Patent Application
20120058891
The present invention relates to a novel dioxazine- and oxdiazine-substituted arylamides, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as active compounds, in particular to their use as pesticides.
It is already known that certain substituted 5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazines (cf. JP2005132727) have insecticidal and acaricidal properties.
It is also known that certain arylamides (WO 03/016304) and anthranilamides (NL 9202078, WO 01/70671, WO 02/094791, JP 03212,834, WO 03/015519, WO 03/016284, WO 03/015518, WO 03/015519, WO 03/024222, WO 03/016282, WO 03/016283, WO 03/062226, WO 03/027099, WO 2004/027042, WO 2004/033468) have insecticidal properties.
The activity of these compounds is good; however, it is sometimes unsatisfactory.
This invention now provides novel dioxazine- and oxdiazine-substituted arylamides of the formula (I)
in which
where the compounds of the general formula (I) furthermore comprise N-oxides and salts.
Finally, it has been found that the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention have very good insecticidal properties and can be used both in crop protection and in the protection of materials for controlling unwanted pests, such as insects.
If appropriate, the compounds according to the invention can be present as mixtures of various possible isomeric forms, in particular of stereoisomers, such as, for example, E and Z, threo and erythro, and also optical isomers, and, if appropriate, also of tautomers. What is claimed are both the E and Z isomers, and the threo and erythro, and also the optical isomers, any mixtures of these isomers and also the possible tautomeric forms.
The formula (I) provides a general definition of the arylamides according to the invention. Preferred radical definitions of the formulae mentioned above and below are given below. These definitions apply both to the end products of the formula (I) and, likewise, to all intermediates.
Emphasis is given to compounds of the formula (I-1)
in which A2, X1, X2, X3, R3, R4 and R7 have the stated general, preferred, particularly preferred, very particularly preferred or especially preferred meanings.
Halogen-substituted radicals, for example haloalkyl, are mono- or polyhalogenated up to the maximum possible number of substituents. In the case of polyhalogenation, the halogen atoms can be identical or different. Here, halogen represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
Preferred, particularly preferred or very particularly preferred are compounds which in each case carry the substituents mentioned as being preferred, particularly preferred or very particularly preferred.
Saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl or alkenyl, can in each case be straight-chain or branched as far as this is possible, including in connection with heteroatoms, such as, for example, in alkoxy.
Optionally substituted radicals may be mono- or polysubstituted, where in the case of polysubstitution the substituents may be identical or different.
However, the general or preferred radical definitions or illustrations given above can also be combined with one another as desired, i.e. between the respective ranges and preferred ranges. The definitions apply to the end products and also, correspondingly, to precursors and intermediates.
Furthermore, it has been found that dioxazine- and oxdiazine-substituted arylamides of the formula (I) are obtained by one of the processes below.
Dioxazine- and oxdiazine-substituted arylamides of the formula (I-a)
in which A2, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined above are obtained when
Dioxazine- and oxdiazine-substituted arylthioamides of the formula (I-b)
in which A2, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined above are obtained when
Illustration of the Processes and Intermediates
Process (A)
Using, for example, 2,4-dichloro-6-(5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazin-3-yl)phenylamine and 3-trifluoromethyl-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl chloride as starting materials, the course of the process (A) according to the invention can be illustrated by the formula scheme below.
The formula (II) provides a general definition of the dioxazine- and oxdiazine-substituted anilines required as starting materials for carrying out the process (A) according to the invention. In this formula (II), A2, R1, R2, R3 and R4 preferably, particularly preferably, very particularly preferably and especially preferably have those meanings which have already been mentioned in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred, etc., respectively, for these radicals.
