Applicant hereby claims foreign priority benefits under 35 U.S.C. ยง119 from Great Britain Patent Application No. 0811636.0 filed on Jun. 25, 2008, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to a pallet and to a method of assembly of a pallet. Pallets in accordance with this invention are particularly, but not exclusively, of the kind used for transportation and storage of bulky objects, for example, transportation using fork-lift truck, trains, hoists or jacks. Pallets in accordance with this invention may also be used to provide support surfaces for displays, for example, signs or posters.
Conventional pallets comprise ground or floor engaging bottom deck boards which may extend in a first direction, e.g. laterally, of the pallet; stringers or blocks mounted on the bottom deck boards and extending in a second direction, e.g. longitudinally of the pallet to join the deck boards; and top deck boards mounted on the stringers or blocks and adapted to carry a load in use. The top deck boards usually extend parallel to the bottom deck boards. Apertures between the top and bottom deck boards are adapted to receive the tines of a forklift or other lifting device or ropes which may be attached to a crane or hoist.
Conventional pallets are manufactured from timber joists and planks. Wooden pallets are difficult and uneconomical to repair and are usually destroyed if damaged in use. Such pallets are also bulky and difficult to transport. Nails used to fix the boards can be a safety hazard agent to the person handling the pallet or may damage the packaging of the goods being transported.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a demountable pallet which may be assembled from modular or replaceable components and which can be dismantled for transportation, storage or replacement of a damaged component without use of nails.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a pallet comprises:
The present invention provides a pallet which may be assembled by inserting the ends of each board with respective sockets and sliding each board in a direction parallel to the rails into engagement with the side rails. Then the spine member may be slidably engaged with the boards to form a rigid pallet capable of supporting a load in use. The pallet is further capable of being dismantled for transportation, storage or repair. Reduced volumes are required for transportation of the disassembled pallet components. Service inspection of the disassembled products and repair if necessary are facilitated. Different components of the pallet may be made from different materials in order to more efficiently meet their different structural and load bearing requirements. This allows flexibility of supply chain management and product life cycle management. One or more of the components, preferably the final locking member, may include an identification device, for example a radio frequency identification device (RFID) disc or label so that the pallet has a recorded identity from the production date. The physical location may be also recorded and tracked together with the servicing record, using GPRS logistics.
Locking or unlocking by movement of the boards parallel to the rails in a longitudinal direction with respect to the rails and spine member has the advantage that the components in the pallet cannot be disengaged by lateral movements, perpendicular to the rails during use. Furthermore prevention of sliding movement of the boards along the spine member by the locking means provides a simple and reliable procedure for assembly and for dismantling the pallet by placing the rails in position and subsequently adding and removing the remaining components. Use of both longitudinal and transverse movements during assembly is thereby avoided.
In a preferred embodiment wherein each board has a tongue at each end, the tongues extending transversely of the pallet towards the sockets in the respective rails; each tongue including a formation defining an abutment extending parallel to the rail and adapted to engage a complementary formation of the rail as the board slides from the unlocked to the locked position.
The formation preferably comprises a slot extending parallel to the rail and dimensioned to receive a rib integral with the rail and extending towards the socket. The rib is preferably a parallel sided part of the box section of the rail.
Alternatively the formation may comprise a rib or series of projections arranged to be received in a slot in the rail.
Each board may have a projecting tongue or rib adapted to be slidably received and engaged within the channel. Each side rail may include a plurality of inwardly extending projections and sockets located between adjacent projections, each socket being adapted to receive a board inserted between the rails and further adapted so that the board when received in the socket may be moved slidably in a direction parallel to the rail into the channels to engage the rails at each end of the board.
The board may have a longitudinal slot extending longitudinally of the pallet, parallel to the rail, and adapted to engage an edge of the respective runner. Such an arrangement conveniently locks the board and rails together, and is resistant to lateral or transverse movement of the rails and boards.
In preferred embodiments the slots or other formations of the boards extend in use parallel to the rails in a direction outwardly from the centre of the rail towards the front or rear ends of the rail. In these embodiments the boards may be inserted into sockets and slidably moved in outward directions into their locked positions.
Each tongue is preferably received by sliding movement within a channel of the rail. This serves to facilitate engagement of the board and rail and prevents twisting in use.
A pallet in accordance with this invention has an advantage that the rails and spine member may be formed from hollow box or tubular sections so that the rails and spine members have apertures which extend lengthwise of the pallet. Adjacent pallets may be fastened together end-to-end, using rope or chains to form an elongate structure. Such a structure may be used as a bridge in the event of flooding or to allow passage over muddy or unstable terrain. In preferred embodiments the pallets are composed of reinforced composite material, for example a wood reinforced polymeric composite. Such pallets are buoyant and may serve as safety floats or may be connected together to form a floating bridge or pontoon in the event of flooding or heavy rains.
A pallet in accordance with this invention has the further advantage that it may be assembled without use of nails, screws, clips or other fixings, avoiding the need to maintain and transport a supply of the necessary number of such fixings.
The pallet may be manufactured from extruded polymeric materials, e.g. polypropylene or other engineering thermoplastics, or from aluminium or other extrudable metals. Use of wood-plastics composite materials is especially preferred. Such materials can incorporate scrap timber and wood products. Use of recycled waste wood products is particularly preferred in order to minimise environmental damage.
