Patent Grant
9643822
The invention relates to a step for an escalator or a plate for a moving walkway, which step or plate comprises a support body and a tread element.
Conveying devices, such as escalators and moving walkways, for persons are in general known and efficient items of equipment for transportation of persons. Escalators are typically used for the transport of person in vertical direction, for example from one storey of a building to another storey, whereas moving walkways are mostly used for the transport of persons in horizontal direction or at a slight inclination up to 12 degrees from one point to another point. The length and width of the conveying device for persons are selected in dependence on the anticipated passenger traffic for the respective application.
Escalator steps and plates are conceived as single-part or multi-part components and are usually produced by a casting, extruding or forging method. The upper side of the tread elements of steps and plates has a tread pattern in the form of a row of parallel ribs or webs extending from the front side to the rear side of the tread element. The ribs thus extend in the intended direction of movement of the step or plate. In the case of escalator steps, the riser elements thereof also have ribs which usually connect with the ribs of the tread elements. Moreover, the ribs are dimensioned for engagement in comb structures at the threshold regions of the escalator or moving walkway.
Several steps are connected by way of at least one traction means to form a step belt of an escalator. In the same way, several plates are joined together to form a plate belt. A moving walkway or an escalator usually comprises a support structure with two deflecting regions, between which the plate belt or step belt is guided to circulate.
If the plates or steps are produced from cast or diecast aluminium or another suitable metal or metal alloy in one piece an extensive set of moulds has to be available, since every width of the plate belt or step belt requires an individual mould tool. However, mould tools for plates and steps are very expensive. Moreover, the size of these moulded parts, particularly the tread element with its ribs can lead to problems in casting, particularly to formation of shrink holes, so that for avoidance thereof a costly temperature control of the mould tools is necessary.
WO 0066476 A proposes, for solution of this problem, a modular construction of steps and plates so that the different widths of steps or plates can be produced by means of a few and smaller mould tools. The step or plate substantially consists of an extruded support body of aluminium and of a tread element. The tread element comprises a plurality of sub-elements. These sub-elements are fastened to the support body by means of a groove-and-key connection. A first disadvantage of this solution is that mounting of the sub-elements on the support body by lateral pushing of the keys into the grooves can be a difficult and time-consuming process, since the key-and-groove connections have a tendency to cant particularly at the start of pushing in. A second disadvantage of this solution is that the proposed groove-and-key connection has slight play, so that due to vibrations unpleasant noises can arise as a consequence of relative movements between the tread plate and the support body, since the keys are spread in the grooves only at the abutment locations between two tread elements and therefore the play between groove and key is eliminated only at these places.
It is therefore the object of the present invention to create a step or plate with a support body and with a tread element which can be produced simply and economically, can be mounted quickly and simply and notwithstanding its simple construction enables silent running of the step belt or plate belt.
This object is fulfilled by a step of an escalator or a plate of a moving walkway. This comprises a tread element and a support body with a base, wherein the tread element comprises at least two sub-elements. Each sub-element is bounded in the areal extent thereof by two parallel end sides extending in the intended direction of movement of the step or plate and two edge sides arranged orthogonally to the end sides. The support body can be an extruded shaped tube or shaped section, a shaped part cut and bent from sheet metal or a step skeleton or plate skeleton composed of a plurality of parts.
The at least two sub-elements are arranged in a predetermined sequence on the base of the support body, wherein adjacently arranged sub-elements respectively bear against one another by one of the end sides thereof. A simplest possible mounting of the tread element is achieved by the fact that a sub-element previously arranged on the base is secured to the support body by the sub-element successively arranged on the base. Consequently, no additional fastening means are necessary. Moreover, by virtue of this design the tread element is connected with the support body at a plurality of locations over the width of the step or plate without additional fastening means and rests over the entire width on the support body. Further, through division into sub-elements the tread plate which is difficult to produce can be produced by means of, for example, smaller diecasting machines operating with higher cycle rates. Through the division into smaller sub-elements it is possible to produce all current step widths or plate widths with use of the same sub-elements.
The division into a support body and into a tread element has advantages not only in terms of production engineering. It is possible, through the division, to use different materials which are complementary in optimum manner. For example, a support body of steel has a substantially higher service life relative to dynamic and changing loading than a comparable support body of aluminium. An aluminium support body with compact cross-sections can hardly be used for, in particular, transport widths or plate widths or step widths higher than 1,100 millimeters, since the service life thereof would be too small due to oscillating load change.
In order to secure each sub-element, which is previously arranged on the base, to the support body by the respective sub-element successively arranged on the base at least one projection can be formed at the sub-element in the region of at least one end side. The projections of mutually adjoining end sides are so arranged that the at least one projection of the sub-element, which is previously placed on the base, hooks under or engages under the successively placed sub-element and the at least one projection of the sub-element, which is subsequently placed on the base, hooks under the base of the support body.
