Claims
- 1. A process for the oxychlorination of ethylene to produce a product in which at least 15 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which less than 5 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into combustion products and in which less than 3 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed to unsaturated C.sub.2 chlorinated compounds, comprising passing a gaseous feed mixture of ethylene, hydrogen chloride and an oxygen containing gas through a reaction zone maintained at a temperature within the range of 280.degree. to 370.degree. C and containing a fluid bed catalyst comprising an oxychlorination catalyst deposited on a carrier consisting essentially of silica and magnesia having a surface area within the range of 10 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, in which the molar feed ratios of the reactants are a ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of above 0.9 to 1.5, a ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 within the range of 1.40 to 3.0 and a ratio of HCl/C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of 2.20 to 3.65.
- 2. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay having a surface area within the range of 10 to 160 m.sup.2 /g. and a synthetic mixture of silica and magnesia having a surface area within the range of 40 to 200 m.sup.2 /g.
- 3. A process for the oxychlorination of ethylene to produce a product in which at least 15 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which less than 5 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into combustion products and in which less than 3 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed to unsaturated C.sub.2 chlorinated compounds, comprising passing a gaseous feed mixture of ethylene, hydrogen chloride and air through a reaction zone maintained at a temperature within the range of 280.degree. to 370.degree. C and containing a fluid bed catalyst comprising an oxychlorination catalyst deposited on a carrier consisting essentially of silica and magnesia having a surface area within the range of 10 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, wherein the feed mixture contains the reactants in a mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of above 0.9 to 1.5, a mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 within the range of 1.40 to 3.0 and a mole ratio of HCl/C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of 2.20 to 3.65 and the lower limit of the mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 is correlated with the mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 to provide a maximum combustion rate in accordance with the following:
- ______________________________________Maximum CombustionRate (Mole %) 5 4 3 2______________________________________O.sub.2 /C.sub. 2 H.sub.4 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 2.20 2.27 2.38 2.58O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.85 1.91 2.02 2.20O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.55 1.60 1.69 1.86O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.25 1.29 1.37 1.52______________________________________ and the upper limit of the mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 is correlated with the mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 to provide an HCl conversion rate in accordance with the following:
- ______________________________________Conversion Rateof HCl (Mole %) 80 90 92 94 96______________________________________O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 3.34 2.90 2.81 2.72 2.64O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.95 2.56 2.48 2.40 2.32O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.69 2.36 2.28 2.22 2.15O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.43 2.15 2.09 2.04 1.98______________________________________
- 4. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the reactants are present in the feed in the ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of above 0.9 to 1.20, HCl/O.sub.2 within the range of 2.00 to 2.55 and HCl/C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of 2.50 to 3.25.
- 5. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the temperature of the reaction zone is maintained within the range of 290.degree. to 340.degree. C.
- 6. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the molar feed rate of ethylene is within the range of 0.2 to 16 moles per hour per liter of catalyst.
- 7. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the molar feed ratio of ethylene is 0.7 to 8 moles per hour per liter of catalyst.
- 8. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the reaction is carried out under a pressure within the range of 1 to 10 absolute bars.
- 9. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the reaction is carried out under a pressure within the range of 4 to 9 absolute bars.
- 10. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the carrier for the catalyst is an attapulgite clay having an average specific surface area of 10 to 160 m.sup.2 /g.
- 11. The process as claimed in claim 3 which the carrier for the catalyst is a synthetic mixture consisting essentially of silica and magnesia having an average specific surface area of 40 to 200 m.sup.2 /g.
- 12. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the reactants have a residence time in the reaction zone of from 2 to 25 seconds.
- 13. The process as claimed in claim 3 in which the reactants have a residence time in the reaction zone of up to 40 seconds.
- 14. A process for the oxychlorination of ethylene to produce a product in which at least 15 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which less than 5 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into combustion products and in which less than 3 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed to unsaturated C.sub.2 chlorinated compounds, comprising passing a gaseous feed mixture of ethylene, hydrogen chloride and an oxygen containing gas through a reaction zone maintained at a temperature within the range of 280.degree. to 370.degree. C and containing a fluid bed catalyst comprising a copper containing catalyst deposited on a carrier selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay having a surface area within the range of 10 to 160 m.sup.2 /g and a synthetic mixture of silica and magnesia having a surface area within the range of 40 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, in which the molar feed ratios of the reactants are a ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of above 0.9 to 1.5 a ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 within the range of 1.40 to 3.0 and a ratio of HCl/C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of 2.20 to 3.65.
