Patent Grant
11201409
The present application is based on PCT filing PCT/JP2018/035167, filed Sep. 21, 2018, which claims priority to JP 2017-188509, filed Sep. 28, 2017, the entire contents of each are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a patch antenna including a patch element having a curved surface or a bent surface shape, and an antenna device including said patch antenna.
In a conventional patch antenna, since a patch element as a radiation electrode is planar, a directivity in a direction perpendicular to the patch element is high, that is, a half-value angle (range of a directivity angle from a gain peak to −3 dB) is narrow.
Patent Literature 1: JP-A-2003-347838
As described above, the conventional patch antenna has the narrow half-value angle, in other words, a gain on a lateral side of a patch antenna in a direction parallel to the patch element is low. Therefore, the conventional patch antenna is not suitable for use in transmitting and receiving a radio wave in a wide angle range.
The present invention has been made in view of circumstances, and an object of the present invention to provide a patch antenna and an antenna device that can transmit and/or receive a radio wave in a wide angle range by forming a patch element into a curved surface or a bent surface to widen a half-power angle in directional characteristics.
An aspect of the present invention is a patch antenna. The patch antenna includes a patch element, and a ground conductor facing the patch element, in which the patch element is convex toward a side opposite to a side facing the ground conductor.
It is preferable that the patch element is convex while centering around at least one center line, end portions on both sides of the patch element are positioned across the center line to face each other, and surfaces parallel to a direction toward the ground conductor from the respective end portions on the both sides at the shortest distance intersect or become a same surface.
It is preferable that the patch element has a plate shape that is curved and bent at a central portion.
It is preferable that a power is fed at one end portion side of the patch element in a direction of the center line.
It is preferable that wave sources are positioned at both end portions of the patch element in the direction of the center line.
It is preferable that the patch element has an outer surface on a side opposite to a side facing the ground conductor, one end portion of the outer surface is directed to a first direction, and the other end portion is directed to a second direction opposite to the first direction.
It is preferable that the patch element has a ridge line.
It is preferable that a dielectric body is provided between the patch element and the ground conductor.
It is preferable that an inner conductor of a coaxial cable is connected to the patch element, and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the ground conductor.
Another aspect of the present invention is an antenna device. The antenna device includes said patch antenna.
It is preferable that the patch antenna is supported by a vehicle body so as to be used for vertically polarized waves.
Any combinations of the above constituent elements, and expressions of the present invention that are converted in methods and systems are also effective as aspects of the present invention.
According to the present invention, since the patch antenna includes the patch element having the curved surface or the bent surface shape, a half-value angle in directional characteristics can be widened, so that a radio wave can be transmitted and/or received in a wide angle range.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same or equivalent components, members, processes, or the like illustrated in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the embodiments are not intended to limit the invention but are examples, and all the features and combinations thereof described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to the invention.
First, a patch antenna 1 will be described with reference to
The patch element 10 is formed by bending a planar metal plate conductor into a bent surface shape (here, including a shape by bending a plane such that one or a plurality of ridge lines are formed) convex toward a side opposite to a side facing the ground conductor plate 20. The patch element 10 is convex while centering around at least one center line. Further, end portions on both sides of the patch element 10 are positioned across the center line, and surfaces parallel to a direction toward the ground conductor plate 20 from the end portions on the both sides at the shortest distance intersect or become the same surface. That is, the patch element 10 has a plate shape that is curved and bent at a central portion. Specifically, the patch element 10 is formed by bending the sheet metal conductor so as to have four ridge lines, and an outer surface 11 (a surface on an opposite side to a surface on the side facing the ground conductor plate 20) that does not face the ground conductor plate 20 has five rectangular planes partitioned by the four ridge lines in an upper-lower direction (parallel to the center line). That is, the outer surface 11 of the patch element 10 has a front surface portion 12, first side surface portions 13A, 13B that are bent from the front surface portion 12, and second side surface portions 14A, 14B that are bent from the first side surface portions 13A, 13B so as to be perpendicular to the front surface portion 12. At this time, the center line is parallel to two ridge lines sandwiching the front surface portion 12, and is positioned in the middle of the two ridge lines. When the patch element 10 is viewed from the front, the first side surface portion 13A and the second side surface portion 14A are directed leftward, and the first side surface portion 13B and the second side surface portion 14B are directed rightward. As a result, the patch element 10 has a predetermined length L in a front-rear direction (a direction orthogonal to the front surface portion) (
The ground conductor plate 20 is formed by bending a planar metal plate conductor so as to have four ridge lines similarly to the patch element 10, and has portions respectively parallel to the front surface portion 12, the first side surface portions 13A, 13B, and the second side surface portions 14A, 14B. Further, in the ground conductor plate 20, a hole 21 is provided in a region including an position facing a center of an upper side of the front surface portion 12 of the patch element 10 and a periphery thereof.