The process (A) according to the invention is carried out in the presence of an acid binder. Suitable acid binders are all inorganic or organic bases customary for such coupling reactions. Preference is given to using alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydrides, hydroxides, amides, alkoxides, acetates, carbonates or bicarbonates, such as, for example, sodium hydride, sodium amide, lithium-diisopropylamide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, and also tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, pyridine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, diazabicyclooctane (DABCO), diazabicyclononene (DBN) or diazabicycloundecene (DBU). It is also possible to use optionally polymer-supported acid binders, such as, for example, polymer-supported diisopropylamine and polymer-supported dimethylaminopyridine.
If appropriate, the process (A) according to the invention can be carried out in the presence of an inert organic diluent, customary for such reactions. These are, for example, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene or decaline; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as, for example, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane or trichloroethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl t-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; ketones, such as acetone, butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone; nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, n- or i-butyronitrile or benzonitrile; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone or hexamethylphosphoric triamide; mixtures thereof with water or pure water. Particular preference is given to using toluene, tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylformamide
When carrying out the process (A) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 20° C. to 100° C.
Dioxazine- and oxdiazine-substituted anilines of the formula (II) are novel. For R1≠H, they can be prepared, for example, by
in which R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above, with an alkylating agent (for example R1 halide) in the presence of a base (for example potassium carbonate) in the presence of a diluent (for example tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide) or initially in a condensation reaction (for example with an R1-aldehyde) in the presence of a diluent (for example toluene) and then with a reducing agent (for example sodium cyanoborohydride) in the presence of a diluent (for example methanol).
For compounds of the formula (II) where R1═H, process (C) is unnecessary. Here, the compounds of the formula (II-a) or (II-b) are directly used as starting material for process (A).
Dioxazine-substituted anilines of the formula (II-a) can be prepared, for example, by
in which R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above, with an activating agent (for example thionyl chloride) and, if appropriate, in the presence of a diluent.
When carrying out the process (D) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 60° C. to 80° C.
2-Amino-N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzamides of the formula (IV) can be prepared, for example, by
in which R3 and R4 are as defined above and R10 represents C1-C4-alkyl, with 2-aminooxyethanol derivatives of the formula (VI)
in which (R2)n is as defined above in the presence of a base (for example sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide) and also, if appropriate, in the presence of a diluent (for example methanol or ethanol).
2-Aminobenzoic esters of the formula (V) are known or can be obtained by known processes (cf., for example, B. E. A. Meyer, M. Furler, F. Diederich, R. Brenk, G. Klebe, Helv. Chim. Acta 2004, 87, 1333-1356).
2-Aminooxyethanol derivatives of the formula (VI) are known or can be obtained by known processes (cf., for example U.S. Pat. No. 3,184,500, DE 2651083, DE 2820013).
Carbonyl chlorides of the formula (III) are known (cf., for example, WO 03/016284, WO 03/016304).
Oxdiazine-substituted anilines of the general formula (II-b) can be prepared, for example, by
in which R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above, with a reducing agent (for example palladium-on-carbon in the presence of hydrogen) in the presence of a diluent (for example ethanol).
Oxdiazine-substituted anilines of the formula (II-b) in which R3 represents 4-chloro, 4-bromo or 4-iodo and R2 and R4 are as defined above can be prepared in an advantageous manner by
in which R2, R4 and n are as defined above, with a halogenating agent (for example N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide or N-iodosuccinimide) in the presence of a diluent (for example N,N-dimethylformamide).
When carrying out the process (G) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 80° C. to 120° C.
Oxdiazine-substituted 2-nitrophenyl derivatives of the formula (VII) can be prepared, for example, by
in which R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above and Z represents chlorine, bromine, iodine, methylsulphonyl or tolylsulphonyl, with a base (for example sodium hydride) in the presence of a solvent (for example tetrahydrofuran, dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidinone).
When carrying out the process (H) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 60° C. to 100° C.
N-Alkoxy-2-nitrobenzamidine derivatives of the formula (VIII) can be prepared, for example, by
in which R2, R3 and R4 are as defined above, with a sulphonyl chloride (for example methylsulphonyl chloride or toluenesulphonyl chloride) or a halogenating agent (for example thionyl chloride), if appropriate in the presence of a solvent (for example dichloromethane) and if appropriate in the presence of a base (for example triethylamine).
