Patent Application
20050170969
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu having a high critical current density, and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
An oxide substrate or an oxide board such as MgO, alumina or YSZ, or a metal substrate or a metal board such as Ag, Au, Pt or Ni is formed with an oxide superconductor in film form to function, so as to devise a variety of applied products.
As a method of forming this oxide superconductor into film form, a technique is tried in which oxide superconductive synthetic powder that is oxide superconductor powder, to which an appropriate organic binder is added, is made into paste form, thereafter applied to the surface of the substrate or the board using the screen printing method, the doctor blade method, the spray method, or the like, and burned to thereby form a polycrystalline oxide superconductor thick film.
This technique of forming the oxide superconductor thick film has a quite low manufacturing cost, that is, an advantage because of no need for an expensive single crystal substrate and a large-scale and expensive apparatus requiring a high vacuum system represented by PVD, CVD or the like, and thus it is considered as the technique closest to practical use.
Conventionally, as an oxide superconductor materiel for forming this thick film, it has mainly been tired to use the YBCO family having a composition of Y1Ba2Cu3Ox, the Bi2212 family having a composition of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy, and the Bi2223 family having a composition of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz. (Note that, generally, 0<a<0.5, and this applies to the following.)
When the oxide superconductor thick film is applied here to a practical product, a critical current density (hereafter, described as “Jc”) of 3,500 A/cm2 or more is required at the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
From this point of view, the conventional art of the above-described oxide superconductor is briefly explained.
For example, an oxide superconductor thick film (hereinafter, described as a “thick film”) containing Y1Ba2Cu3Ox can attain a Jc of several hundred A/cm2 at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. A critical current value (hereafter, described as “Ic”) of about several A can be attained in a thick film sample thereof having a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 100 μm.
It is difficult, however, to align the crystal orientation of Y1Ba2Cu3Ox in the form of the thick film of the oxide superconductor, that is, a polycrystal, and accordingly it is difficult to attain the aforesaid Jc or more.
Further, for example, a thick film containing Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy can attain a Jc of 6000 A/cm2 at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, an Ic of about 10 A to about 15 A in a thick film sample thereof having a width of 5 mm, a thickness of 50 μm and so on, and thus it is a potential material.
In this material, however, superconducting characteristics sharply decrease as the film thickness of the sample is increased to attain a higher Ic. As a result, with an increase in film thickness, the value of Jc, obtained by averaging the values of the whole thick film, decreases, such that even a thick film produced having, for example, a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 100 μm has an Ic of about 20 A and a Jc of as small as about 4000 A/cm2. Even if the film thickness is increased more, the Ic does not increase in proportion thereto, but conversely the averaged Jc keeps on decreasing.
Further, for example, as for a thick film containing (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz, a thick film sample having a thickness of 100 μm is currently manufactured and can attain a Jc of several hundred A/cm2 at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, and an Ic of about several A in a thick film sample thereof having a width of 5 mm. The Jc exhibited by this thick film, however, is about one-tenth of the value expected from the value of a Jc offered by a similar bulk body containing (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz. Furthermore, when the film thickness of the thick film is increased to be 100 μm or more to attain a higher Ic, the oxide superconductor peels from the surface of the substrate or the board in the aforesaid burning, and thus the oxide superconductor containing (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz is considered to be difficult to use as a thick film material.
Under the above-described, situation, a problem that the present invention solves is to provide an oxide superconductor thick film having a high Jc and Ic and a method for manufacturing the same.
A first means for solving the above problem according to the present invention is an oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu to be formed on a surface of a substrate or a board, characterized in that
By setting the film thickness of the oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu to be formed on a surface of a substrate or a board at 130 μm or more, the Jc and Ic exhibited by the thick film can be greatly improved.
A second means is an oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu to be formed by applying oxide superconductive synthetic powder onto a surface of a substrate or a board and burning the powder, wherein
The oxide superconductor thick film which has the above-described configuration and contains Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu to be formed on the surface of a substrate or a board has a high Jc and Ic.
