Patent Grant
11559707
This application is a U.S. National Phase Application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/CN2018/111901 filed on Oct. 25, 2018, which claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 201711478191.2 filed Dec. 29, 2017. The entire disclosures of all of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to the field of solid chemical oxygen self-rescuer apparatus technologies, and in particular, to an initial oxygen source starting device for a chemical oxygen self-rescuer, specifically, to an oxygen candle with a drawing-type starting device.
In the existing oxygen generators, an oxygen candle is placed in a vessel provided with a gas outlet, and a mechanical starting device that can trigger the release of oxygen is provided on the upper part of the vessel. For the mechanical starting device, a percussion cap is impacted by means of mechanical strike, and the percussion cap generates a high temperature, which ignites the oxygen candle in the vessel, so that high-concentration oxygen is generated from above to the bottom. However, such a mechanical starting mode has the defects of complex mechanical structure, time-consuming assembling, high cost of percussion cap, easy falling-off of steel needle and generation of flame.
Directed to the defects or disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides an oxygen candle.
First of all, the invention provides an oxygen candle starting device, which includes a pull line column and a percussion cap, wherein a pull line hole is provided in the pull line column in an axial direction of the pull line column, a percussion cap cavity is provided inside one end of the pull line column, and a fire-preventing cavity is provided inside the other end of the pull line column, and the pull line hole passes through the fire-preventing cavity and the percussion cap cavity; the percussion cap is mounted in the percussion cap cavity, and sand grains are packaged in the fire-preventing cavity.
The percussion cap according to the invention includes a tension spring, which passes through the pull line hole.
The fire-preventing cavity according to the invention is packaged by a rubber plug, the rubber plug is mounted via a jack bolt, and the pull line hole passes through the rubber plug and the jack bolt.
The oxygen candle according to the invention includes an oxygen candle starting device and an oxygen generator, wherein the oxygen candle starting device is the oxygen candle starting device according to the invention, and the oxygen generator includes an agent loading housing, with a through hole being provided in the top of the agent loading housing, a gas outlet being provided in the bottom of the agent loading housing and a filter being mounted at the gas outlet; the percussion cap of the oxygen candle starting device is in contact with the oxygen candle agent via the through hole, the oxygen generator is connected to the agent loading housing in a sealed manner, and the filter is connected to the gas outlet in a sealed manner.
Further, an oxygen candle agent is loaded in the agent loading housing according to the invention, and a heat-insulating cotton is provided between the inner wall of the agent loading housing and the oxygen candle agent.
In some embodiments, the filter according to the invention includes a filter housing, with an air inlet being provided in the top of the filter housing, a gas outlet being provided in the bottom and a filter layer being provided in the filter housing, and the filter housing is connected to the agent loading housing in a sealed manner.
In some embodiments, the filter housing according to the invention includes an upper cover and a lower housing, wherein an air inlet is provided in the upper cover, and a gas outlet is provided in the bottom of the lower housing.
In further embodiments, a moisture-proof cotton is provided between the upper cover and the filter layer according to the invention, and a moisture-proof cotton is provided between the filter layer and the bottom of the lower housing.
In some embodiments, a carrier plate web is provided between the upper cover and the oxygen generator according to the invention, the carrier plate web is provided with a vent hole, and the carrier plate web is provided with a convex part.
In a preferred embodiment, an oxygen candle agent is loaded in the agent loading housing according to the invention, wherein the oxygen candle agent includes an absorbing inflammable layer, a heating layer and a main candle layer, and the heating layer is provided between the absorbing inflammable layer and the main candle layer.
The main candle layer is made of, in mass percentage, 90%˜96% chlorate, 1.5%˜5% catalyst, 0˜3% fuel, 1.5%˜2.5% bonding agent and 0.5%˜1.5% stabilizing agent; the heating layer is made of, in mass percentage, 70%˜80% chlorate, 5%˜15% catalyst, 5%˜12% fuel and 3.0%˜6.0% bonding agent; the absorbing inflammable layer is made of, in mass percentage, 5%˜15% fuel, 80%˜90% barium chromate, 3%˜5% bonding agent and 0˜1% chlorate; the catalyst is a combination of more than two of cobalt oxide, MnO2 and titanium oxide; the main candle layer has a catalyst dosage that is 4˜5 times of that of the heating layer; the fuel is a mixture of one or more of magnesium powder, titanium powder, cobalt powder and zirconium powder; the chlorate is sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate; the bonding agent is a combination of one or more of kaolin, glass fiber, ceramic fiber and diatomite; and the stabilizing agent is a combination of one or more of potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate and micro silicon powder.