When carrying out the process (I) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 0° C. to 60° C.
N-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-2-nitrobenzamidine derivatives of the formula (IX) can be prepared, for example, by
in which R3 and R4 are as defined above and R10 represents C1-C4-alkyl, with 2-aminooxyethanol derivatives of the formula (VI)
in which R2 and n are as defined above in the presence of an inorganic salt (for example ammonium chloride) and in the presence of a diluent (for example methanol or ethanol).
When carrying out the process (J) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 20° C. to 60° C.
2-Nitrobenzimino esters of the formula (X) are known or can be obtained by known processes (cf., for example H. Okada, T. Koyanagi, N. Yamada, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1994, 42, 57-61; EP 335408).
Process (B)
Using, for example, N-[2,4-dichloro-6-(5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazin-3-yl)phenyl]-5-bromo-2-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide as starting material and Lawesson's reagent as sulphurizing agent, the course of the process (B) according to the invention can be illustrated by the formula scheme below.
The formula (I-a) provides a general definition of the arylamides required starting materials for carrying out the process (B) according to the invention. In the formula (I-a), A2, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 preferably, particularly preferably, very particularly preferably and especially preferably have those meanings which have already been mentioned in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred, particularly preferred, etc., respectively, for these radicals.
The arylamides of the formula (I-a) are a sub-group of the arylamides of the formula (I) and can be obtained by process (A).
Suitable for the use as sulphurizing agents are all reagents customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using phosphorus pentasulphide and Lawesson's reagent.
The compounds of the formula (I) can, if appropriate, be present in different polymorphic forms or as a mixture of different polymorphic forms. Both the pure polymorphs and the polymorph mixtures are provided by the invention and can be used according to the invention.
The active compounds of the invention, in combination with good plant tolerance and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and being tolerated well by the environment, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing the harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector. They may be preferably employed as plant protection agents. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development. The abovementioned pests include:
From the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), for example, Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.
From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici.
From the class of the Bivalva, for example, Dreissena spp.
From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.
From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.
From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus.
From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.
From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus.
From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.
From the class of the Gastropoda, for example, Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.
From the class of the helminths, for example, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.
It is furthermore possible to control Protozoa, such as Eimeria.
From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.
From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulinambila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii.
From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.
From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp., Odontotermes spp.
From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp.
From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.
From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.
From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata.
From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips spp.
From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.
The phytoparasitic nematodes include, for example, Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp.
The compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention have in particular excellent activity against aphids (for example Myzus persicae), butterfly caterpillars (for example Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera exigua, Heliothis armigera) and beetle larva (for example Phaedon cochleariae).
If appropriate, the compounds according to the invention can, at certain concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including agents against viroids) or as agents against MLO (Mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (Rickettsia-like organisms). If appropriate, they can also be employed as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other active compounds.
All plants and plant parts can be treated in accordance with the invention. Plants are to be understood as meaning in the present context all plants and plant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional plant breeding and optimization methods or by bio-technological and genetic engineering methods or by combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant cultivars protectable or not protectable by plant breeders' rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material, and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, offshoots and seeds.
Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active compounds is carried out directly or by allowing the compounds to act on the surroundings, habitat or storage space by the customary treatment methods, for example by immersion, spraying, evaporation, fogging, scattering, painting on, injection and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, also by applying one or more coats.
The active compounds can be converted to the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspension-emulsion concentrates, natural materials impregnated with active compound, synthetic materials impregnated with active compound, fertilizers and microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam-formers. The formulations are prepared either in suitable plants or else before or during the application.
Suitable for use as auxiliaries are substances which are suitable for imparting to the composition itself and/or to preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquors, seed dressings) particular properties such as certain technical properties and/or also particular biological properties. Typical suitable auxiliaries are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which, if appropriate, may also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulphones and sulphoxides (such as dimethyl sulphoxide).
