Patent Grant
7514439
The present invention relates to a novel oxime derivative having an excellent glucokinase activation effect, which is useful as a medicine.
Glucokinase (GK) is one of four hexokinases found in mammalian animals. The hexokinases catalyze a conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate which is the first step of glucose metabolism. GK is localized mainly in hepatic parenchymal cells and pancreatic β cells, and plays an important role in whole body glucose homeostasis as a rate-controlling enzyme for glucose metabolism in these cells. The hepatic and pancreatic forms of the enzyme are different in N-terminal 15 amino-acid sequence depending on the difference of each splicing, but are functionally indistinguishable.
Three hexokinases except GK are saturated in enzymatic activity at a glucose concentration below 1 mM, but Km of GK is 8 mM, which is within a physiological range of blood-glucose levels. Therefore, GK-mediated intracellular glucose metabolism is activated as the concentration of blood-glucose increases from normal level (5 mM) to postprandial level (10 to 15 mM).
A hypothesis that GK functions as a glucose sensor of pancreatic β cells and hepatocyte has been proposed (nonpatent document 1).
Thereafter, it has been clarified that GK actually plays a definitely important role in whole body glucose homeostasis according to the results of GK genetically modified animal studies. GK KO mice die soon after birth (nonpatent document 2), while both normal and diabetic mice overexpressing GK showed lower glucose level than wild type animals (nonpatent document 3).
In maturity-onset diabetes of the young type II (MODY-2), which is one of the genetically determined diabetes, loss of function mutations in the GK has been found and it is thought that the low GK activity in MODY-2 results in hyperglycemia (nonpatent document 4). On the other hand, families having a GK mutation with increased enzymatic activity have been found and these people show hypoglycemia (nonpatent document 5). Accordingly, GK is believed to be a glucose sensor and to play an important role in maintenance of glucose homeostasis in human as well. It is expected that a GK activating compound has an insulinotropic action in β cells, an enhancing effect of glucose uptake in liver and inhibitory effect of hepatic output since such a compound activates a GK sensor system, and hence, it is believed that such a compound is useful for treating, for example, Type 2 diabetes.
Recently, it has been shown that a pancreatic β cell type glucokinase is distributed locally in feeding center (Ventromedial hypothalamus, VMH) in rat brain. About 20% of nerve cells in VMH are referred to as glucose responsive neurons and it has been thought from the past that they play important roles in controlling of body weights. An intracerebral administration of glucose in rat decreases food intake, but on the contrary, rat becomes overeating by an intracerebral administration of a glucose analog glucosamine, which cause the suppression of glucose metabolism. In electrophysiological experiments, glucose responsive neurons in VMH are stimulated when glucose increases from 5 to 20 mM, and the activity is blocked by glucosamine or the like (nonpatent document: Diabetes. 1999 September; 48(9): 1763-72). It is thought that a glucose sensor mechanism of VHM is similar to that of pancreatic β cells. Therefore, a GK activating substance has a possibility of ameliorating obesity which is one of the major problems in Type 2 diabetes as well as correcting hyperglycemia.
Accordingly, a compound having a GK activation effect is useful as a treating and/or preventing agent of diabetes, or chronic complication of diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, ischemic heart disease or arteriosclerosis, or even obesity.
A compound having a GK activation effect includes, for example, pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives (patent document 1), 2-pyridine-carboxamide derivatives (patent document 2), heteroarylcarbamoyl-benzene derivatives (patent document 3), heteroaryl derivatives (patent document 4), substituted arylcyclopropylacetamide derivatives (patent document 5), 5-substituted pyrazine or pyridine derivatives (patent document 6), substituted (thiazol-2-yl)amide or sulfonamide derivatives (patent document 7), substituted phenylacetamide derivatives (patent document 8) or amide derivatives (patent document 9).
A method for preparing a 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole, which is an intermediate for the oxime derivative of the present invention, has been described in patent documents 10 and 11, wherein 5-fluoro-2-aminothiazole hydrochloride is prepared by treating 5-bromo-2-trifluoroacetyl aminothiazole derived from 5-bromo-2-aminothiazole hydrochloride with n-butyllithium, followed by treating the resultant with N-fluorobenzenesulfonylimide (patent document 10, Preparation 61; patent document 11, Preparation 21). It is also described in patent document 12 that 5-formyl-2-aminothiazole hydrobromide is prepared by a reaction of bromomalonaldehyde with thiourea. However, the methods disclosed in patent document 10 and patent document 11 give the product in low yield and are not advantageous as an industrial method. Additionally, the method disclosed in patent document 12 gives 2-aminothiazole as a by-product which is difficult to remove, and hence it is difficult to obtain the desired compound in a high purity. Besides, said method can not be applied to preparations of wide range of 5-substituted 2-fluoro aminothiazoles other than 5-formyl-2-aminothiazole.
Compounds having an oxime structure therein have been described in patent documents 13 to 16 and nonpatent documents 6 to 8.
[patent document 1] WO05/044801
[patent document 2] WO04/081001
[patent document 3] WO04/076420
[patent document 4] WO04/063194
[patent document 5] WO04/063179
[patent document 6] WO04/052869
[patent document 7] WO04/050645
[patent document 8] WO03/095438
[patent document 9] WO03/055482
[patent document 10] WO04/072031
[patent document 11] WO04/072066
[patent document 12] U.S. Pat. No. 4,225,719
[patent document 13] WO05/023761
[patent document 14] WO01/012189
[patent document 15] WO00/026202
[patent document 16] WO96/023763
[nonpatent document 1] American Journal Physiology, volume 247 (3Pt2) 1984, p 527-536
[nonpatent document 2] Cell, volume 83, 1995, p 69-78
[nonpatent document 3] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., volume 93, 1996, p 7225-7230
[nonpatent document 4] Nature Genetics, volume 356, 1992, p 721-722
[nonpatent document 5] New England Journal of Medicine, volume 338, 1998, p 226-230
[nonpatent document 6] Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges (1994), 103(5-6), 213-18
[nonpatent document 7] Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (1993), 66(8), 2335-8
[nonpatent document 8] Pharmazie (1988), 43(8), 535-6
The present invention provides a novel glucokinase activator, which is for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases involving glucokinase, such as diabetes, complication associated with diabetes, or obesity.
The present invention also provides a novel compound having an excellent glucokinase activation effect which is useful as an active ingredient of a medicine.
According to extensive studies for problems to be solved by the present inventions, it has been found that an oxime derivative of the following formula has an excellent glucokinase activation effect, and the present invention has been completed.
The present invention includes the following embodiments.
wherein Ring A is aryl or heteroaryl;
Q is cycloalkyl, heterocycle, alkyl or alkenyl;
Ring T is heteroaryl or heterocycle;
R1 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cycloalkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylthio, or substituted or unsubstituted tetrazolyl;
R2 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cycloalkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aminosulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-thio, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-sulfinyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylsulfonyl, alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfinyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylthio;
R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen atom, alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkoxyalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, hydroxy, alkanoyl, alkylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, halogen atom, oxo, or substituted or unsubstituted arylcarbonyloxy;
R5 is hydrogen atom, formyl, halogen atom, oxo, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aminosulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyl, alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylthio, substituted or unsubstituted amino, carboxyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-oxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-thio, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy, alkanoyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
R6 is hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, halogen atom, or carboxyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The substituents on the group of each symbol in the compound [I] mean as defined below.
In R1-R6 of the compound [I], substituents in “substituted amino”, “substituted aminosulfonyl”, “substituted aminoalkyl”, “substituted aminoalkanoyl”, “substituted carbamoyl”, “substituted carbamoylalkyl”, “substituted alkyl”, “substituted alkylthio”, “substituted alkylsulfinyl”, “substituted alkylsulfonyl”, “substituted alkoxy”, “substituted alkanoyl”, “substituted alkynyl”, “substituted cycloalkyl”, “substituted cycloalkyloxy”, “substituted cycloalkylcarbonyl”, “substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl”, “substituted aryl”, “substituted aryloxy”, “substituted arylcarbonyl”, “substituted arylcarbonyloxy”, “substituted arylsulfonyl”, “substituted arylalkylcarbonyl”, “substituted heteroaryl”, “substituted heteroarylthio”, “substituted heteroarylsulfonyl”, “substituted heteroarylalkyl”, “substituted heterocycle”, “substituted heterocyclyl-oxy”, “substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl”, “substituted heterocyclyl-thio”, “substituted heterocyclyl-sulfinyl”, “substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl”, “substituted hydroxyimino”, and “substituted phenyl”, “substituted pyridyl”, “substituted thiazolopyridinyl”, “substituted pyrazinyl”, “substituted pyrazolyl”, “substituted imidazolyl”, “substituted thiazolyl”, “substituted benzothiazolyl”, “substituted quinolyl”, “substituted thiadiazolyl”, “substituted pyrazolyl”, “substituted thiazolopyrazinyl”, “substituted thiazolopyrimidinyl”, “substituted cyclohexanothiazolyl”, “substituted dihydro-thiazolopyridinyl”, “substituted triazolyl”, “substituted pyrimidinyl”, “substituted pyrrolidinyl”, “substituted tetrahydrofuryl”, “substituted thiacyclohexyl”, “substituted cyclopentyl”, “substituted piperazinyl”, “substituted piperazinylsulfonyl”, “substituted homopiperazinyl”, “substituted piperidinyl”, “substituted morpholinyl”, “substituted thiomorpholinyl” “substituted perhydrodiazepinyl”, and “substituted tetrazolyl” include those specifically indicated in EXAMPLES. Such substituents include (1) alkyl being optionally substituted with hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino, carbamoyl, tetrahydrofuryl or pyridyl, (2) cycloalkyl, (3) hydroxy, (4) alkoxy, (5) cyano, (6) halogen atom, (7) mono- or di-alkylamino, (8) amino being optionally substituted with alkanoyl, alkoxyalkanoyl or alkoxycarbonyl, (9) pyridyl, (10) carboxyl, (11) formyl, (12) alkanoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy or alkanoyloxy, (13) cycloalkylcarbonyl, (14) alkoxycarbonyl, (15) oxo, (16) alkylsulfonyl, or the like. The R1-R6 groups may have the same or different 1 to 3 substituents selected from the above groups.
Additionally, each substituent is explained depending on each symbol (A, Q, T, R1-R6) of the compound [I]. The groups of those symbols may have the same or different 1 to 3 substitutents selected from the groups as defined below.
