The present invention relates to antibiotic compounds and in particular to antibiotic compounds containing substituted oxazolidinone rings. This invention further relates to processes for their preparation, to intermediates useful in their preparation, to their use as therapeutic agents and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
The international microbiological community continues to express serious concern that the evolution of antibiotic resistance could result in strains against which currently available antibacterial agents will be ineffective. In general, bacterial pathogens may be classified as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative pathogens. Antibiotic compounds with effective activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are generally regarded as having a broad spectrum of activity. The compounds of the present invention are regarded as effective against both Gram-positive and certain Gram-negative pathogens.
Gram-positive pathogens, for example Staphylococci, Enterococci, Streptococci and mycobacteria, are particularly important because of the development of resistant strains which are both difficult to treat and difficult to eradicate from the hospital environment once established. Examples of such strains are methicillin resistant staphylococcus (MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS), penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and multiply resistant Enterococcus faecium.
The major clinically effective antibiotic for treatment of such resistant Gram-positive pathogens is vancomycin. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide and is associated with various toxicities including nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, and most importantly, antibacterial resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides is also appearing. This resistance is increasing at a steady rate rendering these agents less and less effective in the treatment of Gram-positive pathogens. There is also now increasing resistance appearing towards agents such as β-lactams, quinolones and macrolides used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, also caused by certain Gram negative strains including H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
Certain antibacterial compounds containing an oxazolidinone ring have been described in the art (for example, Walter A. Gregory et al in J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 2569-2578 and 1989, 32 (8), 1673-81; Chung-Ho Park et al in J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 1156-1165). Bacterial resistance to known antibacterial agents may develop, for example, by (i) the evolution of active binding sites in the bacteria rendering a previously active pharmacophore less effective or redundant, and/or (ii) the evolution of means to chemically deactivate a given pharmacophore, and/or (iii) the evolution of efflux pathways. Therefore, there remains an ongoing need to find new antibacterial agents with a favourable pharmacological profile, in particular for compounds containing new, more potent, pharmacophores.
Accordingly the present invention provides a compound of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, or an in-vivo-hydrolysable ester thereof,
wherein C is selected from D and E,
wherein in D and E the phenyl ring is attached to the oxazolidinone in (I);
In another aspect, the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
In another aspect, the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to a pro-drug thereof. Suitable examples of pro-drugs of compounds of formula (1) are in-vivo hydrolysable esters of compounds of formula (1). Therefore in another aspect, the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof.
Where optional substituents are chosen from “0, 1, 2 or 3” groups it is to be understood that this definition includes all substituents being chosen from one of the specified groups or the substituents being chosen from two or more of the specified groups. An analogous convention applies to substituents chose from “0, 1 or 2” groups and “1 or 2” groups.
In this specification the term ‘alkyl’ includes straight chained and branched structures. For example, (1-4C)alkyl includes propyl and isopropyl. However, references to individual alkyl groups such as “propyl” are specific for the straight chained version only, and references to individual branched chain alkyl groups such as “isopropyl” are specific for the branched chain version only. In this specification, the terms ‘alkenyl’ and ‘cycloalkenyl’ include all positional and geometrical isomers. In this specification, the term ‘aryl’ is an unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic group, in particular phenyl, 1- and 2-naphthyl.
Within this specification composite terms are used to describe groups comprising more that one functionality such as (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkyl. Such terms are to be interpreted in accordance with the meaning which is understood by a person skilled in the art for each component part. For example (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkyl includes methoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxymethoxypropyl and propxyethoxymethyl.
It will be understood that where a group is defined such that is optionally substituted by more than one substituent, then substitution is such that chemically stable compounds are formed. For example, a trifluoromethyl group may be allowed but not a trihydroxymethyl group. This convention is applied wherever optional substituents are defined.
The term “a C5-C6 heteroaromatic ring” means a 5- or 6-membered aryl ring wherein (unless stated otherwise) 1, 2 or 3 of the ring atoms are selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Unless stated otherwise, such rings are fully aromatic. Particular examples of 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring systems are furan, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyridine, isoxazole, oxazole, isothiazole, thiazole and thiophene.
There follow particular and suitable values for certain substituents and groups referred to in this specification. These values may be used where appropriate with any of the definitions and embodiments disclosed hereinbefore, or hereinafter. For the avoidance of doubt each stated species represents a particular and independent aspect of this invention.
Examples of (1-4C)alkyl and (1-5C)alkyl include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl; examples of (1-6C)alkyl include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, pentyl and hexyl; examples of (1-10C)alkyl include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and nonyl; examples of (1-4C)alkanoylamino-(1-4C)alkyl include formamidomethyl, acetamidomethyl and acetamidoethyl; examples of hydroxy(1-4C)alkyl and hydroxy(1-6C)alkyl include hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl and 3-hydroxypropyl; examples of (1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl and propoxycarbonyl; examples of (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl include methoxymethoxycarbonyl, methoxyethoxycarbonyl and propoxymethoxycarbonyl; examples of (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl include methoxymethoxymethoxycarbonyl, methoxyethoxymethoxycarbonyl and propoxyethoxymethoxycarbonyl; examples of 2-((1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl)ethenyl include 2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl and 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethenyl; examples of 2-cyano-2-((1-4C)alkyl)ethenyl include 2-cyano-2-methylethenyl and 2-cyano-2-ethylethenyl; examples of 2-nitro-2-((1-4C)alkyl)ethenyl include 2-nitro-2-methylethenyl and 2-nitro-2-ethylethenyl; examples of 2-((1-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)ethenyl include 2-(methylaminocarbonyl)ethenyl and 2-(ethylaminocarbonyl)ethenyl; examples of (2-4C)alkenyl include allyl and vinyl; examples of (2-4C)alkenyloxy include allyloxy and vinyloxy; examples of (2-4C)alkynyl include ethynyl and 2-propynyl; examples of (2-4C)alkynyloxy include ethynyloxy and 2-propynyloxy; examples of (1-4C)alkanoyl include formyl, acetyl and propionyl; examples of (1-4C)alkylcarbonyl include acetyl and propionyl; examples of (1-4C)alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; examples of (1-6C)alkoxy and (1-10C)alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and pentoxy; examples of (1-4C)alkylthio include methylthio and ethylthio; examples of (1-4C)alkylamino include methylamino, ethylamino and propylamino; examples of (2-4C)alkenylamino include vinylamino and allylamino; examples of hydroxy(1-4C)alkylamino include 2-hydroxyethylamino, 2-hydroxypropylamino and 3-hydroxypropylamino; examples of di-((1-4C)alkyl)amino include dimethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-propylamino and dipropylamino; examples of halo groups include fluoro, chloro and bromo; examples of (1-4C)alkylsulfonyl include methylsulfonyl and ethylsulfonyl; examples of (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy and (1-6C)alkoxy-(1-6C)alkoxy include methoxymethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy and 3-methoxypropoxy; examples of (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy(44C)alkoxy include 2-(methoxymethoxy)ethoxy, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy; 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propoxy and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy; examples of (1-4C)alkylS(O)2amino include methylsulfonylamino and ethylsulfonylamino; examples of (1-4C)alkanoylamino and (1-6C)alkanoylamino include formamido, acetamido and propionylamino; examples of (1-4C)alkoxycarbonylamino include methoxycarbonylamino and ethoxycarbonylamino; examples of N-(1-4C)alkyl-N-(1-6C)alkanoylamino include N-methylacetamido, N-ethylacetamido and N-methylpropionamido; examples of (1-4C)alkylS(O)pNH— wherein p is 1 or 2 include methylsulfinylamino, methylsulfonylamino, ethylsulfinylamino and ethylsulfonylamino; examples of (1-4C)alkylS(O)p((1-4C)alkyl)N— wherein p is 1 or 2 include methylsulfinylmethylamino, methylsulfonylmethylamino, 2-(ethylsulfinyl)ethylamino and 2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethylamino; examples of fluoro(1-4C)alkylS(O)pNH— wherein p is 1 or 2 include trifluoromethylsulfinylamino and trifluoromethylsulfonylamino; examples of fluoro(1-4C)alkylS(O)p((1-4C)alkyl)NH— wherein p is 1 or 2 include trifluoromethylsulfinylmethylamino and trifluoromethylsulfonylmethylamino examples of (1-4C)alkoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl include methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl and ethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl; examples of di-(1-4C)alkoxyphosphoryl include di-methoxyphosphoryl, di-ethoxyphosphoryl and ethoxy(methoxy)phosphoryl; examples of (1-4C)alkylS(O)q— wherein q is 0, 1 or 2, and —S(O)n(1-4C)alkyl (wherein n=1 or 2), include methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl and ethylsulfonyl; examples of phenylS(O)q and naphthylS(O)q— wherein q is 0, 1 or 2 are phenylthio, phenylsulfinyl, phenylsulfonyl and naphthylthio, naphthylsulfinyl and naphthylsulfonyl respectively; examples of benzyloxy-(1-4C)alkyl include benzyloxymethyl and benzyloxyethyl; examples of a (3-4C)alkylene chain are trimethylene or tetramethylene; examples of (1-6C)alkoxy-(1-6C)alkyl include methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl and 2-methoxyethyl; examples of hydroxy-(2-6C)alkoxy include 2-hydroxyethoxy and 3-hydroxypropoxy; examples of (1-4C)alkylamino-(2-6C)alkoxy include 2-methylaminoethoxy and 2-ethylaminoethoxy; examples of di-(1-4C)alkylamino-(2-6C)alkoxy include 2-dimethylaminoethoxy and 2-diethylaminoethoxy; examples of phenyl(1-4C)alkyl include benzyl and phenethyl; examples of (1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl include methylcarbamoyl and ethylcarbamoyl; examples of di((1-4C)alkyl)carbamoyl include di(methyl)carbamoyl and di(ethyl)carbamoyl; examples of hydroxyimino(1-4C)alkyl include hydroxyiminomethyl, 2-(hydroxyimino)ethyl and 1-(hydroxyimino)ethyl; examples of (1-4C)alkoxyimino-(1-4C)alkyl include methoxyiminomethyl, ethoxyiminomethyl, 1-(methoxyimino)ethyl and 2-(methoxyimino)ethyl; examples of halo(1-4C)alkyl include, halomethyl, 1-haloethyl, 2-haloethyl, and 3-halopropyl; examples of nitro(1-4C)alkyl include nitromethyl, 1-nitroethyl, 2-nitroethyl and 3-nitropropyl; examples of amino(1-4C)alkyl include aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl and 3-aminopropyl; examples of cyano(1-4C)alkyl include cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl and 3-cyanopropyl; examples of (1-4C)alkanesulfonamido include methanesulfonamido and ethanesulfonamindo; examples of (1-4C)alkylaminosulfonyl include methylaminosulfonyl and ethylaminosulfonyl; examples of di-(1-4C)alkylaminosulfonyl include dimethylaminosulfonyl, diethylaminosulfonyl and N-methyl-N-ethylaminosulfonyl; examples of (1-4C)alkanesulfonyloxy include methylsulfonyloxy, ethylsulfonyloxy and propylsulfonyloxy; examples of (1-4C)alkanoyloxy include acetoxy and propionyloxy; examples of (1-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl include methylaminocarbonyl and ethylaminocarbonyl; examples of di((1-4C)alkyl)aminocarbonyl include dimethylaminocarbonyl and diethylaminocarbonyl; examples of (3-6C)cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; examples of (3-6C)cycloalkenyl include cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl; examples of (4-7C)cycloalkyl include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; examples of di(N-(1-4C)alkyl)aminomethylimino include dimethylaminomethylimino and diethylaminomethylimino.
Particular values for AR2 include, for example, for those AR2 containing one heteroatom, furan, pyrrole, thiophene; for those AR2 containing one to four N atoms, pyrazole, imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, 1,2,3- & 1,2,4-triazole and tetrazole; for those AR2 containing one N and one O atom, oxazole, isoxazole and oxazine;
Particular examples of AR2a include, for example, dihydropyrrole (especially 2,5-dihydropyrrol-4-yl) and tetrahydropyridine (especially 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrid-4-yl).
Particular examples of AR2b include, for example, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, morpholine (preferably morpholino), thiomorpholine (preferably thiomorpholino), piperazine (preferably piperazino), imidazoline and piperidine, 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-5-yl and 1,4-dioxan-2-yl.
Particular values for AR3 include, for example, bicyclic benzo-fused systems containing a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen atom and optionally 1-3 further heteroatoms chosen from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Specific examples of such ring systems include, for example, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzisothiazole, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, quinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, phthalazine and cinnoline.
Other particular examples of AR3 include 5/5-, 5/6 and 6/6 bicyclic ring systems containing heteroatoms in both of the rings. Specific examples of such ring systems include, for example, purine and naphthyridine.
Further particular examples of AR3 include bicyclic heteroaryl ring systems with at least one bridgehead nitrogen and optionally a further 1-3 heteroatoms chosen from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Specific examples of such ring systems include, for example, 3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole, pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole, 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrole, 1H-imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole, 1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazole, 1H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrrole, pyrrolo[1,2-b]isoxazole, imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, indolizine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine, pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine, pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine, pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine, pyrido[2,1-c]-s-triazole, s-triazole[1,5-a]pyridine, imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine, imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[1,2-b]-pyridazine, s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[5,1-b]oxazole and imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole. Other specific examples of such ring systems include, for example, [1H]-pyrrolo[2,1-c]oxazine, [3H]-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridine, [6H]-pyrrolo[2,1-c]oxazine and pyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine. Other specific examples of 5/5-bicyclic ring systems are imidazooxazole or imidazothiazole, in particular imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, imidazo[5,1-b]oxazole or imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole.
Particular examples of AR3a and AR3b include, for example, indoline, 1,3,4,6,9,9a-hexahydropyrido[2,1c][1,4]oxazin-8-yl, 1,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[1,5a]pyridin-7-yl, 1,5,8,8a-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,4a]pyridin-7-yl, 1,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydrooxazolo[3,4a]pyridin-7-yl, (7aS)[3H,5H]-1,7a-dihydropyrrolo[1,2c]oxazol-6-yl, (7aS)[5H]-1,2,3,7a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2c]imidazol-6-yl, (7aR)[3H,5H]-1,7a-dihydropyrrolo[1,2c]oxazol-6-yl, [3H,5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-6-yl, [5H]-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-6-yl, [3H,5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazol-6-yl, [3H,5H]-1-1,7a-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazol-6-yl, [5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-6-yl, [1H]-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-c]oxazin-7-yl, [3H]-1,5,8,8a-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,4-a]pyrid-7-yl, [3H]-5,8-dihydroxazolo[3,4-a]pyrid-7-yl and 5,8-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrid-7-yl.