If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Essentially, suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and also their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.
Suitable solid carriers are:
for example, ammonium salts and ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates; suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example, crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and/or foam-formers are: for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates and also protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are nonionic and/or ionic substances, for example from the classes of the alcohol-POE- and/or —POP-ethers, acid and/or POP—POE esters, alkyl aryl and/or POP—POE ethers, fat- and/or POP—POE adducts, POE- and/or POP-polyol derivatives, POE- and/or POP-sorbitan- or -sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulphates, alkyl- or arylsulphonates and alkyl or aryl phosphates or the corresponding PO-ether adducts. Furthermore, suitable oligo- or polymers, for example those derived from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and/or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly)alcohols or (poly)amines. It is also possible to employ lignin and its sulphonic acid derivatives, unmodified and modified celluloses, aromatic and/or aliphatic sulphonic acids and their adducts with formaldehyde.
Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Other possible additives are perfumes, mineral or vegetable, optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (including trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Stabilizers, such as low-temperature stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability may also be present.
The formulations generally comprise between 0.01 and 98% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
The active compound according to the invention can be used in its commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with other active compounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilizing agents, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers or semiochemicals.
Particularly favourable mixing components are, for example, the following compounds:
Fungicides:
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis
Inhibitors of mitosis and cell division
Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex I
Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex II
Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex III
Decouplers
Inhibitors of ATP production
Inhibitors of amino acid biosynthesis and protein biosynthesis
Inhibitors of signal transduction
Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis
Inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis
Resistance inductors
Multisite
Further fungicides
Bactericides: bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octhilinone, furancarboxylic acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulphate and other copper preparations.
Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides:
Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors
Sodium channel modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers
Acetylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists
Acetylcholine receptor modulators
GABA-controlled chloride channel antagonists
Chloride channel activators
Juvenile hormone mimetics,
Ecdysone agonists/disruptors
Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors
Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disruptors
Oxidative phosphorylation decouplers acting by interrupting the H-proton gradient
Site-I electron transport inhibitors
Site-II electron transport inhibitors
Site-III electron transport inhibitors
Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane
Lipid synthesis inhibitors
Inhibitors of magnesium-stimulated ATPase,
Ryanodine receptor agonists,
Biologicals, hormones or pheromones
azadirachtin, Bacillus spec., Beauveria spec., codlemone, Metarrhizium spec., Paecilomyces spec., thuringiensin, Verticillium spec.
Active compounds with unknown or unspecific mechanisms of action
A mixture with other known active compounds, such as herbicides, fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, semiochemicals, or else with agents for improving the plant properties, is also possible.
When used as insecticides, the active compounds according to the invention can furthermore be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with synergistic agents. Synergistic agents are compounds which increase the action of the active compounds, without it being necessary for the synergistic agent added to be active itself.
When used as insecticides, the active compounds according to the invention can furthermore be present in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with inhibitors which reduce degradation of the active compound after use in the environment of the plant, on the surface of parts of plants or in plant tissues.
The active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercially available formulations can vary within wide limits. The active compound concentration of the use forms can be from 0.00000001 to 95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.00001 and 1% by weight.
The compounds are employed in a customary manner appropriate for the use forms.
As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and their parts according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The terms “parts”, “parts of plants” and “plant parts” have been explained above.
Particularly preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the invention. Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having novel properties (“traits”) which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be cultivars, bio- or genotypes.
Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive (“synergistic”) effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.
The transgenic plants or plant cultivars (obtained by genetic engineering) which are preferably to be treated according to the invention include all plants which, by virtue of the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparted particularly advantageous, useful traits to these plants. Examples of such traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such traits are a better defence of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable varieties, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), and particular emphasis is given to maize, soya beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits that are emphasized are in particular increased defence of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and worms by virtue of toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) (referred to hereinbelow as “Bt plants”). Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defence of the plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (for example the “PAT” gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of “Bt plants” which may be mentioned are maize varieties, cotton varieties, soya bean varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soya beans), KnockOut® (for example maize), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soya bean varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soya bean), Liberty Link® (tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance to sulphonylureas, for example maize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example maize). Of course, these statements also apply to plant cultivars having these genetic traits or genetic traits still to be developed, which plant cultivars will be developed and/or marketed in the future.
