Patent Grant
9149594
The present invention relates to patient interface systems for delivery of a flow of breathable gas to a patient. The present invention also relates to patient interface systems that may include adhesive(s) to support the patient interface in engagement with the patient and/or a patient interface positioning and/or support structure.
The use of positive airway pressure (PAP) for the treatment of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), was disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,310. Treatment using PAP, which may be continuous PAP (CPAP), involves the use of a patient interface which is attached to the patient's face for the provision of the flow of breathable gas. PAP treatment involving the use of a patient interface that is sealingly attached to the wearer's face may be referred to as closed PAP.
Mild or moderate cases of SDB may not be suitable for treatment using closed PAP methods. For example, patients who experience mild sleep apnea, or who may snore, may not gain a significant benefit from the use of closed PAP treatment. In addition, such patients may tend to resist treatment as closed PAP treatment methods generally are obtrusive.
For patients that require a higher prescribed pressure for treatment of OSA, a patient interface, e.g. a mask, that forms a seal with the patient's airways may be required. However, the patient may find adapting to current interfaces difficult. For example, the patient may have difficulty sleeping in a familiar, comfortable position once the mask, including the headgear and air delivery hose, are fitted to the patient to provide the required seal. Although the mask is capable of providing a seal and the prescribed pressure, the patient may be reluctant to use the mask due to the problem of sleeping comfortably while wearing the mask. This may result in the patient abandoning the treatment.
One aspect relates to patient interface systems for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient's airways while sealing the patient's airways.
Another aspect relates to patient interface systems that are securable to the patient using an adhesive. Still another aspect relates to the use of adhesive that adheres to the patient's face and the patient interface structure that engages the patient's nose. A further aspect relates to the use of adhesive to secure the patient interface structure to the patient and the adhesive is adhesively or mechanically connected to the patient interface structure.
Another aspect relates to the use of adhesive to position and stabilize the patient interface structure to deliver a flow of breathable gas. Still other aspects relate to the use of adhesive and additional fastening arrangements, such as hook and loop fastening material, magnets, interference fittings, or electrostatic connectors, to position and stabilize the patient interface structure. Even further aspects relate to additional positioning and stabilizing arrangements usable with or without adhesive.
Yet another aspect relates to a patient interface system that includes adhesive to adhere the patient interface structure to the face of the patient and permits the repositioning of the patient interface structure while the patient interface structure remains adhered to the face of the patient.
A further aspect relates to patient interface systems that are securable to the patient using adhesive and that provide for dilation of the patient's nasal passageways.
Still another aspect relates to a patient interface system that includes an inflatable nozzle, such as a nasal pillow, that is configured to expand and sealingly engage the patient's nares upon the application of a flow of breathable gas. Another aspect relates to support for the patient interface structure including the inflatable nozzle which may be secured across the bridge of the patient's nose with adhesive.
Yet another aspect relates to patient interface structure that includes an inflatable membrane that may be connected to the inflatable nozzles.
According to a sample embodiment, a patient interface system for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient comprises a patient interface structure configured to sealingly engage the patient's nares; a pair of arms configured to be connected to opposite sides of the patient interface structure; and adhesive configured to secure the patient interface structure in sealing engagement with the patient's nares, wherein the adhesive is provided on the arms, and the arms are configured to be adhered to sides of the patient's nose by the adhesive.
Another aspect of the present technology is a two part arrangement. A first part is adhesively secured to the face of the patient, e.g. sides of the nose. A second part, comprising a seal forming structure such as nasal pillows, is removably attachable to the first part. Removable attachment between the first and second parts may be achieved by a range of mechanisms such as adhesive and mechanical interlocking structures such as hook and loop material or interlocking fasteners, e.g. manufactured by 3M Corporation.
According to another sample embodiment, a patient interface system for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient comprises a first component comprising adhesive on a first side and a first fastener element on a second side, wherein the adhesive is configured to adhere the component to the face of the patient; and a patient interface structure configured to sealingly engage the patient's airways, the patient interface structure including a second component comprising a second fastener element configured to engage the first fastener element of the first strip to secure the patient interface structure in sealing engagement with the patient's face. The patient interface structure is repositionable by disengaging the second component from the first component and reengaging the second component with the first component.
