Patent Grant
7395228
The present invention relates generally to supply chain management of outsourced goods. More particularly, the present invention relates to an enhanced system for parts procurement and production planning among supply chain partners in a multi-enterprise environment.
Conventional planning systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) are well known in many industries today as useful methods for planning enterprise operations. ERP systems provide a framework that integrates all facets of a business, including planning, manufacturing, supply chain management, sales and marketing. Common ERP software vendors such as SAP™, Oracle™, Baan™, and Peoplesoft™ are enabling businesses to implement these systems using computers. Traditional Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and Manufacturing Resource Planning systems generate requirements for materials, parts, and subassemblies that are established on an organization's Bills of Material (BOMs) for the manufacture of existing products.
With the advent of the Internet and related technology, more complex planning systems have evolved that allow two or more disparate and/or geographically independent businesses to interact with one another via a combination of network-based hardware and software solutions. Based on common communication protocols and common standards for system interoperability, the Internet provides a ubiquitous message routing architecture that supports reliable inter-business connectivity around the world. Further, the Internet and related intranet and extranet technologies offer a relatively low cost of entry, making them practical for use by the largest PC manufacturer as well as the smallest custom-integrated circuit supplier. To alleviate related web-based security issues, companies have created two separate networks: an intranet that connects the internal processes to the applications and data they need and an extranet that connects external processes to the applications and data they need. These companies then add firewalls or security devices to protect against unauthorized access to the internal network and to isolate unauthorized Internet access from the extranet.
Despite these advances in planning systems and Internet technology, Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been for some time, the weak or missing link. SCM involves the administration of an organization's supply channels, distribution, and transportation resources, including product ordering, fulfillment and replenishment. Many software vendors are scrambling to fill the void so that existing barriers between trading partners can be removed and a more synchronized flow of information can be facilitated.
Effective supply chain management is particularly important to the electronics industry. In today's global economy, particularly with respect to computer technology, life cycles and prices related to electronics such as personal computers, PDAs, cellular telephones, etc., have dramatically declined over the last ten years. Further, the growth of e-commerce on the Internet creates additional pressures on this industry as traditional geographic barriers are broken down and new businesses/competitors are entering the market. In order to stay competitive, these market dynamics require electronics businesses to develop and introduce new products faster and cheaper than the competition. To meet this demand, new and enhanced business solutions are critical.
A recent trend in electronics manufacturing involves contracting out some or all of the manufacturing of a manufacturer's computer products to third party manufacturers which then build these products according to specification. This arrangement, known as outsourcing, results where the original manufacturer (called an Original Equipment Manufacturer, or OEM) buys computers in bulk from third-party contract manufacturers and then customizes them for a particular application. It then markets and sells the customized computers under its own name. By outsourcing the manufacturing and assembly of these goods, established OEMs are able to focus on other business areas such as new product development and customer relationship management. Additionally, as product designs and components are becoming increasingly complex and frequently updated, a contract manufacturer with specialized skills may be better equipped to accommodate the changing technology. By outsourcing to meet peak demands, an OEM may be able to avoid having to build new facilities and/or hire new people.
In an effort to facilitate the outsourcing processes, OEMs and their manufacturers and suppliers are forming what are known as ‘virtual corporations (or extended enterprises) whereby each entity within the network, or supply chain, specializes in a particular area and, together, operate as one organization or business with respect to the products being produced. In order for these separate entities to effectively operate as one, they must be able to synchronize and share information and fully integrate their existing business processes. Information shared, such as product descriptions, bills of materials (BOMs), approved manufacturers/suppliers lists, etc., must be complete, accurate and up-to-date. Additionally, architectures and applications based on open standards are required in order for complete collaboration in real time within and among the supply chain entities to occur. Few existing applications provide integrated supply chain management solutions and none of these provide complete, synchronized collaboration abilities.
For example, the bidding process between an OEM and its contract manufacturers and suppliers is riddled with inefficiencies. Oftentimes an OEM is able to procure parts components for its ‘in-house’ assemblies at a much cheaper price than its contract manufacturers are able to due to the large volumes of purchasing it engages in. A contract manufacturer who pays more than the OEM for the same component necessarily passes on this extra cost to the OEM once the assembly is completed. The OEM, in turn, must sell the finished product to its customers at a higher cost. A process is therefore desirable which can improve the existing parts requirement planning system across an extended supply chain.
In accordance with exemplary embodiments, a system of managing a supply chain via a computer network that includes a manufacturing enterprise is provided. The system includes a host system, a network link to at least one supply chain entity, and an a-source application executing on the host system. The a-source application processes a bill of material file, which includes verifying demographic information, collecting pricing data and items in external warehouse files, and mapping the items to a commodity. The a-source application also generates and transmits a bid request to a web site. The a-source application further receives marketing data including customer demand for manufacturing enterprise components and receives and analyzes bid responses received from the supply chain entities to determine which components are in demand. The a-source application further generates an award notice based in part on customer demand and availability of components produced internally compared to similar components offered by outside sources. The a-source application further transmits the award notice.
