Patent Grant
11088764
Optical communication systems typically include a first node that outputs optical carriers to one or more second nodes. The first and second nodes are connected to each other by one or more segments of optical fiber. The nodes in an optical communication system may include an internet protocol (IP) router, for example, as well as, a transceiver module that often plugs into the router and connects to the optical communication system fibers. In many circumstances, the transceiver modules and other node equipment, such as the router, are provided by the same vendor. As such, monitoring, status, and control information associated with the transceiver modules is communicated to a user's central software through the router or other node equipment. An optical service channel or ethernet connection, for example, may be coupled to an external port to provide the monitoring, status, and control information to the central software. The central software, however, typically cannot access or manage the transceiver modules independently of the node equipment. Moreover, transceivers typically do not communicate directly with other equipment in the communication system, such as equipment coupled along the optical fibers (“line system components”) in the system as well as other transceivers. That is, transceivers are typically not separately addressable managed entities from the node equipment and lack a direct data path for communicating control information to/from the transceiver. Since such data paths traditionally are made through the node equipment, transceivers purchased from a vendor other than the node equipment vendor may be incompatible with the node equipment, such that a control information data path may not be made directly to the transceiver. Accordingly, such transceivers may not be adequately monitored or controlled.
Without a capability of communicating control information directly with the transceivers, customers may be precluded from purchasing transceivers from vendors other than the vendor that also supplies the node equipment. Such customers, therefore, may not realize cost savings that would otherwise be achieved by purchasing node equipment and transceivers from different vendors.
In an aspect, a transmitter includes a laser, a digital signal processor, digital-to-analog conversion circuitry, modulator driver circuitry, and an optical modulator. The laser is operable to supply an optical signal. The digital signal processor is operable to supply first electrical signals based on first data input to the digital signal processor and second data input to the digital signal processor. The digital-to-analog conversion circuitry is operable to output second electrical signals based on the first electrical signals. The modulator driver circuitry is operable to output third electrical signals based on the second electrical signals. The optical modulator is operable to supply first and second modulated optical signals based on the third electrical signals. The first modulated optical signal includes a plurality of optical subcarriers carrying user data. The second modulated optical signal is polarization modulated based on the second data.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the second data is control data including information associated with at least one of the transmitter or a receiver operable to receive the second modulated optical signal.
In some implementations, each of the plurality of subcarriers has a corresponding one of a plurality of first frequencies, and the second modulated optical signal has a second frequency different than each of said plurality of first frequencies.
In some implementations, the second frequency of the second modulated optical signal is between adjacent ones of the plurality of first frequencies.
In some implementations, the second modulated optical is modulated to be in a first polarization state corresponding to a first portion of the control data or a second polarization state corresponding to a second portion of the control data.
In some implementations, the first portion of the data is a ‘1’ bit and the second portion of the data is a ‘0’ bit.
In some implementations, the control data is first control data. The digital signal processor is operable to receive second control data, and the modulator is further operable to amplitude modulate the first and second modulated optical signals based on the second control data.
In some implementations, the transmitter is operable such that the first and second modulated optical signals are supplied to an optical communication path. An optical component is coupled to the optical communication path, the second control data being associated with a parameter of the optical component.
In some implementations, the transmitter is disposed in a first node, and the first and second modulated optical signals are supplied to an optical communication path. A second node is optically coupled to the optical communication path. The first control data is associated with a parameter of the second node.
In some implementations, the second control data is associated with an optical component optically coupled to the optical communication path between the first and second nodes.
In some implementations, the control data is first control data. The modulator driver circuitry is operable to receive second control data. The modulator is further operable to amplitude modulate the first and second modulated optical signals based on the second control data.
In another aspect, a receiver includes a polarization beam splitter, an optical hybrid circuit, photodiode circuitry, analog-to-digital conversion circuitry, and a digital signal processor. The polarization beam splitter has an input and first and second outputs. The input is configured to receive first and second modulated optical signals. The first modulated optical signal carries information indicative of user data and including a plurality of optical subcarriers, and second modulated optical signal is polarization modulated based on control data, such that the first output supplies a first portion of the first and second modulated optical signals and the second output supplies a second portion of the first and second modulated optical signals. The optical hybrid circuit is operable to provide optical mixing products based on the first portion of the first and second modulated optical signals, the second portion of the first and second modulated optical signals, and a local oscillator signal. The photodiode circuitry is operable to provide first electrical signals based on the optical mixing products. The analog-to-digital conversion circuitry is operable to provide second electrical signals based on the first electrical signals. The digital signal processor is operable to provide the user data and the control data based on the second electrical signals.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the receiver further includes a local oscillator laser operable to supply the local oscillator signal.
In some implementations, each of the plurality of subcarriers has a corresponding one of a plurality of first frequencies, the second modulated optical signal having a second frequency different than each of said plurality of first frequencies.
In some implementations, the second frequency of the second modulated optical signal is between adjacent ones of the plurality of first frequencies.
In some implementations, the second modulated optical is modulated to be in a first polarization state corresponding to first portion of the control data or a second polarization state signal corresponding to a second portion of the control data.
In some implementations, the first portion of the data is a l′ bit and a second portion of the data is a ‘0’ bit.
In some implementations, the user data is associated with a subset of the plurality of optical subcarriers.
In some implementations, the control data is first control data, and the first and second modulated optical signals are further amplitude modulated based on second control data.
In some implementations, the receiver further includes a mean square detector circuit operable to output a signal indicative of the second control data.
In some implementations, the mean square detector is coupled to the analog-to-digital conversion circuitry.
In some implementations, the receiver further includes trans-impedance amplifier circuitry coupled to the photodiode circuitry. The trans-impedance amplifier circuitry is operable to supply a signal indicative of the second control data.
In some implementations, the receiver is disposed in a first node, and the first and second modulated optical signals are received from an optical communication path. A second node is optically coupled to the optical communication path to supply the first and second modulated optical signals. The first control data is associated with a parameter of the second node.
In some implementations, the second control data is associated with an optical component optically coupled to the optical communication path between the first and second nodes.
In another aspect, a transceiver includes a first digital signal processor, a modulator, a photodiode circuit, and a second digital processor. The first digital signal processor is operable to supply first electrical signals. The modulator is operable to supply a first optical signal based on the first electrical signals, the first optical signal including a first plurality of optical subcarriers, the first plurality of optical subcarriers not overlapping one another in frequency, and a second optical signal that carries first control information. The first optical signal is modulated to carry second control information. The first control information is associated with another transceiver remote from the modulator. The second control information is associated with an optical component connected to an optical communication path that optically couples the transceiver to said another transceiver. The photodiode circuit is operable to receive a third optical signal including a second plurality of optical subcarriers, the second plurality of optical subcarriers not overlapping one another in frequency, and a fourth optical signal that carries third control information. The third optical signal is modulated to carry fourth control information. The photodiode circuit supplies a second electrical signal based on the third optical signal. The second digital processor is operable to supply data indicative of the control third and fourth control information based on the second electrical signal. The third control information is associated with said another transceiver remote. The fourth control information is associated with the optical component connected to the optical communication path.