A third means is an oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu to be formed on a surface of a substrate or a board, characterized in that
The oxide superconductor thick film which has the above-described configuration and contains Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu to be formed on the surface of a substrate or a board has a high Jc and Ic.
A fourth means is an oxide superconductor structure, characterized in that the oxide superconductor thick film according to any one of the first to the third means is formed on a surface of a substrate or a board.
According to the above-described configuration, an oxide superconductor structure having a high Jc and Ic can be obtained at a low manufacturing cost.
A fifth means is a method for manufacturing an oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu to be formed on a surface of a substrate or a board characterized by comprising the steps of:
when producing the thick film, applying an oxide superconductor paste to the surface of the substrate or the board to have a film thickness of 260 μm or more, and burning the paste at burning temperatures of 830° C. to 850° C.
By employing the above-described manufacturing method, it is possible to manufacture an oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu and having a film thickness of 130 μm or more.
To obtain an oxide superconductor thick film having a high Jc and Ic, the present inventor prepared oxide superconductive synthetic powder containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu, and made the powder into paste form by adding thereto an organic binder and a solvent and thereafter applied it to the surface of a substrate or a board to study on the relationship between the burning temperature of the applied paste and peeling thereof from the surface of the substrate or the board. As a result, the present inventor found that when the burning is performed at temperatures beyond 850° C. at which the burning has been performed conventionally, the crystal growth rate of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz is great to cause a thick film to rapidly grow toward the substrate and the surface of the substrate, resulting in occurrence of peeling thereof from the surface of the substrate or the board.
Hence, after much trial and error to prevent the above-described peeling, the present inventor found that by burning a thick film of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz within a range from 830° C. to 850° C. lower than the burning temperatures in the prior art, more preferably ranging from 835° C. to 840° C., even when a thick film of 130 μm or more is film formed on the surface of a substrate or a board, peeling never occurs as well as the Jc and Ic of the thick film greatly increase.
Hereafter, as an example of the oxide superconductor thick film containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu, a thick film is explained which is obtained by burning a paste of the oxide superconductive synthetic powder containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu (hereafter, described as a “super conductive paste”) applied on the surface of a substrate or a board.
Powders of Bi2O3, PbO, SrCO3, CaCO3 and CuO are weighed to have a desired mole ratio and mixed together. CaCO3 in this case may be CaO or Ca(OH)2. Alternatively, a material may also be used which was prepared such that elements of Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu have a desired mole ratio by the wet coprecipitation method or the like.
Then, this mixed powder is calcined to obtain calcined powder. The calcining conditions are between 600° C. and 1000° C., more preferably 750° C., and 850° C., for 3 hours to 50 hours.
Subsequently, the calcined powder is put in a ceramic pot together with zirconia balls and an organic solvent such as toluene or the like, and ball-milled. This operation can finely mill the calcined powder to improve uniformity thereof and increase thermal reaction of the calcined powder in the following burning step.
The calcined powder in the form of slurry for which the ball milling has been completed is dried in a dryer.
Then, the calcined powder after the drying was burned on burning conditions of 750° C. to 850° C. for 3 hours to 50 hours and then subjected to the above-described ball milling, and thereafter this series of “burning-ball milling-drying” was repeated once to five times (preferably, twice to three times) to prepare superconductive synthetic powder.
The prepared superconductive synthetic powder was mixed with an appropriate organic binder and organic vehicle and kneaded using a triple roller or the like to obtain a superconductive paste.
The obtained superconductive paste was applied to the surface of the substrate or the board in various film thicknesses and dried, and then burned to provide thick film samples of the oxide superconductor.
The film thickness of the thick film sample becomes approximately half the film thickness of the applied superconductive paste, and thus the superconductive paste is suitably applied in a thickness of, for example, about 260 μm to obtain a film thickness of 130 μm, and about 1060 μm to obtain a film thickness of 530 μm.
The burning conditions were set such that the burning temperature ranged from 830° C. to 850° C., more preferably 835° C. to 840° C., and the burning period ranged from 50 hours to 100 hours.
