Patent Application
20070060175
This invention relates to communications system and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for paging in a wireless, e.g., cellular, communication network.
In a typical cellular communication network, a set of geographically dispersed base stations provide wireless access to a communications infrastructure. Users with wireless communication devices, or terminals, are able to establish a direct communication link with a suitable base station and then exchange information with other users and/or end systems throughout the communication network. In general, such systems could support a variety of different applications (e.g., telephony, text messaging, streaming audio/video, web browsing, file transfer, etc.); however, traditional systems have been primarily designed for telephony. The information exchanged over the access link includes user data as well as control signaling to support the access link itself, coordinate transmissions, enable mobility, and provide many other such features.
Typically, users of a cellular communication system are not continuously engaged in active information exchange (e.g., there may be significant periods during which the end user is not participating in a communication session). A location tracking and paging system allows the wireless terminal, during periods of inactivity, to transition into a dormant mode to reduce power consumption and maximize operational lifetime, while still maintaining inbound reachability. While operating in a dormant mode, a wireless terminal may still periodically monitor a special paging channel to enable the establishment of incoming communication sessions. Thus, page signaling is typically used to alert a dormant wireless terminal of an incoming communication session. In general, page signaling may be directed to a specific location area (or paging area) comprising a subset of one or more base stations in geographic proximity to where the wireless terminal transitioned into the dormant mode or last reported its location.
The paging mechanisms of traditional, circuit-switched, cellular networks are designed primarily for voice telephony. However, circuit-switched, cellular network technology is presently being extended to support data applications as well. Additionally, there are emerging packet-switched cellular network technologies, which are better suited for supporting a wide range of applications, including interactive data applications like instant messaging and online gaming. As cellular network technology evolves to support a wider range of diverse applications with differing requirements, new paging mechanisms that enable differentiation in paging services would be desirable. Accordingly, there is a need for methods which can provide functionality such as treating different pages as having different quality of service levels and/or supporting different paging requirements for ages of different types.
In view of the above discussion, it is apparent that there is a need for improved methods and apparatus for paging.
The present invention is directed to improved paging methods and apparatus that allow for differential treatment of pages. This capability can be used to provide different pages with differing levels of quality of service. For example, pages for voice calls may be given higher priority than pages for text messages. Alternatively, customers paying a premium for service may be given resource allocation priority for their pages over customers who do not subscribe to the premium service.
In accordance with the present invention, paging information is processed to determine the requirements for a page which is to be sent. The paging information may be a packet including information to be incorporated into a page. Alternatively the paging information may be a signal, e.g., a control signal, used to trigger a page.
Paging requirements for a page are determined from paging request information. Paging requirements may include, e.g., transmission delay constraints, paging resource requirements, whether or not a page is to be acknowledged, quality of service information, etc. The geographic region into which a page is to be initially transmitted is another example of a paging requirement. A geographic region into which a page is to be retransmitted, e.g., a different region from which the page is to be originally transmitted into, may also be determined as a requirement.
The paging requirement information may be used in a variety of ways depending on how the paging system is implemented. In one embodiment, a network node at the edge of the communications network of the invention, e.g., an access node, is responsible for determining the paging requirements, allocating resources for a page as a function of the determined paging requirements and the transmission of the page in accordance with the determined requirements and allocated paging resources.
In other embodiments, the paging requirement determination function is performed by a different node than the resource allocation and page transmission functions. In such an embodiment, the node determining the paging requirements from the received paging information generates a novel page request message in accordance with the invention and communicates the page request message to the node or element responsible for performing paging resource allocation. The novel page request message of the invention includes, the determined page requirements and, in many cases, information to be transmitted in a page having the indicated requirements. The information to be transmitted is normally a portion of the page information from which the page requirements were determined. The page request message of the present invention is stored in memory, e.g., buffered, in the nodes which generate, transmit, receive and/or process the novel message of the present invention.
After allocation of page transmission resources, e.g., as a function of the determined page requirement information, pages are scheduled and transmitted, e.g., in accordance with each page's individual requirements. The techniques of the present invention allow different pages to be treated differently thereby providing a mechanism where different levels of quality of service QoS for page transmission can be supported. This offers significant advantages over systems where all pages are treated the same in terms of transmission resource allocation and/or other page related requirements such as the region into which a page is transmitted, requirements for page acknowledgments, etc. In various embodiments the page requirements specify an action to be taken by a mobile node in response to receiving a page. While a page acknowledgment is one example, changing into a particular mode of operation, e.g., from one lower power state of operation another low power state of operation instead of full-on state may be specified as a page requirement. In such a case the page requirement is often incorporated into the actual page message which is generated as a function of the determined page requirement information.
The methods and apparatus of the present invention allow pages to be treated on a differential basis according to a page's particular requirements. Different quality of service levels can be maintained for pages with pages assigned a higher QoS level being given resource allocation priority and/or scheduling priority over pages corresponding to lower levels of paging QoS.
Thus, the present invention provides novel paging methods and apparatus as well as new, efficient messages for communicating page requirements alone or in conjunction with information to be transmitted in a page. Numerous additional features, benefits and applications of the methods and apparatus of the present invention are discussed in the detailed description which follows.