A preferable substituent of substituted tetrazolyl in R1 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkylsulfonyl in R2 includes alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl (preferably, cyclopropyl), hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from alkyl, alkanoyl), substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl (preferably, imidazolyl, triazolyl) (substituent(s): alkyl), alkylsulfonyl, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle (preferably, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydro-3H-isoindolyl) (substituent(s): oxo, dioxo). More preferable one among them is alkoxy, cycloalkyl (preferably, cyclopropyl), hydroxy, particularly preferable one is alkoxy.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkylthio in R2 includes alkoxy, cycloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, cyano, alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle (preferably, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydro-3H-isoindolyl) (substituent(s): oxo, dioxo), heteroaryl (preferably, pyridyl). More preferable one among them is alkoxy, cycloalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, cyano, alkylthio, heteroaryl (preferably, pyridyl).
A preferable substituent of substituted amino in R2 includes heteroarylcarbonyl (preferably, pyridylcarbonyl), heteroarylalkanoyl (thienylalkanoyl), cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, alkoxy-carbonylcarbonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl. More preferable one among them is alkoxycarbonylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl.
A preferable substituent of the substituted alkyl which is the substituent of substituted aminosulfonyl in R2 includes amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; hydroxy; alkoxy; heteroaryl being optionally substituted with alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkoxycarbonyl; hydroxyalkoxy; heterocycle being optionally substituted with alkyl; halogen; alkylthio. More preferable one among them is amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; hydroxy; alkoxy; cycloalkyl; alkoxycarbonyl; heterocycle being optionally substituted with alkyl; halogen atom; particularly hydroxy, alkoxy.
A preferable substituent of the substituted heterocycle which is a substituent of substituted aminosulfonyl in R2 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocyclyl-thio in R2 includes hydroxy; alkyl; oxo; alkanoyl; hydroxyalkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; heteroaryl; aminosulfonyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkylsulfonyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl. More preferable one among them is hydroxy; alkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; oxo; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; particularly alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocyclyl-sulfinyl in R2 includes hydroxy; alkyl; oxo; alkanoyl; hydroxyalkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; heteroaryl; aminosulfonyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkylsulfonyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl. More preferable one among them is hydroxy; alkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; oxo; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; particularly alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl in R2 includes hydroxy; alkyl; oxo; alkanoyl; hydroxyalkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; heteroaryl; aminosulfonyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkylsulfonyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl. More preferable one among them is hydroxy; alkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; oxo; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heteroarylsulfonyl in R2 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkoxy in R2 includes cycloalkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkylsulfinyl in R2 includes alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl (preferably, cyclopropyl), hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from alkyl, alkanoyl), substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl (preferably, imidazolyl, triazolyl) (substituent(s): alkyl), alkylsulfonyl, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle (preferably, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydro-3H-isoindolyl) (substituent(s): oxo, dioxo). More preferable one among them is alkoxy, cycloalkyl (preferably, cyclopropyl), hydroxy, particularly hydroxy.
A preferable substituent of substituted heteroaryl in R2 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocycle in R3 and R4 includes alkoxycarbonyl, oxo, alkyl, alkanoyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heteroaryl in R3 and R4 includes alkyl; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl. More preferable one among them is alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted cycloalkyl in R3 and R4 includes benzoyloxy, oxo, hydroxy, alkanoyl. More preferable one among them is oxo, hydroxy.
A preferable substituent of substituted aryl in R3 and R4 includes alkyl, cyano, halogen atom, alkoxy.
A preferable substituent of substituted carbamoyl in R3 and R4 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted aryloxy in R3 and R4 includes alkyl, cyano, halogen atom, alkoxy.
A preferable substituent of substituted arylcarbonyloxy in R3 and R4 includes alkyl, cyano, halogen atom, alkoxy.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkoxy in R5 includes substituted or unsubstituted amino (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl); alkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; carboxyl; hydroxy; substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle (substituent(s): oxo); trialkylsilyloxy; alkoxy. More preferable one is amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; hydroxy; particularly amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; hydroxy.
A preferable substituent of substituted aminosulfonyl in R5 includes alkyl. Therefore, said substituent is mono-alkyl or di-alkyl, preferably di-alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkylthio in R5 includes amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkoxycarbonylamino; halogen atom; hydroxy; carboxyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkoxycarbonyl. More preferable one among them is amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkoxycarbonylamino; hydroxy; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; particularly dialkylcarbamoyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl in R5 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted cycloalkyl in R5 includes amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted cycloalkyloxy in R5 includes amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted carbamoyl in R5 includes substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from hydroxy; cycloalkyl; heterocycle; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; heteroaryl), cycloalkyl, heteroaryl. More preferable one among them is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from hydroxy, heterocycle, dialkylamino, heteroaryl), cycloalkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heteroarylthio in R5 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted amino in R5 includes alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from alkyl, alkanoyl), alkanoyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl. More preferable one among them is alkyl, and hence, mono-alkyl or di-alkyl, particularly di-alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heteroaryl in R5 includes alkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkynyl in R5 includes hydroxy, amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl. More preferable one among them is hydroxy, dialkylamino.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl in R5 includes hydroxy, alkyl, oxo, hydroxyalkyl, alkanoyl. More preferable one among them is hydroxy, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocyclyl-oxy in R5 includes hydroxy, alkyl, oxo, hydroxyalkyl, alkanoyl. More preferable one among them is alkyl, oxo.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocycle in R5 includes hydroxy, alkyl, oxo, hydroxyalkyl, alkanoyl. More preferable one among them is oxo.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocyclyl-thio in R5 includes hydroxy, alkyl, oxo, hydroxyalkyl, alkanoyl. More preferable one is alkyl, alkanoyl.
A preferable substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, hydroxy, trialkylsilyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-oxy, heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyimino, halogen atom, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-oxy, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyimino, halogen atom, further preferably substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-oxy, particularly substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, further particularly substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle.
A preferable substituent of substituted heterocycle which is the substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes alkyl; oxo; alkoxyalkanoyl; alkanoyl; alkoxy; alkanoylamino; cycloalkyl-carbonylamino; tri(halogeno)alkanoylamino; formylamino; alkoxy-carbonylamino; hydroxy; cycloalkylcarbonyl; tri(halogeno)alkyl; alkoxycarbonyl; formyl; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; aminosulfonyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkylsulfonyl; heteroaryl; alkoxycarbonylalkyl; alkanoyloxyalkanoyl; alkoxycarbonylcarbonyl; aminoalkanoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from alkyl, alkoxy); hydroxyalkanoyl; di(halogeno)alkanoyl; substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl (substituent(s): oxo); substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyimino (substituent(s): alkoxycarbonyl); carboxyl; hydroxyalkoxy; alkoxyalkoxy; halogen atom; alkanoyloxy. More preferable one among them is alkyl; oxo; alkoxyalkanoyl; alkanoyl; alkoxy; alkanoylamino; cycloalkylcarbonylamino; tri(halogeno)alkanoylamino; formylamino; alkoxycarbonylamino; cycloalkylcarbonyl; tri(halogeno)alkyl; alkoxycarbonyl; formyl; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; aminosulfonyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkylsulfonyl; heteroaryl; alkoxycarbonylalkyl; alkanoyloxyalkanoyl; alkoxycarbonylcarbonyl; aminoalkanoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; carbamoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; hydroxyalkanoyl; di(halogeno)alkanoyl; substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl (substituent(s): oxo); substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyimino (substituent(s): alkoxycarbonyl); more preferably alkyl; oxo; alkoxyalkanoyl; alkanoyl; formyl; amino being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkylsulfonyl; alkanoyloxyalkanoyl; aminoalkanoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; hydroxyalkanoyl; more preferably alkyl, alkanoyl, formyl, hydroxyalkanoyl, particularly alkyl, alkanoyl.
A preferable substituent of the substituted amino which is the substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes alkyl; carbamoylalkyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl (substituent(s): 1 or 2 groups selected from alkyl, alkanoyl); alkoxyalkyl; hydroxyalkyl; alkoxyalkanoyl; heteroaryl; heteroarylalkyl. More preferable one among them is alkyl; carbamoylalkyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; aminoalkyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkyl; alkoxyalkyl; heteroaryl; particularly alkyl.
A preferable substituent of the substituted alkoxy which is the substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes hydroxy, alkoxy.
A preferable substituent of the substituted carbamoyl which is the substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes alkyl, alkoxy.
A preferable substituent of the substituted heterocyclyl-oxy which is the substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes alkanoyl, alkyl, formyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkanoyl, alkylsulfonyl. More preferable one among them is alkanoyl, alkyl, particularly alkanoyl.
A preferable substituent of the substituted hydroxyimino which is the substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes alkoxycarbonyl.
Among the compounds [I] of the present invention, an example of preferable compounds are those in which R5 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.
Among the compounds [I], other preferable compounds are those of formula [I-A] as shown below, and the present invention includes also the following embodiments:
wherein Ring A is aryl or heteroaryl;
Q is cycloalkyl, heterocycle, alkyl or alkenyl;
Ring T is heteroaryl or heterocycle;
R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cycloalkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylthio, or substituted or unsubstituted tetrazolyl;
R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen atom, hydroxy, oxo, halogen atom, cyano, alkylthio, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy;
R5 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano, nitro, tetrazolyl, oxo, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, formyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted aminosulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The substituents on the group of each symbol of the compound [I-A] means as defined below.
A substituent on the substituted alkyl in R5 includes substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyimino, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen atom, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, alkanoyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, preferably substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyimino, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen atom, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted homopiperazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholinyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholinyl, or the like. The alkyl is substituted with the same or different 1 to 3 substituents selected from the above groups.
In the compound [I-A], substituents in “substituted aryl”, “substituted aryloxy”, “substituted heteroaryl”, “substituted heterocycle”, “substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl”, “substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl”, “substituted cycloalkyl”, “substituted phenyl”, “substituted pyrazolyl”, “substituted imidazolyl”, “substituted thiazolyl”, “substituted triazolyl”, “substituted pyridyl”, “substituted pyrimidinyl”, “substituted pyrrolidinyl”, “substituted thiacyclohexyl”, “substituted cyclopentyl”, “substituted piperazinyl”, “substituted piperazinylsulfonyl”, “substituted homopiperazinyl”, “substituted piperidinyl”, “substituted morpholinyl”, “substituted thiomorpholinyl”, “substituted tetrazolyl”, “substituted carbamoyl”, “substituted aminosulfonyl”, “substituted amino” or “substituted hydroxyimino” are the same or different 1 to 3 substituents selected from those groups which include (1) alkyl being optionally substituted with hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino, carbamoyl, tetrahydrofuryl or pyridyl, (2) cycloalkyl, (3) hydroxy, (4) alkoxy, (5) cyano, (6) halogen, (7) mono- or di-alkylamino, (8) amino being optionally substituted with alkanoyl, alkoxyalkanoyl or alkoxycarbonyl, (9) pyridyl, (10) carboxyl, (11) formyl, (12) alkanoyl being optionally substituted with mono- or di-alkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxy or alkanoyloxy, (13) cycloalkylcarbonyl, (14) alkoxycarbonyl, (15) oxo, (16) alkylsulfonyl, or the like.