In another aspect, an apparatus includes an optical tap, a photodiode, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and clock and data recovery circuitry. The optical tap is configured to be coupled to an optical communication path. The optical communication path is operable to carry a modulated optical signal carrying a plurality of optical subcarriers. The plurality of optical subcarriers do not spectrally overlap one another. The optical tap has first and second outputs, the first output configured to supply a first portion of the modulated optical signal and the second output configured to supply a second portion of the modulated optical signal. An optical power associated with the first portion of the modulated optical signal is less than an optical power associated with a second portion of the modulated optical signal. The plurality of optical subcarriers are amplitude modulated based on control data at a first frequency, and each of the plurality of optical subcarriers is modulated to carry user data at a second frequency greater than the first frequency. The photodiode is operable to receive the first portion of the modulated optical signal. The photodiode is operable to supply an analog signal based on the received first portion of the modulated optical signal. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit is operable to generate a digital signal based on the analog signal. The clock and data recovery circuitry is operable to supply the control data based on the digital signal.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the control data is indicative of a parameter associated with an optical component coupled to the optical communication path.
In some implementations, the optical component is an erbium doped fiber amplifier.
In some implementations, the optical component is a wavelength selective switch.
In some implementations, the optical communication path further carries a polarization modulated optical signal.
In some implementations, the apparatus is co-located with the optical component.
In some implementations, the apparatus further includes a variable optical attenuator coupled to the optical communication path. The variable optical attenuator is operable to receive, via a first optical port, the second portion of the modulated optical signal from the optical tap. The variable optical attenuator is further operable to receive, via a second optical port, a second analog signal. The variable optical attenuator is further operable to attenuate the second portion of the modulated optical signal according to the second analog signal, and output the attenuated second portion of the modulated optical signal.
In some implementations, the optical tap is configured to be coupled to the optical communication path between a first end of the optical communication path and a second end of the optical communication path opposite the first end of the optical communication path. The first end of the optical communication path includes a transmitter, and the second end of the optical communication path includes a receiver.
In another aspect, an apparatus includes a source of control data, digital-to-analog conversion circuitry, and a variable optical attenuator. The digital-to-analog conversion circuitry is operable to receive the control data and output an analog signal. The variable optical attenuator has a first optical port and a second optical port. The first optical port is operable to receive an optical signal including a plurality of optical subcarriers transmitted on an optical communication path. The plurality of optical subcarriers do not spectrally overlap one another. The variable optical attenuator is operable to amplitude modulate the optical signal to provide an amplitude modulated optical signal based on the analog signal. The amplitude modulated optical signal includes the plurality of optical subcarriers.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the control data is indicative of a parameter associated with an optical component coupled to the optical communication path.
In some implementations, the optical component is an erbium doped fiber amplifier.
In some implementations, the optical component is a wavelength selective switch.
In some implementations, the first optical port further receives a polarization modulated optical signal transmitted on the optical communication path.
In some implementations, the variable optical attenuator is configured to be coupled to the optical communication path between a first end of the optical communication path and a second end of the optical communication path opposite the first end of the optical communication path. The first end of the optical communication path includes a transmitter, and the second end of the optical communication path includes a receiver.
In another aspect, an apparatus includes a first optical input port, a first optical output port, a first electrical circuit, a second electrical circuit, a second optical input port, and a variable optical attenuator. The first optical input port is coupled to a first optical communication path and is operable to receive a first amplitude modulated optical signal transmitted on the first optical communication path. The first amplitude modulated optical signal includes a first plurality of optical subcarriers. The first amplitude modulated optical signal is amplitude modulated based on first control data. The first optical output port is operable to output the first amplitude modulated optical signal. The first electrical circuit includes a photodiode operable to receive a portion of the first amplitude modulated optical signal and provide a first electrical signal based on the portion of the first amplitude modulated optical signal. The second electrical circuit is operable to output the first control data based on the first electrical signal. The second optical input port is coupled to a second optical communication path operable to receive a second optical signal including a second plurality of optical subcarriers transmitted on the second optical communication path. The variable optical attenuator is operable to receive the second plurality of optical subcarriers and amplitude modulate the second plurality of optical subcarriers based on second control data to provide a second amplitude modulated optical signal.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the second control data is indicative of a parameter associated with an optical component coupled to the second optical communication path.
In some implementations, the optical component is an erbium doped fiber amplifier.
In some implementations, the optical component is a wavelength selective switch.
In some implementations, the first amplitude modulated optical signal includes a first polarization modulated optical signal and the second amplitude modulated optical signal includes a second polarization modulated optical signal.
In some implementations, the first electrical circuit is configured to be coupled to the first optical communication path between a first end of the first optical communication path and a second end of the first optical communication path opposite the first end of the first optical communication path. The first end of the first optical communication path includes a first transmitter, and the second end of the first optical communication path includes a first receiver. The variable optical attenuator is configured to be coupled to the second optical communication path between a first end of the second optical communication path and a second end of the second optical communication path opposite the first end of the second optical communication path. The first end of the second optical communication path includes a second transmitter, and the second end of the second optical communication path includes a second receiver.
In another aspect, an apparatus includes a laser, a digital signal processor, digital to analog circuitry, driver circuitry, and a modulator. The laser is operable to supply an optical signal. The digital signal processor is operable to supply digital signals. The digital to analog circuitry is operable to provide analog signals based on the digital signals. The driver circuitry is coupled to the digital to analog circuitry, and is operable to supply at least one drive signal. The modulator operable to receive said at least one drive signal, modulate the optical signal based on said at least one drive signal to provide a plurality of optical subcarriers, amplitude modulate the plurality of optical subcarriers at a first frequency to carry first control information, and modulate the plurality of subcarriers at a second frequency to carry second control information.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, each of the optical subcarriers is a Nyquist subcarrier.
In some implementations, the first frequency is in a range of 3 MHz to 4 MHz and the second frequency is in a range of 6 MHz to 7 MHz.
In some implementations, the plurality of optical subcarriers is a first plurality of optical subcarriers. The apparatus further includes a receiver operable to receive a second plurality of optical subcarriers, each of which is amplitude modulated at a third frequency.
In some implementations, the first frequency is within a first band and the second frequency is within a second band. The third frequency is within the first band or the second band.
In some implementations, the second plurality of optical subcarriers is further amplitude modulated at a fourth frequency different than the third frequency.
In some implementations, the first frequency is within a first band and the second frequency is within a second band. The third frequency is within the first band and the fourth frequency being within the second band.
In another aspect, an apparatus includes an optical hybrid circuit, a photodiode circuit, analog to digital conversion circuitry, and a digital signal processor. The optical hybrid circuit is operable to receive a plurality of optical subcarriers. The plurality of optical subcarriers is amplitude modulated at a first frequency to carry first control information and amplitude modulated at a second frequency to carry second control information. The optical hybrid circuit is also operable to receive a local oscillator signal, and provide mixing products based on the local oscillator signal and the plurality of optical subcarriers. The photodiode circuit operable to provide first electrical signals based on the mixing products. The analog to digital conversion circuitry is operable to output digital signals based on the first electrical signals. The digital signal processor is operable to provide data associated with the plurality of optical subcarriers. The apparatus also includes circuitry operable to receive second electrical signals based on first electrical signals and output the first and second control information based on the first electrical signals.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, each of the optical subcarriers is a Nyquist subcarrier.
In some implementations, the first frequency is in a range of 3 MHz to 4 MHz and the second frequency is in a range of 6 MHz to 7 MHz.
In some implementations, the plurality of optical subcarriers is a first plurality of optical subcarriers. The apparatus further includes a receiver operable to receive a second plurality of optical subcarriers, each of which is amplitude modulated at a third frequency.
