Patent Application
20230336104
The present application claims the benefit of priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202210408796.9, filed on Apr. 19, 2022, and the entire contents of the above-identified application are incorporated by reference as if set forth herein.
The present disclosure generally relates to motor drive circuits and, more specifically, to overcurrent protection circuits for a motor and related control devices, remote electrical tilt system sand base station antennas.
Cellular communications systems are well known in the art. In a cellular communications system, a geographic area is divided into a series of sections that are referred to as “cells” which are served by respective base stations. The base station may include one or more base station antennas that are configured to provide two-way radio frequency (“RF”) communications with mobile subscribers that are within the cell served by the base station.
Remote electrical tilt (RET) antennas are widely used as a base station antenna in cellular communication systems. Before the introduction of RET antennas, technicians had to physically climb up the antenna tower where conventional base station antennas were installed and manually adjust the mechanical mounting angle of the antennas in order to adjust the coverage area of the antennas. In general, the coverage area of the antenna is adjusted by changing the so-called “downtilt angle” of the antenna. This angle is the angle in the elevation plane where the visual axis of the antenna beam generated by the antenna directionally points. The introduction of RET antennas allows cellular operators to electrically adjust the downtilt angle of the antenna beam by sending control signals to the antennas.
A RET antenna refers to an antenna that includes a RET system. A RET system allows cellular operators to adjust the downtilt angle of the antenna beam dynamically. The RET system usually comprises a control device, a motor, a transmission mechanism, and a phase shifter for each radiating element array. The phase shifter includes a fixed element and a movable element. The control device controls the operation of the motor. The movement generated by the motor is transmitted by the transmission mechanism and converted into the movement of the movable element of the phase shifter relative to the fixed element, thereby changing the phases of respective sub-components of an RF signal that are transmitted through different sub-arrays of one or more radiating elements of the array, thus realizing adjustment of the electrical tilt of the antenna beam.
During RET operation, for example, during the motor start-up phase, in order to prevent an in-rush current from causing an impact on the drive motor and/or drive circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit is usually provided to control the in-rush current within a reasonable threshold.
However, conventional overcurrent protection measures generally rely on overcurrent protection devices that are integrated in the drive unit of the motor that cut off the drive current flowing through the motor completely during a set overcurrent protection period, thereby causing the drive torque to no longer be provided on the motor shaft and thus causing the rotational speed of the motor to drop drastically. Large fluctuations in the rotational speed of the motor may affect the stability and accuracy of the RET operation and eventually negatively affect the RET performance of the base station antenna. This is undesirable.
In addition, these conventional overcurrent protection measures generally also have a single response mode for the various run modes of the RET operation, which is also undesirable.
Therefore, among the objectives of the present disclosure is to provide an overcurrent protection circuit for a motor that is capable of overcoming at least one drawback in the prior art, as well as a related control device, RET system, and base station antenna.
According to some aspects of the present disclosure, an overcurrent protection circuit for a motor is provided. The overcurrent protection circuit may include: a first input configured to receive a first drive signal for the motor; a second input configured to receive an adjustable overcurrent protection threshold; a third input configured to receive a detection value characterizing the current flowing through the motor; an overcurrent detection module, which is configured to: connect to the second input to obtain a first comparison value related to the overcurrent protection threshold; connect to the third input to obtain a second comparison value related to the detection value; and compare the first comparison value to the second comparison value to generate a comparison output that characterizes the presence or absence of the overcurrent state; an output, which is configured to output a second drive signal that is adjusted relative to the first drive signal when in an overcurrent state to drive the motor according to the second drive signal; and a locking module, which is configured to lock the comparison output of the overcurrent detection module for a predetermined period to time in an overcurrent state, thereby locking the level state of the second drive signal.
According to some aspect of the present disclosure, a control device for a motor is provided. The control device may include a control unit, an overcurrent protection circuit according to present disclosure and a drive unit for driving the motor, in which, the control unit is configured to: provide the first drive signal for the motor to the first input of the overcurrent protection circuit, and provide the adjustable overcurrent protection threshold to the second input of the overcurrent protection circuit; in which, the drive unit is configured to: provide the detection value which characterizes the current flowing through the motor to the third input of the overcurrent protection circuit and receive the second drive signal from the output of the overcurrent protection circuit to drive the motor according to the second drive signal.
