Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-234498, filed Dec. 25, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
This disclosure relates to a performance support device and an air reed instrument.
In air reed instruments such as flutes, transverse flutes, and shakuhachi flutes, in which a performer's exhaled breath is directly blown into a blow hole of the flute, it is necessary for a specific lip shape (embouchure) to be created and for the exhaled breath to be blown onto an edge of the blow hole at the time of playing. For this reason, it is difficult for performers such as beginners with poor playing skills to play this type of air reed instrument.
There are performance support devices (performance aids) that enable an air reed instrument to be played even by a beginner, and air reed instruments including the performance support devices. The performance support devices and the air reed instruments include a tubular flow path forming portion having a flow path for guiding a performer's exhaled breath into the blow hole.
However, in the existing air reed instruments, which include a flow path forming portion, there is a problem that the timbre is significantly different to the timbre obtained when a performer's exhaled breath is directly blown to the blow hole without using a flow path forming portion (that is to say, the true timbre of the air reed instrument). This is thought to be because the cross-sectional area of the flow path of the flow path forming portion is constant from the inlet to the outlet, the shape of the flow path is significantly different to the shape of a performer's lips after forming an embouchure.
The present disclosure has been made in view of the circumstances described above. An example of an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a performance support device which is capable of bringing the timbre of an air reed instrument closer to the true timbre irrespective of a performer's playing skill, and an air reed instrument including the performance support device.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a performance support device includes: a first surface configured to face a blow hole of an air reed instrument; a second surface configured to be displaced from the blow hole than the first surface; and a flow path that penetrates from the first surface to the second surface and that is configured to flow a exhaled breath toward the blow hole. A cross-sectional area of the flow path at the first surface is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the flow path at a position displaced from the first surface toward the second surface.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an air reed instrument includes: a head tube including a blow hole; and a performance support device provided in a vicinity of the blow hole. The performance support device includes: a first surface configured to face the blow hole; a second surface configured to be displaced from the blow hole than the first surface; and a flow path that penetrates from the first surface to the second surface and that is configured to flow a exhaled breath toward the blow hole. A cross-sectional area of the flow path at the first surface is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the flow path at a position displaced from the first surface toward the second surface.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of one or more preferred embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
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The flute MI includes a performance support device (performance aid) 3, which is provided in the vicinity of the blow hole 12 of the head tube 1, and guides the performer's exhaled breath to the blow hole 12. As shown in
The first surface 4 is a surface positioned on the blow hole 12 side of the flute MI. The first surface 4 may be formed in an arbitrary shape such as a flat surface. The first surface 4 is formed in a shape that imitates the surface of the lips exposed to the outside. The specific shape of the first surface 4 will be described later.
The second surface 5 is a surface positioned on the performer's lips (labial) side. The second surface 5 may be formed in an arbitrary shape. However, as described earlier, it is formed in a flat shape. The second surface 5 represents the opposite surface to the first surface 4 along the flow path 6.
The flow path 6 penetrates from the first surface 4 to the second surface 5. That is to say, the performance support device 3 is formed in a substantially tubular shape. The flow path 6 allows the performer's exhaled breath to flow toward the blow hole 12 of the flute MI.
The flow path 6 and the first surface 4 of the performance support device 3 are formed in a shape that imitates the performer's lips when the performer's exhaled breath is directly blown into the blow hole 12. First, the flow path 6, which imitates the complicated shape of the inner surface of the lips not exposed to the outside, will be described.
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Next, the shape of the first surface 4, which imitates the outer surface of the performer's lips exposed to the outside, will be described.
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As shown in
The lower lip area 42 formed as described above reproduces the shape of the outer surface of the performer's lower lip when pressed against the lip plate 11.
Furthermore, in the performance support device 3 described earlier, as shown in
Moreover, the performance support device 3 is elastically deformable. The performance support device 3 may be formed of an elastic material such as silicone.
The specific size of the performance support device 3 and the shape of the outer surface of the performance support device 3 excluding the first surface 4 may be arbitrary. The performance support device 3 may be formed in a size that, for example, enables the performer using the performance support device 3 to grip the performance support device 3 by mouth.
The performance support device 3 is attached to the head tube 1 of the flute MI as a result of the first area 421 of the first surface 4 being brought into contact with the lip plate 11, and a portion of the second area 423 of the first surface 4 being inserted inside the blow hole 12, such that the first opening portion 61 of the flow path 6 faces the edge 13 of the blow hole 12.
Furthermore, the performance support device 3 is secured with respect to the head tube 1. The specific method of securing the performance support device 3 may be an arbitrary method such as adhesion, or securing by screws. The performance support device 3 may be detachably secured with respect to the head tube 1, or may be non-detachably secured.
When the performer plays the flute MI after attaching the performance support device 3, the performance support device 3 is gripped by the performer's lips and the performer's exhaled breath is blown into the flow path 6 from the second surface 5 side. As a result, the performer's exhaled breath is blown from the first opening portion 61 of the flow path 6 onto the edge 13 of the blow hole 12, and sound is emitted from the head tube 1.
According to the performance support device 3 and the flute MI including the performance support device 3, the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6 at the first surface 4 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6 at a position which is displaced from the first surface 4 toward the second surface 5 side. Consequently, the shape of the flow path 6 can be brought closer to the shape of the performer's lips when the performer's exhaled breath is directly blown to the blow hole 12 of the flute MI. As a result, it is possible to bring the timbre of the flute MI closer to the true timbre irrespective of the performer's playing skill.