In the compound [I-A], a preferable substituent in substituted tetrazolyl on R1 and R2 includes alkyl or the like.
A preferable substituent in substituted carbamoyl in R3 and R4 includes alkyl or the like, and it may be the same or different 1 to 2 groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted aryl, substituted aryloxy and substituted phenyl on R3 and R4 includes cyano, halogen atom, alkoxy, alkyl, mono- or di-alkylamino or the like, particularly cyano or halogen atom. The substituent may be the same or different 1 to 3 groups selected from these groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted heteroaryl, substituted pyrazolyl, substituted imidazolyl, substituted thiazolyl, substituted triazolyl, substituted pyridyl and substituted pyrimidinyl on R3 and R4 includes alkyl, mono- or di-alkylamino or the like, particularly alkyl. The substituent may be the same or different 1 to 2 groups selected from these groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted heterocycle, substituted pyrrolidinyl and substituted thiacyclohexyl on R3 and R4 includes oxo, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkanoyl or the like, particularly oxo or alkyl. The substituent may be the same or different 1 to 2 groups selected from these groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted cycloalkyl and substituted cyclopentyl in R3 and R4 includes oxo, hydroxy or the like, particularly hydroxy.
A preferable substituent in substituted carbamoyl in R5 includes alkoxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, tetrahydrofurylalkyl, pyridylalkyl, alkoxy, pyridyl or the like, particularly hydroxyalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, pyridylalkyl, pyridyl or the like. The substituent may be the same or different 1 to 2 groups selected from these groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted aminosulfonyl in R5 includes alkyl or the like, and the substituent may be the same or different 1 to 2 groups selected from these groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted heterocycle, substituted heterocyclyl-carbonyl, substituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl, substituted piperazinyl, substituted piperazinylsulfonyl, substituted homopiperazinyl, substituted piperidinyl, substituted morpholinyl and substituted thiomorpholinyl in R5 includes alkoxycarbonylamino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkanoylamino, alkoxyalkanoylamino, oxo, alkyl, formyl, alkanoyl, hydroxyalkanoyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkanoyl, alkanoyloxyalkanoyl, mono- or di-alkylaminoalkanoyl, alkylsulfonyl or the like, particularly oxo, alkyl, formyl, alkanoyl, hydroxyalkanoyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkanoyl, alkanoyloxyalkanoyl or alkylsulfonyl. The substituent may be the same or different 1 to 3 groups selected from these groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted amino in R5 includes alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, pyridyl, pyridylalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, carbamoylalkyl or the like. The substituent may be the same or different 1 to 2 groups selected from these groups.
A preferable substituent in substituted hydroxyimino in R5 includes alkoxycarbonyl or the like.
In the compound [I-A], the aryl in Ring A includes preferably phenyl.
The heteroaryl in Ring A includes preferably thienyl or pyridyl, particularly pyridyl.
The heterocycle in Q includes, for example, 5 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle, specifically tetrahydrofuryl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiacyclohexyl, piperidinyl or the like, particularly tetrahydrofuryl.
The heteroaryl in Ring T includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring, specifically thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, benzothiazolyl, thiazolopyridinyl or the like. The heterocycle in Ring T includes, for example, 9-membered bicyclic aromatic ring, specifically cyclohexanothiazolyl, dihydrothiazolopyridinyl or the like.
The aryl in R3 and R4 includes preferably phenyl.
The heteroaryl in R3 and R4 includes, for example, 5 to 6-membered monocyclic aromatic ring, specifically pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or the like.
The heterocycle in R3 and R4 includes, for example, 5 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle, specifically pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, dioxolanyl, piperidinyl, thiacyclohexyl or the like.
The cycloalkyl in R3 and R4 includes preferably 3 to 6-membered cycloalkyl, specifically cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl.
The heterocycle in R5 includes, for example, 4 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle, specifically azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl or the like.
Among the compound [I-A], a preferable compound includes a compound wherein Ring A is phenyl, Q is 3-tetrahydrofuryl, Ring T is 2-thiazolyl, one of R1 and R2 is hydrogen atom, the other is cyclopropylsulfonyl, both of R3 and R4 are hydrogen atom, R5 is piperazinyl substituted alkyl being optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from alkyl, oxo, alkanoyl and alkoxyalkanoyl.
Other preferable compound among the compounds [I] of the present invention includes a compound described in any of all EXAMPLES.
The following terms used herein mean as defined below.
A “halogen atom” includes fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom, preferably fluorine atom or chlorine atom.
An “alkyl”, which includes “alkyl” moiety in a group bound with other groups such as “alkylthio” or “hydroxyalkyl” (the same for other groups defined hereinafter), includes, for example, straight- or branched-chain alkyl of C1-6, preferably C1-4, specifically methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl or the like.
An “alkenyl” includes, for example, straight- or branched-chain alkenyl of C2-6, preferably C2-4, specifically vinyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl or the like.
An “alkynyl” includes, for example, straight- or branched-chain alkynyl of C2-6, preferably C2-4, specifically acetylenyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl or the like.
An “alkoxy” includes, for example, straight- or branched-chain alkoxy of C1-6, preferably C1-4, specifically methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy or the like.
An “alkanoyl” includes, for example, straight- or branched-chain alkanoyl of C2-7, preferably C2-5, specifically acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl or the like.
A “cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cycloalkyl of C3-8, preferably C3-6, specifically cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.
An “aryl” includes 6 to 14-membered, preferably 6 to 10-membered monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, specifically phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl or the like, preferably phenyl in particular.
A “heteroaryl” includes 4 to 10-membered, preferably 5 to 9-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon wherein 1 to 3 carbon atoms are substituted with heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, specifically thienyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, benzothiazolyl, thiazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrazinyl, thiazolopyrimidinyl or the like.
A “heterocycle” includes 4 to 10-membered, preferably 4 to 9-membered, monocyclic or bicyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbon wherein 1 to 3 carbon atoms are substituted with heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, specifically oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, dioxolanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiacyclohexyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, cyclohexanothiazolyl, dihydrothiazolopyridinyl, tetrahydrothiazolopyridinyl or the like.
Alternatively, illustrative embodiments of “halogen atom”, “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, “alkoxy”, “alkanoyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “heterocycle” include those specifically indicated in EXAMPLES.
Additionally, each term is explained depending on each symbol (A, Q, T, R1-R6) of the compound [I].
A preferable “aryl” in Ring A includes phenyl.
A preferable “heteroaryl” in Ring A includes thienyl, pyridyl, particularly pyridyl.
A preferable “cycloalkyl” in Q includes, for example, 5 to 6-membered monocyclic cycloalkyl, specifically cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or the like, particularly cyclopentyl.
A preferable “heterocycle” in Q includes, for example, 4 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, specifically oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuryl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl or the like, particularly tetrahydrofuryl.
A “heteroaryl” in Ring T includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic, bicyclic heteroaryl optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, specifically thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, benzothiazolyl, thiazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrazinyl, thiazolopyrimidinyl, quinolyl or the like. A preferable one among them is thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, benzothiazolyl, thiazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrazinyl, thiazolopyrimidinyl, more preferably thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolopyridinyl, thiazolopyrazinyl, particularly thiazolyl, thiazolopyridinyl, further particularly thiazolyl.
A “heterocycle” in Ring T includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic, bicyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, preferably 9-membered bicyclic heterocycle, specifically cyclohexanothiazolyl, dihydrothiazolopyridinyl or the like.
A “cycloalkyl” of cycloalkylsulfonyl in R2 includes, for example, 3 to 4-membered cycloalkyl, specifically cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or the like, preferably cyclopropyl in particular.
A “heterocycle” which is the substituent of the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl which is the substituent of substituted or unsubstituted aminosulfonyl in R2 includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic, bicyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, preferably 5-membered monocyclic heterocycle. Particularly, tetrahydrofuryl is preferable.
A “heterocycle” of substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-sulfonyl in R2 includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic, bicyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, preferably 5 to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycle, specifically azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, oxazepidinyl, perhydrodiazepinyl.
A “heteroaryl” of substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl in R3 and R4 includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic, bicyclic heteroaryl optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, preferably 5 to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, specifically pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or the like, particularly pyrimidinyl.
A “cycloalkyl” of substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl in R3 and R4 includes preferably 3 to 6-membered monocyclic cycloalkyl, specifically cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl.
A “heterocycle” of substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle which is the substituent of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl in R5 includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic, bicyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, preferably 4 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, specifically azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, perhydrodiazepinyl, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazinyl or the like. More preferable one among them is piperazinyl, morpholinyl, particularly piperazinyl.
A “heterocycle” of the substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl-oxy which is the substituent of substituted alkyl in R5 includes, for example, 5 to 9-membered monocyclic, bicyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom, preferably 4 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle optionally having 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, specifically azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, perhydrodiazepinyl, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazinyl or the like. More preferable one among them is piperidinyl.
The compound [I] of the present invention includes a mixture of stereoisomers, or each stereoisomer with pure or substantively pure forms. For example, the compound [I] can exist in enantiomer or diastereomer or a mixture thereof when the compound of the present invention has one or more asymmetric centers in any of carbon atoms. The compound of the present invention includes its isomers or a mixture thereof. Also, in case that the compound [I] of the present invention contains double bonds, geometric isomers (cis isomer, trans isomer) may exist and in case that the compound [I] of the present invention contains unsaturated bonds such as carbonyl, tautomers may exist, but the compound of the present invention includes all these isomers or a mixture thereof.
A pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound [I] includes, for example, an inorganic acid salt such as hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate or hydrobromide, or an organic acid salt such as acetate, fumarate, oxalate, citrate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, tosylate or maleate. Also, in case of having a substituent such as carboxyl, said salt includes a salt with a base such as, for example, alkali metal salt such as sodium salt or potassium salt, or alkali earth metal salt such as calcium salt.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound [I] of the present invention includes also an intramolecular salt, and the compounds [I] and their salts may be in the form of a solvate thereof such as a hydrate.