According to a further sample embodiment, a patient interface system for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient comprises a patient interface structure, the patient interface structure including a base portion defining a breathing cavity configured to receive the flow of breathable gas through an aperture in the patient interface structure, pair of nasal pillows or prongs configured to engage the nares of the patient to deliver the flow of breathable gas from the breathing cavity to the patient; and adhesive on the pair of nasal pillows or prongs configured to secure the patient interface structure to the patient.
According to a still further sample embodiment, a patient interface system for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient comprises a patient interface structure comprising a pair of nasal prongs or pillows configured to sealingly engage the patient's nares; and at least one spring configured to bias the nasal prongs or pillows outwards into engagement with the nares of the patient.
According to yet another sample embodiment, a patient interface system for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient comprises a patient interface support structure configured to be connected to a hose that delivers the flow of breathable gas; a pair of nasal pillows supported by the patient interface support structure, wherein each nasal pillow is configured to inflate and seal against an interior of the patient's nares by an increase of pressure in the patient interface support structure from receipt of the flow of breathable gas; a support member configured to engage a bridge of the patient's nose; and a connecting member configured to connect the support member and the patient interface support structure.
According to a further sample embodiment, a patient interface system for delivering a flow of breathable gas to a patient comprises a patient interface structure configured to sealingly engage the face of the patient; and a retaining element configured for application to the patient, said retaining element being configured to support the patient interface structure in sealing engagement with the face of the patient, the retaining element comprising an adhesive and/or at least one strap. The patient interface structure is configured to be released from and re-engaged with the retaining element for re-positioning of the patient interface structure relative to the patient's face in a plurality of positions while the retaining element remains supported by the patient
Other aspects, features, and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are a part of this disclosure and which illustrate, by way of example, principles of this invention.
The accompanying drawings facilitate an understanding of the various sample embodiments, wherein:
a and 3b are schematic front and side views of an interface system according to a sample embodiment including the patient interface structure of
a and 8b schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a and 11b schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a-13f schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a and 20b schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a-50c schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a and 51b schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a and 52b schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a and 59b schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a and 60b schematically illustrate a nasal cradle and adhesive for positioning an interface system according to a sample embodiment;
a and 63b schematically illustrate an adhesive strip for positioning an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
a and 65b schematically illustrate an interface system according to another sample embodiment;
The following description is provided in relation to several sample embodiments which may share common characteristics and features. It is to be understood that one or more features of any one embodiment may be combinable with one or more features of the other embodiments. In addition, any single feature or combination of features in any of the sample embodiments may constitute additional embodiments.
In this specification, the word “comprising” is to be understood in its “open” sense, that is, in the sense of “including”, and thus not limited to its “closed” sense, that is the sense of “consisting only of.” A corresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words “comprise”, “comprised” and “comprises” where they appear.
The term “air” will be taken to include breathable gases, for example air with supplemental oxygen. It is also acknowledged that the blowers described herein may be designed to pump fluids other than air.
As used herein, the term “patient interface structure” refers to a structure configured to engage the face of a patient and deliver the flow of breathable gas to the patient's airways.
1.0 Positioning and Stabilizing Using Adhesive
Adhesive may be used to secure the patient interface structure in engagement with the patient's airways. Adhesive that is intended to engage the face of the patient will be referred to as the patient adhesive. The patient adhesive may engage the patient's face and position and stabilize the patient interface structure on the face of the user, but it is not necessary for forming a sealing engagement of the patient interface with the user. The patient adhesive may be repositionable to allow the patient to adjust the position of the patient interface structure. In general, the patient adhesive may be mechanically fixed to the patient interface structure or adhesively fixed to the patient interface structure. In the following sections a range of technologies that do not require adhesive will be described as mechanical fixation. However in some forms adhesive may be used. Adhesive fixation includes the use of adhesive to join the patient adhesive to the patient interface structure.