Moreover, when the performer uses the performance support device 3 and plays the flute MI, the shape of the performer's lips is not limited compared to a typical performance method in which the performer's lips are brought into contact with the head tube 1 (lip plate 11). Therefore, playing methods such as flutter tonguing can be easily realized.
Furthermore, in the performance support device 3, the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6 continuously increases from the first surface 4 toward the second surface 5 side. In addition, at least a portion of the edge of the first opening portion 61 of the flow path 6 is curved. As a result, the shape of the flow path 6 can be brought closer to the shape of the performer's lips when the flute MI is played. Consequently, it is possible to bring the timbre of the flute MI even closer to the true timbre.
Further, the performance support device 3 has a shape that imitates (a shape that reproduces) the performer's lips when the performer's exhaled breath is directly blown to the blow hole 12 of the flute MI. Therefore, a sound can be produced which is substantially equivalent to the true timbre of the flute MI.
Moreover, in one example, the performance support device 3 is elastically deformable. Consequently, as a result of the performer pressing the performance support device 3 from the outside by biting or the like using their mouth (lips, teeth, etc.), the size and shape of the flow path 6 can be adjusted. This makes it possible to change the timbre of the flute MI. Therefore, the degree of freedom and expressiveness can be improved when performing with the flute MI.
Furthermore, in the performance support device 3, the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6 reaches a maximum at the second surface 5. Therefore, an advantageous effect is obtained in which the performer's exhaled breath can be easily blown into the flow path 6.
As shown in
The first surface 4 is the same as that described earlier. The second surface 5B is formed in a flat shape in the same manner as that described earlier. However, the size (area) of the second surface 5B is smaller than that described earlier.
The cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B at the first surface 4 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B at a position which is displaced from the first surface side 4 toward the second surface side 5B. However, the position at which the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B in the penetration direction of the flow path 6B reaches a maximum is at an intermediate portion 63B of the flow path 6B in the penetration direction. That is to say, the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B at the first surface 4 and the second surface 5B is smaller than the cross-sectional area at the intermediate portion 63B of the flow path 6B. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B is continuously increased from the first surface 4 of the performance support device 3B to the intermediate portion 63B of the flow path 6, and is continuously decreased from the intermediate portion 63B of the flow path 6B to the second surface 5B. The cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B at the second surface 5B may be larger or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B at the first surface 4. Moreover, the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B at the second surface 5B may be substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of the flow path 6B at the first surface 4.
The cross-sectional shape of the flow path 6B may be formed with a flattened shape in the penetration direction from the first surface 4 through the intermediate portion 63B to the second surface 5B. However, in consideration of the attachment portion 7B described below, the cross-sectional shape of the flow path 6B at the second surface 5B and in the vicinity thereof is preferably formed in a shape in which the width dimension and the height dimension of the flow path 6B at the second surface 5B are equal to each other, or formed in a shape in which the difference between these dimensions is small. In this case, it is preferable that the flow path 6B be formed so that the cross-sectional shape of the flow path 6B continuously changes from the intermediate portion 63B toward the second surface 5B.
In the performance support device 3B, a part positioned on the second surface 5B side in the penetration direction is an attachment portion 7B for attaching a hose H. The attachment portion 7B is formed in a tubular shape. Specifically, the attachment portion 7B is an insertion portion 71B which is inserted inside the hose H. For this reason, it is preferable that the outer circumference of the insertion portion 71B be formed in a shape that corresponds to the shape (such as a circular shape) of the inner circumference of the hose H.
Consequently, the space inside the hose H can be connected to the flow path 6B of the performance support device 3B. Furthermore, the inner circumferential surface of the hose H can be brought into close contact with the outer circumferential surface of the insertion portion 71B. As a result, the performer's exhaled breath blown into the hose H can be inhibited or prevented from leaking from between the hose H and the performance support device 3B.
According to the performance support device 3B, the same advantageous effects as those described earlier can be obtained.
Furthermore, it is possible to attach a hose H to a part of the performance support device 3B positioned on the second surface 5B side. Consequently, the performer is capable of playing the flute MI by gripping the hose H by mouth. Accordingly, the flute MI can be played even if the performer's lips are not brought close to the blow hole 12 of the flute MI. Therefore, the performer is capable of playing the flute MI in various ways. For example, if an elastic hose H is used, unique performances can be performed because the performer's face can be freely moved with respect to the flute MI.
The attachment portion 7B may, for example, be an insertion portion to insert the hose H into the flow path 6B, which is open at the second surface 5B (see
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments above, and various changes may be applied within a scope not departing from the spirit of the present invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of the flow path may, for example, become discontinuously larger from the first surface of the performance support device toward the second surface. That is to say, a section on the first surface side of the flow path having a small cross-sectional area, and a section on the second surface side of the flow path having a large cross-sectional area may be connected in a stepped fashion.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the flow path is not limited to a flattened shape, and may be an arbitrary shape such as a circular shape or a square shape.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the performance support device may, for example, be formed so as to not be elastically deformable. The performance support device may be made of a material which is not elastically deformable or is not easily elastically deformed, such as metal or wood.
The performance support device of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to being formed separately from the head tube of a flute. For example, as shown in
The performance support device of some embodiments of the present invention is applicable not only to flutes, but to other air reed instruments includes a head tube having a blow hole, such as piccolos, fifes, and shakuhachi flutes.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to bring the timbre of an air reed instrument closer to the true timbre irrespective of a performer's playing skill.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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JP2019-234498 | Dec 2019 | JP | national |
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Extended European Search Report issued in European Application No. 20215492.8 dated May 19, 2021 (11 pages). |
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20210201859 A1 | Jul 2021 | US |