Patent Application
20250092612
The present invention relates to a paving stone and a paving slab and to a paved surface and block paving composed thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a paving stone and a paving slab for producing paved surfaces and block paving.
In order for unbound paved surfaces to function for a long time under traffic load and/or under the action of horizontal forces, accepted engineering regulations, among other things standards, must be followed, among other things joint widths of on average approximately 4 to 6 mm for concrete paving stones. The unbound mode of construction with natural stone paving is, however, problematic in the case of traffic loads even below load class (BK) 0.3, while although the bound mode of construction with natural stone paving is suitable for higher traffic loads, it is associated with great specialist knowledge, high outlay and costs and also the absolute necessity for trained natural stone pavers, who there are very few of these days, to lay the stone and has a drainage coefficient of almost 1; this is unfavorable in terms of improving the climate in urban spaces.
What are referred to as eco paving stones with and without integrally molded elements are known for the purpose of displacement prevention with widened joints for increased permeability or production of cultivated-grass joints. In this case, when laid skillfully, the sides of the stones form joint widths of approximately 10 mm and more through the entire thickness of the stones with stones that abut one another and are the same. Owing to the universally widened joints, however, these paving-stone systems are suitable only for surfaces with a low traffic load, for example a garage entrance.
The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a paving stone and a paving slab for producing paved surfaces and block paving that can bear high loads and have increased water absorbency and subsequent higher evaporation after rainfalls.
This object is achieved according to the invention by a paving stone or paving slab, comprising a base, which is provided with a load-joint locking and displacement prevention means and has a multiplicity of base side faces and a head, which is arranged on the base and has a head upper side and a multiplicity of head side faces, the head on its head upper side having a smaller periphery in horizontal section than a nominal-dimension-based periphery of the base and the head side faces being designed such that, in the laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab, they form, together with a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or identical or similar paving slab, a surface joint with a surface-joint width which is the same as or larger than a load-joint width of a load joint between bases of adjacent identical or similar paving stones or identical or similar paving slabs, the joint axes of the load joint and of the surface joint lying one on top of the other in the polysurface and the load joint and the surface joint being connected to one another. The wording “connected to one another” is intended in particular to mean that the surface joint and the load joint merge into one another.
This object is also achieved by a paved surface or a block paving composed of multiple paving slabs as claimed in one of claims 1 to 20. In particular, paved surfaces and block paving comprising a multi-level joint system are provided.
In the case of the paving stone or the paving slab, it may be provided that the base has a greater height than the head. The reverse case is also conceivable.
According to a further particular embodiment, the base side faces extend vertically or from bottom to top obliquely inward. “Obliquely inward” is to be understood in particular to mean toward the interior of the paving stone or the paving slab.
In a particular embodiment, the base is quadrilateral in horizontal section. As an alternative to the “horizontal section”, attention can also be focused on the “horizontal projection”.
According to a further particular embodiment, the load-joint locking and displacement prevention means has at least one, preferably at least two, spacer cams on at least one of the base side faces for locking the load joints.
According to a further particular embodiment, the load-joint locking and displacement prevention means has at least two parallel, vertical, outwardly protruding, in particular strip-like, interlock portions on at least one of the base side faces for preventing displacement, which in the laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab interact with interlock portions on a base side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or an adjacent identical or similar paving slab, in particular in the manner of toothed racks or gearwheels.
The interlock portions preferably extend only on the base.
In a further particular embodiment, the load-joint locking and displacement prevention means has a load-joint locking device separate from a displacement prevention device.
Advantageously, the head is polygonal, in particular quadrilateral, for example rectangular, in horizontal section. As an alternative to the “horizontal section”, attention can also be focused on the “horizontal projection”.
The head side faces and the base side faces expediently extend in side-parallel fashion.
In a further particular embodiment, the head side faces extend downward with their cross sections widening, for example conically or concavely.
In a further particular embodiment, the paving stone or paving slab comprises a console which runs horizontally around the periphery, subdivides the paving stone or paving slab into the head and the base, and is designed such that, in combination with an associated head side face in the laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab, it, together with a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or an identical or similar paving slab, forms the surface joint. In other words, the surface joint results from the widths of the two consoles and of the load joint between the paving stones or paving slabs.