1.1.1 Mechanical Fixation First Embodiment
Referring to
The studs 2004 are each configured to be connected to a patient adhesive strip 2010 that includes a hole 2012 at a first end. The studs 2004 are inserted through the holes 2012 of the patient adhesive strip 2010 to secure the patient adhesive strips 2010 to the patient interface structure. The top portion of stud 2004 may be wider than hole 2012 such that the stud is secured in position once placed through the hole by an interference fit. The holes 2012 may be reinforced to prevent damage to, or degradation of, the patient adhesive strips 2010. The patient adhesive strips 2010 may be connected to the studs 2004 such that the patient adhesive strips 2010 are rotatable with respect to the patient interface structure 2000 in order to locate the patient adhesive strips 2010 in the desired position on the face of the patient 1. As shown in
The patient adhesive strips 2010 may be generally elliptical, rectangular, or any other desired shape. As shown in
It should also be appreciated that the patient adhesive strips 2010 may include tabs or studs that are configured to be inserted into holes or apertures provided in the patient interface structure 2000. It should also be appreciated that the patient adhesive strips 2010 may include adhesive in selected or localized regions, for example, at the distal end that engages the side of the patient's nose.
This embodiment demonstrates an aspect of the present technology where the adhesive is used to locate the patient interface in position however remains separate from the sealing of the patient interface to the patient.
1.1.2 Mechanical Fixation Second Embodiment
Referring to
1.1.3 Mechanical Fixation Third Embodiment
Referring to
The locking tabs 2022 may be molded onto the patient adhesive strips 2020. It should also be appreciated that the locking tabs 2022 may be adhered to the patient adhesive strips 2020. It should further be appreciated that the locking tabs 2022 may be secured within a portion of the patient adhesive strip 2020 by wrapping the patient adhesive strip 2020 around the locking tab 2022. The wrapped portion of the patient adhesive strip 2020 may be secured by adhesive, stitching, or any other securement method. The locking tabs 2022 may be secured to the patient adhesive strip 2020 by any other securement method.
The loops 2018 may be integrally formed with the patient interface structure 2000, or they may be separately provided, e.g. clipped or glued, onto the patient interface structure 2000. As shown in
As shown in
1.1.4 Mechanical Fixation Fourth Embodiment
Referring to
1.1.5 Mechanical Fixation Fifth Embodiment
Referring to
Although a single adhesive strip 2084 is shown for each corresponding connector 2082 in
1.1.6 Mechanical Fixation Sixth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.1 Adhesive Fixation First Embodiment
Referring to
The adhesive may be a sticky element that can mechanically or chemically join or bond two adjacent members, e.g. the cushion 504 and the nose of the patient 1. The adhesive is configured to maintain the patient interface system, including the cushion 504, in place while minimizing obtrusiveness. The patient interface system allows the patient to sleep in any position and does not obscure any part of the patient's face, thereby enabling the patient to wear, for example, eye glasses or an eye shield. The attachment of the adhesive to the patient's face is simple and intuitive and provides a user friendly interface. Compared to other patient interface structures and systems currently available, for example ResMed's SWIFT II™, the adhesively secured patient interface system of
In a sample embodiment, the adhesive may be used to locate the patient interface system on the face of the patient 1. In one form, the adhesive may not impart any force on the sealing mechanism of the interface system. That is, the sealing of the interface, including the cushion 504, is independent or isolated from its attachment to the patient's face. This means that the interface system will be more comfortable for the patient to wear as less force will be imposed on the face of the patient by the adhesive. In other sample embodiments, the adhesive may not be the only structure that can locate or locate and seal the interface to the patient's face. For example, a headgear may be used in conjunction with an adhesive to locate the interface.
In one sample embodiment, the cushion 504 may seal on the nares and/or mouth of the patient by, for example, a dual wall silicone, foam, or gel cushion. In another sample embodiment, the cushion may not seal on the nares and/or mouth of the patient and may comprise, for example, nasal cannula(e).
1.2.2 Adhesive Fixation Second Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.3 Adhesive Fixation Third Embodiment
Referring to
The cushion 504 may comprise an aperture 522 configured to receive the sealing ring 502. The cushion further defines a nasal breathing cavity 520 into which the flow of breathable gas is delivered by the tube 6.
As shown in
1.2.4 Adhesive Fixation Fourth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.5 Adhesive Fixation Fifth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.6 Adhesive Fixation Sixth Embodiment
As shown in
1.2.7 Adhesive Fixation Seventh Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.8 Adhesive Fixation Eighth Embodiment
As shown in
1.2.9 Adhesive Fixation Ninth Embodiment
Referring to
The cannula branches 2a, 2b may be connected to the patient interface structure 2000 for delivery of the flow of breathable gas to a nasal breathing cavity defined by the patient interface structure 2000. For example, the patient interface structure 2000 may include apertures that receive the cannula branches 2a, 2b. As another example, the cannula branches 2a, 2b may be connected to the patient interface structure 2000 such that the cannula branches 2a, 2b extend through the patient interface structure 2000 for insertion into the nares of the patient's nose.