Particular values for AR4 include, for example, pyrrolo[a]quinoline, 2,3-pyrroloisoquinoline, pyrrolo[a]isoquinoline, 1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazole, 9H-imidazo[1,2-a]indole, 5H-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole, 1H-imidazo[3,4-a]indole, imidazo[1,2-a]quinoline, imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline and imidazo[5,1-a]isoquinoline.
The nomenclature used is that found in, for example, “Heterocyclic Compounds (Systems with bridgehead nitrogen), W. L. Mosby (Interscience Publishers Inc., New York), 1961, Parts 1 and 2.
Where optional substituents are listed such substitution is preferably not geminal disubstitution unless stated otherwise. If not stated elsewhere, suitable optional substituents for a particular group are those as stated for similar groups herein.
Preferable optional substituents on Ar2b as 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-5-yl or 1,4-dioxan-2-yl are mono- or disubstitution by substituents independently selected from (1-4C)alkyl (including geminal disubstitution), (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkylthio, acetamido, (1-4C)alkanoyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl and phenyl].
Preferable optional substituents on CY1 & CY2 are mono- or disubstitution by substituents independently selected from (1-4C)alkyl (including geminal disubstitution), hydroxy, (1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkylthio, acetamido, (1-4C)alkanoyl, cyano, and trifluoromethyl.
Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as methanesulfonate, fumarate, hydrochloride, citrate, maleate, tartrate and (less preferably) hydrobromide. Also suitable are salts formed with phosphoric and sulfuric acid. In another aspect suitable salts are base salts such as an alkali metal salt for example sodium, an alkaline earth metal salt for example calcium or magnesium, an organic amine salt for example triethylamine, morpholine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylethylamine, tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, N-methyl-d-glucamine and amino acids such as lysine. There may be more than one cation or anion depending on the number of charged functions and the valency of the cations or anions. A preferred pharmaceutically-acceptable salt is the sodium salt.
However, to facilitate isolation of the salt during preparation, salts which are less soluble in the chosen solvent may be preferred whether pharmaceutically-acceptable or not.
The compounds of the invention may be administered in the form of a pro-drug which is broken down in the human or animal body to give a compound of the invention. A prodrug may be used to alter or improve the physical and/or pharmacokinetic profile of the parent compound and can be formed when the parent compound contains a suitable group or substituent which can be derivatised to form a prodrug. Examples of pro-drugs include in-vivo hydrolysable esters of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
Various forms of prodrugs are known in the art, for examples see:
Suitable pro-drugs for pyridine or triazole derivatives include acyloxymethyl pyridinium or triazolium salts eg halides; for example a pro-drug such as:
(Ref: T. Yamazaki et al. 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, 2002; Abstract F820).
Suitable pro-drugs of hydroxyl groups are acyl esters of acetal-carbonate esters of formula RCOOC(R,R′)OCO—, where R is (1-4C)alkyl and R′ is (1-4C)alkyl or H. Further suitable prodrugs are carbonate and carabamate esters RCOO— and RNHCOO—.
An in-vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof containing a carboxy or hydroxy group is, for example, a pharmaceutically-acceptable ester which is hydrolysed in the human or animal body to produce the parent alcohol.
Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable esters for carboxy include (1-6C)alkoxymethyl esters for example methoxymethyl, (1-6C)alkanoyloxymethyl esters for example pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidyl esters, (3-8C)cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy(1-6C)alkyl esters for example 1-cyclohexylcarbonyloxyethyl; 1,3-dioxolan-2-onylmethyl esters for example 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl; and (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters for example 1-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl and may be formed at any carboxy group in the compounds of this invention.
An in-vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof containing a hydroxy group or groups includes inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphoramidic cyclic esters) and α-acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in-vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group/s. Examples of α-acyloxyalkyl ethers include acetoxymethoxy and 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxymethoxy. A selection of in-vivo hydrolysable ester forming groups for hydroxy include (1-10C)alkanoyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, (1-10C)alkoxycarbonyl (to give alkyl carbonate esters), di-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl and N-(di-(1-4C)alkylaminoethyl)-N-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl (to give carbamates), di-(1-4C)alkylaminoacetyl, carboxy(2-5C)alkylcarbonyl and carboxyacetyl. Examples of ring substituents on phenylacetyl and benzoyl include chloromethyl or aminomethyl, (1-4C)alkylaminomethyl and di-((1-4C)alkyl)aminomethyl, and morpholino or piperazino linked from a ring nitrogen atom via a methylene linking group to the 3- or 4-position of the benzoyl ring. Other interesting in-vivo hydrolysable esters include, for example, RAC(O)(1-6C)alkyl-CO— (wherein RA is for example, optionally substituted benzyloxy-(1-4C)alkyl, or optionally substituted phenyl; suitable substituents on a phenyl group in such esters include, for example, 4-(1-4C)piperazino-(1-4C)alkyl, piperazino-(1-4C)alkyl and morpholino-(1-4C)alkyl.
Suitable in-vivo hydrolysable esters of a compound of the formula (I) are described as follows. For example, a 1,2-diol may be cyclised to form a cyclic ester of formula (PD1) or a pyrophosphate of formula (PD2), and a 1,3-diol may be cyclised to form a cyclic ester of the formula (PD3):
Esters of compounds of formula (I) wherein the HO— function/s in (PD1), (PD2) and (PD3) are protected by (1-4C)alkyl, phenyl or benzyl are useful intermediates for the preparation of such pro-drugs.
Further in-vivo hydrolysable esters include phosphoramidic esters, and also compounds of invention in which any free hydroxy group independently forms a phosphoryl (npd is 1) or phosphiryl (npd is 0) ester of the formula (PD4):
For the avoidance of doubt, phosphono is —P(O)(OH)2; (1-4C)alkoxy(hydroxy)-phosphoryl is a mono-(1-4C)alkoxy derivative of —O—P(O)(OH)2; and di-(1-4C)alkoxyphosphoryl is a di-(1-4C)alkoxy derivative of —O—P(O)(OH)2.
Useful intermediates for the preparation of such esters include compounds containing a group/s of formula (PD4) in which either or both of the —OH groups in (PD1) is independently protected by (1-4C)alkyl (such compounds also being interesting compounds in their own right), phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl (such phenyl groups being optionally substituted by 1 or 2 groups independently selected from (1-4C)alkyl, nitro, halo and (1-4C)alkoxy).
Thus, prodrugs containing groups such as (PD1), (PD2), (PD3) and (PD4) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of invention containing suitable hydroxy group/s with a suitably protected phosphorylating agent (for example, containing a chloro or dialkylamino leaving group), followed by oxidation (if necessary) and deprotection.
Other suitable prodrugs include phosphonooxymethyl ethers and their salts, for example a prodrug of R—OH such as:
When a compound of invention contains a number of free hydroxy group, those groups not being converted into a prodrug functionality may be protected (for example, using a t-butyl-dimethylsilyl group), and later deprotected. Also, enzymatic methods may be used to selectively phosphorylate or dephosphorylate alcohol functionalities.
Where pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of an in-vivo hydrolysable ester may be formed this is achieved by conventional techniques. Thus, for example, compounds containing a group of formula (PD1), (PD2), (PD3) and/or (PD4) may ionise (partially or fully) to form salts with an appropriate number of counter-ions. Thus, by way of example, if an in-vivo hydrolysable ester prodrug of a compound of invention contains two (PD4) groups, there are four HO—P— functionalities present in the overall molecule, each of which may form an appropriate salt (i.e. the overall molecule may form, for example, a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-sodium salt).