In particular, it may be provided in this case that the head side faces merge into the console.
It may also be provided that the head side faces extend, from a head upper side edge, at least initially substantially vertically downward.
According to a further particular embodiment, the console extends horizontally or has a tray-like form.
In a further particular embodiment, at least one joint-material stabilizing device is provided on at least one of the head side faces, preferably multiple joint-material stabilizing devices being provided on at least one of the head side faces, in particular at positions that are at regular or irregular intervals. The joint-material stabilizing devices serve to roughen stone material as joint material.
In a further particular embodiment, the paving stone or paving slab has at least one dummy joint, in particular at least one joint-material stabilizing device being provided in the dummy joint.
It may also be provided that the paving stone or the paving slab or only its base is made of concrete.
According to a further particular embodiment, it may be provided that the head is made of a different material than the base, in particular the head being fastened, for example by adhesive bonding, to the base.
In particular, it may be provided in this case that the head consists of natural stone, ceramic, glass, brick, wood, plastic or metal.
In a particular embodiment, the paved surface or the block paving comprises joint material in the surface joints for absorbing rainwater, preferably also for breaking down pollutants in rainwater.
Lastly, according to a further particular embodiment, it may be provided that the paving stones or paving slabs are configured and arranged such that straight profiles of the surface joints with identical surface-joint widths are produced, in particular the upper sides of the paving stones or paving slabs being flat, and/or being configured or arranged such that profiles of the surface joints with irregular surface-joint widths are produced.
The invention is based on the surprising finding that the special configuration of the paving stone or the paving slab makes it possible to achieve a load joint in the base region that is suitable for high traffic loads to at least BK 1.8 according to RStO [German guidelines for the standardization of the superstructure of traffic areas] 12 and has force-fitting displacement prevention and joint formation on all sides according to the accepted engineering regulations and, in the head region, a joint space in addition to the load-joint space for receiving joint material, for example for the purpose of higher evaporation capacity after rainfall owing to water-saturated joint material. in a manner which conserves resources and enables the bearing of high loads, through to BK 3.2.
Paved surfaces or block paving comprising the paving stones or paving slabs are permeable, have an additional joint space in the head region in comparison with the narrower load-joint space in the base region that can be used for filler material with the aim of as high as possible an evaporation potential after rainfall, and thus make a substantial contribution to mitigating urban heat islands and thus promoting the health of the residents.
The mode of construction with the paving stones or paving slabs is easy to implement, considerably cheaper than for example with natural stone paving, and sustainable.
At least in a particular embodiment, the paving stone or the paving slab meets the high requirements in relation to road construction, planning and laying by virtue of a joint system with displacement prevention means in the base region, while the paving stone or paving slab can be used for receiving additional joint material by means of differently and irregularly widened joint widths and depths, among other things for the purpose of rainwater evaporation and thus climate improvement, owing to a joint space in the head region that is preferably irregular, as arises from a joint structure which is provided with roughly hewn and slightly different stone lengths and widths and is irregular, as arises from laying natural paving stones.
The additional joint space in the head region may be differently emphasized, deep, narrow or wide.
In this case, surface-joint widths in the head region along a head side face may be the same at any point orthogonally to and on either side of the joint axis and from one side of the stone to the other, or, as in the case of hewn natural paving stones, may be widened differently and thus form a joint profile which is straight relative to the joint axis or runs naturally.
In a particular embodiment of the paved surface or the block paving, the natural joint appearance is also promoted by rotating and changing the position of individual paving stones or paving slabs in the stone mold.
Similarly, the joint structure is determined by individually projecting and recessed cobbled edges, sides and/or corners, broadly like in the case of broken or hewn natural paving stones with slightly varying stone lengths and widths. The paving stones positioned in this way can also be broadly relaid such that undesired, unnatural repetitions of the same stone surface points or features or visibly recurring joint patterns in each stone length are avoided with few stone-head variants. It may similarly be provided that each individual stone is molded in a manner deviating from the other stones in the stone mold.