In a variant, the patient interface structure 2000 may include nasal prongs or pillows and the interface system may include a headgear, e.g. a strap, and/or the adhesive tape 510.
1.2.10 Adhesive Fixation Tenth Embodiment
Referring to
A second strap 514 may be connected at opposite ends to the strap 512 and extend across the bridge of the patient's nose. The strap 514 may comprise an adhesive to assist in securing the patient interface structure 2000 in position with the patient's nose, for example when tube drag forces act on the patient interface structure 2000.
The flow of breathable gas may be delivered to the patient interface structure 2000 by a cannula 2 that comprises two cannula branches 2a, 2b that extend along each side of the patient's face. The cannula branches 2a, 2b may be secured to the strap 512 to further reduce the effects of tube drag forces.
1.2.11 Adhesive Fixation Eleventh Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.12 Adhesive Fixation Twelfth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.13 Adhesive Fixation Thirteenth Embodiment
Referring to
In a variant shown in
1.2.14 Adhesive Fixation Fourteenth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.15 Adhesive Fixation Fifteenth Embodiment
Referring to
The nasal pillows may be as disclosed, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publications 2007/0144525 A1 and 2006/0283461 A1, and International Application PCT/AU2008/001557, filed Oct. 22, 2008, the entire contents of each being incorporated herein by reference. It should also be appreciated that the nasal pillows may be as described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,318,437, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. It should further be appreciated that in addition to nasal pillows, the patient interface structure may include nasal pillows or prongs as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,832 (Trimble), U.S. Pat. No. 7,201,169 (Wilkie et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 7,059,328 (Wood), and WO 2000/074758 (Lovell). It should also be appreciated that the cannula(e) and/or nasal pillows or prongs may include features configured to diffuse the flow of air so that noise may be reduced. Such features are disclosed in, for example U.S. Patent Application Publication 2009/0044808 A1, and WO 2008/014543 A1, the entire contents of each being incorporated herein by reference.
1.2.16 Adhesive Fixation Sixteenth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.17 Adhesive Fixation Seventeenth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.18 Adhesive Fixation Eighteenth Embodiment
Referring to
1.2.19 Adhesive Fixation Nineteenth Embodiment
As shown in
1.2.20 Adhesive Fixation Twentieth Embodiment
Referring to
Referring to
1.2.21 Adhesive Fixation Twenty-First Embodiment
Referring to
The adhesive 2120 may releasably adhere the strips 2116 to the face of the patient to permit adjustment of the fit of the patient interface structure 2000 to the face of the patient, as shown in
1.2.22 Adhesive Fixation Twenty-Second Embodiment
Referring to
Although the patient interface systems shown in
1.2.23 Adhesive Fixation Twenty-Third Embodiment
Referring to
An intermediate portion 2134 may be provided between the double sided adhesive strips 2130, 2132 to form an impermeable barrier and prevent contamination of each double sided adhesive strip 2130, 2132. It should be appreciated, however, that the double sided adhesive strips 2130, 2132 may be bonded together without an intermediate portion therebetween or that a single double sided adhesive strip may be provided to each connector strip 2128.
2.0 Positioning and Stabilizing Using Adhesive and Additional Fastening Arrangements
It may be desirable to provide fastening arrangements in addition to adhesive for positioning and stabilizing the patient interface structure in engagement with the patient's face. The use of additional fastening arrangements, or materials, permit the position of the patient interface structure and/or the position of the fastening arrangement to be adjusted to provide a comfortable fit while providing efficient therapy via the flow of breathable gas.
2.1.1 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material First Embodiment
Referring to
As shown in
The frame or support 2140 may be connected to the patient interface structure 2000 by any method, for example, gluing, co-molding or interference fit. It should also be appreciated that the hook and loop fastener material 2138, 2142 may be formed of any material, such as metal or plastic.