The compound [I] of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be formulated to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can include diluents, binding agents (syrup, gum acacia, gelatin, sorbit, tragacanth or polyvinylpyrrolidone), excipients (lactose, sucrose, cornstarch, potassium phosphate, sorbit or glycine), lubricants (magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica), disintegrants (Irish potato starch) and wetting agents (sodium lauryl sulfate), or the like.
The compound [I] of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered orally or parenterally and used in an appropriate pharmaceutical formulation. The appropriate pharmaceutical formulation for oral administration includes, for example, solid formulations such as tablet, granule, capsule or powder, or in the form of a solution, a suspension or an emulsion. The appropriate pharmaceutical formulation for parenteral administration includes a suppository, an injectable solution or an intravenous fluid preparation using distilled water for injection, saline or glucose aqueous solution, or an inhaler, or the like.
The compound [I] of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical formulation thereof can be combined with other one or more medicines selected from antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic agents. In this case, the concept of the term “combine” includes administering with these other medicines simultaneously or separately with optional interval as well as administering as one pharmaceutical formulation formulated together with these other medicines. These other medicines include sulfonylurea (for example, glyburide, glimepiride, glipiride, glipizide, chlorpropamide, gliclazide, glisoxepide, acetohexamide, glibonuride, tolbutamide, tolazamide, carbutamide, gliquidone, glihexamid, phenbutamide, tolcyclamide or the like), biguanide (for example, metformin, phenformin, buformin or the like), glucagon antagonist (for example, peptidic or nonpeptidic glucagon antagonist), glucosidase inhibitor (for example, acarbose, miglitol or the like), insulin sensitizer (for example, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone or the like), antiobesity agent (for example, sibutramine, orlistat or the like) or the like.
The dose of the compound [I] of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof depends on methods of administration, ages, body weights or conditions of patients, but usually about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg per day, preferably about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg.
The compound [I] of the present invention can be prepared according to the following methods.
(In the above scheme, Z1 is halogen atom, hydroxy or alkoxy, Z2 is hydrogen atom or alkyl, Z3 is hydroxy, halogen atom or arylsulfonyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, Z4 is halogen atom, dialkoxyboryl, dihydroxyboryl or trialkylstannyl, lithio, Z5 is hydrogen atom, halogen atom, dialkoxyboryl, dihydroxyboryl or trialkylstannyl, lithio, and the other symbols have the same meanings as mentioned above.)
The compound [VI] (Z2 is alkyl) can be also prepared by reacting the compound [VII] (Z5 is dialkoxyboryl, dihydroxyboryl or trialkylstannyl) with the compound [VIII] (Z1 is halogen atom, Z2 is alkyl) in an appropriate solvent (THF, methylene chloride, dioxane, water, DMF, toluene, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or the like, or a mixture thereof) using a metal catalyst (for example, dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tetrakis-(triphenylphosphine)palladium, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, dichloro[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium or the like), and the process preferably proceeds at −78° C. to 200° C.
Additionally, the compound [VI] (Z2 is alkyl) can be also prepared by reacting the compound [VII] (Z5 is lithio) with the compound [VIII] (Z1 is alkoxy, Z2 is alkyl) in an appropriate solvent (THF, dioxane, DMF, toluene, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or the like, or a mixture thereof), and the process can be preferably carried out at −78° C. to 200° C. Also, in case of using the compound [VII] (Z5 is halogen atom), the compound [VI] (Z2 is alkyl) can be prepared by converting the compound [VII] (Z5 is halogen atom) into the compound [VII] (Z5 is lithio) with an appropriate alkyllithium (n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, t-butyllithium or the like) in an appropriate solvent (THF, diethyl ether, toluene, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or the like, or a mixture thereof) to convert, followed by reacting with the compound [VIII] (Z1 is alkoxy, Z2 is alkyl) in the similar manner as the above-mentioned.
The reaction from the compound [II] (Z2 is hydrogen atom) to the compound [I] can be carried out by converting the compound [II] (Z2 is hydrogen atom) into a reactive intermediate such as acid chloride or a mixed acid anhydride, followed by reacting with the compound [III]. The conversion into acid chloride can be preferably carried out by using thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, or triphenylphosphine in the presence of carbon tetrachloride, or the like, and the conversion into a mixed acid anhydride can be carried out by using diphenyl phosphoryl chloride, diethyl phosphorocyanidate, methanesulfonyl chloride, ethyl chloroformate, isobutyl chloroformate or the like in the presence of a base such as triethylamine. As the solvent, any of a single solvent or a mixed solvent of methylene chloride, chloroform, THF, DMF or the like can be preferably used. The reaction preferably proceeds at −78° C. to 100° C., more preferably −25° C. to 25° C. The reaction of an acid chloride or a mixed acid anhydride resulted in this way with the compound [III] proceeds in the presence of a base such as pyridine, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, diisopropylethylamine or the like preferably at −78° C. to 100° C., more preferably −25° C. to 25° C. and as the solvent, any of a single solvent or a mixed solvent of methylene chloride, chloroform, THF, DMF or the like can be preferably used.
The reaction of the compound [VI′] (Z2 is hydrogen atom) with the compound [III] can be carried out in the similar manner as the reaction of the above (4).
The conversion from the compound [X′] to the compound [X] can be carried out in any conventional manner oxidizing alcohol to ketone, for example, by dimethylsulfoxide oxidation using an activating agent such as oxalyl chloride (Swern oxidation), or by using an oxidizing agent (activated manganese dioxide, sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex, 1-hydroxy-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one 1-oxide, 1,1,1-triacetoxy-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one, pyridinium chlorochromate, pyridinium dichromate or the like) in the presence or absence of a base (triethylamine or the like) in an appropriate solvent (dimethylsulfoxide, chloroform, methylene chloride or the like).
The compound [I] can be converted further in the following methods.
Additionally, the esterification can be also carried out by converting a carboxyl compound to a reactive intermediate such as an acid halide with a halogenating agent (oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride or the like) in an appropriate solvent (methylene chloride, chloroform, THF, dioxane or the like), followed by using alkanol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or the like) at −78° C. to 200° C.
Additionally, the hydrolysis can be also preferably carried out by using an acid (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or the like) in an appropriate solvent (THF, dioxane, acetic acid, water or the like, or a mixed solvent thereof at −78° C. to 200° C.
Additionally, the process can be also preferably carried out by using a reducing agent (stannous chloride, iron, zinc or the like) in an appropriate solvent (alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, or methylene chloride, chloroform, THF, dioxane, acetic acid, water or the like, or a mixed solvent thereof at −78° C. to 200° C., more preferably 0° C. to 100° C.
A Glucokinase Activation Effect
(Method)
A glucokinase activity was examined by measuring the amount of NADPH obtained in generating 6-phosphogluconic acid from glucose-6-phosphoric acid by a coupling enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase not by measuring directly the produced glucose-6-phosphoric acid. The glucokinase enzyme used in the examination is human-liver type GST-GK expressed in E. Coli. The measurement of GK activity was carried out by the following procedures.
Twenty five mM HEPES buffer (pH7.4) containing 25 mM MgCl2, mM KCl, 1 mM DTT, 5 mM NADP (Roche), 16.64 μg/mL G6PDH (Roche 737-232 grade II from yeast) and 2.8 μg/mL GST-GK was prepared as a reaction solution. An evaluating compound dissolved in DMSO was added to the reaction solution to give final concentration of 0.001 to 100 μM (5% DMSO). Thereto was added glucose (final concentration of 5 mM) as a substrate and was added ATP (final concentration of 5 mM), and the reaction was started. The reaction temperature is 30° C. and a generation of NADPH was monitored by changes of absorbance of 340 nm. An increasing in absorbance for 15 minutes from starting reaction was measured and the blank-corrected value was used as GK activity (mOD/min). EC50 level was calculated by a GK activity level in at each concentration of an evaluating compound.
(Results)
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for preparing 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole and a salt thereof, and it has surprisingly been found that the desired 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole compound can be prepared in high yield by using 2-aminothiazole wherein the 5-position is not substituted as a starting material. The method of the present invention is an industrially very advantageous since the starting material, 2-aminothiazole, is commercially available at a low cost compared to 5-bromo-2-aminothiazole, which gives lowering of the production cost, and further various substituents can be introduced at 5-position of 2-aminothiazole.
Thus, the present invention includes the following embodiments of the method for preparing the desired compounds:
wherein the symbols have the same meanings as mentioned above, or a salt thereof by treating 2-aminothiazole wherein the amino group may be protected, or a salt thereof with a base, followed by treating the resultant with an electrophile of the general formula:
G-X [XXII]
wherein X is a leaving group, G is halogen atom, formyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, dialkylsulforyl, alkylboryl or trialkylsilyl;
and removing the protecting group where the amino group is protected.
5-Substituted 2-aminothiazole or a salt thereof to be prepared by the method of the present invention is preferably a compound wherein the substituent G is halogen atom or formyl. A compound wherein G is fluorine atom or formyl, particularly fluorine atom, is more preferable.
A conventional protecting group can be used as a protecting group of the amino group of the starting material, 2-aminothiazole. Said protecting group includes, for example, oxycarbonyl-type protecting group such as substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl (for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloro-ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl), substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl (for example, benzyloxycarbonyl), or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxycarbonyl (for example, phenoxycarbonyl); formyl; carbonyl-type protecting group such as substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl (for example, trifluoroacetyl, tert-butanoyl), or substituted or unsubstituted arylcarbonyl (for example, benzoyl); or alkyl-type protecting group such as substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (for example, tert-butyl), or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl (for example, benzyl, benzhydryl, trityl).
A preferable protecting group among them is oxycarbonyl-type protecting group, carbonyl-type protecting group, alkyl-type protecting group, more preferably oxycarbonyl-type protecting group, carbonyl-type protecting group, particularly oxycarbonyl-type protecting group.
A preferable oxycarbonyl-type protecting group is substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl, particularly substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl. A preferable carbonyl-type protecting group is substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl. A preferable alkyl-type protecting group is substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl.
A preferable substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl is tert-butoxycarbonyl. A preferable substituted or unsubstituted aralkyloxycarbonyl is benzyloxycarbonyl. A preferable substituted or unsubstituted alkanoyl is trifluoroacetyl. A preferable substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl is benzhydryl.
A salt of 2-aminothiazole wherein the amino group may be protected includes a salt with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, nitrate or phosphate; or a salt with an organic acid such as formate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, malate, tartarate, citrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate or toluenesulfonate.