In some implementations, the first frequency is within a first band and the second frequency is within a second band. The third frequency is within the first band or the second band.
In some implementations, the second plurality of optical subcarriers is further amplitude modulated at a fourth frequency different than the third frequency.
In some implementations, the first frequency is within a first band and the second frequency is within a second band. The third frequency is within the first band and the fourth frequency being within the second band.
In some implementations, the apparatus further includes a plurality of filter circuits, each of which has a corresponding one of a plurality of passbands. The plurality of optical subcarriers is further amplitude modulated at a third frequency different than the first and second frequencies. The plurality of filter circuits block signals being associated with the third frequency.
In another aspect, an apparatus includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes a laser, a digital signal processor, digital to analog circuitry, driver circuitry, and a modulator. The laser is operable to supply an optical signal. The digital signal processor is operable to supply digital signals. The digital to analog circuitry is operable to provide analog signals based on the digital signals. The driver circuitry is coupled to digital to analog circuitry, and is operable to supply at least one drive signal. The modulator is operable to receive said at least one drive signal, modulate the optical signal based on said at least one drive signal to provide a first plurality of optical subcarriers, amplitude modulate the first plurality of subcarriers at a first frequency to carry first control information, and modulate the first plurality of subcarriers at a second frequency to carry second control information. The receiver includes an optical hybrid circuit, a photodiode circuit, analog to digital conversion circuitry, and a digital signal processor. The optical hybrid circuit is operable to receive a second plurality of optical subcarriers. The second plurality of optical subcarriers are amplitude modulated at a third frequency to carry third control information and amplitude modulated at a fourth frequency to carry fourth control information. The optical hybrid circuit is also operable to receive a local oscillator signal, and provide mixing products based on the local oscillator signal and the plurality of optical subcarriers. The photodiode circuit is operable to provide first electrical signals based on the mixing products. The analog to digital conversion circuitry is operable to output digital signals based on the first electrical signals. The digital signal processor is operable to provide data associated with the plurality of optical subcarriers, The receive also includes circuitry operable to receive second electrical signals based on first electrical signals and output the third and fourth control information based on the first electrical signals.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the laser is further operable to supply the local oscillator signal.
In some implementations, each of the optical subcarriers is a Nyquist subcarrier.
In some implementations, the first frequency is in a range of 3 MHz to 4 MHz and the second frequency is in a range of 6 MHz to 7 MHz.
In some implementations, the second plurality of optical subcarriers is further amplitude modulated at a third frequency.
In some implementations, the first frequency is within a first band and the second frequency is within a second band. The third frequency is within the first band or the second band.
In some implementations, the second plurality of optical subcarriers is further amplitude modulated at a fourth frequency different than the third frequency.
In some implementations, the first frequency is within a first band and the second frequency is within a second band. The third frequency is within the first band and the fourth frequency being within the second band.
In another aspect, an optical communication system includes a primary transceiver, a component, and a plurality of secondary transceivers. The primary transceiver is operable to supply a first plurality of optical subcarriers to a optical communication path, the first plurality of optical subcarriers being amplitude modulated at a first frequency to carry first control information and being amplitude modulated at a second frequency to carry second control information. The component is operable to be coupled to the optical communication path. The component includes circuitry operable to detect the first control information. The plurality of secondary transceivers is coupled to a terminal end of the optical communication path. At least one of the plurality of secondary transceivers is operable to detect the second control information and block the first control information.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, each of the plurality of subcarriers is a Nyquist subcarrier.
In another aspect, an optical communication system includes a primary transceiver, a plurality of secondary transceivers, a network management system, a component, a first data path, and a second data path. The primary transceiver is coupled to an optical communication path and is operable to supply a plurality of optical subcarriers to the optical communication path. The plurality of secondary transceivers is coupled to the optical communication path. The network management system includes software. The component is coupled to the optical communication path. The first data path is operable to carry first control information, the first data path extending from the primary transceiver to the software via the component. The second data path is operable to carry second control information, the second data path extending from the primary transceiver to at least one of the secondary transceivers via the optical component.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the optical communication system includes a third data path operable to carry third control information, the third data path extending from at least one of the secondary transceivers to the primary transceiver, the third data path supplying the third control information to the primary transceiver.
In some implementations, the optical communication system includes a fourth data path operable to carry fourth control information, the fourth data path extending from the central software to the primary transceiver, the fourth data path supplying the fourth control information to the primary transceiver.
In some implementations, the optical communication system includes a fifth data path operable to carry fifth control information, the fifth data path extending from the central software to at least one of the secondary transceivers, the fifth data path supplying the fifth control information to said at least one of the secondary transceivers.
In some implementations, the optical communication system includes a sixth data path operable to carry sixth control information, the sixth data path extending from at least one of the plurality of secondary transceivers to the central software, the sixth data path supplying the sixth control information to the central software.
In some implementations, the first data path is associated with an amplitude modulation of the plurality of optical subcarriers.
In some implementations, the second data path is associated with a polarization modulated signal transmitted from the primary transceiver onto the optical communication path.
In some implementations, the first data path is associated with a first amplitude modulation of the plurality of optical subcarriers at a first frequency and a second amplitude modulation of the second plurality of optical subcarriers at a second frequency different than the first frequency.
In some implementations, each of the plurality of optical subcarriers is a Nyquist subcarrier.
In another aspect, a communication method is performed with respect to an optical communication system including a primary transceiver and a plurality of secondary transceivers. The method includes generating a plurality of optical subcarriers, amplitude modulating the plurality of optical subcarriers at a first frequency to carry first control information, amplitude modulating the plurality of optical subcarriers at a second frequency to carry second control information, and transmitting the plurality of subcarriers on a first optical communication path. The method also includes receiving the plurality of optical subcarriers from the first optical communication path at a receiver, detecting the first and second control information at the receiver, generating a second plurality of optical subcarriers, amplitude modulating the second plurality of optical subcarriers based on the second control information, transmitting the second plurality of optical subcarriers on a second optical communication path, and detecting the second control information at an optical component coupled to the second optical communication path.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the method further includes forwarding the second control information from the optical component to a network management system.
In some implementations, the method further includes providing a portion of each of the second plurality of optical subcarriers with an optical tap.
In some implementations, said detecting the second control information at the optical component is based on the portion of the second plurality of optical subcarriers.
In some implementations, the method further includes amplitude modulating the first plurality of optical subcarriers at a third frequency.
In some implementations, the method further includes filtering signals, at the receiver, associated with the third frequency.
In some implementations, each of the first plurality of optical subcarriers is a Nyquist subcarrier.
In some implementations, third control information is associated with the third frequency and the optical component is a first optical component. The method further includes transmitting the first plurality of subcarriers to a second optical component, and detecting the third control information at the third optical component.
In another aspect, one or more non-transitory computer readable media stores instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a number of operations. The operations include generating a plurality of optical subcarriers, amplitude modulating the plurality of optical subcarriers at a first frequency to carry first control information, amplitude modulating the plurality of optical subcarriers at a second frequency to carry second control information, and transmitting the plurality of subcarriers on a first optical communication path. The operations also includes receiving the plurality of optical subcarriers from the first optical communication path at a receiver, detecting the first and second control information at the receiver, generating a second plurality of optical subcarriers, amplitude modulating the second plurality of optical subcarriers based on the second control information, transmitting the second plurality of optical subcarriers on a second optical communication path, and detecting the second control information at an optical component coupled to the second optical communication path.
