The invention is related to compensation networks, and in particular but not exclusively, to a compensation network that changes from proportional-integral control to proportional control during a fault condition.
A switching regulator may be configured to provide an output voltage (Vout) in response to an input voltage (Vin). Typically, a switching regulator includes an inductor that is coupled to a switch. In operation, the inductor current is a triangle wave current based on the opening and closing of the switch, and an output capacitor provides Vout from the inductor current. Also, the switch is controlled by a control signal, where the duty cycle or the frequency of the control signal is typically modulated based on negative feedback.
Additionally, a diode-rectified switching regulator employs a diode to rectify the inductor current. A synchronous switching regulator employs a synchronous switch rather than a diode. In a synchronous switching regulator, the inductor current can be positive or negative. Additionally, other topologies may be employed, such as a SEPIC topology or a CUK topology.
Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which:
Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, where like reference numerals represent like parts and assemblies throughout the several views. Reference to various embodiments does not limit the scope of the invention, which is limited only by the scope of the claims attached hereto. Additionally, any examples set forth in this specification are not intended to be limiting and merely set forth some of the many possible embodiments for the claimed invention.
Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context dictates otherwise. The meanings identified below do not necessarily limit the terms, but merely provide illustrative examples for the terms. The meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference, and the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on.” The phrase “in one embodiment,” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may. As used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” operator, and is equivalent to the term “and/or,” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “based, in part, on”, “based, at least in part, on”, or “based on” is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “coupled” means at least either a direct electrical connection between the items connected, or an indirect connection through one or more passive or active intermediary devices. The term “circuit” means at least either a single component or a multiplicity of components, either active and/or passive, that are coupled together to provide a desired function. The term “signal” means at least one current, voltage, charge, temperature, data, or other signal. Where either a field effect transistor or a bipolar transistor may be employed as an embodiment of a transistor, the scope of the words “gate”, “drain”, and “source” includes “base”, “collector”, and “emitter”, respectively, and vice versa.
Briefly stated, the invention is related to a compensation network for an error amplifier, which operates as follows in one embodiment. During normal operation, proportional-integral control is performed, and a capacitor of the compensation network is coupled to the error current. During a fault condition, the capacitor is de-coupled from the error current and discharged, and proportional control is performed. After the fault condition ends, the capacitor is re-connected to the error current.
In operation, error amplifier 120 is operable to receive reference signal REF and feedback signal FB, and to provide error current Ierr. Further, signal FB is a feedback signal that is based, at least in part, on voltage Verr due to the closed loop operation. Also, compensation network 110 is operable to provide error voltage Verr based, in part, on current Ierr.
During normal operating conditions, compensation network 110 performs at least proportional-integral control. Components other than proportional and integral may also be performed for the control in some embodiments. In one embodiment, compensation network 110 includes a compensation capacitor that is used as the energy storage element for the integral portion of the control. Compensation network 110 is configured for adjustable control so as to ensure that, at the end of a fault condition, a voltage overshoot does not occur. For example, in one embodiment, the compensation capacitor is de-coupled from error current Ierr during a fault condition, and the control is accomplished without the compensation capacitor. For example, in one embodiment, proportional control is performed during the fault condition. In this embodiment, when the fault condition ends, the compensation capacitor is re-connected to error current Ierr. Additionally, the adjustment of the control may be accomplished in other ways in other embodiments.
In one embodiment, PWM circuit 230 is operable to provide PWM output signal PWM_OUT such that the duty cycle of signal PWM is based on error voltage Verr. In other embodiments, PWM circuit 230 may be replaced with a pulse frequency modulation circuit, or the like.
Output stage 240 is operable to provide regulated output signal OUT based on input signal IN and signal PWM_OUT. In one embodiment, output stage 240 includes drivers, switches, and an output LC filter. Also, in one embodiment voltage divider 250 is operable to provide feedback signal FB from signal OUT.
Although a particular embodiment of regulator 201 is discussed above, other embodiments are within the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, in one embodiment, regulator 201 is a switching regulator, as discussed above. In other embodiments, regulator 201 may be a different type of regulator, such as a linear regulator, or the like. Virtually any circuit in which an error amplifier in closed loop operation and a compensation network is employed may be used as an embodiment of circuit 501.
When the fault conditions ends, the normal operation mode resumes as illustrated in
If the arrangement illustrated in
However, by adjusting the control as illustrated in
Although one embodiment of circuit 300 is illustrated in
Further, although a particular compensation scheme for normal operation is illustrated in
The above specification, examples and data provide a description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention also resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
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