According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a RET system for a base station antenna is provided. The RET system may include: a phase shifter; a motor for driving a phase shifter rod; and the control device according to present disclosure for controlling the motor.
According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a base station antenna is provided, comprising a phase shifter and the RET system according to present disclosure.
According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a method of operating a RET system is provided, the method comprising: supplying a first drive signal to a motor of the RET system; detecting that a current supplied to the motor exceeds an overcurrent protection threshold; supplying a second drive signal to the motor in response to detecting that a current supplied to the motor exceeds an overcurrent protection threshold, wherein a level of the second drive signal is less than a level of the first drive signal.
The present disclosure will be explained in greater detail by means of specific embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. The schematic drawings are briefly described as follows:
The present disclosure will be described below with reference to the attached drawings, wherein the attached drawings illustrate certain embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be presented in many different ways and is not limited to the embodiments described below; in fact, the embodiments described below are intended to make the disclosure of the present disclosure more complete and to fully explain the protection scope of the present disclosure to those of ordinary skill in the art. It should also be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure may be combined in various ways so as to provide more additional embodiments.
It should be understood that the terms used herein are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. All terms used herein (including technical terms and scientific terms) have meanings normally understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. For brevity and/or clarity, well-known functions or structures may not be further described in detail.
As used herein, when an element is said to be “on” another element, “attached” to another element, “connected” to another element, “coupled” to another element, or “in contact with” another element, etc., the element may be directly on another element, attached to another element, connected to another element, coupled to another element, or in contact with another element, or an intermediate element may be present. In contrast, if an element is described as “directly” “on” another element, “directly attached” to another element, “directly connected” to another element, “directly coupled” to another element or “directly in contact with” another element, there will be no intermediate elements. As used herein, when one feature is arranged “adjacent” to another feature, it may mean that one feature has a part overlapping with the adjacent feature or a part located above or below the adjacent feature.
As used herein, spatial relationship terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “high,” and “low” can explain the relationship between one feature and another in the drawings. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the attached drawings, the terms expressing spatial relations also comprise different orientations of a device in use or operation. For example, when a device in the attached drawings rotates reversely, the features originally described as being “below” other features now can be described as being “above” the other features. The device may also be oriented by other means (rotated by 90 degrees or at other locations), and at this time, a relative spatial relation will be explained accordingly.
As used herein, the term “A or B” comprises “A and B” and “A or B,” not exclusively “A” or “B,” unless otherwise specified.
As used herein, the term “schematic” or “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance or explanation,” not as a “model” to be accurately copied. Any realization method described exemplarily herein may not be necessarily interpreted as being preferable or advantageous over other realization methods. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited by any expressed or implied theory given in the above technical field, background art, summary of the invention or embodiments.
As used herein, the word “basically” means including any minor changes caused by design or manufacturing defects, device or component tolerances, environmental influences, and/or other factors.
As used herein, the term “at least part” may be a part of any proportion. For example, it may be greater than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or may even be 100%.
In addition, for reference purposes only, “first,” “second” and similar terms may also be used herein, and thus are not intended to be limitative. For example, unless the context clearly indicates, the words “first,” “second” and other such numerical words involving structures or elements do not imply a sequence or order.
It should also be understood that when the term “comprise/include” is used herein, it indicates the presence of the specified feature, entirety, step, operation, unit and/or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or a plurality of other features, steps, operations, units and/or components and/or combinations thereof.
The present disclosure is directed to an overcurrent protection strategy for a motor. This overcurrent protection strategy provides adaptive adjustable overcurrent protection measures for different working conditions, thereby improving the matching degree between the run mode and the actual working condition of the motor. In addition, the overcurrent protection strategy proposed by the present disclosure is capable of improving the stability of the motor during overcurrent protection.