Implementations of this aspect can include one or more of the following features.
In some implementations, the method further includes forwarding the second control information from the optical component to a network management system.
In some implementations, the method further includes providing a portion of each of the second plurality of optical subcarriers with an optical tap.
In some implementations, said detecting the second control information at the optical component is based on the portion of the second plurality of optical subcarriers.
In some implementations, the method further includes amplitude modulating the first plurality of optical subcarriers at a third frequency.
In some implementations, the method further includes filtering signals, at the receiver, associated with the third frequency.
In some implementations, each of the first plurality of optical subcarriers is a Nyquist subcarrier.
In some implementations, third control information is associated with the third frequency and the optical component is a first optical component. The method further includes transmitting the first plurality of subcarriers to a second optical component, and detecting the third control information at the third optical component.
In some implementations, the method further includes transmitting the third control information to a network management system.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.
Consistent with the present disclosure, control or communication paths are provided to transceivers installed in host equipment or added to node equipment to enable outside central software to exchange information with the transceivers directly. As a result, the central software can monitor and control the transceivers independently of and augment the control or communication signals that may be provided by the node equipment. The data paths disclosed herein also enable a line system component near a hub (or leaf) node to send to and receive directly from a transceiver located in the hub (or leaf) node also without access through the node equipment. Moreover, the data paths disclosed herein also facilitate exchange of control and management information between transceivers, such as transceivers provided in hub and leaf nodes. Further, since the data paths are independent of the node equipment bi-directional communication of control information can occur simultaneously without direct coordination between the transceivers and the node equipment. Customers may, therefore, combine transceivers or transceiver modules and node equipment from different vendors to thereby optimize performance and/or minimize costs.
The data paths may be realized through several example mechanisms that reduce or prevent interference between the data paths. In one example, a first data path between line system components and the transceivers is implemented with a low rate amplitude modulated signal that is superimposed on high data rate optical signal output from the transceivers. In addition, a second data path is implemented through polarization modulation, e.g., polarization shift keying, of an optical signal that is also output from the transceiver.
In a further example, control information is exchanged over a first data path between a transceiver (hub or leaf) and a line system component by way of a first amplitude modulation over a first band of frequencies or at a first frequency. The first amplitude modulation is superimposed on optical signals output from the transceiver module. The second data path is implemented, for example, by a second amplitude modulation over a second band of frequencies or a second frequency. The second amplitude modulation is further superimposed on the optical signals output from the transceiver along with the first amplitude modulation. The second amplitude modulation facilitates communication over a data path, for example, between transceivers.
Example data paths are discussed in greater detail below and shown in the drawings. Namely,
In addition,
In a further example, amplitude modulation at the first frequency or over the first band of frequencies is associated with communication between a secondary or leaf node and a line system component in a second direction; amplitude modulation at the second frequency or over a second band of frequencies is associated with communication between one or more secondary node or leaf nodes and the hub or primary node in the second direction; and an amplitude modulation at the third frequency or over the third band of frequencies is associated with communication between a line system component and the primary or hub node in the second direction. Such communication in the second direction may be carried out on a second optical communication path.
Before describing the above noted data paths, an example optical communication system will next be described in which such data paths may be provided. In particular,
As described below with reference to
OGW 103-1 outputs signal DS to one or more optical links, line system components, such as one or more optical amplifiers (e.g., erbium doped optical amplifiern as), wavelength selective switches (WSSs), power splitters and/or combiners, and optical multiplexers and/or demultiplexers (e.g., an arrayed waveguide grating). Such components are represented in
OGW 103-2 may operate in a manner similar to that described above with respect to OGW 103-1 to supply control information on link 117-1 to control software 111 and to separately supply the same or different control information to secondary transceivers 108. In addition, OGW 103-2 may operate in a manner similar to that of OGW 103-1 to receive control information from central software 111 via link 117-2, and separately receive the same or different control information from transceivers 108. Links 117-1 and 117-2 may carry the same type of signals as links 116-1 and 116-2.
As further shown in
Optical signals US′-1 to US′-n may be combined by a combiner in OGW 103-2, and output, in combined form as upstream optical signal US, to sub-system 105. Optical signal US may then be provided to OGW 103-2, which outputs optical signal US onto fiber link 115-2, which supplies optical signal US to primary transceiver 106.
As shown in
A first example of a data path implementation will next be described with reference to
As discussed in greater detail below, optical subcarriers SC1 to SC8 are generated by modulating light output from a laser. The frequency of such laser output light is f0 and is typically a center frequency such that half the subcarrier subcarriers, e.g., f5 to f8, are above f0 and half the subcarrier frequencies, e.g., f1 to f4, are below f0.
As further shown in
Various mechanisms may be employed to amplitude modulate optical subcarriers SC1 to SC8. Several examples of such mechanisms will next be described. First, however, a description of the operation of transmitter module 955 provided in primary transceiver 106 will next be described with reference to
As further shown in
Each of DACs 904 is operable to output second electrical signals based on the first electrical signals supplied by the Tx DSP 902. The D/A and optics block 901 also includes modulator driver circuitry 906 (“driver circuits 906”) corresponding to each of Mach-Zehnder modulator driver (MZMD) 906-1, 906-2, 906-3, and 906-4. Each of driver circuits 906 is operable to output third electrical signals based on the second electrical signals output by each of the DAC 904.
The D/A and optics block 901 includes optical modulator circuitry 910 (“modulator 910”) corresponding to each of MZM 910-1, 910-2, 910-3, and 910-4. Each of modulators 910 is operable to supply or output first and second modulated optical signals based on the third electrical signals. The first modulated optical signal includes multiple optical subcarriers 300 carrying user data and is modulated to include control data to be transmitted between nodes of system 100, and the second modulated optical signal is, for example, polarization modulated, such as polarization shift-keyed (PolSK), based on the second (control) data. Generation and detection of the second modulated optical signal is described in further detail below with respect to
Each of the modulators 910-1 to 910-4 of D/A and optics block 901 may be a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) that modulates the phase and/or amplitude of the light output from laser 908. As further shown in
The first portion of the light is further split into third and fourth portions, such that the third portion is modulated by MZM 910-1 to provide an in-phase (I) component of an X (or TE) polarization component of a modulated optical signal, and the fourth portion is modulated by MZM 910-2 and fed to phase shifter 912-1 to shift the phase of such light by 90 degrees in order to provide a quadrature (Q) component of the X polarization component of the modulated optical signal.
Similarly, the second portion of the light is further split into fifth and sixth portions, such that the fifth portion is modulated by MZM 910-3 to provide an I component of a Y (or TM) polarization component of the modulated optical signal, and the sixth portion is modulated by MZM 910-4 and fed to phase shifter 912-2 to shift the phase of such light by 90 degrees to provide a Q component of the Y polarization component of the modulated optical signal.
The optical outputs of MZMs 910-1 and 910-2 are combined to provide an X polarized optical signal including I and Q components and fed to a polarization beam combiner (PBC) 914 provided in block 901. In addition, the outputs of MZMs 910-3 and 910-4 are combined to provide an optical signal that is fed to polarization rotator 913, further provided in block 901, that rotates the polarization of such optical signal to provide a modulated optical signal having a Y (or TM) polarization. The Y polarized modulated optical signal is also provided to PBC 914, which combines the X and Y polarized modulated optical signals to provide a polarization multiplexed (“dual-pol”) modulated optical signal onto optical fiber 916. In some examples, optical fiber 916 may be included as a segment of optical fiber in an example optical communication path of system 100.