The
The exemplary system 100 includes a set of access nodes 134, 136, 138 and an associated paging node 130 that are part of a network 160 that primarily uses different communication technology, e.g., circuit-switched, than that of other nodes, e.g., packet switched, in the unified communication system 100. Each access node 134, 136, 138 of the dissimilar technology network 160 is connected to the paging node 130 by a corresponding network link 135, 137, 139, respectively, while the paging node 130 of the dissimilar technology network 160 is interconnected via a network link 131 to an intermediate node 112 of the unified communication system 100. To emphasize that some embodiments of the present invention operate in a communication system 100 that integrates networks of different communication technologies, while other embodiments do not, the dissimilar technology network 106 and the interconnecting network link 131 are depicted with doted-dashed lines.
Several access nodes 140, 150 in the exemplary communication system 100 are depicted as providing connectivity to a plurality of N end nodes (144, 146), (154, 156), respectively, via corresponding access links (145, 147), (155, 157), respectively. Although not explicitly depicted, the other access nodes 134, 136, 138 in the exemplary communication system 100 include similar functionality for providing connectivity to end nodes. In the exemplary communication system 100, each access node 134, 136, 138, 140, 150 is depicted as using wireless technology, e.g., wireless access links, to provide access. A radio coverage area, e.g., communications cell, 164, 166, 168, 148, 158 of each access node 134, 136, 138, 140, 150, respectively, is illustrated as a circle surrounding the corresponding access node.
The exemplary communication system 100 is subsequently used as a basis for the description of various embodiments of the invention. Alternative embodiments of the invention include various network topologies, where the number and type of network nodes, the number and type of links, and the interconnectivity between nodes may differ from that of the exemplary communication system 100 depicted in
In accordance with the present invention, support for differentiated paging in the exemplary system 100 is enabled by the following functional entities which may be implemented, e.g., in one or more modules.
In various embodiments of the present invention these functional entities may be implemented in separate modules or combined in a single module. Furthermore, in various embodiments, e.g., depending on the paging system designs, these functional entities may be located in different network nodes or co-located in some network nodes. In embodiments where both functional entities are co-located in a given network node, the individual functional entities may be, e.g., selectively enabled/disabled or remain unused in some modes of operation.
In centralized paging system design, both PRD and PRC functions may be centrally located in the core of the network infrastructure. In a partially distributed paging system design, the PRD function may be centrally located in the core of the network, while the PRC function may be located at or near the edge of the network infrastructure, e.g., in radio access network nodes or access nodes. In an even more distributed paging system design both PRD and PRC functions may be located at the edge of the network infrastructure, e.g., in the access nodes. In various embodiments of the present invention, a single PRC functional entity may support a plurality of access nodes/cells/sectors, defined to be within the local scope of the PRC functional entity.
In accordance with the present invention, support for location tracking and paging of end nodes in the exemplary system 100 is further enabled by the following functional entities which may be implemented, e.g., in one or more modules.
In various embodiments of the present invention some of these functional entities may be omitted or combined. The location or placement of these functional entities within in the network and/or within specific network nodes may also be varied in different embodiments.
In general, the MA, TA, and APA are closely related and collectively maintain state information on dormant end nodes to enable location tracking and paging. Thus, these three functions may often be collocated within the same node or in nodes that are topologically in close proximity to one another. The present invention supports both centralized paging system designs and more distributed design in which these functions are located at or neat the edge of the network infrastructure, e.g., in the access nodes. The LPA essentially serves to coordinate signaling between other functional entities, e.g., the end node in its present location (e.g., its current location/paging area, access node, cell, and/or sector), and the MA/TA/APA that is supporting the dormant end node (which may be located elsewhere in the network). Thus, the LPA function is typically more distributed and located at or near the edge of the network infrastructure, e.g., in the access nodes. In various embodiments of the present invention, a single LPA may support a plurality of access nodes/cells/sectors, defined to be within the local scope of the LPA.
The following describes various exemplary embodiments of the present invention that support various paging system designs.
The network/internetwork interface 320 provides a mechanism by which the internal components of the access node 300 can send and receive signals to/from external devices and network nodes. The network/internetwork interface 320 includes, a receiver circuit 322 and a transmitter circuit 324 used for coupling the access node 300 to other network nodes, e.g., via copper wires or fiber optic lines. The wireless communication interface 330 also provides a mechanism by which the internal components of the access node 300 can send and receive signals to/from external devices and network nodes, e.g., end nodes. The wireless communication interface 330 includes, e.g., a receiver circuit 332 with a corresponding receiving antenna 336 and a transmitter circuit 334 with a corresponding transmitting antenna 338 used for coupling the access node 300 to other network nodes, e.g., via wireless communication channels.
The processor 304 under control of various modules, e.g., routines, included in memory 310 controls operation of the access node 300 to perform various signaling and processing, as discussed below. The modules included in memory 310 are executed on startup or as called by other modules. Modules may exchange data, information, and signals when executed. Modules may also share data and information when executed. In the
The PRD module 340 controls the operation of the access node 300 to support PRD functionality. The PRD module 340 analyzes received paging information, e.g., a received data message or control signal that indicates a particular dormant end node should be paged, and determines the requirements of a corresponding page, e.g., paging operation and/or signaling. The requirements determination step is a function of at least one of a quality of service indicator, a type indicator, a source indicator and a destination indicator included in the paging information. In some embodiments, one or more of these indicators is explicitly included in the received paging information, e.g., a value of a field in either the header or payload of a received message. Additionally, one or more of these indicators may be implicitly inferred from the received paging information. The PRD data 341 located in the access node 300 includes, e.g., match criteria information, corresponding paging requirements, parameters, and operational state related to providing the PRD functionality. In some embodiments, one or more indicators included in the received paging information are compared with match criteria included in the PRD data 341 to determine the corresponding paging requirements. The determined requirement may subsequently be used by a PRC functional entity to control paging.