In comparison with the prior art, the invention has the advantages below.
The oxygen candle of the invention employs a drawing-type oxygen candle device, and the mechanical starting structure of the existing oxygen candle is simplified, thereby preventing a false start caused by the falling-off of a steel needle and improving the reliability.
The oxygen candle of the invention employs a percussion cap that is ignited via frictional heating, thus the cost of the oxygen candle oxygen generator may be lowered.
For the oxygen candle of the invention, fire-preventing sand and a rubber plug are provided above the percussion cap, which can play the role of heat damping and prevent heat dissipation and post torching, etc., during the ignition of the oxygen candle.
The oxygen candle of the invention employs a drawing-type structure, and the reliability and safety of the drop and roll experiments on the oxygen candle may be improved by adjusting the number of turns of the tension spring and shortening the ignition time.
A carrier plate web is placed between the oxygen candle main body and the filter layer according to the invention. When oxygen is generated by the oxygen candle, the oxygen flow resistance may be effectively lowered, thereby guaranteeing an oxygen quantity required by emergency rescue.
The invention employs a heat-insulating material, so that heat loss may be reduced, and the housing temperature of the oxygen candle may be greatly lowered.
The oxygen candle agent according to the invention is compounded using a high-efficiency catalyst. The chlorate can be continuously decomposed at a low temperature according to the activation energy temperature of different catalysts. At the same time, the MnO2 in the formulation can improve the oxygen purity. No antichlor exists in the formulation of the oxygen candle, and the cost may be lowered. At the same time, the structure of the oxygen candle consists of three layers, and the starting reliability of the oxygen candle can be improved. The inflammable layer consists of flaking metal powder and a barium salt, so that harmful gases such as nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide can be effectively absorbed, thereby improving the oxygen purity.
The percussion cap of the invention may employ percussion cap with a column structure (for example, a cylinder). For example, in the structure diagram of the percussion cap shown in
The tension spring 151 of the invention passes through the fire-preventing sand. When the percussion cap is ignited, the fire-preventing sand plays the role of heat damping and prevents post torching. Further, the rubber plug blocks the gas from escaping. The material of the rubber plug may be one selected from butyronitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and fluororubber.
The heat-insulating cotton of the invention may employ a silicon dioxide aerogel heat-insulating cotton for reduing heat loss, and the housing temperature of the oxygen candle may be greatly lowered.
The carrier plate web between the oxygen candle agent and the filter layer of the invention lowers the oxygen flow resistance. Stainless steel may be selected as the material of the carrier plate web, mainly for lowering the airflow resistance.
The filter layer of the invention may employ a hybrid-type filter layer, which may consist of a catalyst and an alkali metal peroxide (for example, sodium peroxide). A filter material prepared by a heating and grinding hybrid process can effectively absorb harmful gases such as CO and CO2, etc.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention will be described clearly and fully below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the invention. Apparently, the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, rather than being the whole embodiments. All the other embodiments obtained by one of ordinary skills in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without creative work pertain to the protection scope of the invention.
As shown in
The percussion cap consists of a percussion cap housing 153, a percussion cap agent 152 and a tension spring 151. The percussion cap housing 153 is a cylindrical housing for protecting the percussion cap agent 152, with the upper bottom face being provided with a small hole and the lower bottom face being opened. The percussion cap housing 153 is placed in the percussion cap cavity 154 of the pull line column, and the tension spring 151 passes through the percussion cap agent 152 and the pull line hole 155. The percussion cap cavity 154 is a cylindrical cavity similar to the percussion cap housing 153. The pull line hole 155 is a hole the same as that on the upper bottom face of the percussion cap housing 153, which can be adapted for the smooth pull-out of the tension spring.
For easy operation, in some embodiments, a circular handle 11 is provided at the end part of the tension spring.
In some specific embodiments, the fire-preventing cavity is packaged by a rubber plug 13, and the rubber plug is mounted via a jack bolt 12, wherein the pull line hole passes through the rubber plug and the jack bolt.
