Patent Application
20120097632
The field of the invention is pulp-molded containers.
Waste has been a prominent problem in the modern world. Much of the waste comes from plastic and/or metal, which decomposes at a very slow rate. These materials must be recycled, dumped into the oceans or waterways, or deposited into landfills where they will remain for centuries.
In order to reduce the waste in our ever-filling landfills, it is advantageous to create containers that are biodegradable and/or compostable. U.S. Pat. No. 1,415,100 to Lang describes a paper bottle having a neck portion that is strengthened by increasing the amount of pulp used in forming the neck. However, the additional pulp fails to increase the tensile strength of the neck, as the additional pulp comprises the same material that forms the body. Thus, as additional force is used to place a cork or other stopper in the neck, the neck portion can crack and subsequently leak.
Lang and all other extrinsic materials discussed herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,540,726 to Moore, 1,602,925 to Moore, and 2,027,484 to Koch describe reinforcing the neck of paper containers by folding the sidewall over the mouth of the containers to add additional layers to the neck. However, such methods also fail to sufficiently increase the tensile strength to withstand insertion of a cork or other stopper.
It is also known to reinforce the neck portion by additional paper layers, as described in United Kingdom Pat. No. 401019 to Farrow, U.S. Pat. No. 1,342,013 to Chenery, and U.S. Pat. No. 1,415,100 to Lang. However, such reinforcement suffers from the same problem as above.
It is further known to strengthen the neck portion by adding one or more ribs formed about the neck portion, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,090,699 to Plunkett.
All of the above methods, while strengthening the neck portion, fail to sufficiently increase the tensile strength of the neck portion such that the neck can withstand forced insertions of corks or other stoppers into the bottles.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,525,399 to Kerkhof discusses utilizing a metal ring to strengthen a the neck of a receptacle. However, the metal ring is not biodegradable and would therefore add to the existing waste problem.
Thus, there is still a need for a reinforced neck portion comprising a frame having a material that is heterocompositional from that of the paper container.
The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods in which a container for housing a fluid comprises a pulp-molded container having a reinforced neck.
The containers advantageously have a heterocompositional strut or other framework configured to reinforce the neck. As used herein, the term “heterocompositional” is defined to mean a non-identical and separate material than the material used to form the neck. Preferred frames comprise long fibrous materials formed concentrically around the neck. However, any commercially suitable materials could be used as a frame, including for example, Kraft or other papers, strings, fibrous materials, and/or combinations thereof. Thus, for example, a neck could have a first portion formed from a paper pulp, and a second, frame portion formed from string. As another example, a neck could be formed from a first type of paper pulp, and the frame could be formed from a second type of paper pulp. However, a container where the neck is composed essentially of rolled paper, a frame member of more of the same type of rolled paper would not comprise a heterocompositional portion.
As used herein “fibrous material” means materials characterized by a plurality of discrete fibers. The filaments can be plant or animal derived, synthetic, or some combination of these. In “plant-derived fibrous materials” the filaments are at least predominantly of plant origin, examples of which include wood, papyrus, rice, ficus, mulberry, fibers, cotton, yucca, sisal, bowstring hemp and New Zealand flax. Paper is generally a fibrous material that is usually made by pressing and de-watering moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood rags, or grasses.
Unless the context dictates the contrary, all ranges set forth herein should be interpreted as being inclusive of their endpoints and open-ended ranges should be interpreted to include only commercially practical values. Similarly, all lists of values should be considered as inclusive of intermediate values unless the context indicates the contrary.
Preferred containers are formed from one or more biodegradable materials, and include a closed bottom, an open top, and a fibrous side wall that at least partially defines a coated lumen. As used herein, “lumen” means the inner space defined by the walls of the container. As used herein, “fibrous side wall” means a wall comprising a fibrous material as a significant structural constituent. The fibrous walls contemplated herein preferably have at least 2, 5, 10, 20 or even 30 dry weight percent of fibers. Preferably, the fibrous walls have at least 80 or 90 dry weight percent of fibers.
As used herein, a “biodegradable material” means a material that will break down to at least 90% H2O, CO2, and biomass within a period of six months from the action of naturally occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae etc. under favorable conditions. For example, meat, plants, wood, cotton, animal protein, and paper are all deemed herein to be biodegradable.
At least a portion of the inner surface of the side wall can advantageously include a permeation barrier material to reduce the transfer rate of the side wall. As used herein, a statement that a wall of a container that “includes a permeation barrier material” means that the wall is treated with an additive that has a transfer rate of less than or equal to 50 μl of water and/or sunflower oil per cm2 per six-month period of time at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure (STP). Alternatively as used herein, a permeation barrier could compose a liner that is preferably biodegradable, and that may or may not be adhered to the interior of the vessel. Furthermore, the permeation function may be achieved by use of a treatment to the fibrous material that thereby renders it impervious to liquids before molding.