The compounds of the present invention have a chiral centre at the C-5 positions of the oxazolidinone ring. The pharmaceutically active diastereomer is of the formula (Ia):
which is generally the (5R) configuration, depending on the nature of R1b and C.
Furthermore, some compounds of the invention may have other chiral centres. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses all such optical and diastereoisomers, and racemic mixtures, that possess antibacterial activity. It is well known in the art how to prepare optically-active forms (for example by resolution of the racemic form by recrystallisation techniques, by chiral synthesis, by enzymatic resolution, by biotransformation or by chromatographic separation) and how to determine antibacterial activity as described hereinafter.
The invention relates to all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention that possess antibacterial activity.
It is also to be understood that certain compounds of the invention can exist in solvated as well as unsolvated forms such as, for example, hydrated forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses all such solvated forms which possess antibacterial activity.
It is also to be understood that certain compounds of the invention may exhibit polymorphism, and that the invention encompasses all such forms which possess antibacterial activity.
As stated before, we have discovered a range of compounds that have good activity against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens including organisms known to be resistant to most commonly used antibiotics, together with activity against fastidious Gram negative pathogens such as H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia strains. The following compounds possess preferred pharmaceutical and/or physical and/or pharmacokinetic properties.
In one embodiment of the invention are provided compounds of formula (I), in an alternative embodiment are provided pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of compounds of formula (I), in a further alternative embodiment are provided in-vivo hydrolysable esters of compounds of formula (I), and in a further alternative embodiment are provided pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of in-vivo hydrolysable esters of compounds of formula (I).
In one aspect, an in-vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of the formula (I) is a phosphoryl ester (as defined by formula (PD4) with npd as 1).
Compounds of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein C is selected from group D or group E represent separate and independent aspects of the invention.
Particularly preferred compounds of the invention comprise a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein the substituents R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b, R3a, R6a and R6b and other substituents mentioned above have values disclosed hereinbefore, or any of the following values (which may be used where appropriate with any of the definitions and embodiments disclosed hereinbefore or hereinafter):
In one embodiment are provided compounds of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof wherein group C is group D.
In another embodiment are provided compounds of the formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof wherein group C is group E.
In one aspect R2a and &a are hydrogen.
In one aspect one R2b and R6b is fluoro and the other is hydrogen. In another aspect both one R2b and R6b are fluoro. In a further aspect R2b is fluoro and R6b is selected from C1, CF3, Me, Et, OMe and SMe.
In one aspect one of R2b and R6b is chloro and other hydrogen.
In another aspect one of R2b and R6b is CF3 and the other hydrogen.
In another aspect one of R2b and R6b is Me and the other hydrogen.
In another aspect one of R2b and R6b is Et and the other hydrogen.
In another aspect one of R2b and R6b is OMe and the other hydrogen.
In another aspect one of R2b and R6b is SMe and the other hydrogen.
In one aspect R3a is selected from H, (1-4C)alkyl, cyano, Br, F, Cl, OH, (1-4C)alkoxy, —S(1-4C)alkyl, amino, nitro and —CHO. In a further aspect R3a is selected from H, Cl, Br, F, Me, Et, OMe and SMe.
In one aspect R1b is —NHC(═O)R24. In another aspect R1b is —NHC(═S)R24.
In one aspect R24 is hydrogen, amino, —NHR26 or —N(R26)(R27) wherein R26 and R27 are as defined hereinbefore or hereinafter.
In another aspect R24 is (2-6C)alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 halogen atoms.
In another aspect R24 is selected from fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, bromomethyl, azidomethyl and cyanomethyl.
In another aspect R24 is selected from hydroxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl, methylthiomethyl and methoxymethyl.
In another aspect R24 is selected from ethynylmethyl and (1-4C)alkoxycarbonylmethyl.
In a further aspect, R24 is selected from -(1-8C)alkylaryl (for example 1-8C)alkylphenyl, such as -(1-6C)alkylphenyl, such as -(1-4C)alkylphenyl, for example benzyl) and per-halo(1-8C)alkyl (for example perfluoro(1-8C)alkyl (such as perfluoro(1-6C)alkyl or perfluoro(1-4C)alkyl, for example trifluoromethyl and pentaflouroethyl), or perchloro(1-8C)alkyl (such as perchloro(1-6C)alkyl or perchloro(1-4C)alkyl, for example trichloromethyl and pentachloroethyl).
In a further aspect R24 is —O R26 or —S R26, preferably wherein R26 is optionally substituted (1-4C)alkyl.
In a further aspect R24 is selected from (2-4C)alkenyl, —(CH2)p(3-6C)cycloalkyl and —(CH2)p(3-6C)cycloalkenyl wherein p is 0, 1 or 2, and preferably wherein p is 1 or 2. In this aspect R24 is for example selected from ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, methylcyclopropyl, methylcyclobutyl, methylcyclopenyl, methylcyclohexyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, methylcyclopropenyl, ethylcyclopropenyl, methylcyclobutenyl and methylcyclohexenyl.
In a further aspect R24 is 5-halo-2-thienyl.
Conveniently R24 is selected from cyclopropyl, dichloromethyl, methylthio and methoxy.
In one aspect R25 is selected from hydrogen, phenyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, fluorenyloxycarbonyl and benzyloxycarbonyl. Preferably R25 is hydrogen.
In another aspect, R25 is selected from (3-6C)cycloalkyl and (1-6C)alkyl (optionally substituted with cyano or (1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl).
In a further aspect R25 is selected from —CO2R28, —C(═O)R28, —C(═O)SR28, —C(═S)R29, P(O)(OR29)(OR30) and O2R31, wherein R28, R29, R30 and R31 are as defined hereinbefore or hereinafter.
In one aspect, R28 is selected from (3-6C)cycloalkyl and (1-6C)alkyl (optionally substituted as hereinbefore described).
In another aspect R28 is selected from phenyl, benzyl and (1-5C)alkanoyl.
In a further aspect R28 is hydrogen.
In one aspect R26 is selected from hydrogen, phenyl (optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkyl substituted with one, two or three halogen atoms) and (1-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted with one, two or three halogen atoms.
In one aspect R27 is selected from hydrogen, phenyl (optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halogen, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkyl substituted with one, two or three halogen atoms) and (1-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted with one, two or three halogen atoms.
In another aspect R26 and R27 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholinyl ring, which ring may be optionally substituted by a group selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, (1-4C)alkanoyl, —COO(1-4C)alkyl, —S(O)n(1-4C)alkyl (wherein n=1 or 2), —COOAR1, —CS(1-4C)alkyl and —C(═S)O(1-4C)alkyl. Conveniently, substituents on such a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholinyl ring are (1-4C)alkyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, (1-4C)alkanoyl, —COO(1-4C)alkyl and —COOAR1.
In one aspect R4 is selected from R4a.
In another, preferred, aspect R4 is selected from R4b.