For the selection of the parameters, the specific dimensions of the percussion cap may be selected as follows: a copper cylinder having a diameter D=5±0.01 mm, with the upper bottom face being opened and the lower bottom face being provided with a small hole of 0.5±0.01 mm in diameter; the percussion cap agent is loaded on the lower bottom face of the percussion cap housing, and a small hole with the same size as that of the lower bottom face is provided. Optionally, the tension spring has a diameter of 5 mm, the wire diameter d=0.5±0.01 mm, and one end of thereof is connected to a pulling ring, and the other end thereof is wound by 3˜5 turns. The material of the tension spring is one selected from copper wire or iron wire.
As shown in
The oxygen generator is mounted below the oxygen candle starting device, and they are connected in a sealed manner. The filter is mounted below the oxygen generator, and similarly, they are connected in a sealed manner.
The oxygen generator includes an agent loading housing 22, wherein a through hole is provided in the top of the agent loading housing 22, a gas outlet is provided in the bottom of the agent loading housing 22, and a filter is mounted at the gas outlet. The percussion cap of the oxygen candle starting device is in contact with the oxygen candle agent via the through hole. The pull line column of the oxygen candle starting device is connected to the agent loading housing in a sealed manner, and the filter is connected with all the gas outlets in a sealed manner. The bottom of the pull line column may be welded to the agent loading housing to achieve a sealing effect.
In some more specific embodiments, an oxygen candle agent 18 is mounted inside the agent loading housing, and a heat-insulating cotton 20 is provided between the inner wall of the agent loading housing and the oxygen candle agent.
The filter of this embodiment includes a filter housing 23, with an air inlet being provided in the top of the filter housing, a gas outlet 24 being provided in the bottom thereof and a filter layer 21 being mounted in the filter housing, wherein the filter housing and the agent loading housing are connected in a sealed manner.
In use, the tension spring 151 in
In some embodiments, as shown in
The high-concentration oxygen momentarily generated by the oxygen candle passes through the carrier plate web, as shown in
According to an experiment on the embodiment of the invention, the oxygen candle with a drawing-type structure meets the standard of AQ-1057s.
Specific experiment results:
The absorbing inflammable layer has a total weight of 10 g, and the ratio of each component (mass percentage) is as follows: chlorate 0.2%, magnesium powder 10%, barium chromate 85% and kaolin 4.8%.
The heating body layer has a total weight of 52.1 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 73%, cobaltosic oxide 4%, manganese dioxide 6%, iron powder 5%, cobalt powder 7% and kaolin 5%.
The main candle layer has a total weight of 300.05 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 95%, potassium perchlorate 0.5%, cobaltosic oxide 0.7%, manganese dioxide 0.8%, cobalt powder 1.0% and kaolin 2.0%. First of all, the chlorate is dried at 120° C. in an infrared oven for 30-60 min and then agitated and mixed uniformity with other weighed materials by a ball mill and a double worm mixer, a certain amount of NaCrO4 aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5˜2% is added and mixed fully, and an oxygen-generating block with φ=20 mm and H=23 mm is prepared by moulding and demoulding and then dried at 120° C. in an infrared drying oven for 1 h.
Experiment Result: the oxygen candle can be normally started, the catalyst is compounded by Co3O4/MnO2, the oxygen candle combusts stably without flowing, and it is detected that each performance index meets the standard of AQ-1057.
The absorbing inflammable layer has a total weight of 15 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: chlorate 0.5%, magnesium powder 10%, barium chromate 84.5% and kaolin 5%;
The heating body layer has a total weight of 59.12 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 76%, cobaltosic oxide 5%, manganese dioxide 5%, iron powder 3%, cobalt powder 6% and kaolin 5%.
The main candle layer has a total weight of 285 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 95.5%, potassium perchlorate 0.7%, cobaltosic oxide 0.7%, manganese dioxide 0.9%, cobalt powder 0.5% and kaolin 1.7%. First of all, the chlorate is dried at 120° C. in an infrared oven for 30˜60 min and then agitated and mixed uniformity with other weighed materials by a ball mill and a double worm mixer, a certain amount of NaCrO4 aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5˜2% is added and mixed fully, and an oxygen-generating block with φ=20 mm and H=23 mm is prepared by moulding and demoulding and then dried at 120° C. in an infrared drying oven for 1 h.
Experiment Result: the oxygen candle can be normally started, the catalyst is compounded by Co3O4/MnO2, the oxygen candle combusts stably without flowing, and it is detected that each performance index meets the standard of AQ-1057.