In some embodiments, the PRD module 340 communicates the determined requirement, e.g., sends a paging request signal or paging request message indicating the determined requirement, to a PRC functional entity, e.g., a PRC module co-located in the same access node 300 or located in a different network node. In some embodiments that communicate the determined requirements in, e.g., a paging request message, the determined requirements are conveyed as values in one or more fields in, e.g., the message header or payload. In some embodiments conveyed information includes a portion of the received paging information intended for delivery to the dormant end node. Specific requirements may be conveyed in individual fields or multiple requirements may be collectively encoded into a common field. Some embodiments of the invention may use alternative means of conveying the determined requirements information, e.g., via shared memory when PRD module and PRC module are co-located in the same access node.
The PRC module 350 controls the operation of the access node 300 to support PRC functionality. The PRC module 350 controls one or more paging resources, performs paging operations (e.g., allocates paging resources), and/or sends page signaling in accordance with the requirements of a page, as determined by a PRD functional entity. The PRC module 350 receives an indication of paging requirements as determined by a PRD functional entity, e.g., a PRD module co-located in the same access node 300 or located in a different network node. The PRC module 350 interprets the determined requirements conveyed from the PRD functional entity and uses the determined requirements to control paging operations and or signaling. The PRC data 351 located in the access node 300 includes, e.g., paging request message parsing information, parameters, and operational state related to providing the PRC functionality. In some embodiments, the PRC module 350 allocates one or more paging resources, e.g., a page transmission resource, based on the determined requirements. In various embodiments the PRC module 350 sends page signaling, e.g., transmits a page, in response to receiving a page request signal, e.g., message from a PRD functional entity. The PRC module 350 may direct page signaling to one or more other network nodes in accordance with the paging system design.
The
The MA module 312 controls the operation of the access node 300 to support MA functionality for one or more dormant end nodes. The MA module 312 intercepts, and optionally stores, incoming signals, e.g., messages, destined for associated dormant end nodes and determines if a paging procedure should be initiated for the corresponding end node. In some embodiments, the MA additionally, or alternatively, receives control signals indicating that a particular dormant end node should be paged. The MA module 312 controls the interception and processing of received signals from other network nodes destined for associated dormant end nodes, the classification and filtering of said intercepted incoming signals to determine whether a page procedure for the corresponding end node should be initiated, and the sending of subsequent signals, as required to trigger the APA module 316 to commence a page procedure. The MA data 313 includes, e.g., end node identifiers, parameters, filtering information, and/or other information relating to providing MA functionality as described herein. The MA module 312 may access and/or modify the MA data 313.
The Tracking Agent module 314 controls the operation of the access node 300 to support TA functionality for one or more dormant end nodes. The TA module 314 maintains location information, e.g., location/paging area, access node, cell and/or sector, for associated dormant end nodes and provides said information to other entities. While an end node is dormant, it may send location update request signals to its corresponding TA module. The frequency of location update request signals and accuracy of location information maintained by the TA is implementation dependent. The TA module 314 controls the processing of received location update request signals and updating of the corresponding end node location information, the processing of received signals from other entities, e.g., other network nodes or other modules such as APA modules 316, requesting location information, e.g., current location/paging area, access node, cell and/or sector, associated with a particular dormant end node, and the sending of subsequent signals in response to requests from other entities, as required to provide acknowledgment or the requested information. The TA data 315 includes, e.g., end node location information and other information relating to providing TA functionality. The TA module 314 may access and/or modify the TA data 315.
The APA module 316 controls the operation of the access node 300 to support APA functionality for dormant end nodes. In some embodiments, the APA module 316 provides the logic and control associated with paging a dormant end node. The APA module controls the processing of received trigger signals from other entities, e.g., other network nodes or other modules such as the MA module 312, indicating that a page procedure should be initiated for a particular dormant end node, the exchange of signaling with the TA module 314 as needed to determine location of the dormant end node, the sending of subsequent page request signals to other entities, e.g., other network nodes or other modules such as the LPA module 318, and the processing of any corresponding response signals. The APA data 317 includes, information regarding the page procedure itself for each dormant end node or class of end nodes, e.g. frequency of page request signals sent to other nodes, time-out values for the period to wait for responses, operations to undertake in case time-outs are reached, etc. The APA module 316 may access and/or modify the APA data 317.