The thick film samples after the burning were compressed with pressures of 2 ton/cm2 to 3 ton/cm2 using a CIP (cold isostatic press) device. The reason is to make plate-like crystals of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz produced by the burning orient such that ab faces thereof through which superconducting current easily flows are aligned in the conducting direction.
The thick film samples after the pressurization and compression were burned again at burning temperatures of 830° C. to 850° C., more preferably 835° C. to 840° C., and burning periods of 50 hours to 100 hours.
This made it possible to eliminate peeling of the thick film samples, even having thicknesses of 100 μm or more, from the surface of the substrate or the board after the burning and to prepare thick film samples having film thicknesses up to about 1000 μm.
As a result, eleven types of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz thick film samples having film thicknesses of 30 μm to 530 μm were prepared in the present embodiment.
The Jcs and Ics of the superconducting characteristics exhibited by these eleven types of thick film samples are explained with reference to FIG. 1 and
It should be noted that the measurement of the Jc and Ic of the thick film sample was performed by providing electrodes on the thick film sample using a silver paste, cooling it to 77 K with liquid nitrogen, measuring the Ic by a four probe method (an energization method), and then calculating the Jc from the measured Ic and the cross-sectional area of the sample.
As is clear from
The Jc did not increase even when the film thickness increased more than that but rather showed a tendency to decrease, but was still 6200 A/cm2 for a film thickness of 530 μm.
On the other hand, as is clear from
Subsequently, six types of thick film samples having film thicknesses of 85 μm, 110 μm, 130 μm, 180 μm, 270 μm and 530 μm were selected from among the prepared eleven types of thick film samples, and their thick films were obtained by peeling and subjected to quantitative analysis by the ICP on the concentration of Pb contained in the thick films. At the same time, a quantitative analysis by the ICP was also conducted on the Pb concentration of the superconductive synthetic powder which was used as the superconductive paste.
The results thereof are explained with reference to
It is found from
Further, six types of thick film samples having film thicknesses of 85 μm, 110 μm, 130 μm, 180 μm, 270 μm and 530 μm were subjected to line analysis in the direction of the film thickness, using the EPMA, on Pb concentrations contained in the thick films.
The results thereof are explained with reference to
The relative strength of the signal of Pb was obtained here by the following method.
First of all, powders of Bi2O3, PbO, SrCO3, CaCO3 and CuO were weighed to have a mole ratio of 1.85:0.35:1.90:2.05:3.05 and mixed together to produce mixed powder.
This mixed powder was calcined in the atmosphere at 780° C. for 10 hours to produce calcined powder.
The calcined powder was put in a ceramic pot together with zirconia balls as milling media and toluene as a solvent and set on a rotating table to be subjected to ball milling, and the calcined powder in the form of slurry for which the ball milling was completed was dried in a dryer.
The calcined powder after completion of the drying was burned again in the atmosphere at 780° C. for 10 hours and then subjected to ball milling and drying. It should be noted that the process was performed on the same milling conditions and drying conditions as those of the first time.
Then, this series of operation of “burning-milling-drying” was repeated three times to obtain superconductive synthetic powder.
The superconductive synthetic powder obtained in the above step was burned at 850° C. for 100 hours and then compressed with a pressure of 3 ton/cm2 using the CIP, and further burned at 850° C. for 100 hours to prepare a bulk body of the oxide superconductor having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm which has a composition of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz. An example of this bulk body exhibited a density of about 5.1 g/cm3 and a Jc of about 5000 A/cm3.
The signal strength of Pb contained in the center part of the bulk body is measured by the EPMA and normalized as 1.
On the other hand, with a, position direct on the surface of the substrate or the board in the thick film sample being 0 μm, a position in the thick film is indicated by the distance therefrom to the surface of the thick film, and the signal strength of Pb contained at each position is measured by the EPMA to obtain by calculation the relative strength to the normalized signal strength of the bulk body.
It should be noted that, to match measurement conditions of the bulk body and the thick film sample in the EPMA measurement, it is preferable to simultaneously perform measurement on both samples.