The feature “hook under” specifies the form of the projection, which in the mounted state projects under a suitably shaped region of a further component (sub-element or support body) in such a manner that the sub-element can no longer loosen in its principal mounting direction from the support body. The principal mounting direction is in the present case the direction by which the sub-element is placed on the support body without taking into consideration pivot movements needed in that case for introducing the projection into the further component. The principal mounting direction is usually oriented perpendicularly to the base and therefore substantially corresponds with the direction of loading of the tread element in the operationally ready state.
In order to prevent displacements of the sub-element relative to the support body even in a plane containing the base at least one positioning element can be formed at each sub-element and protrudes into a precisely fitting positioning passage of the base when the sub-element is placed. The positioning element is preferably of frusto-conical construction and the precisely fitting positioning bore a cylindrical bore so that when the sub-element is placed on the base the cone surface of the positioning element is slightly deformed by the positioning passage and adapts thereto.
The sub-elements or the projections thereof can be formed in such a manner that the previously placed element is biased against the base by the successively placed sub-element. For example, the sub-element can be formed to be curved in its width so that when the succeeding sub-element is placed the adjoining end side is pressed down onto the base. These sub-elements can obviously also be formed to be planar in the areal extent thereof and the biasing produced by means of projections. This can be achieved, for example, in that the at least one projection of the previously placed sub-element protrudes beyond the base and this part, which is termed protrusion, of the projection is pressed down onto the level of the base when the succeeding sub-element is placed.
Alternatively to the mentioned biasing or in combination with the biasing of the sub-elements the arrangement of a resilient intermediate layer between the base and the underside of the tread element would also be possible so that this resilient intermediate layer is compressed when the sub-elements are placed and the intermediate layer biases the sub-elements against the support body. The resilient intermediate layer can be, for example, a plastics material plate. However, a resilient intermediate layer can also be created by the introduction of an adhesive between the base and the underside of the tread element, whereby a particularly rigid fastening of the tread element to the support body can be achieved. Particularly suitable are pasty or liquid single-component adhesives/sealants on the basis of silane-modified polymers which cross link by humidity to form a resilient product. These are used in, for example, bodywork and vehicle construction, carriage construction and container construction as well as in metal construction and apparatus construction. All these solutions have the advantage that they can prevent formation of interface corrosion between the support body and the tread element if the material of the tread element differs from the material of the support body.
A tread element usually has different zones with respect to the design of the walkable surface thereof. The predominant part of the walkable surface has the ribs already mentioned further above, whereas, for example, the two end-side ends of the tread element can have flat surfaces without ribs.
In order to be able to reproduce such a tread element this is divided into mutually distinguishable sub-elements. One of the sub-elements can be a start element, the lefthand end side of which has a lateral edge section, which is parallel to the end side, with a fastening region. At least one righthand projection is formed in the region of the righthand end side thereof.
The directional statements “righthand” and “lefthand” used serve merely for distinction of the two end sides of a sub-element and do not have a restrictive character with respect to the direction of movement or consideration of the position of the components. These directional statements are always used in connection with projections when the projections are associated with a specific end side.
At least one fastening projection can be formed at the fastening region of the start element. When the start element is placed on the base of the support body the at least one fastening projection hooks under the base of the support body. The fastening region of the start element is thereby fastened to the support body without additional fastening means such as screws, clips, rivets or the like.
A further one of the sub-elements is, for example, a middle element, which has at least one projection at each of the two end sides. The position of the at least one lefthand projection of the lefthand end side is matched to the position of the at least one righthand projection of the previously described start element so that the two sub-elements can be arranged with the end sides thereof bearing against one another on the base of the support body. Moreover, the at least one righthand projection of the righthand end side of the middle element is arranged to be offset with respect to at least one lefthand projection of the middle element so that several middle elements can be arranged with the end sides thereof bearing against one another on the base of the support body.
A further one of the sub-elements can be an end element, the lefthand end side of which has at least one lefthand projection and the righthand end side of which has a lateral edge section, which is parallel to the end side, with a fastening region. The position of the at least one lefthand projection of the lefthand end side is in turn matched to the at least one righthand projection of the righthand end side of the start element and to the at least one righthand projection of the righthand end side of the middle element, so that the end element can be arranged on the base of the support body successively to not only a start element, but also a middle element. The fastening region has suitable attachment points for fastening means, for example passage bores for screws, threaded holes, slots, clamping surfaces for clamping claws and the like.