The plants listed can be treated according to the invention in a particularly advantageous manner with the compounds of the general formula I and/or the active compound mixtures according to the invention. The preferred ranges stated above for the active compounds or mixtures also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particular emphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the compounds or mixtures specifically mentioned in the present text.
The active compounds according to the invention act not only against plant, hygiene and stored product pests, but also in the veterinary medicine sector against animal parasites (ecto- and endo-parasites), such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, leaf mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, feather lice and fleas. These parasites include:
From the order of the Anoplurida, for example, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.
From the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina and Ischnocerina, for example, Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp., Felicola spp.
From the order of the Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp., Melophagus spp.
From the order of the Siphonapterida, for example, Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.
From the order of the Heteropterida, for example, Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.
From the order of the Blattarida, for example, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattela germanica, Supella spp.
From the subclass of the Acari (Acarina) and the orders of the Meta- and Mesostigmata, for example, Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp., Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp., Varroa spp.
From the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), for example, Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.
The active compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention are also suitable for controlling arthropods which infest agricultural productive livestock, such as, for example, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys, camels, buffalo, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and bees, other pets, such as, for example, dogs, cats, caged birds and aquarium fish, and also so-called test animals, such as, for example, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By controlling these arthropods, cases of death and reduction in productivity (for meat, milk, wool, hides, eggs, honey etc.) should be diminished, so that more economic and easier animal husbandry is possible by use of the active compounds according to the invention.
The active compounds according to the invention are used in the veterinary sector and in animal husbandry in a known manner by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, potions, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the feed-through process and suppositories, by parenteral administration, such as, for example, by injection (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal and the like), implants by nasal administration, by dermal use in the form, for example, of dipping or bathing, spraying, pouring on and spotting on, washing and powdering, and also with the aid of moulded articles containing the active compound, such as collars, ear marks, tail marks, limb bands, halters, marking devices and the like.
When used for cattle, poultry, pets and the like, the active compounds of the formula (I) can be used as formulations (for example powders, emulsions, free-flowing compositions), which comprise the active compounds in an amount of 1 to 80% by weight, directly or after 100 to 10 000-fold dilution, or they can be used as a chemical bath.
It has furthermore been found that the compounds according to the invention also have a strong insecticidal action against insects which destroy industrial materials.
The following insects may be mentioned as examples and as preferred—but without any limitation:
Beetles, such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec. Tryptodendron spec. Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec. Dinoderus minutus;
Hymenopterons, such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus, Urocerus augur;
Termites, such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus;
Bristletails, such as Lepisma saccharina.
Industrial materials in the present connection are to be understood as meaning non-living materials, such as, preferably, plastics, adhesives, sizes, papers and cardboards, leather, wood and processed wood products and coating compositions.
The ready-to-use compositions may, if appropriate, comprise further insecticides and, if appropriate, one or more fungicides.
With respect to possible additional additives, reference may be made to the insecticides and fungicides mentioned above.
The compounds according to the invention can likewise be employed for protecting objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, such as hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, against fouling.
Furthermore, the compounds according to the invention, alone or in combination with other active compounds, may be employed as antifouling agents.
In domestic, hygiene and stored-product protection, the active compounds are also suitable for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and mites, which are found in enclosed spaces such as, for example, dwellings, factory halls, offices, vehicle cabins and the like. They can be employed alone or in combination with other active compounds and auxiliaries in domestic insecticide products for controlling these pests. They are active against sensitive and resistant species and against all developmental stages. These pests include:
From the order of the Scorpionidea, for example, Buthus occitanus.