A strong base can be preferably used as a base of base-treatment. Such a strong base includes lithium compound such as alkyllithium, cycloalkyllithium, aryllithium, lithium amide or lithium cyclyl-amide. Among them, using alkyllithium or cycloalkyllithium is preferable, most preferably alkyllithium in particular.
Alkyllithium includes n-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium or the like. Cycloalkyllithium includes cyclohexyllithium or the like. Aryllithium includes phenyllithium or the like. Lithium amide includes lithium dialkylamide (lithium diisopropylamide), lithium bis(trialkylsilyl)amide (lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide) or the like. Lithium cyclyl-amide includes lithium 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidide (lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) or the like.
The base-treatment can be carried out in an appropriate solvent under cooling. Any of aliphatic hydrocarbon-type solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvent, ether-type solvent, phosphoric amide-type solvent, urea-type solvent, amine-type solvent or a mixed solvent thereof can be preferably used as said solvent. A preferable solvent among them is ether-type solvent.
The aliphatic hydrocarbon-type solvent includes pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, preferably hexane or cyclohexane. The aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvent includes toluene, xylene, preferably toluene. The ether-type solvent includes anisole, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, THF, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, preferably diethyl ether, THF, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, particularly THF. The phosphoric amide-type solvent includes hexaalkylphosphoric triamide, preferably hexamethyl-phosphoric triamide in particular. The urea-type solvent includes N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea, N,N′-dimethylethyleneurea, preferably N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea in particular. The amine-type solvent includes N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine or the like.
The proceeding of the reaction can be promoted by adding a small portion of the phosphoric amide-type solvent, the urea-type solvent or the amine-type solvent as a co-solvent to the other solvent. For example, the co-solvent including hexamethylphosphoric triamide, N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea, N,N′-dimethylethyleneurea or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine, or a mixed solvent comprising one or more kinds of these solvents can be added to the solvent including pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, anisole, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, THF or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or a mixed solvent comprising one or more kinds of these solvents. An amount of the co-solvent added in using in this way includes a range of 0.1% to 70%, preferably a range of 3% to 30% to an original solvent. In this case, the preferable original solvent among the above-mentioned is hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, diethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, THF or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or a mixed solvent comprising one or more kinds of these solvents, particularly hexane, toluene, diethyl ether, THF or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, or a mixed solvent comprising one or more kinds of these solvents. The most preferable one is THF.
The cooling condition in base-treatment includes a range of −100° C. to 25° C., preferably a range of −78° C. to 25° C. Particularly, a range of −78° C. to 0° C. is preferred.
The proceeding of the reaction can be promoted by using greater or equal to two equivalents of a base to one equivalent of 2-aminothiazole or a salt thereof in base-treatment.
An electrophile using in electrophile-treatment can include an electrophile of the general formula:
G-X [XXII]
wherein the symbols have the same meanings as mentioned above.
Any conventional leaving group can be preferably used as X of the electrophile G-X. Therefore, G-X can be, for example, halide-type electrophile using halogen atom as X, ester-type electrophile using alkoxy or the like as X, or amine-type electrophile using substituted or unsubstituted amino group as X. Also, in case that G is halogen atom or alkylthio, G-X can be dimer-type electrophile of G (in case X=G). Among them, amine-type electrophile is preferred.
The halide-type electrophile includes alkyl halocarbonate (ethyl chlorocarbonate, methyl chlorocarbonate or the like), alkylphosphoryl halide (ethylphosphoryl chloride or the like), trialkylsilyl halide (trialkylsilyl chloride, trialkylsilyl bromide or the like), alkylthio halide (methylthio chloride or the like), alkylsulfinyl halide (methylsulfinyl chloride or the like), or alkylsulfonyl chloride (methanesulfonyl chloride, ethanesulfonyl chloride or the like). Among them, alkylphosphoryl halide or trialkylsilyl halide is preferred, particularly ethylphosphoryl chloride or trimethylsilyl chloride is most preferred. The ester-type electrophile includes dialkyl carbonate (diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or the like) or trialkyl borate (trimethyl borate, triisopropyl borate or the like). Among them, trialkyl borate is preferred, particularly trimethyl borate is most preferred. The amine-type electrophile includes N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide, N-fluoropyridinium, 1-fluoropyridin-2-one, N-fluoro-quinuclidium, 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bistetrafluoroborate, N-fluoroperfluoropiperidine, N-fluorobenzene-sulfonylimide, N-fluorotrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, N-fluoro-N-methyl-p-toluenesulfonylamide or 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2-fluoro-1,2-benzothiazole-1,1-dione. Among them, N-fluorobenzenesulfonyl-imide or N-fluoro-N-methyl-p-toluenesulfonylamide is preferred, particularly N-fluorobenzenesulfonylimide is most preferred. The dimer-type electrophile includes dialkyl disulfide (dimethyl disulfide, bis(trifluoromethyl)disulfide or the like) or halogen molecule (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). Among them, dialkyl disulfide is preferred, particularly dimethyl disulfide is most preferred.
The electrophile-treatment can be carried out in an appropriate solvent under cooling. The solvent can preferably include the solvent of the above-mentioned in the base-treatment.
The base-treatment and the electrophile-treatment can be carried out in the same solvent by selecting an appropriate solvent. In this case, the electrophile-treatment can be carried out sequentially in the solvent used in the base-treatment. Such a solvent includes a mixed solvent of THF and hexane, a mixed solvent of diethyl ether and hexane, or the like.
The cooling condition of the electrophile-treatment includes a range of −100° C. to 25° C., preferably a range of −78° C. to 25° C.
The protecting group which protects the amino group of 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole compound or a salt thereof can be removed by the conventional method. A removing method of such a protecting group includes, for example, acidolysis, acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, catalytic reduction or the like.
The acidolysis can be carried out by using an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, titanium tetrachloride or stannic chloride in an appropriate solvent (for example, methylene chloride, chloroform, toluene, methanol, ethanol, THF, water or the like). The acid hydrolysis can be carried out by using an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in an appropriate solvent (for example, water, or a mixed solvent of methanol, ethanol, THF or the like with water). Also, the alkali hydrolysis can be carried out by using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or the like in a solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol or THF.
The resulting 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole compound or a salt thereof can be the desired salt by the conventional method. The salt of 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole compound includes a salt with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate; or a salt with an organic acid such as formate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, malate, tartarate, citrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate. Moreover, in case that substitutent at 5-position has an acidic group, the salt includes a salt with an inorganic base such as alkali metal including lithium, sodium or potassium, alkali earth metal including calcium or magnesium, or other metal including zinc or aluminum; or a salt with an organic base such as ammonium, choline, diethanolamine, lysine, ethylenediamine, tert-butylamine, tert-octylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N-methylglucosamine, triethanolamine or dehydroabiethylamine.
In the above method for preparing of the present invention, aryl and aryl in aralkyl include monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aryl having 6 to 14 carbons, preferably 6 to 10 carbons, specifically phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthranyl or the like. Alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, aryl or aralkyl may be substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen atom, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl.
The other groups are the same as the above-mentioned in the oxime derivative [I].
Meanwhile, thiazole includes 1,2-thiazole (isothiazole) and 1,3-thiazole, but in the above method for preparing of the present invention, it is described simply as “thiazole” in the meaning of 1,3-thiazole.
In the present specification, DMF represents N,N-dimethylformamide and THF represents tetrahydrofuran.
The compound [I] of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful for preventing or treating diseases involving glucokinase, for example, diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, or chronic complications associated with diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, ischemic heart disease or arteriosclerosis, additionally obesity, because of its excellent glucokinase activation effect.
On the other hand, 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole compound or a salt thereof can be prepared in a good yield by the method for the preparing of the present invention. Also, the method for the preparing of the present invention is an industrially advantageous method which can introduce various substituents at 5-position of 2-aminothiazole depending on the kinds of the electrophile used. Additionally, it is an industrially very advantageous method because 2-aminothiazole, the starting material of the method of the present invention, is low in price compared to 5-bromo-2-aminothiazole, which gives lowering of production cost.
The present invention is explained in more detail in the following EXAMPLES and REFERENCE EXAMPLES, but the invention is not limited to these explanations.
In EXAMPLES, APCI is atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrum and ESI is electrospray ionization mass spectrum.
MS (m/z) APCI: 450 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound (1-F) (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) and (R)-2-methylpiperazine (223 mg, 2.65 mmol) in methylene chloride (4 ml) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (112 mg, 0.55 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. To the reaction solution was added water, and the organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was puridied by silica gel column chromatography (NH-silica gel; 1 to 6% methanol-chloroform) to give the compound (2-A) (116.7 mg, yield 49%) as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 534 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 2 to give the following compounds.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 4 (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (21 mg, 0.165 mmol) in chloroform (1.5 ml) was added methoxyacetyl chloride (9.0 mg, 0.083 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. To the reaction mixture was added an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by LC/MS (Xterra Prep MS C18 5 μm, 30×50 mm; MeOH-10 mM (NH4)2CO3aq, 40:60 to 70:30) to give the above compound (13 mg, yield 43%) as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) ESI: 620 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 440 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(5) to give the following compounds.
The compound of EXAMPLE 13-(4) (2.69 g, 4.46 mmol) was dissolved in formic acid (50 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chased with toluene and solidified with ethyl acetate-hexane to give the above compound (2.46 g, quantitatively).
MS (m/z) ESI: 545 [M−H]−
To a suspension of the compound of EXAMPLE 13-(8) (151 mg, 0.234 mmol) in ethyl acetate (3 ml) was added a 4M hydrogen chloride solution in dioxane (6 ml, 24 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 16 hours at the same temperature and then diluted with diethyl ether. The precipitated crystals were collected and dried to give the above compound (127 mg, yield 93%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 546 [M+H]+
The compound of EXAMPLE 13-(9) was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 15 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 532 [M+H]+
To a solution of the carboxylic acid (1-E) of EXAMPLE 1 (100 mg, 0.295 mmol) and the amine of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 8 (68.5 mg, 0.324 mmol) in THF-N-methylpyrrolidone (1:1) (6 ml) was added 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (hereinafter called DMT-MM) (90 mg, 0.325 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 20 hours at the same temperature and diluted with diisopropyl ether-hexane. The resulting precipitates were collected and purified by LC/MS (Xterra Prep MS C18 5 μm, 30×50 mm; MeOH-10 mM (NH4)2CO3aq, 70:30) to give the above compound (8 mg, yield 6%) as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 533 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 2 to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 11 to give the following compounds.