The LPA module 318 controls the operation of the access node 300 to support LPA functionality for dormant end nodes. The LPA module 318 supports coordination of page signaling and location tracking signaling within its local scope, e.g., a set of associated access node(s)/cell(s)/sector(s). The LPA module 318 controls the processing of received page request signals for a particular dormant end node, e.g., from an APA module 316 located in the same access node or some other network node, the sending page signals for a particular dormant end node, e.g., over the wireless communication interface 330, the receiving of any page response signals, and sending or relaying of page response signals to the entity, e.g., an APA module, that initiated the page procedure. In some embodiments, the LPA module 318 also controls the processing of received location update signals associated with dormant end nodes within its local scope, the sending or relaying of location update signals to the entity, e.g., a TA module, providing TA functionality for the particular dormant end node, the receiving of location update response signals from the entity providing TA functionality, and the sending or relaying of location update response signals. The LPA data 319 includes, e.g., end-node related data regarding the operation of a page procedure, such as frequency of page signals, channels to be used, time-out periods, etc. The LPA module 318 may access and/or modify the LPA data 319.
The network/internetwork interface 420 provides a mechanism by which the internal components of the paging node 400 can send and receive signals to/from external devices and network nodes. The network/internetwork interface 420 includes a receiver circuit 422 and a transmitter circuit 424 used for coupling the paging node 400 to other network nodes, e.g., via copper wires or fiber optic lines.
The processor 404 under control of various modules, e.g., routines, included in memory 410 controls operation of the paging node 400 to perform various signaling and processing, as discussed below. The modules included in memory 410 are executed on startup or as called by other modules. Modules may exchange data, information, and signals when executed. Modules may also share data and information when executed. In the
The PRD module 440 controls the operation of the paging node 400 to support PRD functionality. The PRD module 440 analyzes received paging information, e.g., a received data message or control signal that indicates a particular dormant end node should be paged, and determines the requirements of a corresponding page, e.g., paging operation and/or signaling. The requirements determination step is a function of at least one a quality of service indicator, a type indicator, a source indicator and a destination indicator included in the paging information. In some embodiments, one or more of these indicators is explicitly included in the received paging information, e.g., a value of a field in either the header or payload of a received message. Additionally, one or more of these indicators may be implicitly inferred from the received paging information. The PRD data 441 located in the paging node 400 includes, e.g., match criteria information, corresponding paging requirements, parameters, and operational state related to providing the PRD functionality. In some embodiments, one or more indicators included in the received paging information are compared with match criteria included in the PRD data 441 to determine the corresponding paging requirements. The determined requirement may subsequently be used by a PRC functional entity to control paging.
In some embodiments, the PRD module 440 communicates the determined requirement, e.g., sends a paging request signal or paging request message indicating the determined requirement, to a PRC functional entity, e.g., a PRC module co-located in the same paging node 400 or located in a different network node. In some embodiments that communicate the determined requirements in, e.g., a paging request message, the determined requirements are conveyed as values in one or more fields in, e.g., the message header or payload. In some embodiments conveyed information includes a portion of the received paging information intended for delivery to the dormant end node. Specific requirements may be conveyed in individual fields or multiple requirements may be collectively encoded into a common field. Some embodiments of the invention may use alternative means of conveying the determined requirements information, e.g., via shared memory when PRD module and PRC module are co-located in the same paging node.
The PRC module 450 controls the operation of the paging node 400 to support PRC functionality. The PRC module 450 controls one or more paging resources, performs paging operations (e.g., allocates paging resources), and/or sends page signaling in accordance with the requirements of a page, as determined by a PRD functional entity. The PRC module 450 receives an indication of paging requirements as determined by a PRD functional entity, e.g., a PRD module co-located in the same paging node 400 or located in a different network node. The PRC module 450 interprets the determined requirements conveyed from the PRD functional entity and uses the determined requirements to control paging operations and/or signaling. The PRC data 451 located in the paging node 400 includes, e.g., paging request message parsing information, parameters, and operational state related to providing the PRC functionality. In some embodiments, the PRC module 450 allocates one or more paging resources, e.g., a page transmission resource, based on the determined requirements. In various embodiments the PRC module 450 sends page signaling, e.g., transmits a page, in response to receiving a page request signal, e.g., message from a PRD functional entity. The PRC module 450 may direct page signaling to one or more other network nodes in accordance with the paging system design.
The
The MA module 412 controls the operation of the paging node 400 to support MA functionality for one or more dormant end nodes. The MA module 412 intercepts, and optionally stores, incoming signals, e.g., messages, destined for associated dormant end nodes and determines if a paging procedure should be initiated for the corresponding end node. In some embodiments, the MA additionally, or alternatively, receives control signals indicating that a particular dormant end node should be paged. The MA module 412 controls the interception and processing of received signals from other network nodes destined for associated dormant end nodes, the classification and filtering of said intercepted incoming signals to determine whether a page procedure for the corresponding end node should be initiated, and the sending of subsequent signals, as required to trigger the APA module 416 to commence a page procedure. The MA data 413 includes, e.g., end node identifiers, parameters, filtering information, and/or other information relating to providing MA functionality as described herein. The MA module 412 may access and/or modify the MA data 413.
The Tracking Agent module 414 controls the operation of the paging node 400 to support TA functionality for one or more dormant end nodes. The TA module 414 maintains location information, e.g., location/paging area, access node, cell and/or sector, for associated dormant end nodes and provides said information to other entities. While an end node is dormant, it may send location update request signals to its corresponding TA module. The frequency of location update request signals and accuracy of location information maintained by the TA is implementation dependent. The TA module 414 controls the processing of received location update request signals and updating of the corresponding end node location information, the processing of received signals from other entities, e.g., other network nodes or other modules such as APA modules 416, requesting location information, e.g., current location/paging area, access node, cell and/or sector, associated with a particular dormant end node, and the sending of subsequent signals in response to requests from other entities, as required to provide acknowledgment or the requested information. The TA data 415 includes, e.g., end node location information and other information relating to providing TA functionality. The TA module 414 may access and/or modify the TA data 415.
