Patent Grant
7271715
1. Statement of the Technical Field
The present invention relates to the radio frequency identification (RFID) and more particularly to tracking personal articles via RFID.
2. Description of the Related Art
RFID is an area of automatic identification that has quietly been gaining momentum in recent years and is now being seen as a radical means of enhancing data handling processes, complimentary in many ways to other data capture technologies such bar coding. The object of any RFID system is to carry data in suitable transponders, generally known as tags, and to retrieve data, by machine-readable means, at a suitable time and place to satisfy particular application needs. Data within a tag may provide identification for an item in manufacture, goods in transit, a location, the identity of a vehicle, an animal or individual. By including additional data the prospect is provided for supporting applications through item specific information or instructions immediately available on reading the tag.
An RFID object tracking system requires, in addition to tags, a means of reading or interrogating the tags and some means of communicating the data to a host computer or information management system. In this respect, an RFID object tracking system also can include a facility for programming data into the tags. Notably, the tags can be active and powered in nature, or passive and unpowered in nature. Communication of data between tags and a reader can be by wireless communication. Two methods distinguish and categorize RFID object tracking systems, one based upon close proximity electromagnetic or inductive coupling and one based upon propagating electromagnetic waves. Coupling is via ‘antenna’ structures forming an integral feature in both tags and readers. While the term antenna is generally considered more appropriate for propagating systems it is also loosely applied to inductive systems.
RFID systems can be roughly grouped into four categories: electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems, portable data capture systems, networked systems and positioning systems. EAS systems typically involve a one bit system used to sense the presence or absence of an item. Portable data capture systems, by comparison, can be characterized by the use of portable data terminals with integral RFID readers and can be used in applications where a high degree of variability in sourcing required data from tagged items may be exhibited. Networked systems applications can generally be characterized by fixed position readers deployed within a given site and connected directly to a networked information management system. The transponders are positioned on moving or moveable items, or people, depending upon application. Finally, positioning systems use transponders to facilitate automated location and navigation support for guided vehicles.
Potential applications for RFID may be identified in virtually every sector of industry, commerce and services where data is to be collected. The attributes of RFID are complimentary to other data capture technologies and thus able to satisfy particular application requirements that cannot be adequately accommodate by alternative technologies. Principal areas of application for RFID that can be currently identified include: transportation and logistics, manufacturing and processing, and security. A range of miscellaneous applications further can be distinguished, including animal tagging, waste management, time and attendance, postal tracking, airline baggage reconciliation, and road toll management.
Despite many of the apparent advantages of RFID technology, deficiencies remain for some potential applications. Specifically, while RFID technology can be effective for garden variety inventory tracking, or for high speed vehicle logging, RFID technology heretofore has not been applied ubiquitously to generalized tracking of personal articles. Yet, in the modern era of accumulated personal articles, individuals must track manually a multiplicity of personal articles at any given time, such personal articles including jewelry, wallets, purses, cellular telephones, pagers, sunglasses and the like. Both the forgetfulness of individuals, in addition to thievery of others can result in the loss of substantially valuable personal articles.
A personal articles tracking system, method and machine readable storage can overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by registering identifying data associated RFID tags coupled to personal articles, and subsequently alerting the user when any one of the RFID tags in the registry no longer can be sensed in proximity to the user. In this way, the loss or theft of the personal article can be avoided. In accordance with a novel and non-obvious system aspect of the present invention, an RFID reader can be coupled to a tracking processor. A data store further can be configured to store tag data from corresponding RFID tags. Finally, an alert can be programmed to activate when the tracking processor no longer can sense within range of the RFID reader an RFID tag having corresponding tag data stored in the data store.
Importantly, in a preferred aspect of the invention, the tracking processor, RFID reader and alert can be disposed in a pervasive device. In this regard, the alert can be communicatively linked to an audiovisual presentation layer provided by the pervasive device, such as an LCD display and an audio speaker system. In this way, the enhanced presentation capabilities of the pervasive device can be used to provide more informative information to the end user (such as the identity of the lost personal article) beyond mere rudimentary alert techniques (such as a beep). Additionally, the alert further can include logic for notifying a third party of the activation through a communications link provided by the pervasive device. In this case, the alert can activate when the tracking processor no longer can sense within range of the RFID reader a specific RFID tag (indicating, for instance, that the pervasive device itself has been lost).
A method for tracking personal articles can include the steps of registering a plurality RFID tags in an inventory or tracked personal articles; sensing a plurality of proximate RFID tags; comparing the sensed proximate RFID tags to the registered RFID tags; and, producing an alert where not all of the registered RFID tags have been sensed. The producing step can include selecting a sub-set of the registered RFID tags; and, producing an alert wherein not all of the selected sub-set of the registered RFID tags have been sensed. Alternatively, the producing step can include accessing a presentation layer in a pervasive device; and, presenting the alert in at least one of an audio and visual form through the presentation layer in the pervasive. Finally, the producing step can include accessing a communications layer in a pervasive device; and, generating a cellular telephone call through the communications layer to a pre-determined third-party to notify the third party that not all of the registered RFID tags have been sensed.