The compound of EXAMPLE (18-12) (640 mg, 1.01 mmol) was dissolved in formic acid (10 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, concentrated, neutralized with a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by NH-silica gel column chromatography (5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (385 mg, yield 72%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 534 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were converted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 2 to the corresponding compounds having a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, and then the resulting starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
The compound of EXAMPLE 19-(7) (2.7 g, 4.26 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (30 ml), and thereto was added potassium carbonate (600 mg, 4.26 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours and concentrated, and thereto was added water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (1.5 to 10% methanol-ethyl acetate) to give the above compound (1.7 g, yield 68%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 592 [M+H]+
A solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 3 (80 mg, 0.15 mmol), difluoroacetic acid (0.028 ml, 0.45 mmol) and N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (116 mg, 0.60 mmol) in chloroform (3 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (85.6 mg, yield 93%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 612 [M+H]+
Corresponding compounds were reacted in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
The compound of EXAMPLE 3 (80 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl formate (3 ml), and the mixture was heated to reflux for 32 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 8% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (72.4 mg, yield 98%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 562 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(5) to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 104 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 255 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 339 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 337 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 422 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 1 (958 mg, 2.13 mmol) in methanol (40 ml) was added sodium borohydride (160 mg, 4.26 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature. Acetone (1 ml) was added and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (3 to 10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (976 mg, yield 100%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 452 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(12) (150 mg, 0.32 mmol) in methylene chloride (3 ml) was added m-chloroperbenzoic acid (110 mg, 0.48 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (1 to 8% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (61 mg, yield 38%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 500 [M+H]+
The following compounds were synthesized by treating the compounds of EXAMPLE 24-(33) in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 2.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 1 (1.28 g, 2.85 mmol) in THF (30 ml) was added a 3M solution of methyl magnesium bromide in diethyl ether (2 ml, 5.98 mmol) at −78° C., and then the mixture was warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1 hour at the same temperature. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (2 to 10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (1.03 g, yield 78%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 466 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(13) (100 mg, 0.224 mmol) in ethanol-water (1:1) (6 ml) were added sodium carbonate (40.4 mg, 0.38 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (57.6 mg, 0.83 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours and extracted with chloroform, and the organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (5 to 10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (30 mg, yield 28%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 480 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 29 (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) in methylene chloride (7 ml) was added manganese dioxide (1 g) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 12 hours at the same temperature and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (2 to 5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (77.6 mg, yield 78%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 464 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(13) (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in acetone-water (4:1) (5 ml) were added potassium carbonate (31 mg, 0.22 mmol) and a 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (0.2 ml) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 38 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a 10% aqueous sodium sulfite solution, and then the mixture was extracted with a mixed solvent of 10% methanol-chloroform. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (74 mg, yield 71%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 465 [M+H]+
The above compound was obtained as a colorless solid by reacting the compound of EXAMPLE 31 in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 29.
MS (m/z) APCI: 480 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 29 (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) and vinyl acetate (0.4 ml, 4.30 mmol) in ethyl acetate (5 ml) was added Lipase PS (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) (1.0 g) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 days. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-ethyl acetate) to give the above compound (36.5 mg, yield 37%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 466 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(14) (1.06 g, 2.09 mmol) in ethanol (30 ml) was added a 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2.09 ml, 4.18 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was solidified with diethyl ether to give the compound (920 mg, yield 92%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) ESI: 478 [M−H]−
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(14) (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) in THF (4 ml) was added lithium borohydride (17.2 mg, 0.79 mmol) under ice-cooling, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. To the reaction mixture was added methanol (4 ml) and oxalic acid (100 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 24 hours, and thereto was added ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed sequentially with a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (1 to 7% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (27.6 mg, yield 30%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 466 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 35 (200 mg, 0.42 mmol), dimethylamine hydrochloride (102 mg, 1.25 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (169 mg, 1.25 mmol) in methylene chloride (6 ml) was added dropwise N-ethyl-N′-(3-diethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (0.226 ml, 1.25 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 24 hours, diluted with methylene chloride, washed sequentially with a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by NH-silica gel column chromatography (5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (212 mg, yield 100%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 507 [M+H]+
The following compounds were synthesized by reacting the corresponding starting compounds in the similar manner as the above-mentioned.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(36) (66 mg, 0.15 mmol) in ethanol-THF (1:1) (6 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (60 mg). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 under hydrogen at normal pressure, filtered through Celite and then the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the above compound (67 mg, yield 100%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 445 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(22) (500 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) were added tributyl(2-methyl-1-propenyl)tin (690 mg, 2.0 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (0.87 ml, 5.0 mmol), lithium chloride (296 mg, 7.0 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (58 mg, 0.05 mmol) under argon. The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 4 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate, and thereto was added water and then filtered through Celite. The filtrate was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by NH-silica gel column chromatography (50 to 100% chloroform-hexane) to give the above compound (268 mg, yield 56%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 476 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 39 (95 mg, 0.20 mmol) in acetone-acetonitrile-water (1:1:1) (6 ml) were added N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (59 mg, 0.50 mmol) and 10% microencapsulated osmium tetroxide (Osmium (VIII) Oxide, Microencapsulate™, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 102 mg, 0.04 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days, diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered through Celite, and then the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (3-10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (96 mg, yield 94%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 510 [M+H]+
The following compound was synthesized by treating the corresponding starting compound in the similar manner as the above-mentioned.
MS (m/z) APCI: 519 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 419 [M+H]+
The following compound was synthesized by treating the corresponding starting compound in the similar manner as the above-mentioned.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 26 (300 mg, 0.66 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) were added sequentially triethylamine (0.28 ml, 1.99 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.095 ml, 1.0 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, concentrated in vacuo and then to the residue was added ethylene glycol (15 ml). The mixture was heated to reflux for 8 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate, and then washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-ethyl acetate) to the above compound (166 mg, yield 50%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 496 [M+H]+
The following compounds were synthesized by treating the corresponding starting compounds in the similar manner as the above-mentioned.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(5) to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 819 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 498 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 44-(1) (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (321 mg, 0.97 mmol) in THF (4 ml) was added triphenylphosphine (256 mg, 0.97 mmol) at −10° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 38 hours, and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by NH-silica gel column chromatography (50 to 90% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the above compound (176 mg, quantitatively).
MS (m/z) APCI: 574/576 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 43-(14) (1800 mg, 3.34 mmol) in ethanol-THF (1:3) (26 ml) was added a 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (5.0 ml, 10 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours, concentrated in vacuo, and then the residue was acidified with 2N hydrochloric acid. After diluting with ethyl acetate, the mixture was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was solidified with ethyl acetate-hexane to give the above compound (1631 mg, yield 96%) as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 510 [M−H]−
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
The compound of EXAMPLE 43-(12) (287 mg, 0.54 mmol) was dissolved in formic acid (3 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours at the same temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform, washed sequentially with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-ethyl acetate) to give the above compound (180 mg, yield 77%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 432 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 37 to give the following compounds.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 24-(10) (248 mg, 0.50 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) were added tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (57 mg, 0.05 mmol) and 2-mercaptoethanol (98 mg, 1.25 mmol) under argon. The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 3 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate, and then washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (50 to 100% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the above compound (72.1 mg, yield 29%) as a colorless solid.
MS (m/z) APCI: 493 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(5) to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 617 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 50 (810 mg, 1.31 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added a 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF (3.9 ml, 3.9 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 8% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (646 mg, yield 98%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 503 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 26 (296 mg, 0.66 mmol) in chloroform (3 ml) were added trifluoroacetic acid (2 ml) and sodium thiomethoxide (183 mg, 2.61 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a sealed tube under microwave irradiation for 3 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed sequentially with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate) to give the above compound (281 mg, yield 89%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 482 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 52 (176 mg, 0.365 mmol) in chloroform (5 ml) was added 70% m-chloroperbenzoic acid (225 mg, 0.913 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour and at room temperature for another 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a 10% sodium sulfite solution, and the organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (148 mg, yield 79%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 514 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 45 (50 mg, 0.087 mmol) in methanol (1.5 ml) was added N,N-dimethyltrimethylsilylamine (459 mg, 3.92 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 30 minutes and at room temperature for another 18 hours, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 6% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (41.2 mg, yield 88%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 539 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 26 (908 mg, 2.01 mmol) and 4-hydroxypiperidine (610 mg, 6.03 mmol) in toluene (60 ml) was added p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (3.65 g, 19.2 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 1 hour using a Dean-Stark apparatus for azeotropic removal of the resulting water. After standing to cool, to the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (aqueous ammonia-methanol-chloroform, 1:10:100) to give the above compound (461 mg, yield 43%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 535 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 55 (107 mg, 0.2 mmol) and pyridine (0.081 ml, 1.0 mmol) in chloroform (5 ml) was added acetic anhydride (0.0284 ml, 0.3 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo, and then the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (105 mg, yield 91%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 577 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
To a mixture of the compound of EXAMPLE 55 (111 mg, 0.208 mmol) and a 38% aqueous formalin solution (1 ml) in chloroform (3 ml) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (132 mg, 0.603 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 20% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (106 mg, yield 93%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 549 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 477 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 445 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 29 to give the following compound.
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 31 to give the following compound.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 2 to give the following compounds.
The compound (1-D), 2-methoxyethanol and the corresponding starting compound were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 428 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 340 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 409 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 495 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
MS (m/z) ESI: 336 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 438 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 370 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 484 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 426 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 427 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 473 [M+NH4]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 440 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 542 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 428 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
The compound (66-A) and the corresponding starting compound were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 66-(2) to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 464 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 593 [M+NH4]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 380 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 751 [2M+Na-2H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 466 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 534 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 450 [M+H]+
The compound (69-D) (84.3 mg, 0.181 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of methanol-THF (2:1) (6 ml), and thereto was added sodium borohydride (33.8 mg, 0.89 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 7% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (79.8 mg, yield 94%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 468 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 62 and EXAMPLE 64 to give the following compound.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 62-(7) (100 mg, 0.21 mmol) in methanol (3 ml) was added a 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 3 days. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, and then the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (2 to 10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (54.1 mg, yield 60%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 428 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 383 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 469 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 73 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) and triethylamine (0.326 ml, 2.34 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide (3 ml) was added sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex (186 mg, 1.17 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 18 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate, and then washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (30 to 100% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the above compound (27.9 mg, yield 28%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 426 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 383 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 469 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 368 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 382 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 366 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 468 [M+H]+
(3-Chloro-4-methanesulfonylphenyl)oxoacetic acid ethyl ester and the corresponding starting compound were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 65 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 448/450 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 252 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 369 [M+H]+
(3) The above compound was reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(4-2-2) to give the compound (79-C).