2.1.2 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Second Embodiment
Referring to
As shown in
2.1.3 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Third Embodiment
Referring to
The hook material 2202 is configured to engage with loop material provided on an adhesive nasal strip (not shown, but may be similar to, for example, the adhesive strip 2136 shown in
A wire 2204 may be connected between the connectors 2200. For example, the ends of the wire 2204 may be connected to the connectors 2200 by adhesive strips on which the hook material 2202 is provided. The wire 2204 may be preloaded to force the patient's nostrils to flare outwards when the hook material 2202 is connected to the loop material of the adhesive nasal strip that is adhered across the bridge of the patient's nose.
The wire may be formed, for example, of metal and may be connected to the loop or hook material 2202 by adhesive or co-molding, or any other mechanism.
2.1.4 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Fourth Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.5 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Fifth Embodiment
Referring to
The head strap 2210 loops around the patient's head and hooks over the patient's ears to avoid the patient's eyes. The nose cap 2212 may be configured to cover all, or part, of the patient's nose. The head strap 2210 and/or the nose cap 2212 may be made from a rigid material, or a flexible material (e.g. TPE), or a combination of rigid and flexible material.
It should be appreciated that the connectors 2208 may connect to the nose cap 2212 by other fastening mechanisms, for example, magnetic or electrostatic.
2.1.6 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Sixth Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.7 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Seventh Embodiment
Referring to
The hook fastener material 2168 is placed on the inner surface of the frame of a nasal mask, for example at the nasal bridge region. The loop fastener material 2168 in the frame of the nasal mask 2166 may need to be ‘built up’ or thickened so as to contact the patient's nose where the adhesive strip 2164 with corresponding hook fastener material is attached.
It should also be appreciated that the configuration shown is not the only possible location for attachment of the hook and loop materials. For example, the mask may be a full face mask and the adhesive strip(s) 2164 may be provided in, for example, the cheek region, the upper lip region, and/or a chin region. The hook and loop materials may also be in the reversed configuration, i.e. hook fastener material inside the mask and loop fastener material on the adhesive strip.
The embodiments shown in
The adhesive strip 2164 may be configured to extend across the bridge of the patient's nose but avoid the soft skin under the eyes. The adhesive strip 2164 may also be configured to not extend along the creases where the nose meets the sides of the patient's cheeks. The adhesive strip 2164 may also be configured not to cover areas of the patient's face that move. The adhesive strip 2164 may have an area that is large enough to assemble the patient interface structure to the adhesive strip and maintain the connection between the hook and loop fastener materials.
2.1.8 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Eighth Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.9 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Ninth Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.10 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Tenth Embodiment
As shown in
2.1.11 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Eleventh Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.12 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Twelfth Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.13 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Thirteenth Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.14 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Fourteenth Embodiment
As shown in
2.1.15 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Fifteenth Embodiment
Referring to
2.1.16 Adhesive and Hook and Loop Fastening Material Sixteenth Embodiment
As shown in
2.2.1 Positioning and Stabilizing Using Adhesive and Providing Nasal Dilation First Embodiment
Referring to
2.2.2 Positioning and Stabilizing Using Adhesive an Providing Nasal Dilation Second Embodiment
Referring to
2.3 Positioning and Stabilizing Nasal Cradle and Adhesive
Referring to
2.4 Positioning and Stabilizing Adhesive Strips with Multiple Contact Points
Referring to
As shown in
An adhesive strip 2158 may be provided to connect to the patient's face at four points, as shown in
It should also be appreciated that the connection between the strip(s) on the patient interface structure and the strip(s) on the patient may be formed by other methods, including, for example, friction or electrostatic connection.