- 15. A process for the oxychlorination of ethylene to produce a product in which at least 15 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which less than 5 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into combustion products and in which less than 3 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed to unsaturated C.sub.2 chlorinated compounds, comprising passing a gaseous feed mixture of ethylene, hydrogen chloride and air through a reaction zone maintained at a temperature within the range of 280.degree. to 370.degree. C and containing a fluid bed catalyst comprising a copper containing catalyst deposited on a carrier selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay having a surface area within the range of 10 to 160 m.sup.2 /g and a synthetic mixture of silica and magnesia having a surface area within the range of 40 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, wherein the feed mixture contains the reactants in a mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of above 0.9 to 1.5, a mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 within the range of 1.40 to 3.0 and a mole ratio of HCl/C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of 2.20 to 3.65 and the lower limit of the mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 is correlated with the mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 to provide a maximum combustion rate in accordance with the following:
- ______________________________________Maximum CombustionRate (Mole %) 5 4 3 2______________________________________O.sub.2 /C.sub. 2 H.sub.4 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 2.20 2.27 2.38 2.58O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.85 1.91 2.02 2.20O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.55 1.60 1.69 1.86O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.25 1.29 1.37 1.52______________________________________
- and the upper limit of the mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 is correlated with the mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 to provide an HCl conversion rate in accordance with the following:
- ______________________________________Conversion Rateof HCl (Mole %) 80 90 92 94 96______________________________________O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 3.34 2.90 2.81 2.72 2.64O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.95 2.56 2.48 2.40 2.32O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.69 2.36 2.28 2.22 2.15O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.43 2.15 2.09 2.04 1.98______________________________________
- 16. A process for the oxychlorination of ethylene to produce a product which at least 15 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which less than 5 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into combustion products and in which less than 3 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed to unsaturated C.sub.2 chlorinated compounds, comprising passing a gaseous feed mixture of ethylene, hydrogen chloride and an oxygen containing gas through a reaction zone maintained at a temperature within the range of 280.degree. to 370.degree. C and containing a fluid bed catalyst comprising a copper-containing catalyst deposited on a carrier consisting essentially of silica and magnesia having a surface area within the range of 10 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, in which the molar feed ratios of the reactants are a ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of above 0.9 to 1.5, a ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 within the range of 1.40 to 3.0 and a ratio of HCl/C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of 2.20 to 3.65.
- 17. A process for the oxychlorination of ethylene to produce a product in which at least 15 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed into 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which less than 5 mole of the ethylene is transformed into combustion products and in which less than 3 mole percent of the ethylene is transformed to unsaturated C.sub.2 chlorinated compounds, comprising passing a gaseous feed mixture of ethylene, hydrogen chloride and air through a reaction zone maintained at a temperature within the range of 280.degree. to 370.degree. C and containing a fluid bed catalyst comprising a copper-containing catalyst deposited on a carrier consisting essentially of silica and magnesia having a surface area within the range of 10 to 200 m.sup.2 /g, wherein the feed mixture contains the reactants in a mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of above 0.9 to 1.5, a mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 within the range of 1.40 to 3.0 and a mole ratio of HCl/C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within the range of 2.20 to 3.65 and the lower limit of the mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 is correlated with the mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 to provide a maximum combustion rate in accordance with the following:
- ______________________________________Maximum CombustionRate (Mole %) 5 4 3 2______________________________________O.sub.2 /C.sub. 2 H.sub.4 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 2.20 2.27 2.38 2.58O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.85 1.91 2.02 2.20O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.55 1.60 1.69 1.86O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50HCl/O.sub.2 .gtoreq. 1.25 1.29 1.37 1.52______________________________________
- and the upper limit of the mole ratio of HCl/O.sub.2 is correlated with the mole ratio of O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 to provide an HCl conversion rate in accordance with the following:
- ______________________________________Conversion Rateof HCl (Mole %) 80 90 92 94 96______________________________________O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 3.34 2.90 2.81 2.72 2.64O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.95 2.56 2.48 2.40 2.32O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.69 2.36 2.28 2.22 2.15O.sub.2 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50HCl/O.sub.2 .ltoreq. 2.43 2.15 2.09 2.04 1.98______________________________________
Parent Case Info
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 144,652, filed May 18, 1971, now abandoned, which in turn was a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 730,605, filed May 20, 1968, also now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (4)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
992,847 |
May 1965 |
UK |
Non-Patent Literature Citations (1)
Entry |
Mantell, Adsorption, pp. 44, 45 and 48, (1951). |
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
144652 |
May 1971 |
|
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
730605 |
May 1968 |
|