As explained further above, through the division of the tread element into sub-elements support bodies of different width can be fitted out by means of the same sub-elements. The narrowest plate or step has a start element which is secured to the support body by means of an end element. Insofar as the support body of a step or plate with a greater width is to be provided with a tread element, one or more middle elements can be arranged between the start element and the end element. The fitting out of a support body always begins with the start element and ends with placing of the end element, the fastening region of which is fixedly connected with the base of the support body by at least one fastening element.
A particularly stable and compact coupling of the tread element to the support body can be created if the base of the support body has at least one L-shaped mounting passage arranged in the region of mutually adjacent end sides of placed sub-elements. When the sub-elements are placed, a respective projection of the previously placed sub-element and projection of the successively placed sub-element, which projections are adjacently arranged, extend in the L-shaped mounting passage. A precisely defined securing of the previously placed sub-element by the successively placed sub-element precisely in the region of the L-shaped mounting passage is thus effected, since the previously placed sub-element at this location hooks under the successively placed sub-element and the successively placed sub-element directly adjacent thereto hooks under the base of the support body. Local unevennesses or deformations of the base and the undersides of the sub-elements thus do not have any influence on the quality of the coupling. The mounting passage can obviously also have a different hole cross-section from the L-shaped cross-sectional shape. The mounting passage can, for example, have a round, oval, square, rectangular T-shaped or U-shaped hole cross-section if such a form is expedient.
A step or plate has to have a certain degree of shape stability if it is loaded by the intended carry load or useful load. Moreover, the cross-section, which extends in the width, of the plate or step is bounded by adjoining steps or plates and spaces present in the deflecting regions. If the support body of the step or plate is of tubular construction and has a triangular or trapezium-shaped cross-section it can be deflected in the deflecting region without problem and has a high moment of resistance with respect to bending and torsional moments.
A plurality of the previously described plates is arranged at at least one traction means, whereby a plate belt for a moving walkway can be created. A step belt of an escalator is also constructed in similar manner, wherein instead of plates a plurality of steps is arranged at at least one traction means. However, usually two traction means are used for a plate belt or step belt, in which case the plates or steps are arranged between the traction means. As traction means use can be made of, for example, link chains, cables or belts. Moreover, low-friction guide elements such as rollers or slide bodies can be arranged at the support body or the traction means.
The invention obviously can be used not just in new escalators or moving walkways. For example, an existing moving walkway can be modernised by replacing the existing plate belt by a plate belt according to the invention or an escalator can be modernised by replacing the existing step belt by a step belt according to the invention.
The tread element divided into sub-elements and the mounting thereof on a support body of a step or plate are explained in more detail in the following by way of examples and with reference to the drawings, in which:
The plate 14 has a support body 30, which is of tubular construction and the trapezium-shaped tubular cross-section of which (able to be better seen in
The tread elements 40 of steps and plates 14 have a tread pattern in the form of a row of parallel ribs 49, which extend from the front side to the rear side of the tread element 40, on the tread element top side. The ribs 49 extend in the intended direction X of movement (forwards and backwards) of the step or plate 14. According to the invention, the tread element 40 comprises a plurality of sub-elements, in a present embodiment a start element 41, several middle elements 42 and an end element 43. Each sub-element 41, 42, 43 is bounded in its areal extent by two parallel end sides 45, 46 extending in the intended direction X of movement of the step or plate 14 and two edge sides 47, 48 arranged orthogonally to the end sides 45, 46. For the sake of better clarity, the end sides 45, 46 and edge sides 47, 48 are provided with reference numerals only at one of the middle elements 42.
A tread element 40 usually has different zones with respect to the design of its walkable surface. The predominant part of the walkable surface of the tread element 40 is provided with the ribs 49, whereas, for example, the two end-side edge sections 51, 52 of the tread element 40 can have flat surfaces without ribs 49.
As already mentioned in the foregoing, the tread element 40 of the present embodiment is divided into three mutually distinguishable sub-elements 41, 42, 43. The first of the sub-elements 41 is the start element 41, the lefthand end side 45 of which has a lateral edge section 51, which is parallel to the lefthand end side 45, with a fastening region 53. In addition, two fastening projections 54 are formed at the fastening region 53. When the start element 41 is placed on the base 31 of the support body 30 the two fastening projections 54 protrude through rectangular mounting openings 34 of the base 31 and hook under the base 31 of the support body 30. The fastening region 53 of the start element 41 is thereby fastened to the support body 30 without additional fastening means such as screws, rivets, keys, clips or the like.
Two righthand projections 56, which are visible only in part, are formed in the region of the righthand end side 46 of the start element 41.