3.0 Positioning and Stabilizing Using Additional Arrangements
3.1.1 Positioning and Stabilizing Additional Arrangement First Embodiment
Referring to
3.1.2 Positioning and Stabilizing Additional Arrangement Second Embodiment
As shown in
3.1.3 Positioning and Stabilizing Additional Arrangement Third Embodiment
As shown in
3.1.4 Positioning and Stabilizing Additional Arrangement Fourth Embodiment
Referring to
3.2 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear
3.2.1 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear First Embodiment
Referring to
3.2.2 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Second Embodiment
As shown in
The positioning and stabilizing structure 6036 may also include a connector 6038 that is configured to be connected to a vertical connector, such as for example the one shown in
As shown in
3.2.3 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Third Embodiment
Referring to
3.2.4 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Fourth Embodiment
A patient interface positioning and stabilizing structure 6060 according to another sample embodiment is shown in
3.2.5 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Fifth Embodiment
Referring to
3.2.6 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Sixth Embodiment
As shown in
3.2.7 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Seventh Embodiment
Referring to
3.2.8 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Eighth Embodiment
As shown in
3.2.9 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Ninth Embodiment
As shown in
3.2.10 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tenth Embodiment
Referring to
3.2.11 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Eleventh Embodiment
As shown in
3.2.12 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Twelfth Embodiment
Another sample embodiment is shown in
3.2.13 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Thirteenth Embodiment
As shown in
3.3 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs
3.3.1 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs First Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.2 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Second Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.3 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Third Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.4 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Fourth Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.5 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Fifth Embodiment
As shown in
3.3.6 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Sixth Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.7 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Seventh Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.8 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Eighth Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.9 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Ninth Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.10 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Tenth Embodiment
Referring to
3.3.11 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Eleventh Embodiment
As shown in
It should be appreciated that the tabs shown in
3.3.12 Positioning and Stabilizing—Headgear Tabs Twelfth Embodiment
Referring to
3.4 Positioning and Stabilizing—Elbow and Swivel
3.4.1 Positioning and Stabilizing—Elbow and Swivel First Embodiment
Referring to
3.4.2 Positioning and Stabilizing—Elbow and Swivel Second Embodiment
As shown in
The patient interface structure 6000 may include a vent 6133 that is integrally formed with the patient interface structure 6000. It should be appreciated that the vent 6133 may be provided as a separate part that is attached to the patient interface structure 6000.
3.4.3 Positioning and Stabilizing—Elbow and Swivel Third Embodiment
Referring to
4.1 Patient Interface with Inflatable Pillows First Embodiment
Referring to
The patient interface structure 5010 may include a support 5070 that is configured to engage the bridge of the patient's nose to support the patient interface system 5000 in sealing engagement with the patient's nares. The support 5070 may be connected to the patient interface support structure 5010 by a connecting member 5060.
4.2 Patient Interface with Inflatable Pillows Second Embodiment
Referring to
4.3 Patient Interface with Inflatable Pillows Third Embodiment
Referring to
The support 5070 and the connecting member 5060 may be integrally formed with the patient interface support structure 5010, for example as shown in
As shown in
4.4 Patient Interface with Inflatable Pillows Fourth Embodiment
Referring to
A flexible membrane support 5430 is connected to the flexible membrane 5300 by connectors 5400, 5410. A stop 5420 may be provided to the flexible membrane support 5430 to prevent the flexible membrane 5300 from being overinflated.
The patient interface system 5000 may comprise the support 5070 and the support 5070 may be connected to the flexible membrane support 5430 by a connecting member (not shown), such as shown in
The nose may act as a bearing for the inflated membrane 5300. The contact pressure for inflating the membrane 5300 and sealing the pillows 5020 is adjusted by the therapy pressure and not by the mounting system of the patient interface at the patient's head. The inflatable membrane 5300 is mounted to the bellows 5050 which keep the membrane 5300 in position and movements of the remaining patient interface system, e.g. the patient interface support structure, are offset. The combination of the elastic membrane and the bellows 5050 enables freedom of movement of the patient interface support structure 5010, for example movement caused by tube drag, before leakage occurs.
5.0 Leak Guards
As shown in
Referring to
The leak guards shown in
6.0 Adhesive Properties
In the sample embodiments discussed above, the adhesive can be connected to the interface in such a way that the patient interface structure and adhesive may be simultaneously removed and replaced. The swivel ring can be permanently fixed to the adhesive tape, air delivery tube or patient interface structure. The patient interface structure may be fixed to the adhesive tape.
The adhesive and interface should not leave visible signs of CPAP use following treatment, for example pressure sores or messed up hair. This will increase patient comfort and compliance with treatment. The adhesive also should not leave a residue on the patient's face. However, if a residue does remain, it should be easily removed, for example by a wet cloth or alcohol swab.
The adhesive and interface may be durable. Alternatively, the adhesive and/or interface may be disposable. There may also be an ‘end of life’ indicator on the adhesive and/or interface to alert the patient to change their adhesive and/or interface or part thereof. This is to improve hygiene and interface function.