The dielectric body 30 is, for example, an ABS resin and is sandwiched between the patch element 10 and the ground conductor plate 20. The dielectric body 30 is molded in advance in accordance with a bent shape of the patch element 10. The patch element 10 and the ground conductor plate 20 are integrated by the dielectric body 30 interposed therebetween, and the patch element 10 is held by the ground conductor plate 20 via the dielectric body 30.
A power feeding conductor 19, that is a thin sheet strip-shaped conductor (may be pin-shaped), penetrates the hole 21 in a non-contact manner and connects an inner conductor 41 of the coaxial cable 40 and the patch element 10. For example, the power feeding conductor 19 may be formed by bending a strip-shaped conductor portion integral with the patch element 10. An outer conductor 42 of the coaxial cable 40 is sandwiched by a pair of clamping pieces 22 provided on the ground conductor plate 20, and is connected to the ground conductor plate 20.
In the patch antenna 1, the power feeding conductor 19 is connected to the patch element 10 at an end surface of the patch element 10 for impedance matching with characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable 40 (a power feeding point 45 is positioned at a height of the end surface of the patch element 10). The power feeding conductor 19 may be connected to the patch element 10 at a position (for example, a position below the end surface) other than the end surface of the patch element 10 as long as the impedance matching with the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable 40 can be performed. In addition, in the patch antenna 1, the power feeding conductor 19 is connected to the patch element 10 at a central position of the patch element 10 when the patch element 10 is viewed in a horizontal plane (the power feeding point 45 is positioned at the central position of the patch element 10 when the patch element 10 is viewed in the horizontal plane). This is because, when the power geed point 45 is shifted from the central position of the patch element 10 with viewing the patch element 10 in the horizontal plane, distances from the power feeding point 45 to left and right ends of the patch element 10 are different on the left and right, and unnecessary resonance may occur in the patch antenna 1. As shown in
The patch antenna 1 does not have a short-circuit conductor such as an inverted F-shaped antenna.
The SXM antenna 81 and the GNSS antenna 82 are patch antennas configuring a planar antenna and have a directivity upward. The AM/FM broadcast receiving antenna 83 has a series connection between a capacitance loading element 84 being a conductive plate and a coil 85. The capacitance loading element 84 has, for example, a meandering shape. In addition, the coil 85 may be disposed substantially at a center of the antenna device 60 for a vehicle or may be offset therefrom. The patch antenna 1 for the V2X communication is arranged so as to erect vertically on the antenna base 71 by fixing the ground conductor plate 20 to the antenna base 71, and is arranged such that the front surface portion 12 of the patch element 10 is directed rearward. In addition, in a state in which the antenna device 60 for a vehicle is attached on the vehicle body roof, the patch element 10 of the patch antenna 1 forms a substantially vertical plane and is supported by the vehicle body, and the patch antenna 1 is used for the vertically polarized waves.
According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be achieved.
(1) In the patch antenna 1 including the patch element 10 and the ground conductor plate 20 facing the patch element 10, the patch element 10 has the bent surface shape formed by bending the metal plate conductor so as to have the four ridge lines, and is convex toward the side opposite to the side facing the ground conductor plate 20, so that the half-value angle can be made wider than a general patch antenna using the planar patch element.
(2) The patch element 10 has the outer surface 11 on the opposite side to the side facing the ground conductor plate 20, and has a shape in which the first side surface portion 13A and the second side surface portion 14A respectively bent with respect to the front surface portion 12 being a central portion of the outer surface 11 are directed leftward, and the first side surface portion 13B and the second side surface portion 14B are directed rightward, so that the half-value angle can be widened to 180° or more.
(3) By setting the first side surface portion 13A and the second side surface portion 14A directed leftward and the first side surface portion 13B and the second side surface portion 14B directed rightward to an appropriate length, the occurrence of the unnecessary resonance (resonance by a second mode) can be suppressed while maintaining the half-value angle at 180° or more. This point will be described later.