The APA module 416 controls the operation of the paging node 400 to support APA functionality for dormant end nodes. In some embodiments, the APA module 416 provides the logic and control associated with paging a dormant end node. The APA module controls the processing of received trigger signals from other entities, e.g., other network nodes or other modules such as the MA module 412, indicating that a page procedure should be initiated for a particular dormant end node, the exchange of signaling with the TA module 414 as needed to determine location of the dormant end node, the sending of subsequent page request signals to other entities, e.g., other network nodes or other modules such as the LPA module 418, and the processing of any corresponding response signals. The APA data 417 includes, information regarding the page procedure itself for each dormant end node or class of end nodes, e.g. frequency of page request signals sent to other nodes, time-out values for the period to wait for responses, operations to undertake in case time-outs are reached, etc. The APA module 416 may access and/or modify the APA data 417.
The LPA module 418 controls the operation of the paging node 400 to support LPA functionality for dormant end nodes. The LPA module 418 supports coordination of page signaling and location tracking signaling within its local scope, e.g., a set of associated access node(s)/cell(s)/sector(s). The LPA module 418 controls the processing of received page request signals for a particular dormant end node, e.g., from an APA module 416 located in the same paging node or some other network node, the sending of page signals for a particular dormant end node, the receiving of any page response signals, and sending or relaying of page response signals to the entity, e.g., an APA module, that initiated the page procedure. In some embodiments, the LPA module 418 also controls the processing of received location update signals associated with dormant end nodes within its local scope, the sending or relaying of location update signals to the entity, e.g., a TA module, providing TA functionality for the particular dormant end node, the receiving of location update response signals from the entity providing TA functionality, and the sending or relaying of location update response signals. The LPA data 419 includes, e.g., end-node related data regarding the operation of a page procedure, such as frequency of page signals, channels to be used, time-out periods, etc. The LPA module 418 may access and/or modify the LPA data 419.
In the
Upon determination that the received paging information 502 warrants paging a dormant end node, the MA module 312 sends a page trigger signal 504 to the APA module 316, indicating that a particular dormant end node should be paged. Upon receiving and processing the page trigger signal 504, the APA module 316 sends a location request signal 506 to the TA module 314. The TA module 314 access its corresponding TA data 315 to determine the location information associated with the dormant end node and returns the information, e.g., location/paging area, access node, cell, sector and/or corresponding LPA, to the APA module 316 in a location response signal 508. The location information associated with the dormant end node may, and in some embodiments does, indicate a plurality of location/paging areas, access nodes, cells, sectors and/or LPAs, where the dormant end node may be located. When the location information comprises multiple such entities, a variety of paging strategies, e.g., blanket, expanding ring, or sequential, may be used to search for the dormant end node.
Upon receiving the location information associated with the dormant end node, e.g., via the location response signal 508, the APA module 316 determines the set of one or more access nodes or LPA modules to which page request signaling should be sent. In the
The LPA module 318 receives and processes the page request signal 510. The PRC module 350 interprets the determined requirements conveyed from the PRD module 340 and uses the determined requirements to control paging operations and or subsequent page signaling. In some embodiments, the PRC module 350 allocates one or more paging resources, e.g., a page transmission resource, based on the determined requirements corresponding to the received page request signal 510. Note that in some embodiments, the PRC module 350 receives page request signals from one or more PRD modules, e.g., from one or more access nodes and/or paging nodes, and in some cases may have multiple page request pending simultaneously. In such embodiments, the PRC module 350 allocates paging resources, e.g., transmits pages, as a function of the determined requirements corresponding to the pending requests. Thus, a pending page request with a time constraint requirement, e.g., indicating paging latency should be minimized or an upper bound on paging delay, may be serviced prior to other pending requests that were received earlier. Additionally, in some embodiments, a plurality of paging requests signals are associated as a group, e.g., a group with a common quality of service indicator, and one or more paging resources is allocated to the group, e.g., a minimum fraction of paging channel capacity or paging transmission opportunities is allocated for page requests associated with the group. In the
In the
Upon determination that the received paging information 602 warrants paging a dormant end node, the MA module 312 sends a page trigger signal 604 to the APA module 316, indicating that a particular dormant end node should be paged. Upon receiving and processing the page trigger signal 604, the APA module 316 sends a location request signal 606 to the TA module 314. The TA module 314 access its corresponding TA data 315 to determine the location information associated with the dormant end node and returns the information, e.g., location/paging area, access node, cell, sector and/or corresponding LPA, to the APA module 316 in a location response signal 608. The location information associated with the dormant end node may, and in some embodiments does, indicate a plurality of location/paging areas, access nodes, cells, sectors and/or LPAs, where the dormant end node may be located. When the location information comprises multiple such entities, a variety of paging strategies, e.g., blanket, expanding ring, or sequential, may be used to search for the dormant end node.