The present invention is described below with reference to the following drawing figures of which:
The A-Source tool of the present invention automates supply chain processes which aids in streamlining the manufacturing process. It involves automating and refining the requests for quote (RFQs) and requests for price updates processes between an OEM and its supply chain partners allowing the OEM to identify cost savings opportunities and make instant business decisions before and throughout its manufacturing cycle. The A-source tool enables an OEM to create a complete bill of materials, including part numbers, descriptions, a list of approved suppliers, quantities and attachments (such as technical drawings, terms and conditions). The information is then placed on the OEM's web site and potential suppliers who wish to work on the project are notified and can provide their responses to the OEM via the Internet. The A-source tool is used when the OEM purchases selected complete products from contract manufacturers who procure and assemble the components. The application offers the OEM the ability to identify cost-saving opportunities by comparing its component costs from original manufacturers vs. a contract manufacturer's purchase price for the same component. The A-source tool includes a bridging component, or parts requirement planning (PRP) component, which is a bridging application that allows disparate business applications run by supply chain entities to communicate with one another. Many of the data inputs provided to the A-source tool may not be compatible with existing enterprise software, thus, the PRP component provides the mechanism by which the two data types can be integrated. The PRP tool also allows OEMs to identify parts by ‘business attributes’ rather than solely by physical or configuration characteristics. Business attributes include key data such as whether a part is subject to consignment, whether a part is price masked, and whether a part is subject to a buy-off contract, and/or direct rebate program. They are employed by the OEM as part of its price protection techniques and are used to cut costs via the A-source application. These terms are defined as follows:
Direct Rebate: The OEM directs a contract manufacturer to buy strategic parts from an approved supplier that participates in the OEM's direct rebate process. The supplier sells directly to the contract manufacturer, then rebates the difference between the selling (market) price and the OEM contract price to the OEM.
OEM Consigned Parts: The OEM buys strategic parts directly from an approved supplier. The OEM then consigns these parts to a contract manufacturer.
Buying off an OEM contract: The contract manufacturer must have the approval of the respective commodity council and the component supplier prior to executing this technique. The contract manufacturer buys required parts directly from an approved OEM parts supplier at the OEM negotiated price.
Price Masked: 1) Outsourced supply chain team buys off production procurement council's negotiated contracts at the OEM price and sells to a contract manufacturer at an uplifted market price. 2) Outsourced supply chain team rebates the difference between the ‘buy’ price and the ‘sell’ price to the OEM division purchasing the assembly from the contract manufacturer. Parts are determined to be price masked if any one of the following criteria is met: a) OEM has a technology dependence/vested interest/influence; or b) OEM has a supply continuity leverage/advantage.
Applying business attributes to BOM items aids the OEM in its decision making processes. By automating the bidding process and keying critical BOM data with specified business attributes, the OEM is able to dramatically reduce production costs and make instant business decisions, thereby passing the savings on to customers.
The following illustrates the structural and operational aspects of the present invention:
In terms of structure, reference is now made to
Host system 112 may be an IBM® S/390 system or other suitable computer. Host system 112 is running suitable web server software designed to accommodate various forms of communications, including voice, video, and text. For purposes of illustration, host system 112 is running Lotus Domino™ and Lotus Notes™ as its groupware applications software, however, any compatible e-mail-integrated collaborative software could be used. Applications server 108 executes the A-source tool of the present invention. The A-source application may be one of many business applications employed by manufacturing enterprise 150 which, in combination, constitute its Enterprise Resource Planning and Materials Requirements Planning suites described above.
Data storage device 120 is any form of mass storage device configured to read and write database type data maintained in a file store (e.g., a magnetic disk data storage device). Of course, it will be appreciated that data storage device 120 may be one that consists of multiple disk sub-systems which may be geographically dispersed and coupled via network architecture. There is no positive requirement that data storage device 120 be maintained in one facility; to the contrary, the volume of information stored therein may dictate geographical dispersion and the like. All that is required is that data storage device 120 be logically addressable as a consolidated data source across a distributed environment such as a network system. The implementation of local and wide-area database management systems to achieve the functionality of data storage device 120 will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. Information stored in data storage device 120 is retrieved and manipulated by database manager 110. For purposes of illustration, database manager 110 is utilizing IBM's DB/2® software.
Data storage device 120 provides a repository for a library of documents created and utilized by the A-source tool. Also stored in data storage device 120 is a catalog or collection of tables used by the PRP bridging component of the A-source tool in order to reformat various types of data and integrate data received from different sources as will be explained further herein. Documents stored in data storage device 120 include lists of approved suppliers/manufacturers, A-source activity log reports and miscellaneous reports, as well as general supplier and product information. The A-source activity log is described further herein.