MS (m/z) ESI: 339 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 441 [M+H]+
bp 70 to 100° C. (19 mmHg), MS (m/z) APCI: 157 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 257 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 344 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 446 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 381 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 351 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 500 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 415 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 241 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 326 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 298 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 398 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 396 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
To a solution of the compound (83-F) (88.8 mg, 0.23 mmol) in chloroform (3 ml) was added 70% m-chloroperbenzoic acid (166 mg, 0.68 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 6 hours and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by NH-silica gel chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (76.8 mg, yield 80%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 428 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 83 and/or the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 654/656 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 445 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 84-(1) (264 mg, 0.46 mmol) in ethanol-THF (1:1) (12 ml) was added hydrazine hydrate (92.2 mg, 1.98 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 24 hours, and thereto was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The mixture was extracted with chloroform, and the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and thereto was added a 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane (0.5 ml) at room temperature, and the precipitated crystals were collected to give the above compound (242 mg, quantitatively) as a hydrochloride.
MS (m/z) APCI: 443 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 279 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 295 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 265 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 376 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 360 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 462 [M+H]+
To a suspension of the compound (87-F) (200 mg, 0.43 mmol), potassium tert-butoxide (53.5 mg, 0.48 mmol), 3-mercapto-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (50 mg, 0.43 mmol) and bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether (23.4 mg, 0.043 mmol) in toluene (5 ml) was added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (20 mg, 0.022 mmol) at room temperature under argon. The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hours, diluted with ethyl acetate, and then filtered through Celite and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by NH-silica gel chromatography (0 to 3% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (79 mg, yield 41%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 449 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 88 (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) in methylene chloride (3 ml) was added 65% m-chloroperbenzoic acid (189 mg, 0.71 mmol) under ice-cooling, and then the ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution, and then the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by NH-silica gel chromatography (0 to 3% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (7.8 mg, yield 9%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 481 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 290 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 392 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 202 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 340 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 388 [M+H]+
The above compounds of EXAMPLE (91-C), (91-D) or (91-E) and the corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as a combination of any or some of the above EXAMPLEs to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 65 to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 65 to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 442 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 352 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 406 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as one or more combinations selected from the above methods, EXAMPLE 66-(2), EXAMPLE 64 and EXAMPLE 53 to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) ESI: 362 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 600 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
The compound (80-C) and the corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(5) to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as a combination of the method of EXAMPLE 91 and the above-mentioned method to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 316 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 386 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 741 [2M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 468 [M+H]+
The compound (98-B) was also synthesized in the following alternative method.
MS (m/z) APCI: 312 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 386 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 387 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 765 [2M-2H+Na]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 499 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 373 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 487 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 569 [M+H]
MS (m/z) APCI: 455 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 623 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in a combination of the above-mentioned methods to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 536/538 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 430/432 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 67 using the compound 67-B or the corresponding enantiomer synthesized in the method of EXAMPLE 67 to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 328 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 312 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 414 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 326 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) ESI: 491 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to live the following compounds.
MS (m/z) ESI: 340 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) ESI: 458/460 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) ESI: 359 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 524 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) ESI: 360 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 525 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1 using (R)-(−)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-methanol or the corresponding (S)-isomer to give the following compounds.
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 110-(1) (300 mg, 0.55 mmol) in THF (4 ml) was added 1N hydrochloric acid (2 ml, 2 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was extracted with chloroform, and the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (10% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (230 mg, yield 83%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 507 [M+H]+
The compound of EXAMPLE 110-(2) was reacted in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
A corresponding starting compound was reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(5) to give the following compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 462 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 40 to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 276 [M+H+H2O]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 226 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 363 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 395/397 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned method and EXAMPLE 27 to synthesize the following compound.
MS (m/z) ESI: 364 [M+Na]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 591 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) ESI: 689 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 447 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) ESI: 466 [M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 451 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 296/298 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 321/323 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 481/483/485 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 295/297 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 432/434 [M+H]+
The compound (79-C) and the corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(5) to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(3), (4-1), (5) to give the following compounds.
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 73 to give the following compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 454 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 1-(4-1), (5) to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 370 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 681 [2M−H]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 442 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 474 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in a combination of the methods of EXAMPLE 1-(5), EXAMPLE 15, EXAMPLE 17 using the compound (77-D) to give the following compounds.
To a suspension of the compound of EXAMPLE 102-(24) (80 mg, 0.162 mmol), propargyl alcohol (0.047 ml, 0.81 mmol), copper (I) iodide (6.2 mg, 0.03 mmol) and triethylamine (0.5 ml, 3.6 mmol) in THF (2 ml) was added dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (22.7 mg, 0.03 mmol) at room temperature under argon, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (50 to 100% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the above compound (25 mg, yield 33%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 469 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as the above-mentioned to give the following compound.
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 58 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 443 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 29 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 459 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 26 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 445 [M+H]+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 83 and 84 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 498 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 403 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) ESI: 444 [M−H]−
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE (134) (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml) was added ethyl chlorocarbonate (0.023 ml, 0.24 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (44 mg, yield 38%).
MS (m/z) ESI: 522 [M−H]−
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 86 (58 mg, 0.11 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.098 ml, 0.57 mmol) in chloroform (2 ml) was added acetic anhydride (0.021 ml, 0.22 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (42 mg, yield 77%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 485 [M+H]+
To a mixture of the compound of EXAMPLE 86 (59 mg, 0.11 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.060 ml, 0.0.34 mmol) in a 38% aqueous formalin solution (1 ml) and chloroform (2 ml) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (73 mg, 0.34 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour and at room temperature for 3 hours. Then, to the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by NH-silica gel chromatography (0 to 15% methanol-ethyl acetate) to give the above compound (29 mg, yield 54%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 471 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 449 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 481 [M+H]+
The compound of EXAMPLE 91-(4) was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 30 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 452 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 445 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 507/509 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 459 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 396 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 783 [2M-2H+Na]−
MS (m/z) APCI: 482 [M+H]+
To a solution of the compound of EXAMPLE 60 (49 mg, 0.11 mmol) and pyridine (0.50 ml) in methanol (1.0 ml) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (15 mg, 0.21 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. To the reaction mixture was added chloroform, and the mixture was washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0 to 5% methanol-chloroform) to give the titled compound (52 mg, quantitatively).
MS (m/z) APCI: 474 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 637 [M+H]+
MS (m/z) APCI: 537 [M+H]+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as any of the above EXAMPLEs to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds are treated in the similar manner as any of the above EXAMPLEs to give the following compounds.
To a solution of 2-tert-butyloxycarbonylaminothiazole (88.0 g, 439 mmol) in THF (1760 ml) was added dropwise a 1.59M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (729 ml, 1159 mmol) over 20 minutes at −78° C., and the mixture was warmed to −10° C. over 1 hour. The mixture was cooled again to −78° C. and thereto was added DMF (102 ml, 0.132 mmol) in one portion. The acetone-dry ice bath was removed. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then poured into cold water (1000 ml) and thereto was added ethyl acetate (2000 ml). The organic layer was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the solvents were removed. The residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give 2-tert-butyloxycarbonylaminothiazole-5-carbaldehyde (74.8 g).
mp. 173 to 175° C.
MS (m/z) APCI: 229 (M+H)+
To a solution of the above 2-tert-butyloxycarbonylaminothiazole-5-carbaldehyde (64.5 g, 282 mmol) in methylene chloride (322 ml) was added dropwise trifluoroacetic acid (322 ml) under ice-cooling over 20 minutes. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and the solvent was removed by evaporation. Thereto was added chloroform (50 ml), and then added a 4N hydrogen chloride solution in dioxane (300 ml) dropwise under ice-cooling. After removing the solvents, the residue was washed with ethyl acetate and collected to give the titled compound (41.3 g) as monohydrochloride thereof.
mp. 190 to 194° C. (decomposed)
MS (m/z) APCI: not detected
To a solution of 2-tert-butyloxycarbonylaminothiazole (60.0 g, 299 mmol) in THF (1200 ml) was added dropwise a 1.59M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (428 ml, 659 mmol) at −78° C. over 20 minutes, and the mixture was warmed to −10° C. over 1 hour and cooled again to −78° C. Thereto was added N-fluorobenzenesulfonylimide (142 g, 449 mmol) in one portion. The acetone-dry ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes poured into cold water (1000 ml). Thereto was added ethyl acetate (1200 ml) and the organic layer was washed sequentially with 2N hydrochloric acid, water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (15% ethyl acetate-hexane=3:1), and then recrystallized from diethyl ether to give 2-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino-5-fluorothiazole (45.1 g).
mp. 157 to 159° C.
MS (m/z) APCI: 219 (M+H)+
To a solution of the above 2-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino-5-fluorothiazole (38.0 g, 174 mmol) in methylene chloride (190 ml) was added dropwise trifluoroacetic acid (190 ml) over 20 minutes under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 hours, and concentrated. Thereto was added chloroform (20 ml) and 4N hydrogen chloride solution in dioxane (180 ml) dropwise under ice-cooling. After concentration, the residue was washed with ethyl acetate and collected to give the titled compound (24.6 g) as monohydrochloride thereof.
mp. 142 to 144° C. (decomposed)
MS (m/z) APCI: 119 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 131 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 145 (M+H)+
5-Methoxy[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-amine (5.0 g, 27.6 mmol) was dissolved in 30% hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (50 ml). The mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 3 hours and cooled to room temperature, and then the solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue was solidified with diethyl ether to give 2-amino[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-5-ol dihydrobromide (9.11 g, quantitatively) as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 168 (M+H)+
A solution of a compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4 (1.18 g, 3.59 mmol), dimethylaminoethyl chloride monohydrochloride (569 mg, 3.95 mmol) and cesium carbonate (6.43 g, 19.75 mmol) in DMF (30 ml) was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to room temperature, thereto was added acetic acid (2.26 ml, 39.5 mmol) and the mixture was diluted with water to a homogeneous solution and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (NH-silica gel; 50% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the titled compound (273 mg, yield 32%) as pale yellow crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 239 (M+H)+
A solution of a compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4 (1.54 g, 4.68 mmol), ethyl bromoacetate (0.571 ml, 5.15 mmol) and cesium carbonate (6.86 g, 21.06 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Thereto was added acetic acid (2.47 ml, 43.2 mmol) and the mixture was diluted with water to a homogeneous solution and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (NH-silica gel; ethyl acetate) and solidified with diisopropyl ether to give the titled compound (862 mg, yield 67%) as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 254 (M+H)+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5 to give the titled compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 282 (M+H)+
To a solution of a compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 6 (862 mg, 3.40 mmol) in THF (20 ml) was added lithium borohydride (222 mg, 10.21 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours. To the reaction mixture was added 10% hydrochloric acid for degradation of the excess reagents. Thereto was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with 20% methanol-chloroform. The organic layer was separated and the solvents were removed. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (5 to 20% methanol-chloroform) to give the titled compound (369 mg, yield 51%) as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 212 (M+H)+
The above compound was also synthesized by the following alternative method.
