers (such as polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, etc.) or combination of these, and which may be formed into one or more layers of woven or non-woven fabric.

[0018] The fabric 18 may include an elastic material, such as Lycra®, polyurethane, rubber or other elastomers, to facilitate expansion and contraction of the material during placement or positioning of sleeve over the limb or body part and to provide a conforming fit. Other characteristics of the fabric material may be the same or similar to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,228,164, which is directed toward the formation of lasts or molds for footwear, and which is herein incorporated by reference for all purposes. The fabric material of the sleeve 18 should be of sufficient thickness to provide the necessary orthopedic supporting function when combined or provided with the impregnated hardenable material, as is discussed below. Thicknesses may vary, but examples of suitable thicknesses for the fabric material may be from about 3 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm or more. An example of a commercially available material for the fabric sleeve includes the fabric material available as Tubular Terry Net™, from RX Textiles, Charlotte, N.C.

[0019] The material 18 may also be a non-fabric material, such as a flexible foam, that is capable of performing in a similar manner to the fabric as is described herein and will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

[0020] The sleeve 18 may be of generally continuous or unitary construction in that it is formed as a single unit prior to positioning on the body part or limb. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that although the sleeve 18 is described as being of continuous or unitary construction, it may be formed from one or from two or more sections or pieces of material that are joined or coupled together, such as by sewing, knitting, fusing, adhesion or otherwise, to form such construction, and is not necessarily meant to limit the construction as being formed from only a single component or piece of material. The sleeve 18 may be generally tubular in shape with at least one end opening 20 and that defines a circumferentially enclosed central passage for receiving the body part upon which it is positioned. The sleeve 18 may be open at both ends, such as at the end 22 (FIG. 2) to allow the passage of the limb or body part therethrough. One or more secondary openings, such as the opening 24, may also be formed within the wall of the sleeve 18 to allow the passage and projection of a projecting member, such as the wearer's thumb 26. The opening 22 and the secondary openings may be preformed or may be formed, such as by cutting, during construction of the cast when positioning the sleeve on the body of the wearer. It may be desirable, however, to provide such openings as part of the prefabricated sleeve so that no cutting or modification is necessary during cast construction.

[0021] The fabric sleeve 18 of the cast 10 is circumferentially impregnated with a hardenable material 28 (FIG. 2). The hardenable material 28 may cover substantially the entire sleeve 18, extending circumferentially around and substantially along the entire length of the sleeve 18. The hardenable material 28 may add a slight amount of thickness to the fabric sleeve 18 when coated thereon. This may be one or two millimeters or more of additional thickness. The hardenable material 28 may be a plaster, resin, polymer or other suitable material that can be applied to the fabric material of the sleeve and that is initially pliable and does not substantially interfere with the flexibility-of the fabric material of the sleeve 18 prior to hardening. This facilitates positioning and conformance of the sleeve 18 on the affected limb or body part to be supported. The hardenable material may also harden or cure upon activation to a sufficient hardness or rigidity to provide a supporting function within a matter of few minutes to one or two hours or more. The hardenable material may include water-curable, air-curable, heat-curable, U.V.-curable, etc. type plasters or resin materials. Examples of hardenable materials, as well as certain fabric materials, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,656,476; 3,881,473; 4,105,025; 4,131,114; 4,502,479; 4,609,578; 4,655,208; 4,667,661; 4,668,563; 4,705,840; 4,774,937; 4,871,845; 4,888,225; 4,968,542 and 5,228,164, which are each herein incorporated by reference. An example of a suitable commercially available hardenable material is that available as Carapace™/DeRoyal (Product No. 01-10-9910) Natural Polymer, from DeRoyal Industries, Inc., Powell, Tenn.

[0022] The sleeve 16 may prefabricated to include a colorant or colorants to provide one or more colors to enhance the sleeve's appearance or attractiveness. An example of applying colorants to such materials is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,088,484, which is herein incorporated by reference. Additionally, logos, symbols, illustrations, pictures or other visible enhancements wherein less than all or a portion of the sleeve is provided with different colors, variation of color or contrasting areas may be formed on or incorporated into the sleeve 16 to enhance its appearance.