Supplier enterprise 160 comprises web server 130 that connects terminals 132 to intranet 134 and to the Internet. Firewall 137 provides security and protection against unauthorized access to internal network information from outside sources as well as controlling the scope of access to manufacturing enterprise system's 150 data. Terminals 132 may access web server 130 via internal web browsers located on terminals 132 (not shown). Supplier enterprise 160 may be an existing or prospective supply chain partner of manufacturing enterprise 150 and may be a supplier or contract manufacturer. Although not shown in
The A-source tool of the present invention is an e-business application that allows manufacturing enterprise 150 to submit requests for quote (RFQs) and requests for price updates to a contract manufacturer and/or supplier of supplier enterprise 160 and have them respond over the Internet. The application analyzes the inputs to identify cost savings opportunities, thereby improving volume purchasing leverage, increasing productivity, and reducing time to market as a result of electronic data exchange.
The A-source RFQ/bidding process is initiated at step 200 of
Once the BOM file is processed, the results are fed to a bill of material review group at step 212 and to the enterprise production and planning system (EPPS) at step 214. Enterprise production and planning system (EPPS) is a component of the central planning system of
The cost analysis review team is comprised of four financial or accounting departments/divisions and may be defined by manufacturing enterprise 150 via the A-source tool. Additionally, there may be more than or fewer than four financial departments specified. For purposes of illustration, the four departments illustrated in
The BOM coordinator runs a price comparison view for leverage analysis at step 236 of
The cost analyst enters a price protection technique for a selected part number in the A-source tool at step 252 of
Once the part numbers are ‘order ready’, or alternatively, if no part number is required, flow proceeds to step 262 of
The purchasing departments verify that contract manufacturers are complying with the price protection plan via monthly or quarterly price reviews at step 272 of
Referring now to
At step 320, the cost analysis review team performs a cost review analysis of the BOM information. At step 322, a technical interface maps items for missing part numbers and enters them into the A-source tool. The cost analysis review team audits and updates the OEM pricing information at step 324 and then notifies the BOM coordinator via Lotus Notes™to run a comparison and price release report to the purchasing departments at step 326. Accordingly, the BOM coordinator runs a price comparison view for cost leverage analysis and released prices on the A-source tool at step 328 of
At step 340, the A-source tool checks to see if an OEM or ‘in house’ part number is required. If so, flow proceeds to step 342 where the cost analysis review team prepares part numbers for execution based on each technique. The date the cost analysis review team begins to prepare part numbers for execution for each technique is recorded in the A-source activity log at Flag 7. This information is submitted to the bill of material review group as required for part number release at step 344. The cost analysis review team notifies the BOM coordinator via Lotus Notes™ that part numbers are ‘order ready’ at step 346. The date the cost analysis review team notifies the BOM coordinator that the part numbers are order ready is recorded in the A-source activity log at Flag 8. At step 350 of
The purchasing departments periodically verify that the contract manufacturer is executing according to the price protection plan technique via quarterly price reviews at step 358 of
The A-source application standardizes and simplifies the process of exchanging component pricing information with contract manufacturers, enabling the manufacturing enterprise to quickly evaluate bids, ensure that their suppliers are paying the lowest possible prices for parts, and make accurate, cost-effective buying decisions. This process enhances productivity, provides reduced time-to-market for final items, and lower costs of final products as the contract manufacturers pass along their price savings to the manufacturing enterprise.
The A-source application is executed via workgroup software, such as Lotus Domino™ and Lotus Notes™. The information received by the A-source application must be able to be combined with data provided by other applications running on manufacturing enterprise system 150. Oftentimes the database applications and the groupware applications are incompatible. It is helpful if these types of information be integrated in order to achieve the benefits provided by the A-source tool. Accordingly, a bridging component is contained within the A-source tool which provides this integration.
Referring now to
The required BOM structure to be loaded in the parts requirement planning bridge tables are shown in
The TPFACF.ASM_CONFIG_FILE table 502 holds specified data relating to the parts/components listed in a BOM file as follows:
If a bill of material already exists for ‘Z90’, the ‘Z90’ bill of material is replaced.
The TPFACFTV.PART_NUM_ATTR table 504 enables the A-source tool to add part numbers to components in the system if required and to assign unique part numbers for new parts along with a description. The information provided by this table is as follows:
TPFACFTV.PART_NUM_ATTR_LOC table 506 assigns each part number to a specific contract manufacturer. This allows manufacturing enterprise system 150 to identify from whom it is getting its parts. This information is useful in establishing a volume structure for present and future production planning. This table is illustrated as follows:
The ABOM_DEMOGRAPHIC table 508 is illustrated as follows:
The PRP tool allows BOM configuration data (or physical attributes) stored in one or more databases to be combined with BOM business attributes stored in a separate database or databases. Examples of business attributes include: whether the part can be purchased by direct rebate, whether the part is price-masked, and whether an existing contract specifies how the part is to be procured. The configuration data, together with the business attributes data, allow manufacturing enterprise system 150 to create a consolidated demand statement including forecasting information. The A-source tool generates this consolidated demand statement and transmits it to supplier enterprise system 160 for action.
Having fully described the present invention by way of example with reference to the attached drawing figures, it will be readily appreciated that many changes and modifications may be made to the invention and to any of the exemplary embodiments shown and/or described herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/730,683, filed Dec. 6, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,047,215, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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