Preferred permeation barriers comprise vegetable or petroleum wax, vulcanized latex, plant resins, polylactic acid polymer (PLA), and cellophane. Other suitable permeation barrier materials include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,344,784 to Hodson or US20050130261 to Wils.
The walls of the neck are preferably formed around at least one frame, such that the frame becomes embedded within the wall of the neck. Thus, similarly to rebar in concrete, the frame increases the tensile strength of the neck of the bottle, such that the neck can withstand the insertion of a cork or other stopper.
Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.
In
The optional side wall 104 can be formed from any commercially suitable materials, and preferably those materials that are biodegradable. While the side wall 104 could have any thickness, the side wall 104 preferably has a thickness of between 1 mm to 10 mm. An exterior surface 112 of the side wall 104 and a bottom portion 108 of the container 100 could be made from a single piece of material, but preferably the bottom portion 108 is a separate piece that fits around a portion of the exterior surface 112. It is also contemplated that the bottom portion 108 could fit around an interior portion of the side wall 104.
Side wall 104 can define a lumen 118 within the container 100 in which a liquid or other liquid, solid, or semi-solid composition can be housed. Preferably, the side wall 104 includes a permeation barrier material 106 or other coating, which may be on an inside of, an outside of, or within the side wall 104. For example, in some contemplated embodiments, the coating 106 can be disposed on an inside of the side wall 104, such that the coating 106 acts as a barrier between the side wall 104 and the composition housed within the container 100. However, it is also contemplated that the coating 106 or an additional coating can be disposed on an exterior surface 112 of the side wall 104, or be impregnated within the side wall 104. Preferably, the coating 106 allows at least a portion of the container 100 to be water-resistant.
In other contemplated embodiments that lack a side wall, the pulp molded portion 130 can have a coating disposed on an inside of, an outside of, or within the pulp molded portion 130.
The neck 116 is preferably tapered, and defines an opening 128 into which a cork or other stopper can be inserted to seal the opening 128. Exemplary corks are shown in
A frame portion 114 can be disposed about at least a portion of the pulp molded portion 132 of the neck 116. Preferably, the frame portion 114 is heterocompositional in relation to the pulp molded portion 132, and the specific material of the frame portion 114 is chosen to reinforce the neck 116. In some contemplated embodiments, the frame portion 114 can comprise Kraft paper or other types of paper. However, it is also contemplated that the frame portion 114 could comprise any commercially suitable biodegradable materials including, for example, papers and other fibrous materials, strings, plant starch based polymers, and any combination(s) thereof. In addition to being disposed on an interior of the pulp molded portion 132, it is contemplated that the frame portion 114 could be disposed within the pulp-molded portion 132 or on an exterior of the pulp molded portion 132.
The neck 116 can also include a shoulder portion 115 that couples the frame portion 114 to the side wall 104, although in other contemplated embodiments, the container can instead have the frame portion 114 coupled to the side wall 104 without an intermediary shoulder portion 115.
The neck 116 can include a permeation barrier material or other coating 120, which may be on an inside of, an outside of, or within either or both of the pulp molded portion 132 and the frame portion 114 of neck 116. For example, in some contemplated embodiments, the coating 120 can be disposed on an inside of the frame portion 114. Similarly, the bottom portion 108 can also include a permeation barrier material or other coating 122, on an inside of, an outside of, or within bottom portion 108. While preferably coatings 106, 120, and 122 have the same composition, it is also contemplated that one or more of coatings 106, 120, and 122 can have a different composition from another of the coatings 106, 120, and 122.
The body 110 of the container 100 can have a pulp molded portion 130 composed of a paper mâché applied to an exterior surface 112 of the side wall 104, for example, although fibrous pulps and other commercially suitable composition(s) can alternatively or additionally be applied to the exterior surface 112. In addition, it is contemplated that the pulp-molded portion 130 of the body 110 can be formed without the need for a side wall 104, such as through injection molding or other processes.
The paper mâché or other commercially suitable composition(s) can also be applied to the frame portion 114 of the neck 116 and/or the bottom portion 108 of container 100. An exemplary container having the paper mâché or molded paper is shown in
In some contemplated embodiments shown in
In
As shown in
In
In some contemplated embodiments, the frame material can be paper or other fibrous materials, string, plant starch based polymers, and any other biodegradable materials, which increases the tensile strength of the bottle's neck.
It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C . . . and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.
This application claims priority and herein incorporates by reference U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/186278, filed Jun. 11, 2009.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US10/37583 | 6/7/2010 | WO | 00 | 1/11/2012 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61186278 | Jun 2009 | US |