The overcurrent protection strategy according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is described in detail below using a base station antenna as an example. It should be understood that the overcurrent protection strategy for motors proposed by the present disclosure may be applied to a variety of technical fields that require the use of motors, for example, the fields of automated production and vehicles, etc. In addition, the overcurrent protection measure for motors proposed by the present disclosure may also be extended to other types of electrical actuators, for example, electric heaters, etc.
Embodiments of the present disclosure are now described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The base station antenna 1 may further comprise additional mechanical and electronic components arranged at the rear side of the reflector plate 3, for example, connectors, cables, phase shifters 6, a RET system for phase shifters, etc.
The RET system allows cellular operators to adjust dynamically the downtilt angle of the antenna beams generated by the radiating element arrays. The RET system may comprise a control device 5, a motor M, a transmission mechanism (comprising a phase shifter rod 7) and a phase shifter 6 (for example, a rotating brush arm phase shifter) for each radiating element array. The control device 5 may receive RET control signals from a remote location via a control interface 2, and may generate a drive signal based on the received RET control signal to drive the motor M, and may then realize the phase shifting operation of the phase shifter through the transmission mechanism 7. Each phase shifter 6 may comprise a fixed element (for example, a printed circuit board printed with a phase shift circuit), a movable element (for example, a slider) and a driving member (for example, a slider linkage). Each phase shifter may also include a power divider circuit that splits RF signals input to the phase shifter (for signals transmitted by the base station antenna) into a plurality of sub-components. The driving member may be capable of converting (or configured to convert) the movement generated by the motor and transmitted by the transmission mechanism into the movement of the movable element of the phase shifter relative to the fixed element. The movement of the movable element changes the phase of one or more of the sub-components of the RF signals that are transmitted through the phase shifter, thereby adjusting the electrical tilt. Therefore, the running stability and reliability of the motor are related to the phase shifting performance of the base station antenna 1.
Next, with reference to
The control unit 52 may be, for example, a microcontroller, which may receive RET control signals from a remote location, and which may determine a corresponding drive signal (hereinafter referred to as a first drive signal) for the motor M based on the RET control signal. In contrast to conventional overcurrent protection measures, the control unit 52 first transmits the first drive signal to the overcurrent protection circuit 54, and then transmits a second drive signal to the drive unit 56 through the overcurrent protection circuit 54. In the event of an overcurrent event, the overcurrent protection circuit 54 may transmit the second drive signal that has been adjusted relative to the first drive signal to the drive unit 56.
The drive unit 56 may drive the motor M according to the adjusted second drive signal. The drive unit 56, for example, may be configured as a special drive chip for the motor. The drive unit 56 may comprise a feeding power supply and a switching bridge connected between the feeding power supply and the motor, for example, a semiconductor switching bridge (the internal structure of the drive unit is not shown in the figure). In some embodiments, the motor may be a DC motor or an AC motor. In some embodiments, the motor may be a brushed DC motor, and the switching bridge may be an H-bridge circuit. In some embodiments, the switching bridge may be a full bridge circuit. In some embodiments, the switching bridge may be a half bridge circuit. In some embodiments, the switching bridge may be configured as an inverter to drive the AC motor. Each switch in the switching bridge may be turned on or disconnected under the control of a corresponding second drive signal to control the feeding of the feeding power supply to the motor according to the second drive signal.
In some embodiments, the first drive signal may be configured as a first PWM signal, and the second drive signal may be configured as a second PWM signal. PWM stands for pulse width modulation. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the pulse width can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the equivalent voltage value delivered to the DC motor. By adjusting the duty ratio of the second PWM signal relative to the first PWM signal, the following can be done effectively: changing the running of the motor, adjusting the power consumption, and preventing overcurrent events.
In order to prevent an overcurrent event from damaging the drive unit 56 and/or the motor M, an additional overcurrent protection circuit may be integrated into the drive unit 56 to provide overcurrent protection for detected overcurrent events. In order to detect overcurrent events, the additional overcurrent protection circuit may have a detection resistor, and the voltage value on the detection resistor may be used to determine the value of the current passing through a feed line or the motor. Overcurrent protection measures may be triggered when the voltage value on the detection resistor is greater than the predetermined protection threshold. The additional overcurrent protection circuit included in the drive unit 56 may disconnect the feed power supply from the motor via the switching bridge during the shutdown time interval predetermined by the fault timer, thereby rapidly reducing the current flowing through the feed line or motor.