MS (APCI): 185 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 212 (M+H)+
The compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4 was treated with 2-bromoacetamide in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5 to give the titled compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 225 (M+H)+
The compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 4 was treated with 2-bromo-N-methylacetamide in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5 to give the titled compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 239 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 311 (M+H)+
The above compound was also synthesized by the following alternative method.
MS (m/z) APCI: 284 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 311 (M+H)+
The compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 10 was treated in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11 to give the titled compound as colorless crystals.
MS (m/z) APCI: 325 (M+H)+
The above compound was also synthesized by the following alternative method.
MS (m/z) APCI: 298 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 268 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 325 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 208 (M+H)+
Methylpiperazine was used in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 13 to give the titled compound (yield 3% in 3 steps).
MS (APCI): 263 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 299 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 301 (M+H)+
MS (ESI): 271 (M−H)−
MS (APCI): 300 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 200 (M+H)+
To the compound (15-e) of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 15 (173 mg, 0.734 mmol) was added ammonia water and brine, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform several times. The extract was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give colorless crystals of the free compound (112 mg, yield 76%). A solution of the above compound (112 mg, 0.560 mmol) in THF (3 ml) was ice-cooled, and thereto was added lithium aluminum hydride (65 mg, 1.71 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour and at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added ammonia water, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thereto was added sodium sulfate, and then the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and thereto were added a 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane (0.5 ml, 1 mmol) and diethyl ether, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. The precipitate was collected and dried to give the titled compound (98 mg, yield 68%) as a colorless powder.
MS (APCI): 186 (M+H)+
A mixture of 2-amino-5-bromopyrazine (2.00 g, 11.5 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (1.28 g, 14.9 mmol), palladium acetate (258 mg, 1.15 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (644 mg, 2.30 mmol) and tripotassium phosphate (8.50 g, 40.23 mmol) in toluene-water (20:1) (53 ml) was heated to reflux for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and then concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (50 to 100% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the titled compound (329 mg, yield 21%) as a colorless powder.
MS (APCI): 136 (M+H)+
To a solution of the compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 8 (176 mg, 0.833 mmol) and imidazole (188 mg, 2.76 mmol) in DMF (4 ml) was added dropwise a solution of tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (188 mg, 1.25 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, and then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Then, the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (40 to 70% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the titled compound (172 mg, yield 64%) as colorless crystals.
MS (APCI): 326 (M+H)+
To a solution of 2-amino-5-bromothiazole hydrobromide (3.00 g, 11.5 mmol) and 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol monohydrochloride (2.45 g, 17.31 mmol) in water (15 ml)-ethanol (20 ml) was added a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (23.5 ml, 23.5 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 2 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo, and thereto was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and sodium chloride to saturation, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate several times. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo, and then the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (NH-silica gel; methanol-chloroform=49:1 to 19:1) to give the titled compound (2.10 g, yield 89%) as a brown solid.
MS (APCI): 204 (M+H)+
3-Mercapto-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole was used in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 19 to give the titled compound.
MS (APCI): 214 (M+H)+
2-Mercaptoethanol was used in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 19 to give the titled compound.
MS (APCI): 177 (M+H)+
3-Mercaptopropanol was used in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 19 to give the titled compound.
MS (APCI): 191 (M+H)+
To a mixture of 2-amino-5-bromothiazole hydrobromide (5.50 g, 21.2 mmol), tert-butyl-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (5.25 g, 29.6 mmol) and ethanol (80 ml) was added 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (7.73 g, 50.8 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate, and then washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Then, the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (ethyl acetate-hexane=3:1) to give the titled compound 5.72 g, yield 98%) as a colorless powder.
MS (APCI): 276 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 225 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 153 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 309/311 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 261 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 183 (M+H)+
To a solution of potassium thiocyanate (6.10 g, 63 mmol) in acetic acid (25 ml) was added 5-aminopyrimidine (1.00 g, 10.5 mmol), and thereto was added dropwise a solution of bromine (1.08 ml, 21.0 mmol) in acetic acid (3 ml) with cooling by ice bath. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was neutralized with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and then concentrated in vacuo. To the residue were added chloroform and THF, and the mixture was dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (methanol-chloroform=1:20 to 1:10) to give the titled compound (287 mg, yield 18%) as a yellow powder.
MS (APCI): 153 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 183 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 264/266 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 273 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 195 (M+H)+
A mixture of 2-amino-5-bromopyrazine (2.61 g, 15.0 mmol), tert-butylcarbamate (2.11 g, 18.0 mmol), copper (I) iodide (290 mg, 1.50 mmol), N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (260 mg, 3.00 mmol), potassium carbonate (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) in dioxane (80 ml) was heated to reflux for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was filtered through Celite and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (30 to 80% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the titled compound (yield 18%) as a colorless powder.
MS (APCI): 211 (M+H)+
MS (APCI): 296 (M+H)+
A mixture of 2-amino-5-iodopyridine (1.00 g, 4.55 mmol), methyl thioglycolate (0.482 g, 4.55 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium (208 mg, 0.227 mmol), bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)-ether (245 mg, 0.455 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (561 mg, 5.00 mmol) in toluene (20 ml) was stirred at 100° C. for 3 hours under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (NH-silica gel, 0 to 3% methanol-chloroform) to give the titled compound (268 mg, yield 30%) as a pale yellow solid.
MS (APCI): 199 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 349 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 249 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 330 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 252 (M+H)+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above REFERENCE EXAMPLE 33, REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11-(2) or REFERENCE EXAMPLE 18 or an appropriate combination thereof to give the following compounds.
MS (m/z) APCI: 345 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 359 (M+H)+
MS (m/z) APCI: 181 (M+H)+
The compound (34-a) of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 34 was treated in the similar manner as the method of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 34-(3) to give the titled compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 167 (M+H)+
Corresponding starting compounds were reacted in the similar manner as the alternative method of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11 or REFERENCE EXAMPLE 12 to give the following compounds.
To a suspension of 2-amino-4-chloromethylthiazole hydrochloride (2.00 g, 10.8 mmol) in dioxane (15 ml) was added N-methylpiperazine (12 ml, 108 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 110 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (5 ml) and the organic layer was separated by Chem Elut 1010® (manufactured by VARIAN) and the column was further eluted with chloroform. The eluate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (NH-silica gel; 2% methanol-chloroform) to give the above compound (1.18 g, yield 52%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 213 (M+H)+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 38 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 227 (M+H)+
To a solution of the compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 (10.00 g, 60.7 mmol), (S)-2-methyl-1-acetylpiperazine hydrochloride (15.0 g, 85.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (26.0 ml, 149 mmol) in chloroform (300 ml) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (18.0 g, 85.0 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 17 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The extract was dried over magnesium sulfate. After concentration in vacuo the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (6% methanol-chloroform) and crystallized from ethyl acetate-diethyl ether to give the above compound (10.99 g, yield 71%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 255 (M+H)+
A corresponding starting compound was treated in the similar manner as EXAMPLE 39 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 213 (M+H)+
A solution of the compound of REFERENCE EXAMPLE 29 (1.61 g, 7.70 mmol) in DMF (16 ml) was ice-cooled, and thereto was added potassium tert-butoxide (945 mg, 8.42 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, ice-cooled again and thereto was added methyl iodide (572 ml, 9.19 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, and the mixture was extracted with chloroform. The extract was washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (NH-silica gel, 10 to 35% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the above compound (1.51 g, yield 88%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 225 (M+H)+
A mixture of 2-amino-5-bromopyrazine (5.00 g, 28.74 mmol), 2-pyrrolidinone (10.90 ml, 143.7 mmol), cuprous iodide (1.10 g, 5.75 mmol), (1R,2R)-(−)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1.38 ml, 11.50 mmol), potassium carbonate (7.94 g, 57.5 mmol) and dioxane (86 ml) was stirred at 120° C. for 17 hours under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and thereto was added ethyl acetate-methanol (10:1), and the mixture was filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (5% methanol-chloroform) and crystallized from diethyl ether to give the above compound (2.77 g, yield 54%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 179 (M+H)+
1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-acetylthiopiperidine (4.60 g, 17.69 mmol) and 2-amino-5-bromothiazole hydrobromide were reacted in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 19 to give the above compound.
MS (m/z) APCI: 316 (M+H)+
To 2-methoxyethanol (55 ml) were added sequentially 60% sodium hydride (1.83 g, 45.8 mmol), 2-amino-5-bromopyrazine (7.00 g, 40.23 mmol) and copper powder (2.91 g, 53.9 mmol) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred at 160° C. for 20 hours in a sealed tube. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and thereto were added water, ammonia water and ethyl acetate, and the mixture was stirred and then filtered through Celite. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was dried over sodium sulfate, and after concentration in vacuo the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (40% ethyl acetate-hexane) to give the titled compound (2.74 g, yield 40%).
MS (m/z) APCI: 170 (M+H)+
Corresponding starting compounds were treated in the similar manner as the above REFERENCE EXAMPLE 44, REFERENCE EXAMPLE 11-(2) or REFERENCE EXAMPLE 18 or an appropriate combination thereof to give the following compounds.
Corresponding starting compounds were treated with 2-amino-6-hydroxybenzothiazole in the similar manner as REFERENCE EXAMPLE 5 to give the following compounds.
The compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can provide an agent for preventing or treating diseases involving glucokinase because of having an excellent glucokinase activation effect.
Also, the method for preparing 5-substituted 2-aminothiazole compound of the present invention and a salt thereof is industrially advantageous.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-202014 | Jul 2005 | JP | national |
| 2006-114243 | Apr 2006 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/314117 | 7/10/2006 | WO | 00 | 2/23/2007 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007/007886 | 1/18/2007 | WO | A |
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