At least in a particular embodiment, only the surface-joint width, joint structure and joint profile are variable, independently of the always identical load-joint widths in the base region. This enables exact grid spacings for diverse assemblies comprising other stone formats including displacement prevention means, without modifying the desired, above-described joint pattern in the surface.
In particular embodiments, the transition region extends from the head to the base initially vertically and where the base starts horizontally flatly or with a concave curve or with a bevel from head to base, with migration of the joint filler material being virtually ruled out by virtue of a special joint system in the base region, and for example the vertically extending shoulder region between the head and the base being able to have integrally molded joint-material stabilizing devices, for example cams, over for example to approximately ¾ of the height of the head around the periphery at any desired intervals, in a thickness of for example up to 10 mm, for the purpose of being able to roughen filling material toward the stone side, or upper side.
At least in a particular embodiment, it is possible to realize joint structures which inevitably arise when natural stone paving with roughly hewn sides, corners and edges is laid.
At least in a particular embodiment of the invention, it is possible to create paved surfaces with any desired stone formats, stone surface structures, stone side formation and different joint structures for example in urban spaces for the purpose of avoiding climate-related, increasing heat islands, with an additional, surface-side joint volume that can be filled, among other things, with filler materials that can absorb water like a sponge after rainfall and an additional evaporation potential is thus provided, which in turn contributes to improved temperature regulation and a healthier city climate and significantly reduces the drainage coefficient. The additional joint space can in addition be used to receive special stone material which binds organic pollutants in the surface water and thus makes it possible for rainwater to permeate back to the groundwater in purified form and at the same time promotes the evaporation.
In addition, at least in a particular embodiment of the invention, it is possible to create paved surfaces with preferably joint structures in the head region and natural-stone-typical stone and slab upper sides, which as closely as possible approximate the appearance of natural stone paved surfaces with hewn, rough stone surfaces, sides and edges, with projecting and recessed stone and slab head edges and corners in the joint profile and also resulting, irregularly wide and narrow joint profiles, in addition to straight joint profiles with identical, narrow and/or wide joint widths and also flat surfaces. In addition, such joint structures make it possible to create paved surfaces with displacement prevention means, suitable for traffic loads according to RstO 12 to BK 3.2.
Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the appended claims and the following description of exemplary embodiments on the basis of the schematic drawings. In the drawings:
Even though the description of exemplary embodiments regards only paving stones and paved surfaces, it similarly also applies to paving slabs and block paving.
The base 12 has a greater height HS than a height HK of the head 16.
The base side faces 14 extend substantially vertically. In addition, the base 12 is quadrilateral in horizontal section in this example.
On each of the base side faces 14 in their lower regions, the load-joint locking and displacement prevention means comprises multiple spacer cams 22 for locking the load joints. The spacer cams may for example be elongate, in particular in the horizontal direction, and/or for example be approximately 5 mm high. In addition, on each of the base side faces 14, the load-joint locking and displacement prevention means in this example has multiple parallel, vertical, outwardly projecting, strip-like, for example cylindrically or semicylindrically integrally molded, interlock portions 24 which, in the laid state of the paving stone 10, force-fittingly interact with interlock portions on a base side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone, in particular in the manner of a toothed rack or gearwheel. In this example, the interlock portions 24 extend only on the base 12. In general, a single interlock portion on a side may be sufficient. The interlock portions are usually, however, arranged at least in pairs on a side.
The head 16 is quadrilateral, similar to the base 12. The head side faces 20 and the base side faces 14 have congruent sides.
The paving stone 10 also comprises a console 26 which runs horizontally around the periphery, subdivides the paving stone 10 into the head 16 and the base 12, and is designed such that, in combination with an associated head side face in the laid state of the paving stone, it, together with a console and a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone including a load joint 40 (see, for example,
In the present example, the head side faces 20 extend vertically and merge into the console 26.
The console outer edges 30 correspond to the base upper edges 34.
In the variant shown in
A further variant is shown in
The row formation shown in
The features of the invention that are disclosed in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential for the implementation of the invention in its various embodiments both individually and in any desired combinations.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23193017.3 | Aug 2023 | EP | regional |
| 23203456.1 | Oct 2023 | EP | regional |