Upon receiving the location information associated with the dormant end node, e.g., via the location response signal 608, the APA module 316 determines the set of one or more access nodes or LPA modules to which page request signaling should be sent. In the
The LPA module 318′ receives and processes the page request signal 610. The PRC module 350′ in the second access node 300′ interprets the determined requirements indicated in the page request signal 610 received from the PRD module 340 in the first access node 300 and uses the determined requirements to control paging operations and or subsequent page signaling. In some embodiments, the PRC module 350′ allocates one or more paging resources, e.g., a page transmission resource, based on the determined requirements corresponding to the received page request signal 610. Note that in some embodiments, the PRC module 350′ receives page request signals from one or more PRD modules, e.g., from one or more access nodes and/or paging nodes, and in some cases may have multiple page request pending simultaneously. In such embodiments, the PRC module 350′ allocates paging resources, e.g., transmits pages, as a function of the determined requirements corresponding to the pending requests. Thus, a pending page request with a time constraint requirement, e.g., indicating paging latency should be minimized or an upper bound on paging delay, may be serviced prior to other pending requests that were received earlier. Additionally, in some embodiments, a plurality of paging requests signals are associated as a group, e.g., a group with a common quality of service indicator, and one or more paging resources is allocated to the group, e.g., a minimum fraction of paging channel capacity or paging transmission opportunities is allocated for page requests associated with the group. In the
In the
Upon determination that the received paging information 702 warrants paging a dormant end node, the MA module 412 sends a page trigger signal 704 to the APA module 416, indicating that a particular dormant end node should be paged. Upon receiving and processing the page trigger signal 704, the APA module 416 sends a location request signal 706 to the TA module 414. The TA module 414 access its corresponding TA data 415 to determine the location information associated with the dormant end node and returns the information, e.g., location/paging area, access node, cell, sector and/or corresponding LPA, to the APA module 416 in a location response signal 708. The location information associated with the dormant end node may, and in some embodiments does, indicate a plurality of location/paging areas, access nodes, cells, sectors and/or LPAs, where the dormant end node may be located. When the location information comprises multiple such entities, a variety of paging strategies, eg., blanket, expanding ring, or sequential, may be used to search for the dormant end node.
Upon receiving the location information associated with the dormant end node, e.g., via the location response signal 708, the APA module 416 determines the set of one or more access nodes or LPA modules to which page request signaling should be sent. In the
The LPA module 318″ receives and processes the page request signal 710. The PRC module 350″ in the access node 300″ interprets the determined requirements indicated in the page request signal 710 received from the PRD module 440 in the paging node 400 and uses the determined requirements to control paging operations and or subsequent page signaling. In some embodiments, the PRC module 350″ allocates one or more paging resources, e.g., a page transmission resource, based on the determined requirements corresponding to the received page request signal 710. Note that in some embodiments, the PRC module 350″ receives page request signals from one or more PRD modules, e.g., from one or more access nodes and/or paging nodes, and in some cases may have multiple page request pending simultaneously. In such embodiments, the PRC module 350″ allocates paging resources, e.g., transmits pages, as a function of the determined requirements corresponding to the pending requests. Thus, a pending page request with a time constraint requirement, e.g., indicating paging latency should be minimized or an upper bound on paging delay, may be serviced prior to other pending requests that were received earlier. Additionally, in some embodiments, a plurality of paging requests signals are associated as a group, e.g., a group with a common quality of service indicator, and one or more paging resources is allocated to the group, e.g., a minimum fraction of paging channel capacity or paging transmission opportunities is allocated for page requests associated with the group. In the
In the
Upon determination that the received paging information 802 warrants paging a dormant end node, the MA module 412 sends a page trigger signal 804 to the APA module 416, indicating that a particular dormant end node should be paged. Upon receiving and processing the page trigger signal 804, the APA module 416 sends a location request signal 806 to the TA module 414. The TA module 414 access its corresponding TA data 415 to determine the location information associated with the dormant end node and returns the information, e.g., location/paging area, access node, cell, sector and/or corresponding LPA, to the APA module 416 in a location response signal 808. The location information associated with the dormant end node may, and in some embodiments does, indicate a plurality of location/paging areas, access nodes, cells, sectors and/or LPAs, where the dormant end node may be located. When the location information comprises multiple such entities, a variety of paging strategies, e.g., blanket, expanding ring, or sequential, may be used to search for the dormant end node.
Upon receiving the location information associated with the dormant end node, e.g., via the location response signal 808, the APA module 416 determines the set of one or more access nodes or LPA modules to which page request signaling should be sent. In the
The LPA module 418′ receives and processes the page request signal 810. The PRC module 450′ in the second paging node 400′ interprets the determined requirements indicated in the page request signal 810 received from the PRD module 440 in the first paging node 400 and uses the determined requirements to control paging operations and or subsequent page signaling. In some embodiments, the PRC module 450′ allocates one or more paging resources, e.g., a page transmission resource, based on the determined requirements corresponding to the received page request signal 810. Note that in some embodiments, the PRC module 450′ receives page request signals from one or more PRD modules, e.g., from one or more access nodes and/or paging nodes, and in some cases may have multiple page request pending simultaneously. In such embodiments, the PRC module 450′ allocates paging resources, e.g., transmits pages, as a function of the determined requirements corresponding to the pending requests. Thus, a pending page request with a time constraint requirement, e.g., indicating paging latency should be minimized or an upper bound on paging delay, may be serviced prior to other pending requests that were received earlier. Additionally, in some embodiments, a plurality of paging requests signals are associated as a group, e.g., a group with a common quality of service indicator, and one or more paging resources is allocated to the group, e.g., a minimum fraction of paging channel capacity or paging transmission opportunities is allocated for page requests associated with the group.