In one aspect R4a is selected from (1-4C)alkyl, (3-6C)cycloalkyl, AR1, AR2, (1-4C)acyl, —CS(1-4C)alkyl, —C(═W)NRvRw [wherein W is O or S, Rv and Rw are independently H, or (1-4C)alkyl], —COO(1-4C)alkyl, —C═OAR1, —C═OAR2, —COOAR1, —S(O)n(1-4C)alkyl (wherein n=1 or 2), —S(O)pAR1, —S(O)pAR2 and —C(═S)O(1-4C)alkyl; wherein any (1-4C)alkyl chain may be optionally substituted by (1-4C)alkyl, cyano, hydroxy or halo; p=0, 1 or 2).
In a further aspect R4a is selected from azido, —NR7R8, OR10(1-4C)alkoxy, —(CH2)m—R9 and —(C═O)l—R6,
In one aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-A, HET3-B, HET3-C, HET3-D and HET3-E.
In another aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-F, HET3-G, HET3-H and HET3-I.
In another aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-J, HET3-K, HET3-L, HET3-M, HET3-N, HET3-O, HET3-P, HET3-Q, HET3-R and HET3-S.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-J, HET3-L, HET3-M, HET3-N, HET3-P, HET3-Q, HET3-R and HET3-S.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-L and HET3-M.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-P and HET3-Q In a further aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-T, HET3-U, HET3-V, HET3-W, HET3-X and HET3-Y.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected HET3-T, HET3-V, HET3-Y and HET-3-W.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected HET3-V, and HET3-Y.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected HET3-U, and HET3-X.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected HET3-T, and HET3-W.
In a further aspect HET-3 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH.
In one embodiment, when Z is S, HET3 is triazolyl.
In another embodiment, when Z is S, HET3 is not tetrazolyl.
When m=1, in one aspect R1a is selected from R1a1; in another aspect R1a is selected from R1a2; in a further aspect R1a is selected from R1a3, in a further aspect R1a is selected from R1a4 and in a further aspect R1a is selected from R1a5.
When m=2, in one aspect both groups R1a are independently selected from the same group R1a1 to R1a5. In a further aspect when m=2, each R1a is independently selected from different groups R1a1 to R1a5.
Conveniently m is 1 or 2. In one aspect, preferably m is 1. In another aspect, preferably m is 2.
Particular values for R1a when selected from R1a1 are AR1 and AR2, more particularly AR2.
Particular values for R1a when selected from R1a2 are cyano and —C(═W)NRvRw [wherein W is O or S, Rv and Rw are independently H, or (1-4C)alkyl and wherein Rv and Rw taken together with the amide or thioamide nitrogen to which they are attached can form a 5-7 membered ring optionally with an additional heteroatom selected from N, O, S(O)n in place of 1 carbon atom of the so formed ring; wherein when said ring is a piperazine ring, the ring is substituted on the additional nitrogen by a group selected from (1-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on a carbon not adjacent to the nitrogen), (3-6C)cycloalkyl, (1-4C)alkanoyl, —COO(1-4C)alkyl, —S(O)n(1-4C)alkyl (wherein n=1 or 2;), —COOAR1, —CS(1-4C)alkyl and —C(═S)O(1-4C)alkyl; wherein any (1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkanoyl and (3-6C)cycloalkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, hydroxy or halo]. More particular values for R1a when selected from R1a2 are cyano, formyl, —COO(1-4C)alkyl, —C(═O)NH2, —(C═O)morpholine and —(C═O)piperazine (substituted as hereinbefore described). Further particular values for R1a when selected from R1a2 is —(C═O)piperazine (substituted as hereinbefore described).
Particular values for R1a when selected from R1a3 are (1-10C)alkyl {optionally substituted by one or more groups (including geminal disubstitution) each independently selected from hydroxy, (1-10C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkylcarbonyl, phosphoryl [—O—P(O)(OH)2, and mono- and di-(1-4C)alkoxy derivatives thereof], phosphiryl [—O—P(OH)2 and mono- and di-(1-4C)alkoxy derivatives thereof], and amino; and/or optionally substituted by one group selected from carboxy, cyano, halo, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl, (1-4C)alkylamino, di((1-4C)alkyl)amino, (1-6C)alkanoylamino-, (1-4C)alkoxycarbonylamino-, N-(1-4C)alkyl-N-(1-6C)alkanoylamino-, —C(═W)NRvRw [wherein W is O, Rv and Rw are independently H, or (1-4C)alkyl and wherein Rv and Rw taken together with the amide nitrogen to which they are attached can form a morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine or piperazine ring; wherein when said ring is a piperazine ring, the ring may be optionally substituted on the additional nitrogen by a group selected from (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkanoyl], (1-4C)alkylS(O)q—, (q is 0, 1 or 2), AR2, AR2-O—, AR2-NH—, and also AR2a, AR2b versions of AR2 containing groups}; wherein any (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkanoyl present in any substituent on R1a3 may itself be substituted by one or two groups independently selected from cyano, hydroxy, halo, amino, (1-4C)alkylamino and di(1-4C)alkylamino, provided that such a substituent is not on a carbon adjacent to a heteroatom atom if present;
More particular values for R1a when selected from R1a3 are (1-10C)alkyl [optionally substituted by one or more groups (including geminal disubstitution) each independently selected from hydroxy, (1-10C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy, phosphoryl [—O—P(O)(OH)2, and mono- and di-(1-4C)alkoxy derivatives thereof], phosphiryl [—O—P(OH)2 and mono- and di-(1-4C)alkoxy derivatives thereof], carboxy, amino, (1-4C)alkylamino, di(1-4C)alkylamino, (1-4C)alkylS(O)q (preferably where q=2), AR2 and AR2b. More particular values for R1a when selected from R1a3 are (1-6C)alkyl substituted as hereinbefore described. Even more particular values for R1a when selected from R1a3 are (1-4C)alkyl substituted as hereinbefore described.
Particular values for substituents on a (1-10C)alkyl, (1-6C)alkyl or (1-4C)alkyl group comprising R1a3 are hydroxy, (1-10C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy, (1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy-(1-4C)alkoxy, phosphoryl [—O—P(O)(OH)2, and mono- and di-(1-4C)alkoxy derivatives thereof], phosphiryl [—O—P(OH)2 and mono- and di-(1-4C)alkoxy derivatives thereof] and carboxy. Preferably R1a3 is a (1-4C)alkyl group substituted with 1 or 2 hydroxy groups.
Particular values for R1a when selected from R1a4 are R14C(O)O(1-6C)alkyl- wherein R14 is selected from AR1, AR2, AR2a, AR2b and (1-10C)alkyl (optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from OH and di (1-4C)alkylamino. More particular vales for R14 are AR2a, AR2b and (1-6C)alkyl substituted with hydroxy. More particular values for R14 are AR2a, AR2b and (1-4C)alkyl substituted with hydroxy.
Particular values for R1a when selected from R1a5 are fluoro, chloro and hydroxy.
Particular values for other substituents (which may be used where appropriate with any of the definitions and embodiments disclosed hereinbefore or hereinafter) are:—
In one embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof,
wherein group C is group D; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R4 is selected from HET-3.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group D; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R4 is selected from HET3-T, HET3-U, HET3-V, HET3-W, HET3-X and HET3-Y.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group D; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group D; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH; m=1 and R1a is selected from R1a3.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group E; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R44 is selected from HET3-T, HET3-U, HET3-V, HET3-W, HET3-X and HET3-Y.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group E; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group E; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH; m=1 and R1a is is selected from R1a3.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group D; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; R4 is selected from HET3-T, HET3-U, HET3-V, HET3-W, HET3-X and HET3-Y, and R1b is —NHC(O)R24.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group D; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH, and R1b is —NHC(O)R24.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group D; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH; m=1, R1a is selected from R1a3, and R1b is —NHC(O)R24.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group E; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R4 is selected from HET3-T, HET3-U, HET3-V, HET3-W, HET3-X and HET3-Y, and R1b is —NHC(O)R24.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group E; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; and R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH, and R1b is —NHC(O)R24.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group E; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; R4 is selected from HET3-Z, HET3-AA, HET3-AB, HET3-AC, HET3-AD, HET3-AE, HET3-AF, HET3-AG and HET3-AH; m=1, R1a is selected from R1a3, and R1b is —NHC(O)R24.