From the order of the Acarina, for example, Argas persicus, Argas reflexus, Bryobia ssp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus, Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.
From the order of the Araneae, for example, Aviculariidae, Araneidae.
From the order of the Opiliones, for example, Pseudoscorpiones chelifer, Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.
From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.
From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus, Polydesmus spp.
From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp.
From the order of the Zygentoma, for example, Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.
From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Blatta orientalies, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Supella longipalpa.
From the order of the Saltatoria, for example, Acheta domesticus.
From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.
From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Kalotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp.
From the order of the Psocoptera, for example, Lepinatus spp., Liposcelis spp.
From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.
From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila spp., Fannia canicularis, Musca domestica, Phlebotomus spp., Sarcophaga carnaria, Simulium spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.
From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Achroia grisella, Galleria mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.
From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis.
From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Camponotus herculeanus, Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.
From the order of the Anoplura, for example, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pemphigus spp., Phylloera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis.
From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatoma infestans.
In the field of household insecticides, they are used alone or in combination with other suitable active compounds, such as phosphoric esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, growth regulators or active compounds from other known classes of insecticides.
They are used in aerosols, pressure-free spray products, for example pump and atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems, foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with evaporator tablets made of cellulose or polymer, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators, propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive, evaporation systems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as granules or dusts, in baits for spreading or in bait stations.
The Preparation Examples and Use Examples below illustrate the invention without limiting it.
0.266 g (0.857 mmol) of 6-chloro-2-(3-trifluoromethyl-5-chlorocarbonylpyrazolyl)pyridine in 15 ml of toluene are initially charged under argon. 0.192 g of 3-(3,5-dichloro-2-aminophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-1,4,2-dioxine, 0.047 g of (1,6-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(1,5-5)) and 0.185 g (2.337 mmol) of pyridine are added. After 3 h of stirring under reflux, the reaction mixture is cooled and poured into 200 ml of water, and the mixture is extracted three times with in each case 100 ml of ethyl acetate. The extracts are dried with sodium sulphate and evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator.
The residue is purified by chromatography on silica gel (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate=3:1).
Yield 0.26 g (60% of theory)
The following compounds of the formula (I-1) are obtained analogously to the Example (I-1-1) shown above and the general description.
The logP values given in the tables and Preparation Examples above are determined in accordance with EEC Directive 79/831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) on a reversed-phase column (C 18). Temperature: 43° C.
The determination by LC-MS in the acidic range is carried out at pH 2.7 using 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile (contains 0.1% formic acid) as mobile phases; linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile.
Calibration is carried out using unbranched alkan-2-ones (having 3 to 16 carbon atoms) with known logP values (determination of the logP values by the retention times using linear interpolation between two successive alkanones).
The lambda-max values were determined in the maxima of the chromatographic signals using the UV spectra from 200 nm to 400 nm.
Preparation of Starting Materials of the Formula (II-a)
At 20° C., 30 ml of thionyl chloride are initially charged and 3 g of 3,5-dichloro-2-amino-N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzamide are added in 3 portions with stirring. The mixture is stirred at 70° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixture is then cooled and carefully poured onto ice-water. The mixture is extracted twice with in each case 150 ml of dichloromethane and the extracts are dried with sodium sulphate and evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator.
Purification by silica gel chromatography cyclohexane/ethyl acetate=10:1.
Yield: 2 g (62% of theory)
Preparation of Starting Materials of the Formula (IV)
9 g (40.9 mmol) of methyl 3,5-dichloro-2-aminobenzoate and 6.3 g (81.8 mmol) of 2-(aminooxy)ethanol are initially charged in 90 ml of methanol, and 22.1 g (122.7 mmol) of sodium methoxide as a 30% strength solution in methanol are added dropwise at 20° C. The mixture is stirred at 50° C. overnight. The mixture is cooled and poured onto 400 ml of water, and the pH is adjusted to 3 using 1 N hydrochloric acid. The mixture is extracted 3 times with in each case 150 ml of ethyl acetate and the extracts are dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated using a rotary evaporator.