(4) The outer surface 11 of the patch element 10 is a polygonal surface on which the first side surface portion 13A, 13B, and the second side surface portion 14A, 14B are formed so as to have the ridge lines with respect to the front surface portion 12, and has a structure suitable for connecting the coaxial cable 40. That is, by ensuring an enough width of the front surface portion 12, a connection work to the coaxial cable 40 can be easily performed.
The reason why the patch element of the patch antenna is a curved surface or a bent surface will be described below with reference to
a. Expansion of Half-Value Angle
In the patch antenna 7 according to the comparative example of
In the patch antenna 2 according to the second embodiment shown in
In the patch antenna 3 according to the third embodiment shown in
As shown in
Further, the patch element may be directed only to the front and left or only to the front and right (the horizontal cross section of the patch element has an L shape). Since the patch antenna has a high directivity in a direction perpendicular to the patch element, in this case, the half-value angle is larger than that of the planar patch element of the normal patch antenna. However, the half-value angle of the patch antenna is smaller than that of the patch antenna 1 according to the first embodiment and the patch antenna 3 according to the third embodiment in which the patch elements are directed not only to the front but also to the left and right.
b. Suppression of Unnecessary Resonance (Resonance by Second Mode)
In a case of the patch antenna designed for the V2X communication, a resonance mode of the patch antenna includes a dominant mode that resonates at the frequency of 5.9 GHz for the V2X communication and a second mode that resonates at a frequency other than the frequency of 5.9 GHz.
In the fourth embodiment, a radius of curvature of the patch element 104 is the same as that of the patch element 103 in the third embodiment shown in
As can be seen from results of
c. Presence of Coaxial Cable
The simulation of
The patch element 105 according to the fifth embodiment has a bent surface shape formed by bending a planar metal plate conductor so as to have two ridge lines, and an outer surface 115 has three rectangular planes partitioned by the two ridge lines in the upper-lower direction. That is, the outer surface 115 of the patch element 105 has a front surface portion 125, and side surface portions 135A, 135B that are bent perpendicularly to the front surface portion 125, respectively. When the patch element 105 is viewed from the front, the side surface portion 135A is directed leftward and the side surface portion 135B is directed rightward. The ground conductor plate 205 is formed by bending a planar metal plate conductor so as to have two ridge lines similarly to the patch element 105, and has portions respectively parallel to the front surface portion 125 and the side surface portions 135A, 135B. A length L of the patch element 105 in a front-rear direction is set to the same length as that in the first embodiment. Other configurations are similar to those in the first embodiment.
That is, in order to shorten the length of the patch antenna in the horizontal cross section while maintaining that the patch element is directed not only to the front but also to the left and right and the half-value angle is 180°, the patch element 10 of the patch antenna 1 in the first embodiment is formed into a bent surface shape having the four ridge lines, and is provided with the first side surface portions 13A, 13B between the second side surface portions 14A, 14B orthogonal to the front surface portion 12 and the front surface portion 12 (close to a circular arc-shaped curved surface).
In the sixth embodiment, the half-value angle of 180° or more including the front of the vehicle body can be ensured. Other operations and effects are similar to those of the first embodiment described above.
Although the present invention has been described above by taking the embodiments as an example, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to each component and each processing process of the embodiments within the scope of the appended claims. Hereinafter, a modification will be described.
In each embodiment, a space by omitting the dielectric body may be used as long as the patch element and the ground conductor plate can be held at the predetermined interval.
In addition, as long as the outer surface of the patch element is a curved surface shape convex toward the outside, the number of ridge lines may be any number, and the outer surface of the patch element may be a combination of a curved surface having no ridge line and a flat surface.
In the embodiments described above, the patch antenna 1 has been described as being used for, for example, the V2X communication. Here, the patch antenna 1 performs the V2X communication based on DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) under IEEE 802.11p standard or based on C-V2X (Cellular-V2X) standard. In addition, the case where the patch antenna 1 resonates at the frequency of 5.9 GHz for the V2X communication has been described, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the patch antenna 1 may operate at another frequency to perform the V2X communication.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017-188509 | Sep 2017 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/035167 | 9/21/2018 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/065531 | 4/4/2019 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20030216793 | Karlsson | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20070241978 | Cheng | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070257843 | Gooshchin | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20120306721 | Okegawa | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20190131699 | Shamblin | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20200127381 | Sone | Apr 2020 | A1 |
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| 2003-347838 | Dec 2003 | JP |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200127381 A1 | Apr 2020 | US |
