This application is a U.S. national stage application of PCT/EP2018/056952, filed Mar. 20, 2018, which claims priority from European Patent Application No. EP 17163028.8, filed Mar. 27, 2017. The entire content of each application is incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a partition wall, more particular to a party wall for a building.
A party wall (also called parti-wall, parting wall or also known as a common wall) is a dividing partition between two adjoining building units that is shared by the residents on each side of the wall. Such a partition wall is often required to be load-bearing and the partition wall is also required to fulfil certain building requirements. Although these may vary from country to country, very often the wall must be designed to meet established criteria for sound, in particular airborne sound, and/or fire protection between the residential units. Thus, it is required that the partition wall according to the disclosure provides outstanding airborne sound and fire insulation.
Besides the requirements in relation to sound and fire insulation, it is further desirable that a partition wall has as small a thickness as possible since the area of space in the two adjacent building units is reduced due to the space that the partition wall takes up. These requirements can be somewhat counteracting when designing and constructing the partition wall.
It is known to build the partition wall as two halves, where two base profiles are installed and two sets of vertical metal profiles are mounted thereon and with insulation material therebetween, such as shown schematically in
From WO 2014/187726 a thermally insulating outer wall of a building structure is known. However, such wall is specifically designed for excellent thermal insulation and different claddings on the interior and exterior sides. In order to achieve the acoustic (sound) insulation, the thickness is unacceptable large for a party wall.
It is on this background an object of the present disclosure to provide a partition wall between two building units, which satisfies the building requirements concerning sound and fire insulation for a party wall, but also has as relatively small thickness though being load-bearing and which is cost effective in materials and labour costs when erecting the wall.
This object is achieved by a partition wall for a building structure comprising a plurality of building units separated by such partition wall to provide excellent acoustic insulation therebetween, said partition wall comprising:
By a partition wall according to the disclosure, there is provided a load-bearing and stabilizing wall system with limited acoustic (or sound) bridges being present. Mineral wool, fibre boards are well-known for their thermal and acoustic insulating and fire retarding properties so by providing the columns assemblies of mineral wool fibres, basically all the components of the wall contribute to achieving the advantageous sound insulation. From a cost perspective it is advantageous that only a single row of the column assemblies is provided whilst simultaneously also ensuring a low build-in space, i.e. an adequately low thickness. It is further advantageous that by the partition wall a sound reduction Rw of at least 55 dB can be achieved with a total partition wall thickness of 260 mm (10.24 inches) or less.
The airborne sound insulation designates the sound pressure reduction when sound is transmitted between two rooms through a building part, e.g. a wall, a door or a deck, and is described by the reduction index, R, with the unit decibel, dB. High values of R mean better airborne sound reduction.
Application rules, Measurements and Requirements for test facilities and equipment regarding sound insulation of building elements are specified according to building standards, such as the EN ISO 10140 series with the general title ‘Acoustics Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements’. To evaluate the airborne sound insulation of a test specimen, the weighted sound reduction index, Rw, is used. The value is determined according to e.g. the European standard EN ISO 717, part 1.
The weighted airborne sound insulation measured in a laboratory is designated Rw, whereas the weighted airborne sound insulation measured in a building is designated R′w. For building parts that are only measured in a laboratory 4-6 dB is subtracted from the result in order to compensate for any flanking transmission that can be expected when built on site.
Performance requirements for party walls in many countries are typically specified in the Building Regulations prescribing a minimum airborne sound insulation, R′w.
Furthermore, the party wall has a fire reduction class of REI 60; meaning that it can uphold its load bearing capacity and withstand a fire in an adjacent room for 60 minutes. This is measured according to DS/EN 1363-1:2012 Fire resistance tests General requirements in conjunction with EN 1365-1: 2012 Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements Part 1: Walls.
In some embodiments of a partition wall according to the disclosure, the first external wall cover may be secured by penetrating fasteners, such as nails or screws, penetrating through the first mounting elements and into the first spacer elements. Said first spacer elements might correspondingly be secured to the first intermediate profile and anchored in the central element of the column assembly. Similarly the second external wall cover may also be secured by penetrating fasteners, such as nails or screws, penetrating through the second mounting elements and into the second spacer elements. Accordingly the second spacer elements might be secured to either a second intermediate profile and being anchored in the central element of the column assembly, or a building board which beforehand has been secured to adjacent second intermediate profiles. The screws or nails or similar fasteners are typically made of steel or other metal alloys.
In a further advantageous embodiment the at least second spacer elements are moved in the plane of the second mineral wool fibre panels and mounted on the building board, e.g. an OSB board, at a location between two column assemblies and thus displaced from said columns.
The main fiber orientation of such second spacer element might be chosen to run substantially parallel to the plane of the wall and thereby providing a superior spring effect. The displaced spacer along with the said fiber orientation is further disrupting acoustical bridging.
According to a further preferred embodiment, at least the length of the first spacer elements and the thickness of the first mineral wool fibre panel is substantially the same. Hereby a compact sound insulating layer towards one of the building units is provided.