The adhesive may be formed in strips that are, for example, generally rectangular. Such strips may be aligned on the patient's face in positions (vectors) that are sufficient to locate or locate and seal the interface to the nares and/or mouth of the patient. Alternatively, the strips may be triangular, circular or any other desired shape. In another form, an adhesive fitting guide may be provided with the interface, for example alignment markings on the adhesive, drawings and descriptions of correctly aligned interfaces.
The adhesive and interface should be able to function with about 2 cm H2O-30 cmH2O pressure applied from a flow generator. In another form, the adhesive and interface should be able to function with about 4 cm H2O-12 cm H2O pressure applied from a flow generator. It should be appreciated that these pressures are for use of the interface with a CPAP apparatus, i.e. an apparatus in which the interface sealingly engages the patient's airways. Other pressure ranges may be possible with different apparatus, e.g. an apparatus in which the interface does not sealingly engage the patient's airways.
In one form, the adhesive may have a high tensile strength.
The tensile strength of the adhesive may be related to the size of the adhesive strip. The adhesive may have a higher tensile strength on smaller adhesive strips and may have a lower tensile strength on larger adhesive strips.
The adhesive may also be flexible. This allows the adhesive to conform to multiple areas of the face, for example cheeks and/or nose.
The adhesive may be able to endure the different environmental conditions found across the world, for example, humidity, temperature, and wind chill.
The adhesive may be no more than about 10 mm thick.
Preferably, the adhesive may remain sticky during the patient's sleep, for example, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours.
The adhesive may be biocompatible. In another form, the adhesive may be biodegradable.
The adhesive may be zinc oxide based, synthetic rubber (e.g. hydrocolloid), acrylic, silicone gel, polyurethane, hydrocolloid, etc.
The adhesive may be clear. Alternatively, the adhesive may be neutral or skin toned. Alternatively, the adhesive may be any color. In another form, the color of the adhesive may be used as an ‘end of life’ indicator, e.g. fade to white when it needs to be disposed of.
The adhesive strips, hook and loop fastener material, and any other material used in the interface system may be transparent, neutral or skin toned to be as unobtrusive as possible. The adhesive strips, hook and loop fastener material or any other material may be colored or patterned to suit various users. For example, pink may be provided for female users.
The adhesive may be covered after use with a non-adhesive strip, or release paper. The adhesive may be covered after multiple uses with the non-adhesive strip. For example, the adhesive may be re-covered at least 5 times without losing integrity. Additionally, the non-adhesive strip may be used to package and store the adhesive for long periods. The adhesive should not deteriorate while in storage.
The adhesive on the strip may not cover the entire surface of the adhesive strip. For example, the adhesive may selectively be applied to the adhesive strip to enable easier peel from the patient's face, better performance of the adhesive strip in shear, and/or to rest certain areas of the patient's skin with repeated use. For example, the adhesive may be applied in horizontal lines across the adhesive strip (when viewed in its in use orientation) so that the strip may perform better in shear and/or be easier to remove from the patient's skin when peeled laterally.
The interface should allow for venting. In another form, the adhesive may allow some/all venting to occur. For example, a vent hole(s) may be provided on the adhesive proximal to the interface to allow the passage of expired air from the patient.
The adhesive strips may have a non-sticky end. The non-sticky end will enable the user to easily remove the adhesive once applied. It also means that should the interface need to be removed quickly; it can be done so simply and intuitively. Alternatively, another form of a safety disconnect feature may be included with the interface, for example perforations between the adhesive and patient interface structure.
The adhesive and interface may be coupled with a chest strap. The chest strap may be releasably connected to the air delivery tube. The purpose of the chest strap is to provide more stability of the interface by preventing the air delivery tube from a wide range of movement. Such chest straps have been disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2009/0078259 A1, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The adhesive may be able to be sterilized.
The adhesive used to stick the fastener or loop material to the patient's face, e.g. the nose, may be a light switching adhesive. Light switching adhesives are sticky in the dark and when exposed to light, the stickiness deactivates/breaks down such that the strip would come off the nose more easily after exposure to light, for example after the patient wakes up and turns on the light or exposes the adhesive strip to sunlight. This is desirable for sleeping as the patient's bedroom may be dark while the patient sleeps and the strip will be adhered to the nose. When the patient wakes up and opens their curtains or turns on a light, the strip would come off more easily. Such light switching adhesives may be available from Lumina Adhesives of Göteburg, Sweden.