Further, in
As is clear from the results in
For example, in the case of the thick film sample having a film thickness of 85 μm, the signal strength of Pb is 0.26 even at the highest position, and in the case of the thick film sample having a film thickness of 110 μm, the signal strength of Pb is 0.38 even at the highest position.
In contrast to these, it was also shown that in the case of the thick film sample having a large film thickness, the signal strength of Pb not only is high in a deep portion closer to the surface of the substrate or the board but also slowly decreases toward the surface of the thick film.
For example, in the case of the thick film sample having a film thickness of 130 μm, the signal strength of Pb is 0.67, which is the highest, at the position direct on the substrate, and a signal strength of Pb of about 0.55 is kept at a position of about 65 μm. In the case of the thick film sample having a film thickness of 180 μm, the signal strength of Pb is 0.78 at the highest position, and a signal strength of Pb of about 0.75 is kept at a position of about 120 μm. In the case of the thick film sample having a film thickness of 270 μm, the signal strength of Pb is 0.9 at the highest position, and a signal strength of Pb of about 0.75 is kept at a position of about 220 μm. In the case of the thick film sample having a film thickness of 530 μm, the signal strength of Pb is 0.97 at the highest position, and a signal strength of Pb of about 0.7 is kept at a position of about 500 μm.
It should be noted that the signal strength of Cu was measured in parallel with the signal strength of Pb in each of the above described thick film samples, and the signal strength of Cu was substantially fixed among the positions of each thick film sample.
From the above results, it was shown that Pb is lost to a greater extent in burning as the film thickness of the thick film sample decreases, and the degree of losing Pb is suppressed as the film thickness increases. In other words, it is conceivable that volatilization of Pb from the surface of the thick film sample is suppressed more as the film thickness of the thick film sample increases, thereby suppressing compositional deviation caused by a loss of Pb which greatly affects the superconducting characteristics, resulting in a substantial increase in the Jc and Ic of the thick film sample.
In addition, the burning conditions of 830° C. to 850° C., which were set at the beginning for the purpose of preventing peeling of the thick film from the surface of the substrate or the board, were effective in reducing thermal activity in terms of suppressing a loss of Pb due to volatilization. Thus, it is conceivable that the effect of reducing the thermal activity of Pb and the effect resulting from the increase in the film thickness synergistically suppress loss of Pb from the thick film due to volatilization to prevent compositional deviation from the superconductor composition.
Consequently, thick films having a Jc of 3800 A/cm2 or more and an Ic of 25 A or more could be obtained, and it is, conceivable that these thick films are applicable to various uses as practical oxide superconductor thick films, and that an oxide superconductive structure in which this oxide superconductor thick film is formed on the surface of the substrate or the board is applicable to uses such as, for example, a current lead, a magnetic shield, and the like.
The present invention is explained below in more detail based on an embodied example.
Powders of Bi2O3, PbO, SrCO3, CaCO3 and CuO were weighed to have a mole ratio of 1.85:0.35:1,90:2.05:3.05 and mixed together to produce mixed powder.
This mixed powder was calcined in the atmosphere at 780° C. for 10 hours to produce calcined powder.
The calcined powder was put in a ceramic pot together with zirconia balls as milling media and toluene as a solvent and set on a rotating table to be subjected to ball milling, and the calcined powder in the form of slurry for which the ball milling was completed was dried in a dryer.
The calcined powder after completion of the drying was burned again in the atmosphere at 780° C. for 10 hours and then subjected to ball milling and drying. It should be noted that the process was performed on the same milling conditions and drying conditions as those of the first time.
Then, this series of operation of “burning-milling-drying” was repeated three times to obtain superconductive synthetic powder.
Ethyl cellulose as an organic binder and dibutyl phthalate as an organic vehicle were added to the obtained superconductive synthetic powder and kneaded therewith using a triple roller to prepare a superconductive paste.
The prepared superconductive paste was applied in a thickness of 1060 μm to a MgO polycrystalline substrate having a length of 50 mm, a width of 5 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm and dried, and thereafter burned at burning temperatures of 835° C. to 840° C. for 100 hours.