In some implementations, the polarization multiplexed optical signal output from D/A and optics block 901 includes subcarriers SC0-SC8 (of
Several examples of amplitude modulation of subcarriers SC1 to SC8 consistent with the present disclosure (see
In another example, a variable optical attenuator (VOA) 915 may be provided to receive an optical signal including subcarriers SC1 to SC8 output from polarization beam combiner 914. VOA 915 may operable to adjust or vary the attenuation of the subcarriers based on a control signal supplied thereto. By varying the attenuation experienced by optical subcarriers SC1 to SC8, the amplitude or intensity of such subcarriers may be adjusted or controlled, such that subcarriers SC1 to SC8 are amplitude modulated to carry control information based on the control signal supplied to VOA 915.
Transmitter 955 may be provided in module 917, which may also house a receiver portion of primary transceiver 106. Although VOA 915 is shown inside module 917, it is understood that VOA 915 may be provided outside module 917 to provide amplitude modulation of subcarriers SC1 to SC8 external to module 917.
In another example, amplitude modulation may be achieved by providing an amplitude modulation (AM) signal generator 992 which provides each of outputs AMO-1 to AMO-4 to a respective input of DACs 904-1 to 904-4. These signals are generated in such a way that DACs 904 output analog signals that include an amplitude modulation overlaying or superimposed on the data carrying DAC outputs. Based on such DAC outputs, Mach-Zehnder modulator driver circuits (MZMDs) 906, in turn, output drive signal to MZMs 910, as noted above. Accordingly, the combined MZM outputs supply optical subcarriers superimposed with an amplitude modulation based on the outputs of signal generator 992 (see also
AM signal generator portion 992-1 provides an input to DAC 904-1 and is shown in detail in
It is understood that circuitry similar to that shown in
Each of FEC encoders 1002-0 to 1002-8 provides an output to a corresponding one of multiple bits to symbol circuits, 1004-0 to 1004-8 (collectively referred to herein as “1004”). Each of bits to symbol circuits 1004 may map the encoded bits to symbols on a complex plane. For example, bits to symbol circuits 1004 may map four bits to a symbol in a dual-polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM, m being a positive integer) constellation, such as 8-QAM, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM. Each of bits to symbol circuits 1004 provides first symbols, having the complex representation XI+j*XQ, associated with a respective one of the data input, such as D0, to DSP portion 1003. Data indicative of such first symbols may carried by the X polarization component of each subcarrier SC0-SC8.
Each of bits to symbol circuits 1004 may further provide second symbols having the complex representation YI+j*YQ, also associated with a corresponding one of data inputs D0 to D8. Data indicative of such second symbols, however, is carried by the Y polarization component of each of subcarriers SC-0 to SC-8.
As further shown in
Each overlap and save buffer 1005 supplies an output, which is in the time domain, to a corresponding one of fast Fourier Transform (FFT) circuits 1006-0 to 1006-8 (collectively referred to as “FFTs 1006”). In one example, the output includes 256 symbols or another number of symbols. Each of FFTs 1006 converts the received symbols to the frequency domain using or based on, for example, a fast Fourier transform. Each of FFTs 1006 may include 256 memories or registers, also referred to as frequency bins or points, that store frequency components associated with the input symbols. Each of replicator components 1007-0 to 1007-8 may replicate the 256 frequency components associated with of FFTs 1006 and store such components in 512 or another number of frequency bins (e.g., for T/2 based filtering of the subcarrier) in a respective one of the plurality of replicator components. Such replication may increase the sample rate. In addition, replicator components or circuits 1007-0 to 1007-8 may arrange or align the contents of the frequency bins to fall within the bandwidths associated with pulse shaped filter circuits 1008-0 to 1008-8 described below.
Each of pulse shape filter circuits 1008-0 to 1008-8 may apply a pulse shaping filter to the data stored in the 512 frequency bins of a respective one of the plurality of replicator components 1007-0 to 1007-8 to thereby provide a respective one of multiple filtered outputs, which are multiplexed and subject to an inverse FFT, as described below. Pulse shape filter circuits 1008-1 to 1008-8 calculate the transitions between the symbols and the desired subcarrier spectrum so that the subcarriers can be spectrally packed together for transmission, e.g., with a close frequency separation. Pulse shape filter circuits 1008-0 to 1008-8 may also be used to introduce timing skew between the subcarriers to correct for timing skew induced by links between nodes shown in
The output of memory 1009 is fed to block 903-3, which includes, in this example, IFFT circuit or component 1010-1. IFFT circuit 1010-1 may receive the element vector and provide a corresponding time domain signal or data based on an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). In one example, the time domain signal may have a rate of 64 G Sample/s. Take last buffer or memory circuit 1011-1 may select the last 1024 or another number of samples from an output of IFFT component or circuit 1010-1 and supply the samples to DACs 904-1 and 904-2 at 64 G Sample/s, for example. As noted above, DAC 904-1 is associated with the in-phase (I) component of the X pol signal and DAC 904-2 is associated with the quadrature (Q) component of the Y pol signal. Accordingly, consistent with the complex representation XI+jXQ, DAC 904-1 receives values associated with XI and DAC 904-2 receives values associated with jXQ. Based on these inputs, DACs 904-1 and 904-2 provide analog outputs to MZMD 906-1 and MZMD 906-2, respectively, as discussed above.
As further shown in
Block 903-3 also receives outputs from block 903-2 as noted above and discussed in greater detail below with respect to
While
A further example of circuitry that may be employed to amplitude modulation subcarriers SC1 to SC8 to carry control information will next be described with reference to
In some implementations, the gain of each multiplier 1020 is software programmable (or may be implemented in firmware) along with a frequency shaping function in a filter 1018 preceding the multiplexing performed by multiplexer or memory 1019.
Preferably, in the example shown in
Reception and transmission of control information at a line system component, such as optical gateway (OGW) 103-1 will next be described with reference to
As shown in
Transmission of control information from OGW 103-1 to either transceiver 106 or one of transceivers 108 will next be described. Control information is provided based on the status of the line system component or other information associated with the line system component. Such information may include operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) information, such as, if line system component is adjacent an optical amplifier, the gain of the amplifier or which optical signals (by wavelength) are input to the amplifier. Alternatively, the control information may include an indication of which optical signals and subcarriers are input to/output from which ports of a WSS. Such information may be supplied to circuitry in microprocessor or microcontroller 702 referred to as a line system data generator 704, which control data that is to be transmitted to a near end transceiver, for example. The line system generator may provide the control data based on measured parameters associated with optical communication path or fiber links 705 and/or 703, for example. Alternatively, control information may be supplied to line system generator 704 by central software 111. In a further example, control information may be supplied directly from the central software to DAC 706. In any event, OGW 103-1 typically transmits control information to the transceiver closest to it, namely primary transceiver 106. OGW 103-2, having a similar construction as OGW 103-1, transmits control information to one or more of transceivers 108, which are closest to OGW 103-2.