In yet another preferred embodiment, however, the length of the second spacer elements is larger than the thickness of the second mineral wool fibre panel whereby a space is provided between the inner mineral wool fibre panel and the second mineral wool fibre panel. Hereby, it is possible to provide a building board, such as an oriented strand board (OSB) or a flake board, in the space between the inner mineral wool fibre panel and the second mineral wool fibre panel and wherein said board is secured to two adjacently situated second intermediate profiles. This board can provide a further bracing and airtightness to the partition wall.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the first and second mineral wool fibre panels are substantially the same. This provides for a substantially symmetrical wall which is advantageous while easing erecting the wall and the sound insulation properties thereby can be expected to be similar in both sides.
The first and second external wall covers are preferably each made of at least one layer of gypsum board, said first and second external wall covers may have the same or a different number of layers. Hereby the symmetry can be established if an OSB board is provided and/or the wall covers in each of the building units can be provided according to the needs of each of the building units, such as the load of any wall hung items in the units.
Preferably, the central element of the column assembly is made of mineral wool fibres having a density of 300-600 kg/m3 (18.73-37.46 lb/ft3), preferably approx. 500 kg/m3 (31.21 lb/ft3). Hereby a rigid central element is provided for achieving excellent load-bearing properties of the partition wall.
Preferably, the first and second spacer elements are made of mineral wool fibres having a density of 70-150 kg/m3 (4.37-9.36 lb/ft3). Typically first and second spacer elements would comprise substantially the same density of approx. 100 kg/m3 (6.24 lb/ft3).
In an advantageous embodiment of the disclosure, the first spacer element has a first density which is different from a second density of the second element, such as a first density of approx. 100 kg/m3 (6.24 lb/ft3) and a second density of approx. 150 kg/m3 (9.36 lb/ft3). Hereby, the spring properties of the insulating spacer elements in the columns can be adjusted in order to achieve an optimised sound insulation; in particular in the lower density range.
Preferably, the inner mineral wool fibre panel has a density of 60-80 kg/m3 (3.75-4.99 lb/ft3), more preferably 70 kg/m3 (4.37 lb/ft3), and the first and second mineral wool fibre panels have a density in the range of 35-50 kg/m3 (2.18-3.12 lb/ft3), More preferably, the first and second mineral wool fibre panels have substantially the same density, and more preferably a density of approx. 45 kg/m3 (2.81 lb/ft3). By these density ranges a good sound insulation and fire properties are achieved and due to the relative low weight the partition wall according to these embodiments are easy to install. The main fibre orientation of the aforesaid mineral wool fibre panels is substantially parallel with the plane of the wall, i.e. a preferably laminar fibre orientation which has superior thermal properties.
In an embodiment, typically the at least one of the first and second spacer elements in the column assembly have a fibre orientation substantially parallel with the main fibre orientation of the first and second mineral wool panels. Hereby the spring properties can be adjusted according to actual requirements of the partition wall in order to further adjust the sound insulation properties thereof.
In yet another embodiment, the fibre orientation of the spacer elements in general might differ in that their main orientation is substantially perpendicular, e.g. lamellae-like, to that one of the first and second mineral wool panels.
As is apparent from the aforesaid the partition or party wall according to the present disclosure substantially comprises mineral wool fibre components with excellent sound, fire and load-bearing properties.
The disclosure is described in more detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
With reference to
Contrary to this prior art solution of
With reference to
Insulation sections 20, 21, 22 are fitted between the adjacent column assemblies 10. The insulation sections comprise inner mineral wool fibre panels 20 provided in a close fit between the central elements 11 of two adjacent column assemblies 10. First and second mineral wool fibre panels 21, 22 are provided in a close fit between the first and second spacer elements 12, 13, respectively, of the adjacent column assemblies 10.
An first external wall cover 31 abutting the first mineral wool fibre panels 21 and secured to the first mounting elements 33 of the adjacent column assemblies 10, and a second external wall cover 32 abutting the second mineral wool fibre panels 22 and secured to the second mounting elements 34 of the adjacent column assemblies 10.
In the column assemblies 10 in the partition wall according to the embodiments shown in
By a partition wall according to the disclosure, very limited acoustic (or sound) bridges are present as the columns assemblies 10 are made of mineral wool fibres. Moreover, due to the relative high densities, the column assemblies 10 are stiff enough to provide stability and load-bearing properties to the wall construction.
The first external wall cover 31 is secured by penetrating fasteners 16, such as nails or screws, penetrating through each the first mounting elements 33 and into the first spacer elements 12. Said first spacer elements 12 correspondingly are secured to the first intermediate profile 14 and anchored in the central element 11 of the column assembly 10. Similarly the second external wall cover 32 is secured by penetrating fasteners 16, such as nails or screws, penetrating through the second mounting elements 34 and the second spacer elements 13. Accordingly the second spacer elements 13 will be secured to either a second intermediate profile 15 and being anchored in the central element 11 of the column assembly 10, or a building board 23 which beforehand has been secured to adjacent second intermediate profiles 15. The screws or nails or similar fasteners are typically made of steel or other metal alloys.
