Patent Application
20050207596
The present invention relates to transducers for converting sound, vibration and like signals to electrical signals for transmission, reproduction, recording or analysis, such as for microphones, pick-ups, and other audio transducers.
Transducers convert different forms of energy, such as light, sound, heat, pressure and motion to electrical signals. Generally, these devices generate some form of an analog electrical signal. This signal is typically a voltage or current signal that varies in accordance with the sensed physical quantity. Acoustic transducers or microphones are included in a large array of everyday use apparatuses, such as cellular phones, wireless handsets, headsets, portable PCs and other instruments of various kinds.
Generally, the low level electrical signal generated by transducers is either preamplified or applied to an impedance matching transformer to convert the signal to a suitable impedance level and voltage for transmission to digital processing circuitry. The preamplified or transformed electrical signal is generally conveyed through a cable or through internal wiring of the apparatus to an interface of a signal processor, as schematically illustrated in
The increasing success in digital processing of audio signals is prompted by the augmented ability of integrating digital functions by modern VLSI and ULSI fabrication technologies of integrated circuits that has made possible the translation of many analog functions into digital processing. In sound reproduction systems, equalizations based on filtering the input signal, surround effects, reverberations and echoes are all implementable with a significantly enhanced quality through digital processing.
Sub-micrometer manufacturing processes have made available low cost powerful circuits for converting analog signals to digital signals and vice-versa. In this new context of pervasive adoption of digital processing techniques, it has been found advantageous to convey audio signals produced by a microphone to the audio signal processing unit after already having been converted into a digital format.
This has been accomplished by economically fabricating digital microphone devices in a single package (commonly a 4-pin device). The single package includes a conventional transducer, such as a crystal or electrostatic microphone, for example, and an integrated circuit usually including a constant bias generator for a biasing circuit or line in the acoustic transducer. The packaged microphone device also includes a variable gain preamplifier for boosting the analog audio signal produced by the transducer, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for producing a digital output signal to be transmitted to the digital signal processing system of the apparatus. Because of these characteristics, the packaged microphone device is commonly referred to as a digital microphone.
The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) may be a sigma-delta converter or another equivalent converting circuit functioning at a sampling (clock) frequency on the order of hundreds of kilohertz.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,051,799 to Paul et al. discloses a digital microphone that is relatively low cost, lightweight, and is relatively free from noise and distortion. U.S. Pat. No. 5,886,656 is assigned to the current assignee of the present invention and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and discloses a microphone device that addresses the problems that typically occur with an analog transmission.
While the use of digital microphones is becoming the norm in portable apparatuses like cellular phones, portable PCs and the like, they are normally installed within the casing of the portable apparatuses. Their utilization as auxiliary external microphones to be deployed at a distance from the apparatus containing the digital signal processing system may be problematic because of EMI and crosstalk. This is in view of the fact that the relatively long external cable connection of an external digital microphone to the apparatus carries digital signals of relatively high frequency. The digital signals include the sampling clock and the pulse modulated digitally converted audio signal output by the digital microphone device.
In many portable equipments such as mobile phones or PDAs, a headset jack if often available that supports the connection of a second or auxiliary external microphone embedded in the headset to permit handless use for the voice communication equipment.
In the common case of an internal digital microphone device MIC1 (the default one), and because of the above discussed problems and requisites for a cost effective production, the use of an auxiliary analog microphone MIC2 to be connected with a relatively long external cable is often contemplated.
To support such an auxiliary analog microphone, there is the need to include an additional ADC (in the Mixed-Signal chip, for example) to allow its connection within the DSP. The use of an internal digital microphone device (MIC1) renders the implementation of an analog in-line auxiliary input functionality relatively expensive because of the additional ADC and external components that are required.
In view of the foregoing background, the drawback of using embedded digital microphones in electronic apparatuses is overcome based upon an architecture of a digital microphone to be embedded in an apparatus comprising an auxiliary line-in terminal or terminals in the packaged digital microphone device to which a remote analog microphone may be connected.
The use of an external (remote) analog microphone does not require a dedicated additional analog-to-digital converter. Such a line-in function of the packaged digital microphone device in accordance with the present invention may be duplicated for more than one external analog microphone.
More particularly, the packaged digital microphone device contains an analog transducer and the co-packaged integrated circuit includes an input signal multiplexer. The multiplexer handles the analog input signal generated by the acoustic transducer included in the package, and also analog signals generated by one or more auxiliary external microphones connected by a cable to a respective line-in jack or similar connection.
The digital microphone device in accordance with the invention is depicted in
An input multiplexer selects one of the two audio signals and outputs the selected signal to a pre-amplifier stage. The amplified analog audio signal is filtered by an anti-aliasing filter, and is converted to a digital output MICDATA by a sigma-delta converter. The voltage reference is generated by a band-gap voltage generator BG.
This device also comprises a single-ended bias voltage for providing a bias voltage for the line-in microphone, and detection circuitry (not shown) to determine which microphone is being used. Usually the integrated ECM (Electret Condenser Microphone), which is generally set by default, is excluded when a headset is connected. In this case, the external audio signal MIC2 is automatically selected by the multiplexer to be converted by the analog-to-digital converter.
To avoid the need of a power-up bit, the microphone device of the invention has an automatic clock detection circuit (not shown). The automatic clock detection circuit powers up the device as soon as a clock signal is detected.
By comparing the known device of
Moreover, the audio signals generated by the external microphone MIC2 and processed by the A/D converter are analog signals. That is, they are at a relatively low frequency. This ensures reduced EMI effects even if the microphone MIC2 is connected to the device through a relatively long cable.
To further reduce the number of pins, it is possible to integrate by using the so-called IPAD technology, for example, all the discrete components of the analog microphone MIC2 in the same package. This reduces the BOM (Bill of Material) impact on the costs of the packaged device.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04425098.3 | Feb 2004 | EP | regional |