[0023] In construction of the cast 10, as shown in FIG. 3, the stockinette 14 is first positioned over the arm, wrist and hand 12, as shown. The preimpregnated sleeve 16 may be initially provided in a sealed or moisture-proof container (not shown), such as a disposable envelope or pouch, that is opened prior to application. Condoms or other temporary protective coverings (not shown) may be positioned on the fingers or appendages that are to be exposed, such as the thumb 26, during construction of the cast. The sleeve 16 may be in a rolled or substantially rolled or folded configuration to facilitate positioning of the sleeve 16 on a limb or body part. If necessary, the impregnated sleeve 16 may be dipped in or sprayed with water (for water-curable type resins or plasters) or otherwise activated prior to positioning on the wearer. Alternatively, the impregnated sleeve may be activated after it has been positioned on the wearer.

[0024] In the embodiment shown, the rolled sleeve 16 is positioned on the wearer's arm 12 by directing the hand and arm through the opening 20. The sleeve 16 is preformed with the opening 22 provided for the fingers of the wearer's hand and the secondary opening 24 provided for the wearer's thumb. The sleeve 16 may be activated by dipping in water, if the hardenable material is a water-curable material, prior to unrolling, if desired. As the wearer's hand and arm are inserted through the sleeve 16, the sleeve 16 may be gradually unrolled or unfolded generally longitudinally along the length of the wearer's hand and arm until the sleeve is substantially unrolled. This may be done without any circumferential wrapping or overlapping of fabric material, as occurs with conventional gauze-tape-type casts. If necessary, the sleeve may be rotated, molded, reduced, smoothed or adjusted to provide the necessary conformance and fit for the wearer and to align the fracture or properly support the limb or body part. Additionally, if necessary, any excess material of the sleeve 16 may be trimmed after the sleeve 16 is unrolled to provide an appropriate fit.

[0025] After the sleeve 16 has been properly positioned on the wearer's arm 12, the sleeve 16 is allowed to cure or harden to provide the necessary rigidity and support for substantially immobilizing the wearer's arm and/or hand. The underlying stockinette 14 or portions thereof may become laminated to the shell 16 when it is positioned thereon so that it becomes an integral part of the cast 10. After the impregnated sleeve 16 has hardened, any condoms or protective coverings used in protecting the exposed fingers or appendages may be removed.

[0026] Although not shown, padding material, such as cotton, or other material, as is used in conventional casts, may also be positioned on the limb or body part prior to positioning of the sleeve. Such padding material may not be necessary, however. Because the shell of the cast 10 is relatively thin, it may be removed by cutting with a scissors or similar devices, making the use of conventional cast saw equipment unnecessary and eliminating the need for conventional cast padding. Also, casts or splints constructed in accordance with the invention may have sufficient transparency to X-rays so that the clear visibility of X-ray images of bone or bone fracture patterns is not less than, 85%, 90% or 95% by area.

[0027] Referring to FIG. 4, a thumb “spica” splint 32 is shown. As used herein and unless otherwise stated or as may be apparent from the context, the term “spica” is not to be construed to mean a spica formed as in conventional casts or splints wherein successive wraps of tapes or bandages are used to encase or surround a projecting member, but is merely used for ease of description and understanding to similarly correspond to a spica formed in such conventional casts or splints. The splint 32 may be similar in construction to the cast 10, employing generally the same or similar materials, as previously described. As seen in FIG. 5, the splint 32 is formed from a tubular fabric main sleeve 34 having a central opening 35. A shell portion 36 is formed on the sleeve 34 from a non-continuous or non-circumferential coating of hardenable material 38 that extends generally along one side of the sleeve 34 along its length. A thumb-spica portion 40 is also formed on the shell portion 36 from a secondary fabric sleeve that is integral with and preformed with the main sleeve portion 34 for receiving a wearer's thumb 42, and which is also impregnated with the hardenable material 38.

[0028] The hardenable material 38 may be impregnated on such non-continuous or selected portions by initially positioning the fabric sleeve on a mandrel or other device having a configuration or shape, which may be similar to the body part to which it is to be applied, that facilitates the application of the hardenable material to the fabric material of the sleeve. In this way, only selected portions of the fabric material may have the hardenable material applied thereon. The impregnated sleeve may then be removed from the mandrel, such as by longitudinal rolling or folding, wherein the impregnated sleeve will have a rolled or folded configuration, such as shown in FIG. 3 with respect to the sleeve 18 for the cast 10. For casts, circumferential portions or the entire or substantially the entire sleeve may be coated in the same way and removed from the mandrel in the rolled configuration, as well.

[0029] The splint 32 may be positioned and applied to the hand and arm in a manner similar to the cast 10, employing an underlying stockinette or liner and any necessary padding for protecting bony prominents.