The absorbing inflammable layer has a total weight of 10 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: zirconium powder 8%, barium chromate 83% and kaolin 9%;
The heating body layer has a total weight of 48.5 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 77%, cobaltosic oxide 6%, manganese dioxide 5.5%, iron powder 4%, magnesium powder 2.5% and kaolin 5%.
The main candle layer has a total weight of 300.01 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 94.4%, potassium perchlorate 1.0%, cobaltosic oxide 0.9%, manganese dioxide 1.2%, magnesium powder 1.0% and kaolin 1.4%. First of all, the chlorate is dried at 120° C. in an infrared oven for 30˜60 min and then agitated and mixed uniformity with other weighed materials by a ball mill and a double worm mixer, a certain amount of NaCrO4 aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5˜2% is add and mixed fully, and an oxygen-generating block with φ=20 mm and H=23 mm is prepared by moulding and demoulding and then dried at 120° C. in an infrared drying oven for 1 h.
Experiment Result: the oxygen candle can be normally started, the catalyst is compounded by Co3O4/MnO2, the oxygen candle combusts stably without flowing, and it is detected that each performance index meets the standard of AQ-1057.
The ratio of each component in the absorbing inflammable layer is the same as that of Embodiment 3.
The ratio of each component in the heating body layer is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
The main candle layer has a total weight of 295 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 93.5%, potassium perchlorate 1.5%, cobaltosic oxide 1.1%, manganese dioxide 1.3%, magnesium powder 1.1% and kaolin 1.5%. First of all, the chlorate is dried at 120° C. in an infrared oven for 30˜60 min and then agitated and mixed uniformity with other weighed materials by a ball mill and a double worm mixer, a certain amount of NaCrO4 aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5˜2% is add and mixed fully, and an oxygen-generating block with φ=20 mm and H=23 mm is prepared by moulding and demoulding and then dried at 120° C. in an infrared drying oven for 1 h.
Experiment Result: the oxygen candle can be normally started, the catalyst is compounded by Co3O4/MnO2, the oxygen candle combusts stably without flowing, and it is detected that each performance index meets the standard of AQ-1057.
The ratio of each component in the absorbing inflammable layer is the same as that of Embodiment 2.
The ratio of each component in the heating body layer is the same as that of Embodiment 3.
The main candle layer has a total weight of 320 g, with a ratio (mass percentage) of: sodium chlorate 92.6%, potassium perchlorate 1.2%, cobaltosic oxide 1.0%, manganese dioxide 1.5%, cobalt powder 1.5%, magnesium powder 1.0% and kaolin 2.2%. First of all, the chlorate is dried at 120° C. in an infrared oven for 30˜60 min and then agitated and mixed uniformity with other weighed materials by a ball mill and a double worm mixer, a certain amount of NaCrO4 aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5˜2% is add and mixed fully, and an oxygen-generating block with φ=20 mm and H=23 mm is prepared by moulding and demoulding and then dried at 120° C. in an infrared drying oven for 1 h.
Experiment Result: the oxygen candle can be normally started, the catalyst is compounded by Co3O4/MnO2, the oxygen candle combusts stably without flowing, and it is detected that each performance index meets the standard of AQ-1057.
The above formulation examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are prepared in the process below.
First of all, a certain amount of main candle body is added to the lower part of the cavity of a forming mould; next, a heating body layer well mixed is added for prepressing; then, the components of an inflammable layer is added for shaping and demoulding. The oxygen candle as formed is placed into a baking oven at a constant temperature of 120° C. for 30 min, and an intact oxygen-generating device is equipped, then the oxygen-generating device is placed at a constant temperature of −20° C., 25° C. and 60° C. for 2 h respectively to detect whether the oxygen candle can be started successfully.
The oxygen-generating agent in the oxygen candle according to the invention has a decomposition temperature lower than 200° C., and the temperature rise of the housing is less than 130° C. According to the oxygen release and the change of the oxygen candle before and after combustion, the effective oxygen release/weight ratio is 39%-41%.
The above embodiments will not limit the scope of the invention, and any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the principles of the above embodiments without creative work will pertain to the protection scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201711478191.2 | Dec 2017 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2018/111901 | 10/25/2018 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/128428 | 7/4/2019 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200368561 A1 | Nov 2020 | US |