Line system data generator 704 may supply the control information as a digital or binary electrical signal to a digital-to-analog conversion circuit 706, which converts the received signal to an analog signal indicative of the control information to be transmitted. The analog signal is then provided to variable optical attenuator (VOA) 708-2, for example via an optical input port 718-1 (e.g., an interface for receiving optical signals). VOA 706-2 may also receive an optical signal including a plurality of subcarriers SC1′ to SC8′, each having a corresponding one of frequencies f1′ to f8′, for example via an optical input port 718-2. In this example, subcarriers SC1′ to SC8′ are transmitted from one or more of secondary transceivers 108 on optical fiber or optical communication path 703. Based on the analog signal received via the input port 718-1, VOA 706-2 collectively adjusts the attenuation, and thus the amplitude or intensity, of subcarriers SC1′ to SC8′ based on the control information. As a result, subcarriers SC1′ to SC8′ are amplitude modulated to carry such control information to a receiver in either primary transceiver 106 or a receiver in one or more of secondary transceivers 108.
Detection of an optical signal including amplitude modulated subcarriers transmitted on optical communication path 705 from a near end transceiver, such as subcarriers SC1 to SC8 transmitted from primary node transceiver 106, will next be described. The optical signal is input to optical tap 710, which may provide an optical power split portion of the optical signal, e.g., 1% to 10%, to a photodiode circuit 711. A remaining portion of the optical signal continues to propagate along optical communication path 705. VOA 708-1 may optionally be provided for power balancing. For example, the VOA 708-1 can receive the signal output by the optical tap 710 via an optical input port 720-1, and attenuate the signal according to an analog signal 722 received via the optical input port 720-2 (e.g., control information received from on more sources).
As further shown in
A parameter associated with line system component may be adjusted or controlled based on the received control information. For example, if the line system component includes an optical amplifier, such as an erbium doped fiber amplifier, the control information may include instructions or other data for adjusting a gain of the optical amplifier. Alternatively, or in addition, the control information may include information for adjusting an attenuation of VOA 708-1.
Detection of amplitude modulated subcarriers output from OGW 103-1 will next be described with reference to
Referring now to
In one example, one laser may be provided that is “shared” between the transmitter and receiver portions in transceivers 106 and/or transceivers 108. For example, a splitter 999 can provide a first portion of light output from laser 908 to the MZMs 910 in the transmitter portion of the transceiver. Further, the splitter 999 can provide a second portion of such light acting as a local oscillator signal fed to 90 degree optical hybrids 1120 in the receiver portion of the transceiver, as shown in
The block 1100 also includes trans-impedance amplifiers/automatic gain control circuits 1134 (“TIA/AGC 1134”) corresponding to TIA/AGC 1134-1 and 1134-2, analog-to-digital conversion circuitry 1140 (“ADC 1140”) corresponding to ADCs 1140-1 and 1140-2, and an Rx DSP 1150. ADCs 1140-1 and 1140-2 may be referred to generally as ADCs 1140 and individually as ADC 1140.
Polarization beam splitter (PBS) 1105 may include a polarization splitter that receives an input polarization multiplexed optical signal including optical subcarriers SC0 to SC8 supplied by optical fiber link 1101, which may be, for example, an optical fiber segment as part of one of optical communication paths of system 100. PBS 1105 may split the incoming optical signal into the two X and Y orthogonal polarization components. The Y component may be supplied to a polarization rotator 1106 that rotates the polarization of the Y component to have the X polarization. Hybrid mixers 1120 may combine the X and rotated Y polarization components with light from local oscillator laser 1110. For example, hybrid mixer 1120-1 may combine a first polarization signal (e.g., the component of the incoming optical signal having a first or X (TE) polarization output from a first port of PBS 1105) with light from local oscillator laser 1110, and hybrid mixer 1120-2 may combine the rotated polarization signal (e.g., the component of the incoming optical signal having a second or Y (TM) polarization output from a second port of PBS 1105) with the light from local oscillator laser 1110.
Detectors 1130 may detect mixing products output from the optical hybrids, to form corresponding voltage signals, which are subject to AC coupling by capacitors 1132-1 and 1132-2, as well as amplification and gain control by TIA/AGCs 1134-1 and 1134-2. In some implementations, the TIA/AGCs 1134 are used to smooth out or correct variations in the electrical signals output from detector 1130 and AC coupling capacitors 1132. Accordingly, in one example, since the amplitude modulation of the received subcarriers may manifest itself as such variations, the control information associated with such amplitude modulation may be derived based on the magnitude or the amount of correction of such electrical signals. Accordingly, as shown in
As further shown in
While
Consistent with the present disclosure, in order to demodulate subcarriers SC0 to SC8, local oscillator laser 1110 may be tuned to output light having a wavelength or frequency relatively close to one or more of the subcarrier wavelengths or frequencies to thereby cause a beating between the local oscillator light and the subcarriers.
In one of the example, the local oscillator laser may be a semiconductor laser, which may be tuned thermally or through current adjustment. If thermally tuned, the temperature of the local oscillator laser 1110 is controlled with a thin film heater, for example, provided adjacent the local oscillator laser. Alternatively, the current supplied to the laser may be controlled, if the local oscillator laser is current tuned. The local oscillator laser 1110 may be a semiconductor laser, such as a distributed feedback laser or a distributed Bragg reflector laser.
Alternatively, control information carried by the above the above-described amplitude modulation may also be detected with a mean square detector (“MSD”) circuit 1160 discussed in greater detail with respect to
By calculating the average power, as noted above, changes in such average power may also be determined and interpreted as the above-described amplitude modulation. Convention processing of such amplitude modulation, optionally within the MDS circuit 1160, may be employed to provide the control data associated with such amplitude modulation (“LD Data” in
As shown in
As noted above, both X and Y polarization components of each optical subcarrier are amplitude modulated. The circuitry shown in
Returning to
As noted above, consistent with the present disclosure, control information is communicated between the transceivers in the primary (102)/secondary nodes (104) and line system components by way of amplitude modulation of the subcarriers. Communication between the primary node transceiver 106 and the secondary transceiver 108 will next be described.
As discussed in greater detail below, both subcarriers SC1 to SC8 and optical signals OOB1 to OOB8 may be generated in accordance with modulator drive signal based electrical signals output from DSP 902, for example. Thus, first control information associated with the above described amplitude modulation may be transmitted in parallel or concurrently with second control information carried by optical signals OOB-1 to OOB-8, as well as user data carried by subcarriers SC1 to SC8. Moreover, one laser and modulator combination may be used to generate both the subcarriers and optical signals OOB1 to OOB8. Additional lasers are not required to generate a control channel.
As seen in
Although polarization modulation of optical signal OOB-1 is described above, it is understood that remaining optical signals OOB-2 to OOB-8 may similarly be polarization modulated to transmit ‘0’ and ‘1’ bits in the same manner as that described above to provide communication of control information to secondary transceivers 108.