[0030] The casts or splints formed as generally described can have a wide variety of different configurations and applications. Referring to FIG. 6, a radial gutter splint 44 with encased 2nd and 3rd fingers of the wearer's hand is shown. The splint 44 includes a preformed fabric sleeve 46 having a non-circumferential impregnated portion 48 to form a non-circumferential shell that extends along the length of the wearer's forearm and has an integral finger shell spica portion 50 encasing the 2nd and 3rd fingers of the wearer's hand, and is provided with a secondary thumb opening 52.

[0031] FIG. 7 shows an ulna gutter cast 54 formed from a preformed fabric sleeve 56, which is circumferentially impregnated with a hardenable material, having a finger spica shell portion 60 encasing the 4th and 5th fingers, and a thumb opening 62.

[0032] Fabric sleeves similar to those previously described may also be impregnated with a hardenable material in a manner to form casts or splints of different configurations for use on the same or other body parts or limbs, such as hip spicas, and wherein the shell extends circumferentially or non-circumferentially or on less than all or only a portion of the sleeve. Examples of different casts or splints may include but are not limited to those for the hand, wrist, arm, leg, foot, ankle, spine, etc. Specific casts include, but are not limited to, radial gutter casts, ulna gutter casts, thumb spica casts, short arm casts, munster casts, long arm casts, long arm cylinder casts, long leg casts, long leg cylinder casts, short leg casts, delbet casts, patella tendon weight bearing casts, body jacket casts, single hip spica casts, double hip spica casts, minerva jacket casts, velpeau casts, shoulder spica casts, short leg splints, long leg splints, short arm splints, long arm splints, volar splints, sugar tong splints, radial gutter splints and thumb spica splints.

[0033] FIG. 8 shows a leg cast 64 formed in a similar manner to the casts and splints previously described. The cast 64 also includes inner layers of padding material 66, 68 for overlaying bony prominent areas. The padding material may be felt, fabric, foam, or other suitable protective material that can be used to overlay bony prominents or other areas that may be susceptible to rubbing or increased pressure from the cast. The padding material may be secured to the outer surface or side of the underlying stockinette or liner, or may be secured to the inner surface or side of the impregnated sleeve such as by sewing, fusing, adhesion or otherwise.

[0034] The invention provides a lightweight, low-profile, non-bulky immobilizing support for a limb or other body part that can be quickly and easily constructed. The cast or splint can be provided at low cost and with less material than conventional casts or splints to achieve the required strength and support. The cast has high transparency to X-rays and can be easily removed without the need for cast saws or other specialized equipment, which can create debris and risk of injury to the cast wearer. The cast also eliminates the need for padding material, which is prone to absorbing and retaining moisture.

[0035] The following example serves to further illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE

[0036] A test was conducted on an adult human male having a broken metacarpal of the right hand that had originally been fitted with a conventional splint to await the abatement of any swelling. The splint was removed in a conventional manner and a liner stockinette of Tubular Terry Net™, from RX Textiles, was positioned over the patient's hand and arm. The liner stockinette was provided with openings for the projection of the patient's thumb, as well as a separate opening for the 2nd and 3rd fingers. Next, a layer of padding material was placed over the liner and over the bony prominents of the patient's hand. The patient was provided with finger condoms to cover the exposed thumb and 2nd and 3rd fingers during construction of the cast.

[0037] A preimpregnated 13″ tubular, polyester sock was used for the cast shell 72 (FIG. 9). The sock had been impregnated with approximately 80 to 90 grams of a water-curable hardenable material, available as Carapace™/DeRoyal (Product No. 01-10-9910) Natural Polymer, from DeRoyal Industries, Inc., Powell, Tenn., and rolled or folded longitudinally as shown in solid line. The sock for the shell had been precut to form a hole or opening 74 for the thumb for use as a shortarm cast, but was further modified to form an ulna gutter cast. This was done by cutting a portion, as outlined in dashed line at 76 of FIG. 9, of the sock approximately one inch above the thumb opening 74, leaving a remaining portion 78.

[0038] Prior to positioning on the patient's arm, the impregnated sock was dipped in tepid water to activate curing of the hardenable material. The impregnated sock was then positioned on the patient's right hand and arm by rolling the sock generally longitudinally along the length of the patient's hand and arm and over the liner and padding material while the sock was still in a flexible state, the thumb being received through the thumb opening 74 and the 2nd and 3rd fingers projecting through the opening formed by the removal of the portion 76. The remaining portion 78 of the sleeve was wrapped around the patient's 4th and 5th fingers and secured with conventional medical tape to form a spica. The sock was then smoothed and conformed to the patient's hand and arm to ensure that they were held in the proper position.

