Patent Application
20230103973
Exemplary embodiments pertain to the art of phase separation and, in particular, to a passive phase separator with a liquid removal chamber.
Phase separation is required in a variety of multi-phase systems. For example, in certain environments (e.g., space vehicle or habitat), a heat exchanger may be used to revitalize air through condensing, cooling, filtering, and humidifying. This can result in a multi-phase product, specifically a mix of water and air. In a zero-gravity environment such as the space environment, condensation of water and its separation from the remaining gaseous phase presents a technical challenge. Any water droplets remaining in the gas (e.g., cabin air) may impede the function of various equipment (e.g., soak the filter) or coalesce to form a potential hazard (e.g., within a space vehicle, life support suit, space station, habitat).
In one exemplary embodiment, a passive phase separator includes an input conduit including an inlet through which multi-phase flow enters the input conduit and a gas conduit formed at an angle from the input conduit. A liquid removal chamber is formed in line with the input conduit. The gas conduit is closer to the inlet than the liquid removal chamber. The liquid removal chamber holds liquid from the multi-phase flow and the gas conduit carries gas from the multi-phase flow.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the passive phase separator also includes hydrophilic material defining some or all of a perimeter of the liquid removal chamber. The hydrophilic material attracts and passes through the liquid that is water or water-based.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the input conduit includes a liquid inlet that forms an opening of the liquid removal chamber on a side of the input conduit opposite the side of the inlet.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the passive phase separator also includes a liquid conduit configured to couple to the liquid removal chamber. The liquid that passes through the hydrophilic material enters a volume of the liquid conduit.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the liquid removal chamber and the liquid conduit form a liquid capture portion.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the liquid capture portion is modular and replaceable.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the angle is 90 degrees.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the angle is less than 180 degrees.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, some or all of the input conduit or the gas conduit is formed from or coated with a hydrophobic material.
In another exemplary embodiment, a method of assembling a passive phase separator includes arranging an input conduit with an inlet through which multi-phase flow enters the input conduit and forming a gas conduit at an angle from the input conduit. The method also includes forming a liquid removal chamber in line with the input conduit. The gas conduit is closer to the inlet than the liquid removal chamber. The liquid removal chamber holds liquid from the multi-phase flow and the gas conduit carries gas from the multi-phase flow.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the method also includes defining some or all of a perimeter of the liquid removal chamber with a hydrophilic material. The hydrophilic material attracts and passes through the liquid that is water or water-based.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the method also includes forming an opening of the liquid removal chamber on a side of the input conduit opposite the side of the inlet as a liquid inlet.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the method also includes arranging a liquid conduit to couple to the liquid removal chamber. The liquid that passes through the hydrophilic material enters a volume of the liquid conduit.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the method also includes forming a liquid capture portion with the liquid removal chamber and the liquid conduit.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the forming the liquid capture portion includes the liquid capture portion being modular and replaceable.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the forming the gas conduit includes arranging the gas conduit at a 90 degree angle from the input conduit.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the forming the gas conduit includes arranging the gas conduit at the angle less than 180 degrees from the input conduit.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the method also includes determining a shape and size of the liquid removal chamber based on characteristics of the multi-phase flow.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the multi-phase flow is a flow of water and air and the characteristics include an expected increase in a concentration of the water in portions of the multi-phase flow.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, the method also includes forming some or all of the input conduit or the gas conduit with a hydrophobic material or coating some or all of the input conduit or the gas conduit with the hydrophobic material.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures.
As previously noted, multi-phase flow may have to be separated by a phase separator in a variety of applications. For example, a heat exchanger may be used to revitalize breathable air in space applications and may produce two-phase flow of water and air. As also noted, removing all the water droplets from the heat exchanger before redirecting the air for use in life support may avoid various issues, especially in a zero gravity space environment. Embodiments of the systems and methods detailed herein relate to a passive phase separator with a liquid removal chamber. The multi-phase flow may include two phases (i.e., water and air) that may flow from a condensing heat exchanger to the passive phase separator. As a result of the phase separation, air is allowed to flow to a life support environment (e.g., space suit, space vehicle, habitat) while water is separated and retained for reuse. The passive phase separator according to one or more embodiments includes a liquid removal chamber. In addition to being passive (i.e., requiring no external power), the phase separator according to one or more embodiments facilitates phase separation even for slug flow (i.e., multi-phase flow in which the liquid concentration is higher in some portions that include a “slug of liquid”). The phase separator operates in a zero gravity/microgravity environment with a low pressure drop.
A hydrophobic material 115 is shown on the inside of the input conduit 110 and at a corner with the gas conduit 120. In the input conduit 110, the hydrophobic material 115 may prevent water or a water-based liquid in the two-phase flow from separating and clinging to the walls of the input conduit 110. At the corner, the hydrophobic material 115 may discourage collection of liquid at the corner and encourage flow into the liquid removal chamber 140. The hydrophobic material 115 may also be included in the gas conduit 120 where it would maintain the effectiveness of the inertial separation while changing the flow that downstream components see, which may alter their performance. The hydrophobic material 115 may be included as a coating or, in alternate embodiments, may be fabricated as the tubing.
The gas conduit 120, which forms an angle θ with the input conduit 110, may vent the gas (e.g., air) as part of a life support system, for example. The angle θ is shown to be 90 degrees (i.e., gas conduit 120 is perpendicular to the input conduit 110) in
On the other hand, higher values of the angle θ may result in a relatively lower pressure drop but also relatively less separation of the gas from the liquid. For example, if the angle θ were 170 degrees (e.g., almost parallel with the portion of the input conduit 110 that continues through the liquid inlet 130), liquid may flow into the gas conduit 120 as easily as it does into the liquid removal chamber 140. That is, the inertia associated with the liquid, which is more dense than the gas, making the turn into the gas conduit 120 may be too easily overcome if the angle θ were too close to 180 degrees. At the same time, gas moving from the input conduit 110 to the gas conduit 120 may not experience much of a decrease in pressure. The lower the expected concentration and flow rate, the higher the angle θ may be.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in
As such, a different liquid capture portion 145 may be affixed (e.g., screwed, adhered) into the passive phase separator 100 as needed. The size and shape of the liquid removal chamber 140, as well as characteristics (e.g., material) of the hydrophilic material 150 and the sizing of the liquid conduit 160 may be selected based on an expected flow rate and amount of liquid (e.g., slug concentration). For example, if high liquid concentrations (i.e., slugs) are expected frequently at a high flow rate, this may suggest a relatively larger liquid removal chamber 140 to store the liquid, a hydrophilic material 150 with a higher permeability, and a larger liquid conduit 160 to hold and channel that liquid.
The liquid removal chamber 140 may have one or more perimeter walls coated with or formed from hydrophilic material 150. As shown in
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this present disclosure, but that the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.