Transmission OOB signals will next be described in further detail with reference to
Blocks 903-1 and 903-3 of Tx DSP 902 are described above with reference to
As shown in
The outputs of FFT 1308-1 are provided to IFFT 1010-1, and the outputs of FFT 1308-2 are provided to IFFT 1010-2. Further processing by IFFT 1010-1 and IFFT-2, lake last buffers or memory circuits 1011-1 and 1011-2, DACs 904, and driver circuits 906 is described above with respect to
In particular, when a ‘1’, for example, is to be transmitted on signal OOB-1, the Y-polarization component has a maximum amount of optical energy, while the X polarization component has a minimal amount of optical energy, as noted above. To generate such X and Y components, drive signals are provided such that over frequencies associated with signal OOB-1, X polarized light is passed from laser 908 through modulators 910-3 and 910-4, polarization rotated to have a Y polarization and then output through polarization beam combiner (PBC) 914. Modulators 910-1 and 910-2, however, substantially block such light at such frequencies, such that no light or little light having an X polarization is input to PBC 914 for output onto fiber 916. Accordingly, at the frequencies associated with OOB-1, light having the Y polarization is output onto fiber 916.
On the other hand, when a ‘0’, for example, is to be transmitted on signal OOB-1, the X-polarization component has a maximum amount of optical energy, while the Y polarization component has a minimal amount of optical energy, as further noted above. To generate such X and Y components, drive signals are provided such that over frequencies associated with signal OOB-1, X polarized light is passed from laser 908 through modulators 910-1 and 910-2 and then output through polarization beam combiner (PBC) 914. Modulators 910-3 and 910-4, however, substantially block such light at such frequencies, such that no light or little light having an Y polarization is input to PBC 914 for output onto fiber 916. Therefore, at the frequencies associated with OOB-1, light having the Y polarization is output onto fiber 916.
As noted above with respect to
As shown in
The frequency components may then then be demultiplexed, and groups of such components may be supplied to a respective one of chromatic dispersion equalizer circuits CDEQ 1212-1-0 to 1212-1-8 as inputs to block 1403. Each of the CDEQ circuits may include a finite impulse response (FIR) filter that corrects, offsets or reduces the effects of, or errors associated with chromatic dispersion of the transmitted optical subcarriers. Each of CDEQ circuits 1212-1-0 to 1212-1-8 supplies an output to a corresponding polarization mode dispersion (PMD) equalizer circuit 1225-0 to 1225-8.
It is noted that digital samples output from A/D circuits 1140-2 associated with Y polarization components of subcarrier SC1 may be processed in a similar manner to that of digital samples output from A/D circuits 1140-1 and associated with the X polarization component of each subcarrier. Namely, overlap and save buffer 1205-2, FFT 1210-2 and CDEQ circuits 1212-2-0 to 1212-2-8 may have a similar structure and operate in a similar fashion as buffer 1205-1, FFT 1210-1 and CDEQ circuits 1212-1-0 to 1212-1-8, respectively. For example, each of CDEQ circuits 1212-2-0 to 1212-8 may include an FIR filter that corrects, offsets, or reduces the effects of, or errors associated with chromatic dispersion of the transmitted optical subcarriers. In addition, each of CDEQ circuits 1212-2-0 to 1212-2-8 provide an output to a corresponding one of PMDEQ 1225-0 to 1225-8.
As further shown in
Each of PMDEQ circuits 1225 may include another FIR filter that corrects, offsets or reduces the effects of, or errors associated with PMD of the transmitted optical subcarriers. Each of PMDEQ circuits 1225 may supply a first output to a respective one of IFFT components or circuits 1230-0-1 to 1230-8-1 and a second output to a respective one of IFFT components or circuits 1230-0-2 to 1230-8-2, each of which may convert a 256 element vector, in this example, back to the time domain as 256 samples in accordance with, for example, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).
Time domain signals or data output from IFFT 1230-0-1 to 1230-8-1 are supplied to a corresponding one of Xpol carrier phase correction circuits 1240-1-1 to 1240-8-1, which may apply carrier recovery techniques to compensate for X polarization transmitter (e.g., laser 908) and receiver (e.g., local oscillator laser 1110) linewidths. In some implementations, each carrier phase correction circuit 1240-1-1 to 1240-8-1 may compensate or correct for frequency and/or phase differences between the X polarization of the transmit signal and the X polarization of light from the local oscillator 1110 based on an output of Xpol carrier recovery circuit 1240-0-1, which performs carrier recovery in connection with one of the subcarrier based on the outputs of IFFT 1230-01. After such X polarization carrier phase correction, the data associated with the X polarization component may be represented as symbols having the complex representation xi+j*xq in a constellation, such as a QPSK constellation or a constellation associated with another modulation formation, such as an m-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), m being an integer. In some implementations, the taps of the FIR filter included in one or more of PMDEQ circuits 1225 may be updated based on the output of at least one of carrier phase correction circuits 1240-0-1 to 1240-8-01.
In a similar manner, time domain signals or data output from IFFT 1230-0-2 to 1230-8-2 are supplied to a corresponding one of Ypol carrier phase correction circuits 1240-0-2 to 1240-8-2, which may compensate or correct for Y polarization transmitter (e.g., laser 908) and receiver (e.g., local oscillator laser 1110) linewidths. In some implementations, each carrier phase correction circuit 1240-0-2 to 1240-8-2 may also corrector or compensate or correct for frequency and/or phase differences between the Y polarization of the transmit signal and the Y polarization of light from the local oscillator laser 1110. After such Y polarization carrier phase correction, the data associated with the Y polarization component may be represented as symbols having the complex representation yi+j*yq in a constellation, such as a QPSK constellation or a constellation associated with another modulation formation, such as an m-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), m being an integer. In some implementations, the output of one of circuits 1240-0-2 to 1240-8-2 may be used to update the taps of the FIR filter included in one or more of PMDEQ circuits 1225 instead of or in addition to the output of at least one of the carrier recovery circuits 1240-0-1 to 1240-8-1.
As further shown in
Each of the symbols to bits circuits or components 1245-0-1 to 1245-8-1 may receive the symbols output from a corresponding one of circuits 1240-0-1 to 1240-8-1 and map the symbols back to bits. For example, each of the symbol to bits components 1245-0-1 to 1245-8-1 may map one X polarization symbol, in a QPSK or m-QAM constellation, to Z bits, where Z is an integer. For dual-polarization QPSK modulated subcarriers, Z is four. Bits output from each of component 1245-0-1 to 1245-8-1 are provided to a corresponding one of FEC decoder circuits 1260-0 to 1260-8.
Y polarization symbols are output form a respective one of circuits 1240-0-2 to 1240-8-2, each of which having the complex representation yi+j*yq associated with data carried by the Y polarization component. Each Y polarization, like the X polarization symbols noted above, may be provided to symbols to a corresponding one of bit to symbol circuits or components 1245-0-2 to 1245-8-2, each of which having a similar structure and operating a similar manner as symbols to bits component 1245-0-1 to 1245-8-1. Each of circuits 1245-0-2 to 1245-8-2 may provide an output to a corresponding one of FEC decoder circuits 1260-0 to 1260-8.
Each of FEC decoder circuits 1260 may remove errors in the outputs of symbol to bit circuits 1245 using forward error correction. Such error corrected bits, which may include user data for output to or output from secondary node 108, may be supplied as a corresponding one of outputs D0 to D8 from block 1403.
As further shown in
While
In the above First Data Path Implementation Example, the optical subcarriers output from a transceiver, such as primary transceiver 106, are subject to amplitude modulation to carry control information associated with a first data path, e.g., data path CC1 in
As further shown in
In addition, OGW 103-1 may also amplitude modulate the optical subcarriers passing therethrough at a frequency in band A to further provide control information, such as from central software 111, as further noted above, to primary transceiver 106 (arrow 1804).