However, it is not ideal to rely solely on the overcurrent protection measures of the drive unit 56. The rapid decline in current may lead to greater fluctuations in the rotational speed of the motor, thereby negatively affecting the stability and accuracy of RET operation. Additionally, various corresponding overcurrent protection modes are required for various run modes of the RET operation and/or various working conditions of the base station antenna 1.
The RET system of the present disclosure solves at least one of the above technical problems by providing an independent overcurrent protection circuit 54. As shown in
In some embodiments, the overcurrent protection threshold may be related to the ambient temperature. For example, when the ambient temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature threshold, a higher overcurrent protection threshold may be used, and when the ambient temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold, a lower overcurrent protection threshold may be used. By setting a higher overcurrent protection threshold, the motor may be capable of outputting (or enabled to output) a greater driving force to overcome additional friction resistance caused by low temperature in the transmission mechanism.
In order to obtain the ambient temperature, in some embodiments the RET system may also comprise a temperature sensor so as to detect the current ambient temperature of the base station antenna 1 in real time. It should be understood that the overcurrent protection threshold may be related to ambient humidity and/or wind speed. Accordingly, in some embodiments the RET system may also comprise a humidity sensor and/or a wind speed sensor. It will also be understood that the information regarding the ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and/or wind speed additionally or alternatively be provided to the RET system from an external source.
In some embodiments, the overcurrent protection threshold OCP_trim may be related to the run phase or selected phase of the phase shifter 6.
Accordingly, the RET system may comprise a nut position detection device so as to detect the position of the nut 12 on the phase shifter rod 7 in real time.
Next, the design scheme of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 of some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in greater detail.
As shown in
The overcurrent protection circuit 54 may include an overcurrent detection module 35 that is used to detect the overcurrent event based on the overcurrent protection threshold and detection value Isns. The overcurrent detection module 35 may comprise a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal. The first terminal may be connected to the second input 32 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 to obtain a first comparison value related to the overcurrent protection threshold. The second terminal may be connected to the third input 33 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 to obtain a second comparison value related to the detection value Isns. The overcurrent detection module 35 may compare the first comparison value with the second comparison value and generate a comparison output. The comparison output may be output through the third terminal of the overcurrent detection module 35. The comparison output may have different levels, and the presence or absence of the overcurrent state may be indicated by the different levels. In some embodiments, when the comparison output is at a low level, it may indicate that the second comparison value is greater than or equal to the first comparison value, i.e., an overcurrent event has occurred; otherwise, when the comparison output is at a high level, it is indicative that no overcurrent event has occurred.
In some embodiments, the first terminal of the overcurrent detection module 35 may be directly connected to the second input 32 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54. In such embodiments, the first comparison value may be basically equal to the overcurrent protection threshold.
In some embodiments, the first terminal of the overcurrent detection module 35 may be indirectly connected to the second input 32 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 via intermediate circuits such as filter circuit, bleeder circuit and/or bias circuit. In these embodiments, the first comparison value may be different from the overcurrent protection threshold but may be proportional to it.
In some embodiments, the second terminal of the overcurrent detection module 35 may be directly connected to the third input 33 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54. In these embodiments, the second comparison value may be basically equal to the detection value Isns.
In some embodiments, the second terminal of the overcurrent detection module 35 may be indirectly connected to the third input 33 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 via intermediate circuits such as filter circuit and/or bleeder circuit. In these embodiments, the second comparison value may be different from the detection value Isns but may be proportional to it. In some cases, since the detection value Isns is easily mixed with undesirable noise, it may be filtered into a smooth detection value Isns through a filter circuit. This is conducive to the reliable and accurate detection results of the overcurrent detection module 35.