In another embodiment is provided a compound of the formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, wherein group C is group E; R2a and R6a are both hydrogen; R2b and R6b are independently hydrogen or fluorine; R4 is HET3-V, R1b is —NHC(O)R24, R24 is cyclopropyl, methoxy or methylthio.
In all of the above definitions the preferred compounds are as shown in formula (Ia).
Particular compounds of the present invention include each individual compound described in the Examples, each of which provides a separate aspect of the invention.
Process Section:
In a further aspect the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof. It will be appreciated that during certain of the following processes certain substituents may require protection to prevent their undesired reaction. The skilled chemist will appreciate when such protection is required, and how such protecting groups may be put in place, and later removed.
For examples of protecting groups see one of the many general texts on the subject, for example, ‘Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis’ by Theodora Green (publisher: John Wiley & Sons). Protecting groups may be removed by any convenient method as described in the literature or known to the skilled chemist as appropriate for the removal of the protecting group in question, such methods being chosen so as to effect removal of the protecting group with minimum disturbance of groups elsewhere in the molecule.
Thus, if reactants include, for example, groups such as amino, carboxy or hydroxy it may be desirable to protect the group in some of the reactions mentioned herein.
A suitable protecting group for an amino or alkylamino group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an alkoxycarbonyl group, for example a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, an arylmethoxycarbonyl group, for example benzyloxycarbonyl, or an aroyl group, for example benzoyl. The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or alkoxycarbonyl group or an aroyl group may be removed for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively an acyl group such as a t-butoxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid as hydrochloric, sulfuric or phosphoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid and an arylmethoxycarbonyl group such as a benzyloxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon, or by treatment with a Lewis acid for example boron tris(trifluoroacetate). A suitable alternative protecting group for a primary amino group is, for example, a phthaloyl group which may be removed by treatment with an alkylaamine, for example dimethylaminopropylamine, or with hydrazine.
A suitable protecting group for a hydroxy group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an aroyl group, for example benzoyl, or an arylmethyl group, for example benzyl. The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups will necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or an aroyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively an arylmethyl group such as a benzyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon.
A suitable protecting group for a carboxy group is, for example, an esterifying group, for example a methyl or an ethyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a base such as sodium hydroxide, or for example a t-butyl group which may be removed, for example, by treatment with an acid, for example an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, or for example a benzyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon. Resins may also be used as a protecting group.
The protecting groups may be removed at any convenient stage in the synthesis using conventional techniques well known in the chemical art.
A compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, may be prepared by any process known to be applicable to the preparation of chemically-related compounds. Such processes, when used to prepare a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or an in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, are provided as a further feature of the invention and are illustrated by the following representative examples. Necessary starting materials may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry (see, for example, Advanced Organic Chemistry (Wiley-Interscience), Jerry March). The preparation of such starting materials is described within the accompanying non-limiting Examples. Alternatively, necessary starting materials are obtainable by analogous procedures to those illustrated which are within the ordinary skill of an organic chemist. Information on the preparation of necessary starting materials or related compounds (which may be adapted to form necessary starting materials) may also be found in the certain Patent Application Publications, the contents of the relevant process sections of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference; for example WO 94-13649; WO 98-54161; WO 99-64416; WO 99-64417; WO 00-21960; WO 0140222. In particular we refer to our PCT patent applications WO 99/64417 and WO 00/21960 wherein detailed guidance is given on convenient methods for preparing oxazolidinone compounds.
The skilled organic chemist will be able to use and adapt the information contained and referenced within the above references, and accompanying Examples therein and also the Examples herein, to obtain necessary starting materials, and products. For example, the skilled chemist will be able to apply the teaching herein for compounds of formula (I) in which two central phenyl groups are present (that is when group C is group D) to prepare compounds in which group C is any of groups E to L as hereinbefore defined. Similarly, in the processes illustrated below the skilled chemist will be able to apply the teaching as necessary to prepare compounds in which both rings A and B are isoxazoline and those compounds in which one of rings A and B is isoxazoline and the other oxazolidinone.
Thus, the present invention also provides that the compounds of the invention and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof, can be prepared by a process (a) to (f); and thereafter if necessary:
The removal of any protecting groups, the formation of a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt and/or the formation of an in vivo hydrolysable ester are within the skill of an ordinary organic chemist using standard techniques. Furthermore, details on the these steps, for example the preparation of in-vivo hydrolysable ester prodrugs has been provided, for example, in the section above on such esters.
When an optically active form of a compound of the invention is required, it may be obtained by carrying out one of the above procedures using an optically active starting material (formed, for example, by asymmetric induction of a suitable reaction step), or by resolution of a racemic form of the compound or intermediate using a standard procedure, or by chromatographic separation of diastereoisomers (when produced). Enzymatic techniques may also be useful for the preparation of optically active compounds and/or intermediates.
Similarly, when a pure regioisomer of a compound of the invention is required, it may be obtained by carrying out one of the above procedures using a pure regioisomer as a starting material, or by resolution of a mixture of the regioisomers or intermediates using a standard procedure.
According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy.
According to a further feature of the present invention there is provided a method for producing an antibacterial effect in a warm blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof.
The invention also provides a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, for use as a medicament; and the use of a compound of the invention of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the production of an antibacterial effect in a warm blooded animal, such as man.
In order to use a compound of the invention, an in-vivo hydrolysable ester or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, including a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of an in-vivo hydrolysable ester, (hereinafter in this section relating to pharmaceutical composition “a compound of this invention”) for the therapeutic (including prophylactic) treatment of mammals including humans, in particular in treating infection, it is normally formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition.
Therefore in another aspect the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the invention, an in-vivo hydrolysable ester or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, including a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of an in-vivo hydrolysable ester, and a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
The compositions of the invention may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration as eye-drops, for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, sub-lingual, intramuscular or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing).
In addition to the compounds of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition of this invention may also contain (ie through co-formulation) or be co-administered (simultaneously, sequentially or separately) with one or more known drugs selected from other clinically useful antibacterial agents (for example, β-lactams, macrolides, quinolones or aminoglycosides) and/or other anti-infective agents (for example, an antifungal triazole or amphotericin). These may include carbapenems, for example meropenem or imipenem, to broaden the therapeutic effectiveness. Compounds of this invention may also be co-formulated or co-administered with bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) products or efflux pump inhibitors to improve activity against gram negative bacteria and bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents. Compounds of this invention may also be co-formulated or co-administered with a vitamin, for example Vitamin B, such as Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12 and folic acid. Compounds of the invention may also be formulated or co-administered with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, particularly COX-2 inhibitors.
In one aspect of the invention, a compound of the invention is co-formulated with an antibacterial agent which is active against gram-positive bacteria.
In another aspect of the invention, a compound of the invention is co-formulated with an antibacterial agent which is active against gram-negative bacteria.