Purification by silica gel chromatography cyclohexane/ethyl acetate=3:1, then cyclohexane/ethyl acetate=1:1.
Yield: 4 g (30% of theory)
Preparation of Starting Materials of the Formula (IIb)
3 g (13.6 mmol) of 3-(3-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-[1,2,4]oxadiazine are dissolved in 40 ml of ethanol, and 0.3 g of Pd/C (5%) is added. The mixture is then stirred at 21° C. under a hydrogen pressure of 3 bar for 72 h. The reaction mixture is then filtered and the ethanol is distilled off under reduced pressure.
Yield: 2.5 g
Preparation of Starting Materials of the Formula (VII)
1.4 g (5.4 mmol) of 3-methyl-N-(2-chloroethoxy)-2-nitrobenzamidine are initially charged in 45 ml of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 0.18 g (6 mmol) of sodium hydride (80% pure) is added slowly. The mixture is stirred at 100° C. for 12 h, cooled, poured onto water and extracted with ethyl acetate. After drying over sodium sulphate, the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure.
Yield: 0.75 g
Preparation of Starting Materials of the Formula (VIII)
4.75 g (19.9 mmol) of 3-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-nitrobenzamidine are stirred at 60° C. in 45 ml (617 mmol) of thionyl chloride for 3 h. The mixture is then cooled and carefully poured into water. The mixture is extracted with methylene chloride, the extracts are dried over sodium sulphate and the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel (cyclohexane:ethyl acetate:=4:1).
Yield: 4.1 g
Preparation of Starting Materials of the Formula (IX)
3.4 g (17.5 mmol) of methyl 3-methyl-2-nitrobenzimine and 2.7 g (35 mmol) of 2-aminooxyethanol are initially charged in 40 ml of ethanol. About 150 mg of ammonium chloride are added and the mixture is stirred at 40° C. for a further 12 h. The mixture is then poured onto 300 ml of water and extracted three times with in each case 100 ml of ethyl acetate, the extracts are dried over sodium sulphate and the organic solvent is then distilled off under reduced pressure.
Yield: 4.3 g (99% of theory)
Myzus persicae Test
Solvents: 1% of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)
Dye: brilliant sulphoflavin for staining the water
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, the active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and the concentrate is diluted with stained water to the desired concentration.
The Myzus persicae are provided with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration for ingestion.
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined. 100% means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-7, I-1-8, I-1-9
Myzus test
Aedes aegypti Test
Solvents: 1% of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)
Dye: brilliant sulphoflavin for staining the water
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, the active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and the concentrate is diluted with stained water to the desired concentration.
The larvae (Aedes aegypti) are treated with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration.
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined 100% means that all of the larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the larvae have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compound of the Preparation Examples shows good activity: I-1-8
Aedes aegypti test
Diabrotica undecimpunctata (DIABUN)
Solvents: 1% of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)
Dye: brilliant sulphoflavin for staining the water
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, the active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and the concentrate is diluted with stained water to the desired concentration.
The eggs (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) are treated with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration.
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined 100% means that all animals have been killed; 0% means that none of the animals have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-5, I-1-8, I-1-9
Table 4
Diabrotica undecimpunctata test
Heliothis virescens
Solvents: 1% of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)
Dye: brilliant sulphoflavin for staining the water
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, the active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and the concentrate is diluted with stained water to the desired concentration.
The eggs (Heliothis virescens) are treated with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration.
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined 100% means that all animals have been killed; 0% means that none of the animals have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-7, I-1-8, I-1-9
Heliothis virescens test
Phaedon Test
Solvents: 78 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 0.5 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Discs of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) are sprayed with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration and, after drying, populated with larvae of the mustard beetle (Phaedon cochleariae).