Then, the thick film sample after the burning was pressed with a pressure of 3 ton/cm2 using the CIP, and subsequently burned at burning temperatures of 835° C. to 840° C. for 100 hours.
As a result, a thick film sample of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz having a film thickness of 530 μm was obtained.
The Ic of the thick film sample was measured by the four probe method (the energization method) by providing electrodes on the obtained thick film sample using a silver paste and cooling the sample to 77 K with liquid nitrogen. Then, the measured Ic and the cross-sectional area of the sample were used to calculate the Jc.
As a result, this thick film sample exhibited an Ic of 165 A and a Jc of 6226 A/cm2.
A superconductive paste similar to that prepared in the embodied example was applied in a thickness of 180 μm to a MgO polycrystalline substrate having a length of 50 mm, a width of 5 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm and dried, and thereafter burned at burning temperatures of 835° C. to 840° C. for 100 hours. Then, the thick film sample after the burning was pressed with a pressure of 3 ton/cm2 using the CIP, and subsequently burned at burning temperatures of 835° C. to 840° C. for 100 hours. As a result, a thick film sample of (Bi, Pb)2+aSr2Ca2Cu3Oz having a film thickness of 90 μm was obtained. The obtained thick film sample exhibited a Jc of 700 A/cm2 and an Ic of 3.15 A.
On the other hand, the superconductive synthetic powder obtained during the preparation of the superconductive paste was used and burned at burning temperatures of 835° C. to 840° C. for 100 hours to prepare a bulk body sample having a diameter of 25 mm, a thickness of 1.5 mm and a density of 5.1 g/cm3 which has the same material composition as that of the superconductive paste. This bulk body sample exhibited a Jc of about 5000 A/cm3.
Here, the thick film of the prepared thick film sample was obtained by peeling and subjected to quantitative analysis by the ICP on the concentration of each element contained in the thick film. At the same time, the concentration of each element in the bulk body sample was also subjected to quantitative analysis by the ICP.
The results of this analysis are explained with reference to
Comparing the thick film sample and the bulk body sample, it was found from the results in
Subsequently, an analysis test in a direction of the film thickness was conducted on the Pb concentration in the thick film sample by the EPMA, and the results thereof are shown in
From the results in
The results in
Powders of Bi2O3, SrCO3, CaCO3 and CuO were weighed to have a mole ratio of 2:2:1:2 and mixed together to produce mixed powder.
This mixed powder was calcined in the atmosphere at 800° C. for 50 hours to produce calcined powder.
A series of operation of “burning-milling-drying” was performed three times, in the same manner as that of the embodied example, for the calcined powder to obtain superconductive synthetic powder of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy.
The obtained superconductive synthetic powder was kneaded in the same manner as that of the embodied example to obtain a superconductive paste of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy.
The prepared superconductive paste was applied in six types of thicknesses of 65 μm, 130 μm, 170 μm, 210 μm, 260 μm and 390 μm to MgO polycrystalline substrates each having a length of 50 mm, a width of 5 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm and dried, then burned at a burning temperature of 890° C. for 10 minutes to partially melt, and further gradually cooled to a burning temperature of 800° C. spending 10 hours for crystallization of the structure.
As a result, six types of thick film samples of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Oy having thicknesses of 50 μm, 100 μm, 130 μm, 160 μm, 200 μm and 300 μm were obtained.
The Jcs and Ics of the thick film samples were measured in the same manner as that of the embodied example.
The results are explained with reference to
As is clear from
On the other hand, as is clear from
To obtain an oxide superconductor thick film having a high Jc and Ic, in the present invention, a thick film, which is an oxide superconductor containing Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca and Cu and is characterized by having a film thickness of 130 μm or more, was formed on the surface of a substrate or a board, thereby obtaining the oxide superconductor thick film having a Jc and Ic reaching a practical range as described above in detail.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-358298 | Nov 2001 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10227440 | Aug 2002 | US |
| Child | 10941896 | Sep 2004 | US |