The second of the sub-elements 42 is the middle element 42, which has lefthand projections 55 at the lefthand end side 45 and righthand projections 56 at the righthand end side 46. The position of the lefthand projections 55 of the middle element 42 is matched to the position of the righthand projections 56 of the start element 41 described in the foregoing so that the middle element 42 can be arranged, with its lefthand end side 45 bearing against the righthand end side 46 of the start element 42, on the base 31 of the support body 30. In addition, the lefthand projections 55 of the middle element 42 are arranged to be offset relative to the righthand projections 56 of the middle element 42 so that, as illustrated in
The third of the sub-elements 43 is the end element 43, the lefthand end side 45 of which has two lefthand projections 55 and the righthand end side 46 of which has the lateral edge section 52, which is parallel to the righthand end side 43, with a fastening region 57. The position of the two lefthand projections 55 is again matched to the two righthand projections 56 of the righthand end side 46 of the start element 41 and the righthand end side 46 of the middle element 42 so that the end element 43 can be arranged on the base 31 of the support body 30 to follow not only a start element 41, but also a middle element 42. In order that the sub-elements 41, 42, 43 can be placed and fastened in general by the projections 55, 56 thereof on the support body 30, L-shaped mounting openings 35 into which the projections 55, 56 protrude or in which they project through are formed in the base 31.
The fastening region 57 of the end element 43 has suitable attachment points 58 for fastening means 36, for example passage bores 58 for screws 36. The attachment points can obviously also be threaded holes, slots, clamping surfaces for clamping claws or the like. In the present embodiment, for mounting of the end element 43 a threaded plate 38 is arranged at the underside of the base 31. In the mounted state the screws 36 project through the attachment points 58 and the base 31 of the support body 30 until in the threaded holes of the threaded plate 37. Obviously, proprietary nuts can also be used instead of the threaded plate 37. Depending on the respective design of the base 31, the thread can also be cut directly into the base body 30.
In addition, positioning passages 38 with a circularly round hole cross-section are formed in the base 31. The co-operation of the positioning passages 38 and the mounting passages 35 with the sub-elements 41, 42, 43 is described in the following on the basis of
A resilient intermediate layer 137, which in the present example is divided into several sections, is arranged on the base 131 between the positioning passages 38. The resilient intermediate layer 137 can be, for example, an adhesive layer or a resilient synthetic material plate or sections of a synthetic material belt.
As illustrated in
The step 4 further comprises a riser element 280 which has lower projections 283 and upper projections 284 arranged in the edge regions 281, 282 extending in the width. The upper projections 284 arranged in the region of the base 231 protrude into the upper mounting passages 235 without hooking under the base 231. The lower projections 283 arranged in the region of the step foot 232 protrude into lower mounting passages 236 and hook under a front wall 239 of the support body 230. Securing of the riser element 280 is therefore carried out in analogous manner to the securing of the sub-elements of the tread element 240, wherein the upper projections 284 of the riser element 280 hook under the adjoining edge region 247 of the tread element 240. The mounting concept provides that initially the riser element 280 is placed. Subsequently, the riser element 280 is secured by the tread element 240 to the support body 230 in that initially the start element, subsequently thereto and insofar as present one or more middle elements, and finally the end element are placed on the support body 230 and secured to the support body 230 by means of fastening elements.
The tread element divided into sub-elements can, by the fastening concept according to the invention, obviously also be used in the case of a step with a step skeleton.
Although the invention has been described by illustration of specific embodiments it will be obvious that numerous further variants of embodiment can be created with knowledge of the present invention, for example in that in the case of plates a plate skeleton is used instead of a tubular support body. Moreover, the support body can have a cross-section differing from the trapezium-shaped or triangular cross-sectional shape in that, for example, a polygonal cross-sectional shape is created by means of further folded portions. In addition, the sub-elements do not necessarily have to be a cast aluminium part. The sub-elements of the tread element can also be machined from a blank or produced by means of a forging die as a forged part. The sub-elements can obviously also consist of sheet-metal parts, particularly deep-drawn sheet-metal parts. Moreover, the sub-elements can be of a glass-fibre-reinforced and/or carbon-fibre-reinforced synthetic material or a different composite material. Furthermore, the sub-elements can also be produced at least partly from a natural stone such as granite or marble or from an amorphous material such as glass.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13183514 | Sep 2013 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/068207 | 8/28/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015/032674 | 3/12/2015 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5150780 | Fischer | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5337879 | Fischer | Aug 1994 | A |
| 6398003 | Jasinetzky | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 7407049 | Aulanko | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7484614 | Aulanko | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 8240452 | Fischer | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2013 154985 | Aug 2013 | JP |
| WO 0066476 | Nov 2000 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160221798 A1 | Aug 2016 | US |