The adhesive may be an adhesive silicone gel. In addition to use on the patient interface structure and/or the connectors, the adhesive silicone gel may be used as an accessory for a masked designed for elderly patients, for example to promote healing of scars caused by ill fitting masks. The adhesive silicone gel may also be used with other components, for example cheek supports and/or forehead supports. The mineral oil used in adhesive silicone gels may also be provided in the patient interface structure and/or connectors and/or the patient interface positioning and stabilizing structure to enhance wound care and promote skin healing. Alternatively, or in addition to, aloe vera may be used in the patient interface structure and/or connectors and/or the patient interface positioning and stabilizing structure.
Adhesive silicone gel as described above is available as Cica-Care™, available from Smith & Nephew. The adhesive silicone gel may be provided, for example, on adhesive strips as described herein. The adhesive silicone gel may soften, flatten and/or fade red, dark and/or raised scars, and relieve itching and discomfort. Cica-Care™ is available as an adhesive silicone contained within a gel sheet. Research suggests that the adhesive silicone in the gel sheet occludes the skin to hydrate a scar area. Moisture is locked into the skin around the scar, reducing the blood supply and deposit of collagen, which is what the body uses to rebuild wounded skin. The adhesive silicone gel acts to make scar tissue paler in color, closer to the patient's natural skin color.
Other adhesives suitable for use with the sample embodiments described herein include zinc oxide adhesive, ultra-thin hydrocolloid (HDx) and Skinz Tape™. Skinz Tape™ may be used for neonatal care and adheres to skin and silicone. Such adhesives may be obtained from Kree Tech International Corporation Inc. of Quebec.
Scapa North America of Windsor, Conn. provides silicone gel adhesive, BioFlex™ adhesives, and acrylic adhesives that may be used with the sample embodiments disclosed herein.
Acrylic, porous, and electrically conductive adhesives, available from Adhesive Research of Glen Rock, Pa., may also be used with sample embodiments disclosed herein. Dissolvable films available from Adhesives Research are also usable with sample embodiments disclosed herein.
The adhesives used with sample embodiments disclosed herein may also be acrylic adhesives and/or synthetic rubber adhesives available from, for example, MACtac of Stow, Ohio, e.g. MACtac™ 8410.
Light switching, pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive may also be used with sample embodiments disclosed herein. Such adhesives are available from, for example, Lumina Adhesives of Goteborg, Sweden.
The adhesive strips described above placed over the bridge of the patient's nose may have perforated portions, for example in the regions positioned under the eyes and/or around the nose. The perforated portions may be easily torn off the adhesive strip to allow the patient to customize the shape of the adhesive strip to suit the patient's facial profile.
The adhesive may also be porous such that the adhesive itself is more flexible and conforming and allow the skin underneath the adhesive strip to move more readily. The adhesive may also be breathable. The adhesive may also be coated on a stretchable backing fabric that allows the skin to move more freely. The adhesive and/or the backing fabric may have a warming effect to relieve any jetting sensation from the flow of breathable gas.
The adhesive strip or patch may have an area in the range of 250 mm2 to 300 mm2, preferably 500 mm2 to 2500 mm2, more preferably 1,000 mm2 to 1,500 mm2
It should be appreciated that the patient interface structures disclosed above need not be limited to providing CPAP therapy, but may include any device that is attached to the nose under conditions where pressure on the face or back of the patient's head is not possible or advisable, for example for use with burn victims.
While the invention has been described in connection with what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the various embodiments described above may be implemented in conjunction with other embodiments, e.g., aspects of one embodiment may be combined with aspects of another embodiment to realize yet other embodiments. Further, each independent feature or component of any given assembly may constitute an additional embodiment. Furthermore, each individual component of any given assembly, one or more portions of an individual component of any given assembly, and various combinations of components from one or more embodiments may include one or more ornamental design features. In addition, while the invention has particular application to patients who suffer from OSA, it is to be appreciated that patients who suffer from other illnesses (e.g., congestive heart failure, diabetes, morbid obesity, stroke, barriatric surgery, etc.) can derive benefit from the above teachings. Moreover, the above teachings have applicability with patients and non-patients alike in non-medical applications.
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/478,537, filed Jun. 4, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,291,906, which claims priority to U.S. Applications 61/058,659, filed Jun. 4, 2008, and 61/080,847, filed Jul. 15, 2008, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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