As shown in
The third input 33 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 is connected to a second comparison input cs (negative input port) of the comparator. In the depicted embodiment, the third input 33 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 may be connected to the second comparison input cs via the RC filter circuit composed of a resistor R4 and capacitor C2, and the input resistor R3, so as to transmit the denoised detection value Isns, i.e., the second comparison value, to the second comparison input cs of the comparator.
The comparator may be configured to: (1) confirm that there is no overcurrent event and output a high level when the second comparison value is less than the first comparison value and (2) confirm that an overcurrent event has occurred, output a low level and trigger overcurrent protection measures accordingly when the second comparison value is greater than or equal to the first comparison value.
As shown in
As shown in
The diode D3 may conduct under the following conditions, i.e., when the comparator outputs a low level (due to an overcurrent event) and the first PWM signal (PWM_MCU) is in the high level period. Through the conduction of the diode, the level of the second PWM signal (To Motor driver PWM) on the output 34 of the overcurrent protection circuit 54 is clamped at a low level, which may be basically equal to the conduction voltage drop of the diode D3. For example, the conduction voltage drop of the Schottky diode may be 0.15-0.5 V.
The diode D3 does not conduct under the following conditions, i.e. when the comparator outputs a high level and/or the first PWM signal is in the low level period. At this time, the second PWM signal is basically equal to the first PWM signal.
Based on the above analysis, when an overcurrent event occurs, the second PWM signal is lower than the first PWM signal in terms of the duty ratio, thereby limiting the current flowing through the motor and thus eliminating the overcurrent event.
However, in some embodiments and situations, it may be undesirable and/or non-ideal to implement overcurrent protection measures solely based on the overcurrent detection module 35 because the implementation of this overcurrent protection measure strictly depends on the comparison of the second comparison value with the first comparison value. Once the second comparison value is greater than or equal to the first comparison value, overcurrent protection measures will be triggered immediately, and the second PWM signal is maintained at a low level to reduce the current. Once the second comparison value is less than the first comparison value, the overcurrent protection measure will be cancelled immediately. Therefore, the following undesirable phenomena may occur: overcurrent protection measures are frequently triggered and cancelled, and the switch in the drive unit 56 is frequently turned on/off, thereby introducing undesirable noise interference and accelerating damage to the drive unit 56 and/or the motor.
Therefore, as shown in
In some embodiments, the locking module 37 may be configured to: in every PWM signal cycle (since in some embodiments the first PWM signal and the second PWM signal may have the same signal cycle), lock the second PWM signal at a low level when the first PWM signal is in the high level period in an overcurrent state, regardless of whether the second comparison value is greater or smaller than the first comparison value; maintain the second PWM signal at a low level when the first PWM signal is in the low level period. Therefore, the locking module 37 is capable of stabilizing the waveform of the second PWM signal according to the first PWM signal, overcurrent protection threshold and detection value Isns, thereby stabilizing operation of the motor.
As shown in
The locking module 37 may be configured to: form an enhanced feedback loop when the transistor Q1 conducts and the enhanced feedback loop is configured to lock the second comparison value of the second comparison input cs of the comparator so as to lock the comparison output OC. In the current embodiment, the transistor Q1 may be configured as a PNP transistor Q1. When the base b is at a low level and the emitter e is at a high level, the transistor Q1 conducts. That is to say, in each PWM signal cycle, when the comparison output is at a low level (due to the overcurrent event) and the first PWM signal is in the high level period, the transistor Q1 conducts. Once the transistor Q1 conducts, the second comparison value of the second comparison input cs is locked to a high level greater than the first comparison value, thereby the comparison output is locked to a low level.
It should be understood that those skilled in the art may use other types of transistors by adjusting the topological structure, for example, NPN transistors or MOSFET etc.
Alternatively or additionally, the overcurrent protection circuit 54 of some embodiments of the present disclosure may also comprise other devices. As shown in
Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art should understand that many variations and modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, all variations and changes are included in the protection scope of the present disclosure defined by the claims. The present disclosure is defined by the attached claims, and equivalents of these claims are also included.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202210408796.9 | Apr 2022 | CN | national |