In another aspect of the invention, a compound of the invention is co-administered with an antibacterial agent which is active against gram-positive bacteria.
In another aspect of the invention, a compound of the invention is co-administered with an antibacterial agent which is active against gram-negative bacteria.
The compositions of the invention may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipients, well known in the art. Thus, compositions intended for oral use may contain, for example, one or more colouring, sweetening, flavouring and/or preservative agents. A pharmaceutical composition to be dosed intravenously may contain advantageously (for example to enhance stability) a suitable bactericide, antioxidant or reducing agent, or a suitable sequestering agent.
Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for a tablet formulation include, for example, inert diluents such as lactose, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate, granulating and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or algenic acid; binding agents such as starch; lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc; preservative agents such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and anti-oxidants, such as ascorbic acid. Tablet formulations may be uncoated or coated either to modify their disintegration and the subsequent absorption of the active ingredient within the gastrointestinal tract, or to improve their stability and/or appearance, in either case, using conventional coating agents and procedures well known in the art.
Compositions for oral use may be in the form of hard gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
Aqueous suspensions generally contain the active ingredient in finely powdered form together with one or more suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents such as lecithin or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids (for example polyoxethylene stearate), or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives (such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, anti-oxidants (such as ascorbic acid), colouring agents, flavouring agents, and/or sweetening agents (such as sucrose, saccharine or aspartame).
Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil (such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil) or in a mineral oil (such as liquid paraffin). The oily suspensions may also contain a thickening agent such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set out above, and flavouring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water generally contain the active ingredient together with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients such as sweetening, flavouring and colouring agents, may also be present.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, such as for example liquid paraffin or a mixture of any of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be, for example, naturally-occurring gums such as gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides such as soya bean, lecithin, an esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides (for example sorbitan monooleate) and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening, flavouring and preservative agents.
Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents such as glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, aspartame or sucrose, and may also contain a demulcent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent.
The pharmaceutical compositions may also be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspension, which may be formulated according to known procedures using one or more of the appropriate dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents, which have been mentioned above. A sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Solubility enhancing agents, for example cyclodextrins may be used.
Compositions for administration by inhalation may be in the form of a conventional pressurised aerosol arranged to dispense the active ingredient either as an aerosol containing finely divided solid or liquid droplets. Conventional aerosol propellants such as volatile fluorinated hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons may be used and the aerosol device is conveniently arranged to dispense a metered quantity of active ingredient.
For further information on formulation the reader is referred to Chapter 25.2 in Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board), Pergamon Press 1990.
The amount of active ingredient that is combined with one or more excipients to produce a single dosage form will necessarily vary depending upon the host treated and the particular route of administration. For example, a formulation intended for oral administration to humans will generally contain, for example, from 50 mg to 5 g of active agent compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of excipients which may vary from about 5 to about 98 percent by weight of the total composition. Dosage unit forms will generally contain about 200 mg to about 2 g of an active ingredient. For further information on Routes of Administration and Dosage Regimes the reader is referred to Chapter 25.3 in Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board), Pergamon Press 1990.
A suitable pharmaceutical composition of this invention is one suitable for oral administration in unit dosage form, for example a tablet or capsule which contains between 1 mg and 1 g of a compound of this invention, preferably between 100 mg and 1 g of a compound. Especially preferred is a tablet or capsule which contains between 50 mg and 800 mg of a compound of this invention, particularly in the range 100 mg to 500 mg.
In another aspect a pharmaceutical composition of the invention is one suitable for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, for example an injection which contains between 0.1% w/v and 50% w/v (between 1 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml) of a compound of this invention.
Each patient may receive, for example, a daily intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular dose of 0.5 mgkg−1 to 20 mgkg−1 of a compound of this invention, the composition being administered 1 to 4 times per day. In another embodiment a daily dose of 5 mgkg−1 to 20 mgkg−1 of a compound of this invention is administered. The intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular dose may be given by means of a bolus injection. Alternatively the intravenous dose may be given by continuous infusion over a period of time. Alternatively each patient may receive a daily oral dose which may be approximately equivalent to the daily parenteral dose, the composition being administered 1 to 4 times per day.
In the above other, pharmaceutical composition, process, method, use and medicament manufacture features, the alternative and preferred embodiments of the compounds of the invention described herein also apply.
Antibacterial Activity:
The pharmaceutically-acceptable compounds of the present invention are useful antibacterial agents having a good spectrum of activity in vitro against standard Gram-positive organisms, which are used to screen for activity against pathogenic bacteria. Notably, the pharmaceutically-acceptable compounds of the present invention show activity against enterococci, pneumococci and methicillin resistant strains of S. aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci, together with haemophilus and moraxella strains. The antibacterial spectrum and potency of a particular compound may be determined in a standard test system.
The (antibacterial) properties of the compounds of the invention may also be demonstrated and assessed in-vivo in conventional tests, for example by oral and/or intravenous dosing of a compound to a warm-blooded mammal using standard techniques.
The following results were obtained on a standard in-vitro test system. The activity is described in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by the agar-dilution technique with an inoculum size of 104 CFU/spot. Typically, compounds are active in the range 0.01 to 256 μg/ml.
Staphylococci were tested on agar, using an inoculum of 104 CFU/spot and an incubation temperature of 37° C. for 24 hours—standard test conditions for the expression of methicillin resistance.
Streptococci and enterococci were tested on agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood, an inoculum of 104 CFU/spot and an incubation temperature of 37° C. in an atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide for 48 hours—blood is required for the growth of some of the test organisms. Fastidious Gram negative organisms were tested in Mueller-Hinton broth, supplemented with hemin and NAD, grown aerobically for 24 hours at 37° C., and with an innoculum of 5×104 CPU/well.
For example, the following results were obtained for the compound of Example 2:
MSQS = methicillin sensitive and quinolone sensitive
MRQR = methicillin resistant and quinolone resistant
Certain intermediates and/or Reference Examples described hereinafter are within the scope of the invention and may also possess useful activity, and are provided as a further feature of the invention.
The invention is now illustrated but not limited by the following Examples in which unless otherwise stated:—
A stirred mixture ({(5S)-3-[3-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-on-5-yl}methyl)carbamic acid methyl ester (219 mg, 0.55 mmol), 5-bromo-2-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine (147 mg, 0.61 mmol) and sodium carbonate (235 mg, 2.2 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide:water (10:1; 5 mL) was degassed and maintained under an atmoshpere of nitrogen. The mixture was treated with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (64 mg, 10 mol %) and then heated at 70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and evapourated under reduced pressure. The involatile residue was fractionated by chromatography on silica gel [elution with dichloromethane:N,N-dimethylformamide (30:1)] to give the crude product as a solution in eluent. The solution in eluent was concentrated to a small volume (ca. 2 mL) and then treated with dichloromethane (5 mL) and hexanes (20 mL) to give a precipitate. The precipitate was isolated by filtration to give the title compound as a colorless solid (149 mg, 63%).
MS (ESP): 428.20 (MH+) for C19H18FN7O4
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 3.37 (m, 2H); 3.53 (s, 2H); 3.84 (dd, 1H); 4.19 (dd, 1H); 4.44 (s, 3H); 4.76 (m, 1H); 7.49 (m, 1H); 7.55 (dd, 1H); 7.67 (m, 1H); 7.77 (m, 1H); 8.25-8.34 (m, 2H); 9.00 (s, 1H).