In a preferred embodiment each spine runner includes a pair of longitudinally extending ribs, the ribs defining a channel between the ribs, the channel and ribs being adapted to engage and retain a complementary formation of the spine engagement portion of a board.
In an alternative embodiment the spine has a longitudinal axis and spine runners extending axially of the spine, and one or more said locking members being axially rotatable about the axis;
the locking members including spine runner portions; the locking members being moveable from an unlocked position wherein the spine runner portion is aligned with a spine runner to form a continuous runner, and a locked position wherein the locking member obstructs the spine runner so that a board may not be slidably disengaged from the runner.
Each rotatable locking member may comprise a single longitudinal rib, the rib being adapted to be aligned in the unlocked position with one of the pair of ribs of a spine runner. In a preferred embodiment, the locking member comprises two single ribs located in diametrically opposed relation on opposite sides of the member. Such an arrangement allows the locking member to be disengaged from the board by a single rotational movement but yet allows insertion or removal of the board from engagement with the spine.
Preferably, the spine and locking members have an axial bore, a shaft being received in the bore to support the locking members during rotation in relation to the spine. In a first preferred embodiment, the shaft may be removed from the spine when not in use. In an alternative embodiment, the shaft may be permanently located within the bore to strengthen the spine and rotatable locking members.
A transverse aperture, lug, socket or other engagement structure may be provided on the locking members to receive a bar or tool to facilitate rotation of the member in use. For example, an aperture may be adapted to receive the blade of a screwdriver.
In a preferred first embodiment, the side rails have abutments at the ends thereof. These serve to prevent boards from sliding off the ends of the rails in use.
In a preferred embodiment, two locking members are provided between two spine members. The locking members may be located centrally of the spine members and centrally of the pallet to define a recess or socket into which boards may be inserted when the locking members are in the unlocked position. Following insertion the boards may be caused to slide longitudinally onto the spine and into engagement with the side rails.
In preferred embodiments, the side rail may comprise a box section extrusion with upper and lower runners facing inwardly of the pallet, each runner comprising an array of sections wherein a channel extends along each section with a rebate between adjacent channels, the rebate having a dimension to form a socket to receive and engage an end of a respective board.
According to a preferred embodiment of this invention, the boards are adapted to slidably engage the spine runner from a first end thereof, the locking means being adapted to secure at least one board slidably engaged on the first end of the spine.
Preferably the locking means comprises a bolt which may be received in apertures in the last board and in the spine. A bolt may be secured by means of one or more nuts. This provides a simple and sturdy means of locking the pallet assembly. Alternatively a screw or spring clip arrangement may be used. In addition the locking means may include a Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) or label to enable identification and tracking of the pallet
The spine member may comprise two or more sections adapted to be located end to end along the axis of the pallet.
The boards may be separated by spacer sections with relatively narrow width, each spacer section being located between a pair of adjacent boards to provide a slatted upper and/or lower deck configuration.
The invention is further described by means of example, but not in any limitative sense, with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
In the following drawings the same reference numerals are used to denote the like components in each Figure.
The pallet shown in
Two spine members (6) extend axially longitudinally of the pallet as described below. The spine members (6) have axial bores (7) providing a continuous channel from the front to the back of the pallet.
An array of lower deck boards (10) similar to the upper deck boards is adapted to engage the ground or floor surface in use.
Each side rail (1,2) has a generally box-shaped extruded construction comprising a ground engaging lower portion (20), upper load supporting portion (21), an outer skin (22) and inner skin (23). The inner surface includes upper (24) and lower (25) runners extending longitudinally of the pallet. The runners face inwardly of the pallet in use. Each runner comprises a channel (26) adapted to receive and engage a correspondingly shaped projecting tongue or rib of a board when the pallet is assembled.
The channels (26) are each defined by parallel projections (27) extending inwardly from the lower or upper surfaces (20) of the side rail. Rectangular or otherwise shaped rebates or sockets (28) are located between each projection (27). The rebate or sockets (28) are dimensioned to receive the end of a board during assembly of the pallet.
During assembly of the pallet the boards (10) and spacer (4) are slid into engagement onto the lower ribs (34,38) of the spine to form two sub assemblies.
In
In
The structure and assembly of further embodiments of the invention are described with reference to
In the embodiment shown in
The spine (57) comprises two portions (59, 60) which collectively have a length shorter than the length of the pallet. During assembly of the pallet each spine portion may be assembled with upper and lower pairs of two boards (51) to form a H-shaped sub-unit as shown in
Protective spacers (208, 209) are inserted onto the lower spine runners between the boards (200). The protective spacers provide a load bearing, smooth surface which is generally co-planer with the lower ground engaging surfaces of the boards (200). In this way damage to the spine runners and occlusion of dirt are avoided.
In
Use of the segmented boards is advantageous in facilitating a final step of assembly of the pallet. The half board portion may be inserted into a central space remaining between the two H-shaped upper board arrays after the boards have been slid outwardly into their locked positions on the rails. In alternative embodiments and modes of assembly the use of segmented boards is not necessary.
Rotation of locking member may be achieved by inserting a screwdriver or other elongate tool into an aperture (308) to allow twisting of the locking member between the locked and unlocked positions.
While the present invention has been illustrated and described with respect to a particular embodiment thereof, it should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications to this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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