Claims
- 1. A process for the separation of oxygen from an oxygen containing fluid, comprising contacting said oxygen containing fluid with at least one solid state membrane, wherein said solid state membrane comprisesA) a structure selected from the group consisting of: a) a fluid-impervious, electronically-conductive and ion-conductive, substantially perovskitic material; b) an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive phase and an oxygen ion-conductive phase; and c) combinations thereof; and B) a porous coating selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides and combinations thereof.
- 2. The process of claim 1, wherein said structure is substantially perovskitic material.
- 3. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is selected from the group consisting of cubic perovskites, brownmillerites, Aurivillius phases, and combinations thereof.
- 4. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is a cubic perovskite.
- 5. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material has a composition[Bi2−yAyO2−δ′][(A1−xA′x)n−1BnO3n+1−δ″], whereinA is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Pb, Ca, K, Sb, Te, Na and mixtures thereof; A′ is selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Ta, Mn, Co, V, Cu, and mixtures thereof; x is not greater than about 0.9; y is an integer from 0 to 2; n is an integer from 1 to 7; and δ′ and δ″ are determined by the valence of the metals.
- 6. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is a brownmillerite.
- 7. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is selected from the group consisting of Aurivillius phases.
- 8. The process of claim 2, wherein said porous coating is selected from the group consisting of platinum, silver, palladium, lead, cobalt, nickel, copper, bismuth, samarium, indium, tin, praseodymium, their oxides, and combinations of the same.
- 9. The process of claim 1, wherein said perovskitic material has a composition selected from the group consisting of[A1−xA′x]BO3−δ, [Bi2−yAyO2−δ′][(A1−xA′x)n−1BnO3n+1−δ″], and combination thereof, whereinA is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Pb, Ca, K, Sb, Te, Na and mixtures thereof; A′ is selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Ta, Mn, Co, V, Cu, and mixtures thereof; x is not greater than about 0.9; y is an integer from 0 to 2; n is an integer from 1 to 7; and δ, δ′, and δ″ are determined by the valence of the metals.
- 10. The process of claim 1, wherein said perovskitic material has a composition[A1−xA′x]BO3−δwhereinA is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Pb, Ca, K, Sb, Te, Na and mixtures thereof; A′ is selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Ta, Mn, Co, V, Cu, and mixtures thereof; x is not greater than about 0.9; y is an integer from 0 to 2; and δ is determined by the valence of the metals.
- 11. The process of claim 10, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, and mixtures thereof.
- 12. The process of claim 11, wherein A is Sr.
- 13. The process of claim 10, wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures thereof.
- 14. The process of claim 13, wherein A′ is La.
- 15. The process of claim 10, wherein B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Co, V, and mixtures thereof.
- 16. The solid state membrane of claim 10 wherein A is Sr, A′ is La, and x is less than about 0.25.
- 17. The process of claim 10, wherein x is not greater than about 0.6.
- 18. The process of claim 10, wherein x is not greater than about 0.4.
- 19. The process of claim 1 wherein said electronically-conductive phase comprises silver, gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, bismuth oxide, a praeseodymium-indium oxide mixture, a cerium-lanthanum oxide mixture, a niobium-titanium oxide mixture, or an electron-conductive mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure, or a mixture thereof and the oxygen ion-conductive phase comprises yttria- or calcia-stabilized zirconia, ceria or bismuth oxide, or an oxygen ion-conductive mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure.
- 20. The process of claim 1 wherein said structure comprises an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture comprising from about 1 to about 75 parts by volume of the electronically-conductive phase and from about 25 to about 99 parts by volume of the product ion-conductive phase.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/311,295, filed on Sep. 23, 1994, now abandoned, and of application Ser. No. 08/394,925, filed Feb. 24, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,315. Application Ser. No. 08/394,925 is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/228,793 filed Apr. 15, 1994, now abandoned, which was a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/618,792 filed Nov. 27, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,411. Application Ser. No. 07/618,792 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/457,327 filed on Dec. 27, 1989, now abandoned; Ser. No. 07/457,340 filed on Dec. 27, 1989, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/025,511 filed on Mar. 13, 1987 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,054 on Jun. 12, 1990; Ser. No. 07/457,384 filed on Dec. 27, 1989, now abandoned; and Ser. No. 07/510,296 filed on Apr. 16, 1990, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/357,317 filed on May 25, 1989, now abandoned, which are hereby fully incorporated herein by reference.
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Continuations (1)
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08/228793 |
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Continuation in Parts (8)
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08/394925 |
Feb 1995 |
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08/484114 |
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08/311295 |
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08/394925 |
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07/510296 |
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07/618792 |
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07/457327 |
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07/510296 |
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07/457340 |
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07/457327 |
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07/457384 |
Dec 1989 |
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07/457340 |
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07/357317 |
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07/025511 |
Mar 1987 |
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