In the shown embodiments in
The length L2 of the second spacer elements 13 is larger than the thickness of the second mineral wool fibre panel 22 so that a space is provided between the inner mineral wool fibre panels 20 and the second mineral wool fibre panels 22 between two adjacent column assemblies 10. In this space, a building board 23, such as an oriented strand board (OSB) or a flake board, is provided and the board 23 is secured to two adjacently situated second intermediate profiles 15.
In the shown embodiment the thicknesses of the first and second mineral wool fibre panels 21, 22 are substantially the same.
In the embodiment shown in
In the embodiments shown in
However, as shown in the embodiment of
In the embodiments of the figures, it is preferably that the central element 11 of the column assembly 10 is made of highly compacted mineral wool fibres having a density of 300-600 kg/m3 (18.73-37.46 lb/ft3), preferably approx. 500 kg/m3 (31.21 lb/ft3), and the first and second spacer elements 12, 13 are made of mineral wool fibres having a density of 70-150 kg/m3 (4.37-9.36 lb/ft3).
In an embodiment (not shown) the first spacer element 12 has a first density, such as a first density of approx. 100 kg/m3 (6.24 lb/ft3), which is different from the density of the second element 13 being approx. 150 kg/m3 (9.36 lb/ft3). Moreover, in order to provide a spring-mass dampening of the sound impacting the external wall covers 31, 32, at least one of the first and second spacer elements 12, 13 in the column assemblies 10 have a fibre orientation of the spacer elements different in that their main orientation, which is substantially perpendicular, e.g. lamellae-like, to that one of the first and second mineral wool panels 21, 22, such that e.g. the second spacer elements 13 are less compressible in the length direction.
In the currently preferred embodiments, the inner mineral wool fibre panels 20 have a density of 60-80 kg/m3 (3.75-4.99 lb/ft3), more preferably 70 kg/m3 (4.37 lb/ft3), and the first and second mineral wool fibre panels 21, 22 have a density in the range of 35-50 kg/m3 (2.18-3.12 lb/ft3) and more preferably the first and second mineral wool fibre panels 21, 22 have substantially the same density, and more preferably a density of approx. 45 kg/m3 (2.81 lb/ft3).
To test the sound reduction of a party wall according to two embodiments of the disclosure, test measurements were performed.
For the test, the partition walls in both embodiments comprise columns of 100 mm (3.94 inches) central elements mounted in U-profiles at the top and bottom.
One side of the central elements, the columns also consists of 50 mm (1.97 inches) first spacer elements that are screwed onto the central element with an intermediate profile in between. Onto these spacers wall cover of two layers of the Fermacell®-type, 15 mm (0.59 inches), were fastened by screws.
12 mm (0.47 inches) OSB plates are screwed on the second side of the columns via the second intermediate profiles. The OSB plates are butted together and openings between the plates are closed using tape. On the OSB plates approximately at the midway point between the columns a set of second spacer elements of 50 mm (1.97 inches) are screwed to the OSB plates. One layer of wall cover of the type Fermacell®, 15 mm (0.59 inches), is screwed onto these second spacer elements.
The cavities between the central portions of the columns are filled with 100 mm (3.94 inches) inner mineral wool fibre panels of 70 kg/m3 (4.37 lb/ft3), whereas the cavities between the first spacer elements and the cavities between the second spacer elements are filled with 50 mm first and second mineral wool fibre panels of 45 kg/m3 (2.81 lb/ft3).
The total thickness of the partition wall is approx. 260 mm (1.97 inches) and with a weight of approx. 71 kg/m2 (4.43 lb/ft3).
The wall was mounted between two reverberation rooms in a 1.15 m (45.28 inches) deep concrete frame with a width of 3.70 m (145.67 inches) and a height of 2.69 m (105.91 inches).
Laboratory measurement of sound reduction index was carried out according to the EN ISO 10140:2010 part 1, 2, 4 and 5. The test results were evaluated according to EN ISO 717-1:2013.
In a first measurement regarding sound insulation of building elements, i.e. a party wall according to the embodiments of
In a second measurement regarding sound insulation of building elements, i.e. a party wall according to the embodiment of
Above the disclosure is described with reference to some preferred embodiment. However, by the disclosure it is realised that variants and equivalences to one or more of the features also fall within the scope of the disclosure as defined in the accompanying claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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17163028 | Mar 2017 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2018/056952 | 3/20/2018 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2018/177799 | 10/4/2018 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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9587399 | Jakobsen | Mar 2017 | B2 |
9909305 | Lee | Mar 2018 | B2 |
10132097 | Herfurth | Nov 2018 | B2 |
10851543 | Grisolia | Dec 2020 | B2 |
20090107064 | Bowman | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20160115690 | Jakobsen | Apr 2016 | A1 |
20160258176 | Herfurth | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20160376787 | Grisolia | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20170362823 | Lee | Dec 2017 | A1 |
20200123766 | De Graaf | Apr 2020 | A1 |
20200199869 | Simonic | Jun 2020 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
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1081302 | Mar 2001 | EP |
2014187726 | Nov 2014 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20210040736 A1 | Feb 2021 | US |