The intermediates for Example 1 were prepared as follows:
A stirred solution of 2,5-dibromopyridine (39.465 g, 0.17 mol) in anhydrous NMP (100 mL) was treated with CuCN (14.42 g, 0.17 mol) for 20 hours at 110° C. under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was cooled to 40° C. and treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2M; 200 mL) and then with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then filtered through Celite to remove the resulting precipitate. The retained solid was washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide (2M; 600 mL) and then with ethyl acetate (600 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with aqueous ammonium hydroxide (5M; 800 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The involatile residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel [elution gradient 1% to 7% of ethyl acetate in hexanes] to give the title compound (8.538 g, 28%), as a colorless amorphous solid.
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) (300 MHz) δ 8.05 (d, 1H); 8.40 (dd, 1H); 8.95 (d, 1H).
A mixture of 3-bromo-6-cyano-pyridine (2 g, 10.9 mmol), sodium azide (0.85 g, 13 mmol), and ammonium chloride (0.59 g, 11 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was heated for 1 h at 120° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and the product was isolated by filtration and then washed with ethyl acetate to give the title compound, an off-white amorphous solid which was used in the next step without further purification.
Bromo-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine and 5-bromo-2-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine were prepared according to the procedure described by Dong A Pharmaceuticals (WO 01/94342).
A mixture of 6.5 g unpurified 5-bromo-2-tetrazol-5-ylpyridine [Dong A Pharmaceuticals (WO 01/94342)] (−28 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (9 g, 125 mmol) in dry DMF was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. A stirred solution of the involatile residue in dry DMF (50 mL) was treated dropwise at ice-bath temperature with iodomethane (3.0 mL, 48 mmol). The stirred reaction mixture was allowed to warm and then maintained at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between iced water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, and tehn evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by chromatography on silica gel [elution with dichloromethane:ethyl acetate (60:1)] to give:
Structure assignment based on nmr HMBC experiments, in which long range coupling of the protons of CH3 to the C5 of the tetrazole ring is observed in the 1-methyl-1H-isomer of Rf 0.3, but not in the 2-methyl-2H-isomer of Rf 0.1). The compound referred to as 5-bromo-2-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine is thus the isomer of Rf 0.3 and the compound referred to as 5-bromo-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine is thus the isomer of Rf 0.1
A stired solution of (5S)-3-(3-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-on-5-ylmethylcarbamic acid methyl ester (285 mg, 0.72 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (459 mg, 1.8 mmol) and potassium acetate (248 mg, 2.5 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (7 mL) was degassed and maintained under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The mixture was treated with dichloro[1,1′]bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium (II) dichloromethane adduct (40 mg, 0.05 mmol) and then heated to 80° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetate and aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×) and the combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The involatile residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel [elution with hexanes:ethyl acetate (1:1) and then hexanes:acetone (2:1)] to give the title compound (221 mg, 78%).
MS (ESP): 395.14 (MH+) for C18H24BFN2O6
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 1.28 (s, 2H); 3.34 (m, 2H); 3.52 (s, 3H); 3.77 (dd, 1H); 4.12 (dd, 1H); 4.72 (m, 1H); 7.32 (m, 1H); 7.42 (m, 1H); 7.53 (dd, 1H); 7.63 (m, 1H).
A suspension of N-{[(5S)-3-(3-fluoroiodophenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-on-5-yl]methyl}acetamide (15.00 g, 40.00 mmol) in methanol (475 ml) and hydrochloric acid (6N, 475 ml) was heated at 65° C. for ca. 5 days and then cooled to 0° C. The product crystallized and was collected by filtration to give the title compound (6.14 g).
MS (ESP): 337 (M+1) for C10H10FIN2O2
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 3.17-3.29 (m, 2H); 3.89 (dd, 1H); 4.19 (t, 1H); 4.99 (m, 1H); 7.17 (dd, 1H); 7.55 (dd, 1H); 7.85 (t, 1H); 8.46 (br s, 2H).
A stirred suspension of (5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (2.00 g, 5.95 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml) and pyridine (1.00 ml, 12.36 mmol) was treated dropwise at 0° C. with methy chloroformate (0.60 ml, 7.76 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour, then warmed to room temperature and stirred for a further ca. 16 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed sequentially with brine and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound (1.3 g) sufficiently pure for use in the subsequent step.
MS (ESP): 395 (M+1) for C12H12FIN2O4
1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 3.37 (m, 2H overlapping with water); 3.53 (s, 3H); 3.77 (dd, 1H); 4.11 (t, 1H); 4.74 (m, 1H); 7.19 (dd, 1H); 7.55 (dd, 1H); 7.83 (dd, 1H).
A stirred solution of [[(5R)-3-(3-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)-oxazolidin-2-on-5-ylmethyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (290 mg, 0.72 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (456 mg, 1.8 mmol) and potassium acetate (247 mg, 2.52 mmol) in methylsulfoxide (5 mL) was degassed and maintained under an atnosphere of nitrogen. The mixture was treated with dichloro[1,1′]bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium (II) dichloromethane adduct (40 mg, 0.05 mmol) and then heated to 75° C. for 1 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, filtered through Celite, washed sequentially with water and brine, and then dried over sodium sulfate. Solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the involatile residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel [elution with hexanes:ethyl acetate (1:1)] to give the pinacolatoboronate corresponding to the iodo-starting material (280 mg), which was used without further characterization in the next step.
A stirred mixture of the pinacolatoboronate obtained above, 5-bromo-[2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)]pyridine (175 mg, 0.73 mmol), and potassium carbonate (479 mg, 3.47 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide:water (8 mL, 7:1) was degassed and then maintained under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The mixture was treated with Tetrakis(triphenylphospine)palladium (0) (84 mg, 10 mol %) and then heated at 75° C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through Celite, and then the filtrate was reduced under vacuum to a solution of crude product in a small volume of DMF (˜1.5 mL). The solution of crude product was diluted with dichloromethane (3 mL) and purified by chromatography on silica gel [elution with dichloromethane:N,N-dimethylformamide (20:1) to give the title compound (135 mg, 43% from the iodide) as a colourless amorphous solid.
MS(ESP): 438.29 (MH+) for C21H20FN7O3
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 0.62 (m, 4H); 1.59 (m, 1H); 3.47 (dd, 2H); 3.81 (dd, 1H); 4.19 (dd, 1H); 4.45 (s, 3H); 4.78 (m, 1H); 7.50 (m, 1H); 7.68 (dd, 1H); 7.78 (m, 1H); 8.25-8.35 (m, 2H); 8.49 (dd, 1H); 9.01 (s, 1H).
The intermediate for Example 2 was prepared as follows:
A stirred mixture of [[(5R)-3-(3-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)oxazolidin-2-on-5-yl]methyl]amine (306 mg, 0.91 mmol), cyclopropanecarboxylic acid chloride (286 mg, 2.73 mmol), and triethylamine (0.7 mL, 5 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was maintained at room temperature for 30 minutes, quenched with water, washed with brine, and dried over magnesium sulfate. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residual in volatile product was purified by precipitation from dichloromethane by addition of hexanes to give the title compound (290 mg) sufficiently pure for use in the next step.
MS (ESP): 405.02 (MH+) for C14H14FIN2O3
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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0229521.0 | Dec 2002 | GB | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/GB03/05498 | 12/15/2003 | WO | 6/17/2005 |