[0039] After allowing the cast to harden for a few minutes, the patient's right hand with the hardened cast was X-rayed. The resulting X-ray images clearly showed 100% of the bone and the fracture pattern.

[0040] After an elapsed period of approximately two weeks, the patient's right hand was examined and X-rayed again with the cast still in place. The X-ray images clearly showed the bone, the fracture pattern and a small amount of new bone growth. It was apparent that the cast was holding the fractured bone in place with no noticeable problems.

[0041] After another elapsed period of approximately two weeks, the cast was manually removed by cutting the cast with medical bandage scissors. The patient's arm and hand were visually examined and showed no apparent blisters, rashes, pressure sores, drainage or other tissue damage. During the period the patient was wearing the cast, the patient reported they were able to function in a generally normal manner and that the cast had gotten wet during bathing with no negative effects to the cast or skin.

[0042] While the invention has been shown in only some of its forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An orthopedic cast or splint comprising: a unitary, preformed sleeve of flexible material wherein at least a portion of the sleeve is provided with a hardenable material thereon, the preformed sleeve having at least one circumferentially enclosed opening for receiving and conforming to a selected body portion of a human or animal, and wherein the impregnated portion of the sleeve has sufficient structural rigidity upon hardening of the hardenable material so that the portion of the sleeve is capable of substantially immobilizing the body portion when the sleeve is positioned thereon.

2. The orthopedic cast or splint of claim 1, wherein: the flexible material is an elastic fabric to facilitate conforming of the sleeve to the body portion.

3. The orthopedic cast or splint of claim 1, further comprising: a stockinette for positioning over the body portion and that underlies the sleeve.

4. The cast or splint of claim 1, wherein: the sleeve has at least one secondary opening for receiving a projecting member of the body portion.

5. The cast or splint of claim 1, wherein: the flexible material has a thickness of less than 12 mm.

6. The cast or splint of claim 1, wherein: the flexible material has a thickness of greater than 5 mm.

7. The cast or splint of claim 1, wherein: the hardenable material is circumferentially provided on the sleeve.

8. The cast or splint of claim 1, wherein: the hardenable material is non-circumferentially provided on the sleeve.

9. The cast or splint of claim 1, wherein: the hardenable material is a water-curable polymer resin.

10. The cast or splint of claim 1, further comprising: a layer of padding material coupled to the sleeve at a position for overlaying a bony prominent area of the body portion when the sleeve is positioned thereon.

11. An orthopedic cast or splint comprising: a unitary, preformed flexible sleeve of fabric material wherein at least a portion of the sleeve is impregnated with a hardenable material, the preformed sleeve having a thickness of greater than 6 mm and having at least one opening for receiving and conforming to a selected body portion of a human or animal, and wherein the impregnated portion of the sleeve has sufficient structural rigidity upon hardening of the hardenable material so that the impregnated portion is capable of substantially immobilizing the body portion when the sleeve is positioned thereon.

12. The orthopedic cast or splint of claim 11, further comprising: a stockinet for positioning over the body portion and that underlies the sleeve.

13. The cast or splint of claim 11, wherein: the sleeve has at least one secondary opening for receiving a projecting member of the body portion.

14. The cast or splint of claim 11, wherein: the fabric material has a thickness of less than 12 mm.

15. The cast or splint of claim 11, wherein: the sleeve is circumferentially impregnated with the hardenable material.

16. The cast or splint of claim 11, wherein: the sleeve is non-circumferentially impregnated with the hardenable material.

17. The cast or splint of claim 11, wherein: the hardenable material is a water-curable polymer resin.

18. The cast or splint of claim 11, further comprising: a layer of padding material coupled to the sleeve at a position wherein the padding material overlays bony a prominent area of the body portion when the sleeve is positioned thereon.

19. A method of forming a cast or splint for supporting a body portion of a human or animal comprising: providing a unitary, preformed sleeve of flexible fabric material wherein at least a portion of the sleeve is impregnated with a hardenable material, the preformed sleeve having at least one opening for receiving and conforming to a selected body portion of a human or animal; positioning the sleeve upon the selected body portion while the hardenable material is in a pre-hardened state; and allowing the hardenable material of the impregnated portion of the sleeve to harden so that the impregnated portion provides sufficient structural rigidity capable of substantially immobilizing the body portion when the sleeve is positioned thereon.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: the sleeve is positioned upon the selected body portion without circumferential wrapping.

21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: positioning a stockinet upon the desired body portion prior to positioning the sleeve upon the desired body portion.