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined 100% means that all beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the beetle larvae have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-2, I-1-5, I-1-6, I-1-8, I-1-9, I-1-10, I-1-11, I-1-12, I-1-13, I-1-16, I-1-17, I-1-18, I-1-19, I-1-20, I-1-22, I-1-23, I-1-24, I-1-25, I-1-26, I-1-29, I-1-30, I-1-32, I-1-21, I-1-28
Phaedon test
Myzus Test (MYZUPE Spray Treatment)
Solvents: 78 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 0.5 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Discs of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), which are infested by all stages of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are sprayed with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration.
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined. 100% means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-2, I-1-16, I-1-17, I-1-18, I-1-19, I-1-20, I-1-22, I-1-23, I-1-24, I-1-26, I-1-29, I-1-30
Myzus test (spray treatment)
Spodoptera frugiperda Test (SPODFR Spray Treatment)
Solvents: 78 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 0.5 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvents and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Discs of maize leaves (Zea mays) are sprayed with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration and after drying populated with caterpillars of the army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined 100% means that all of the caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed.
In this case, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-2, I-1-3, I-1-4, I-1-5, I-1-6, 1-1-7, I-1-8, I-1-9, I-1-10, I-1-11, I-1-12, I-1-16, I-1-17, I-1-18, I-1-19, I-1-20, I-1-22, I-1-23, I-1-24, I-1-25, I-1-26, I-1-29, I-1-30, I-1-32, I-1-21, I-1-28
Spodoptera test (spray treatment)
Spodoptera frugiperda Test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Maize plants (Zea mays) are watered with an active compound preparation of the desired concentration and infected with Spodoptera frugiperda larvae.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of the larvae have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-3, I-1-6, I-1-8, I-1-9, I-1-10, I-1-11
Spodoptera test (treatment by watering)
Spodoptera exigua Test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and populated with caterpillars of the army worm (Spodoptera exigua) while the leaves are still moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-6, I-1-10, I-1-11, I-1-16, I-1-17, I-1-18, I-1-19, I-1-20
Spodoptera exigua test
Heliothis armigera Test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Soya bean leaves (Glycine max.) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and populated with caterpillars of the cotton bollworm (Heliothis armigera) while the leaves are still moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-8, I-1-9, I-1-10, I-1-11, I-1-16, I-1-17, I-1-18, I-1-19, I-1-20
Heliothis armigera test
Spodoptera exigua Test; Resistant Strain
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and populated with caterpillars of the army worm (Spodoptera exigua, resistant strain) while the leaves are still moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-6, I-1-10, I-1-11, I-1-17, I-1-18, I-1-19
Spodoptera exigua test; resistant strain
Plutella Test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Cabbages leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration and populated with caterpillars of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) while the leaves are still moist.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of the caterpillars have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-6, I-1-11, I-1-16, I-1-17, I-1-18, I-1-19, I-1-20
Plutella test
Myzus persicae Test; Systemic Treatment
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
The active compound preparation is mixed with water. The stated concentration refers to the amount of active compound per volume unit of water (mg/l=ppm). The treated water is filled into vessels with a pea plant (Pisum sativum) which is then infected with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae).
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-16, I-1-18, I-1-19
Myzus persicae test; systemic treatment
Myzus Test; Oral
Solvent: 80 parts by weight of acetone
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
Vessels are populated with all stages of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) which are treated by sucking the active compound preparation of the desired concentration.
After the desired period of time, the activity in % is determined. 100% means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-1, I-1-16, I-1-22, I-1-23, I-1-24
Myzus persicae test; oral
Aphis gossypii Test
Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide
Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containing water to the desired concentration.
Cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum) which are heavily infested by the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) are treated by being dipped into the active compound preparation of the desired concentration.
After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined 100% means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphids have been killed.
In this test, for example, the following compounds of the Preparation Examples show good activity: I-1-19, I-1-20
Aphis gossypii test
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2005 044 108.4 | Sep 2005 | DE | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11992006 | Nov 2008 | US |
| Child | 13292517 | US |