Generation of multiple amplitude modulated data paths will next be described. As noted above, the optical subcarriers can be amplitude modulated, collectively, to carry control information associated with a particular data path (see
Returning to
Circuitry 1992 also includes, for example, multiplier circuit 1902-2 that multiplies control information CD2 by a cosine function, cos(ωCt), where ωC is indicative of a frequency of another amplitude modulation and t is time. For example, we may correspond to a frequency within band C for transmission of control information to transceivers 108 via OGW 103-1, sub-system 105, and OGW 103-2 (arrow 1812 in
It is understood that additional circuitry similar to that shown in
OGW-1 and OGW-2 in
Moreover, one or more of secondary transceivers 108 may include transmitter circuitry, similar to circuitry 1992, to amplitude modulate subcarrier(s) output therefrom with multiple amplitude modulation frequencies (see arrows 1806 and 1808), each corresponding to a respective control data stream or data path.
Detection of control information carried by amplitude modulated subcarriers at a receiver, such as module 1155, in primary node 106 will next be described with reference to
As shown in
Circuitry 2002 is provided to detect and output control information associated with the X polarization component of the optical subcarriers. As noted above, however, each optical subcarrier also has a Y polarization component, which is also amplitude modulated. It is understood, that circuitry similar to circuitry 2002 is provided, for example, to output control information associated with the amplitude modulation of the Y polarization component of each optical subcarrier.
An example implementation of the data path connections, CC3, CC4, CC1, CC5, and CC2 that facilitate control channel communication between secondary transceiver 108-n and network management system 109 (and central software 111) will next be described. As noted above, secondary transceivers 108, such as transceiver 108-n output optical subcarriers carrying data, such as one or more of optical subcarriers SC1 to SC8, and such subcarriers may be amplitude modulated at a first frequency, such as a frequency in band C, to carry first control information. In addition, the subcarriers may be further amplitude modulated at a second frequency, such as a frequency in band B, to carry second control information. Such amplitude modulated optical signals are generated by circuitry similar to that shown in
As noted above with respect to
Alternatively, control information CD1 may be input to AM signal generator 992, to amplitude modulate the optical subcarriers in a manner similar to that described with reference to
Thus, in the above example, control information is provided, along with user data carried by the optical subcarriers, without additional optical or electrical components, from a transceiver to the central software in a manner that bypasses the node equipment housing such transceiver. Moreover, by amplitude modulating the optical subcarriers to carry the control information, more capacity is made available for transmission of user data. In addition, although the above example employed amplitude modulation to carry the control information from secondary transceiver 108-n to primary transceiver 106, polarization modulation, such as polarization shift keying, as described above, may be employed to carry such control information, to implement data path CC3.
Similar data paths may be employed in the opposite direction as that described above to transmit control information from central software 111 to the transceiver. Alternatively, as described previously, control information may be provided to/from the central software via an optical gateway (OGW) nearest the transceiver intended for such control information.
It is noted that amplitude modulation at frequencies associated with control information intended for central software 111 may propagate from, for example, primary transceiver 106 to one or more of secondary transceivers 108. Since such control information is not intended for receipt at secondary transceivers 108, bandpass filters 1182 and 1183, for example, are configured to block or filter out frequencies associated with that control information. Accordingly, in the above example, control information for output to central software 111 is associated with amplitude modulation frequencies band B. Since, each OGW includes a tap to detect such amplitude modulation (see
According to the process 2100, a plurality of optical subcarriers are generated (step 2102). Example optical sub-carriers are shown and described, for instance, with respect to
Further, the plurality of optical subcarriers are amplitude modulated at a first frequency to carry first control information (step 2104). Further, the plurality of optical subcarriers are amplitude modulated at a second frequency to carry second control information (step 2106). Example systems and techniques for amplitude modulating the plurality of optical subcarriers according to two different respective frequencies are shown and described, for instance, with respect to
Further, the plurality of subcarriers are transmitted on a first optical communication path (step 2108). The plurality of optical subcarriers are received from the first optical communication path at a receiver (step 2110). As an example, the plurality of subcarriers can be transmitted on an optical communication path from a primary node (e.g., having a primary transceiver or transmitter) to one or more secondary nodes (e.g., each having a respective secondary transceiver or receiver). As another example, the plurality of subcarriers can be transmitted on an optical communication path from a secondary node (e.g., having a secondary transceiver or transmitter) to a primary node (e.g., having a primary transceiver or receiver).
Further, the first and second control information are detected at the receiver (step 2112). Example systems and techniques for detecting control information amplitude encoded according to two different respective frequencies are shown and described, for instance, with respect to
Further, a second plurality of optical subcarriers is generated (step 2114). Example optical sub-carriers are shown and described, for instance, with respect to
Further, the second plurality of optical subcarriers is amplitude modulated based on the second control information (step 2116). Example systems and techniques for amplitude modulating the second plurality of optical subcarriers are shown and described, for instance, with respect to
Further, the second plurality of optical subcarriers is transmitted on a second optical communication path (step 2118). As an example, the plurality of subcarriers can be transmitted on an optical communication path from the secondary node (e.g., having a secondary transceiver or transmitter) back to the primary node (e.g., having a primary transceiver or receiver). As another example, the plurality of subcarriers can be transmitted on an optical communication path from the primary node (e.g., having a primary transceiver or transmitter) back to a second node nodes (e.g., having a second transceiver or receiver).
Further, the second control information is detected at an optical component coupled to the second optical communication path (step 2120). Example systems and techniques for detecting amplitude encoded control information are shown and described, for instance, with respect to
In some implementations, the process 2100 can also include forwarding the second control information from the optical component to a network management system.
In some implementations, the process 2100 can also include providing a portion of each of the second plurality of optical subcarriers with an optical tap (e.g., as shown and described with respect to
In some implementations, the process 2100 can include amplitude modulating the first plurality of optical subcarriers at a third frequency.
In some implementations, the process 2100 can include filtering signals, at the receiver, associated with the third frequency.
In some implementations, each of the first plurality of optical subcarriers can be a Nyquist subcarrier.
In some implementations, third control information can be associated with the third frequency and the optical component is a first optical component. Further, the process 2100 can include transmitting the first plurality of subcarriers to a second optical component, and detecting the third control information at the third optical component.
In some implementations, the process 2100 can include transmitting the third control information to a network management system.
Various aspects of the disclosure and the functional operations described in this specification may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. Likewise, various aspects of the disclosure may be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer-readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer readable medium may be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more of them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus may include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus.
In some instances, various processes and logic flows described in this specification may be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows may also be performed by, and apparatus may also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).
Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for performing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Moreover, a computer may be embedded in another device, e.g., a tablet computer, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile audio player, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, to name just a few. Computer readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media, and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.
Although a few implementations have been described in detail above, other modifications are possible. For example, the logic flows depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In addition, other actions may be provided, or actions may be eliminated, from the described flows, and other components may be added to, or removed from, the described systems.
Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system modules and components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
In some cases, various features described in connection with different embodiments may be combined in the same implementation. Further, as the foregoing implementations are intended as examples, various features may be omitted in some cases, and/or additional features may be present in some cases.
Thus, although particular examples of the subject matter have been described, other implementations are within the scope of the claims.
Particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. As one example, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/847,651, filed May 14, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200366378 A1 | Nov 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62847651 | May 2019 | US |