In the
In the
Upon determination that the received paging information 902 warrants paging a dormant end node, the MA module 412″ sends a page trigger signal 904 to the APA module 416″, indicating that a particular dormant end node should be paged. Upon receiving and processing the page trigger signal 904, the APA module 416″ sends a location request signal 906 to the TA module 414″. The TA module 414″ access its corresponding TA data 415″ to determine the location information associated with the dormant end node and returns the information, e.g., location/paging area, access node, cell, sector and/or corresponding LPA, to the APA module 416″ in a location response signal 908. The location information associated with the dormant end node may, and in some embodiments does, indicate a plurality of location/paging areas, access nodes, cells, sectors and/or LPAs, where the dormant end node may be located. When the location information comprises multiple such entities, a variety of paging strategies, e.g., blanket, expanding ring, or sequential, may be used to search for the dormant end node.
Upon receiving the location information associated with the dormant end node, e.g., via the location response signal 908, the APA module 416″ determines the set of one or more access nodes or LPA modules to which page request signaling should be sent. In the
The LPA module 418″ receives and processes the page request signal 910. The PRC module 450″ interprets the determined requirements conveyed from the PRD module 440″ and uses the determined requirements to control paging operations and or subsequent page signaling. In some embodiments, the PRC module 450″ allocates one or more paging resources, e.g., a page transmission resource, based on the determined requirements corresponding to the received page request signal 910. Note that in some embodiments, the PRC module 450″ receives page request signals from one or more PRD modules, e.g., from one or more access nodes and/or paging nodes, and in some cases may have multiple page request pending simultaneously. In such embodiments, the PRC module 450″ allocates paging resources, e.g., transmits pages, as a function of the determined requirements corresponding to the pending requests. Thus, a pending page request with a time constraint requirement, e.g., indicating paging latency should be minimized or an upper bound on paging delay, may be serviced prior to other pending requests that were received earlier. Additionally, in some embodiments, a plurality of paging requests signals are associated as a group, e.g., a group with a common quality of service indicator, and one or more paging resources is allocated to the group, e.g., a minimum fraction of paging channel capacity or paging transmission opportunities is allocated for page requests associated with the group.
In the
The
In step 1012, which marks the start of the first processing path corresponding to an embodiment where the first node is, e.g., an access node, the first node is operated to allocate a paging transmission resource for transmitting a page as a function of the determined paging requirement. If the paging requirement involved a transmission delay, e.g., maximum latency, the access node takes this into consideration when scheduling the first page. Assuming that the paging requirement is a transmission power level or frequency which is to be used to transmit the page, the access node allocates the required power and/or frequency for transmitting the page corresponding to the paging information 1006. Next, in step 1014, the first node generates a page corresponding to the paging information. This step includes, in some embodiments, incorporating at least a portion of the paging information 1006 into the page and, in some cases, information indicating a state of device operation in which a device to which the page is directed is to operate after receiving the page. The information on device state of operation may indicate that a mobile should operate in one of a plurality of states, e.g., a hold state, instead of a full on or, sleep state. In some cases a hold state is a low power state in which the mobile is able to receive data but not transmit data.
Operation proceeds from step 1014 to step 1016 wherein the generated page is transmitted. Assuming no repeat transmissions or acknowledgement signaling, operation regarding processing of the received paging information 1006 is complete and processing relating to the particular set of paging information 1006 stops in step 1018.
The second processing path corresponds to the case where the first node, e.g., a core node, is responsible for allocating paging resources in accordance with the determined requirements but another node, e.g., a second node which may be an access node is responsible for transmitting the page. In step 1019 the first node is operated to allocate a paging transmission resource for transmitting a page as a function of the determined paging requirement. Then in step 1020, the first node is operated to generate a paging signal indicating allocation of a paging transmission resource for use in transmitting a page corresponding to said received paging information 1006. The allocation of a paging resource is performed in accordance with the page requirements determined in step 1010. The generated paging signal is communicated in step 1022 to a second node, e.g., access node which in step 1024 transmits a page corresponding toe the paging information 1006 using the allocated paging resource(s) specified in the paging signal. Assuming no repeat transmissions or acknowledgement signaling, operation regarding processing of the received paging information 1006 and the transmission of a page is complete and processing relating to the particular set of paging information 1006 stops in step 1018.
The third processing path begins with step 1028. Processing proceeds from step 1010 to step 1028 via flow chart connecting element 1026. This processing path corresponds to a case where a novel paging request message which conveys paging requirement information in accordance with the invention is used. In step 1028, the first node generates a paging request message in accordance with the invention taking into consideration the determined paging requirements. In some embodiments the paging request message includes one or more determined paging requirements in addition to a message source and destination identifier. The paging message may include a page destination identifier identifying a mobile node to which a page is to be sent. In some embodiments the paging request message includes a portion of the paging information 1006, e.g., information which is intended to by used as the payload of a page. As discussed previously the paging requirement information included in the message may be one or more of a wide range of page requirements. In various embodiments the determined paging requirement information in the paging request message indicates 1) that a portion of the received paging information be included in the body of a page; 2) that a page be acknowledged; and/or 3) a quality of service. The quality of service requirement may indicate, e.g., a paging transmission time constraint, one of a plurality of different quality of service levels, that a page is to be transmitted multiple times, the geographic region (e.g., cell or group of cells) into which the page is to be initially transmitted and/or that retransmission of a page is to occur at least once in the absence of receiving an acknowledgement indicating that the page was received. From step 1028 operation proceeds to step 1030 where the generated paging request message is transmitted to a second node, e.g., an access node which transmits pages.
In step 1032, the second node which receives the paging request message determines if the paging request message included paging resource allocation information, e.g., information used to control allocation of paging resources to one or a group of pages. If resource allocation information is included in the paging request message operation proceeds from step 1032 to step 1034.
In step 1034, the second node allocates paging resources in accordance with the resource allocation information (e.g., instruction) included in the received paging request message. For example, a fraction of a particular paging resource, e.g., number of page transmission time slots, may be allocated by the second node to pages having a particular quality of service level as per allocation information included in the paging request message. Once paging resources are allocated in accordance with the content of the received paging request message, operation proceeds from step 1034 to step 1038 via connecting element 1036. Operation proceeds directly to step 1038 from step 1032 in those cases where the paging request message does not include paging resource allocation information.
In step 1038 the second node is operated to generate an initial page in accordance with the paging request message. Then, in step 1040 the page is transmitted. Next, in step 1042 a determination is made as to whether or not the paging request message included a retransmission requirement, e.g., in the event an acknowledgement of the page is not received. If no retransmission requirement exists, processing regarding the received paging information 1006 stops in step 1048. However, if a retransmission requirement exists, operation proceeds from step 1042 to step 1044. In step 1044 a determination is made as to whether or not an acknowledgement was received. If no acknowledgment was received the page is retransmitted, in step 1046. Retransmission may be into a geographic area larger than the area into which the initial page was transmitted. This retransmission area, like the initial paging area, may be, and sometimes is, specified in the paging request message as one of the various paging requirements included in the message.
Operation proceeds from retransmission step 1046 or from acknowledgement step 1044 in the case of a received acknowledgement, to step 1048 where processing regarding receive paging information 1006 stops. While processing of a particular set of paging information 1006 stops in step 1048 it is to be understood that the first node will continue to receive and process additional set of paging information 1006 over time.
In some embodiments of the present invention, communications between nodes is based all, or in part, on the Internet Protocol (IP). Thus, communication of both data and/or control signaling between the network nodes may use IP packets, e.g., datagrams. In embodiments of the present invention that utilize IP packets, said IP packets may be delivered to the intended destination nodes using either unicast or multicast addressing and delivery mechanisms. The use of IP multicast is particular useful when the same information is sent from one node to a plurality of other nodes. In some embodiments of the present invention, IP multicast is used for delivery of page request signals sent from an APA or PRD functional entity that target a plurality of nodes, e.g., a set of access nodes, LPAs or PRC functional entities. In cases where the same information, e.g., packet payload data, is sent to a plurality of targeted nodes using unicast delivery, a separate IP packet with a copy of the information is sent by the source node to each targeted node. Alternatively, when the same information is sent to a plurality of targeted nodes using multicast delivery, a single IP packet with the information is sent by the source node and network nodes replicate the packet as required for delivery to each targeted node. Thus, IP multicast provides a more efficient method of delivering information from a source node to a group of destination nodes.
Various features of the present invention are implemented using modules. Such modules may be implemented using software, hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Many of the above described methods or method steps can be implemented using machine executable instructions, such as software, included in a machine readable medium such as a memory device, e.g., RAM, floppy disk, etc. to control a machine, e.g., general purpose computer with or without additional hardware, to implement all or portions of the above described methods. Accordingly, among other things, the present invention is directed to a machine-readable medium including machine executable instructions for causing a machine, e.g., processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more of the steps of the above-described method(s).
Numerous additional variations on the methods and apparatus of the present invention described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the above description of the invention. Such variations are to be considered within the scope of the invention. The methods and apparatus of the present invention may be, and in various embodiments are, used with code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), or various other types of communications techniques which may be used to provide wireless communications links between access nodes and mobile nodes. In some embodiments the access nodes are implemented as base stations which establish communications links with mobile nodes using OFDM and/or CDMA. In various embodiments the mobile nodes are implemented as notebook computers, personal data assistants (PDAs), or other portable devices including receiver/transmitter circuits and logic and/or routines, for implementing the methods of the present invention.
The present application is a divisional of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/774,561 filed Feb. 9, 2004 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/446,327, filed Feb. 10, 2003 titled “METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR LOCATION TRACKING AND PAGING OF MOBILE DEVICES IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS” and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/640,961, filed Aug. 13, 2003, all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60446327 | Feb 2003 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10774561 | Feb 2004 | US |
| Child | 11599739 | Nov 2006 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10640961 | Aug 2003 | US |
| Child | 11599739 | Nov 2006 | US |