There are shown in the drawings embodiments which are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown, wherein:
The present invention is an RFID system for tracking personal articles and generating an alert when a tracked personal article has been lost, stolen or otherwise misplaced. In accordance with the present invention, RFID tags, including conventional inventory type RFID tags, can be affixed to personal articles which are to be tracked. A tracking processor can sense the presence of the RFID tags and can register the corresponding personal articles in a registry or inventory of tracked personal articles. Once an inventory of tracked personal articles has been established, the tracking processor can actively monitor the presence of each tracked personal article to ensure the proximity of the same. When any one tracked personal article falls outside of a threshold sensing range of the tracking processor, an alert can be issued so as to prevent the loss or theft of the personal article which has fallen outside of the threshold range.
Importantly, the tracking processor can be configured within a fob for a key chain, in an accessory for a pervasive device such as a personal digital assistant, wireless pager or telephone, or in association with any article of manufacture designed to remain principally in close proximity to its primary owner. Also, the tracking processor and selected tracked articles can be configured for communicative coupling to central command center either through cellular telephony or wireless data communications. In this way, when a selected tracked article or when the tracking processor falls outside the range of the tracking processor, the central command can be notified. The central command, in turn, can notify the primary owner of the loss. Optionally, the central command can notify other registered owners of the lost article. In this way, the registered owners can register the tag data for the lost article in their respective tracking processors which can locate the lost article of the lost article falls within range of the respective tracking processors.
Each of the RFID tags 110A, 110B, 110n can be programmed with tag data 120A, 120B, 120n suitable to uniquely identify the respective RFID tags 110A, 110B, 110n to an interrogating tracking processor 100. During an interrogation process, the controller 140A, 140B, 140n can retrieve the tag data 120A, 120B, 120n. Subsequently, the controller 140A, 140B can wirelessly broadcast the tag data 120A, 120B, 120n via antennae 150A, 150B, 150n to the interrogating device in proximity to the RFID tag 110A, 110B, 110n.
In a passive implementation of the present invention, the controller 160 of the tracking processor 100 can broadcast radio frequency energy through antenna 170 so that the antennae 150A, 150B, 150n in each of the tags 110A, 110B, 110n can become energized. Upon receiving the broadcast radio frequency energy, the controller 140A, 140B, 140n can retrieve the tag data 120A, 120B, 120n. The controller 140A, 140B, 140n subsequently can encode and modulate the retrieved tag data 120A, 120B, 120n which can be rebroadcast using the antennae 150A, 150B, 150n. The rebroadcast energy can be received through antenna 170. Subsequently, the controller 160 can demodulate and decode the tag data 120A, 120B, 120n.
Once the tag data 120A, 120B, 120n has been demodulated and decoded, the tracking processor 200 can process the tag data 120A, 120B, 120n both to register detected RFID tags 110A, 110B, 110n in the data store 190, and also to detect when an already registered RFID tag 110A, 110B, 110n no longer can be detected within a threshold range of the tracking processor 100. In this regard,
Generally, the tracking processor 200 can operate across two modes: an inventory mode and a tracking mode. In the inventory mode, proximately positioned articles within range of the tracking processor 200 can be registered with the tracking processor 200 so that when in tracking mode, the tracking processor 200 can ensure that the registered articles remain in range. When an article falls out of range in the tracking mode (e.g. the presence of the article no longer can be detected by the tracking processor 200), an alert can be actuated. Importantly, a third mode can be applied to the tracking processor 200—a profile mode.
As an example, the tracking process can query an electronic source of data such as the Internet for state data 440 regarding the weather for a specific location, such as a location which can be derived through a host pervasive device. Based upon the response, a rain profile can be selected from among the profiles 420 which would include, as an exemplary tracked item, an umbrella. Similarly, where the time of day indicates that it is time to go to work, a work profile can be selected from among the profiles 420 which would include, as an exemplary tracked item, an identification badge. In all cases, when in profile mode, the tracking process 200 can register as items to be tracked 430, those items which are included in the specific profile 450.
Returning now to
In any case, so song as an RFID tag can be sensed, in block 230, the tag data for the first sensed RFID tag can be read. In block 240, the tag data can be stored in the inventory. In decision block 250, if more RFID tags have been detected in proximity to the tracking processor 200, in block 270 the next RFID tag can be sensed and the process can repeat in blocks 230 through 250 until all proximate RFID tags have been registered in the inventory. Subsequently, in block 260 the tracking processor 200 can enter a tracking mode. Importantly, it will be recognized by the skilled artisan that the invention is not limited to the storage of any particular type of tag data so long as tag data can be correlated to a particular personal article to be tracked.
Importantly, if in decision block 360, not all of the personal articles in the inventor can be accounted for (e.g. the associated RFID tags have been sensed and matched against the inventory), in block 390 an error condition can be declared. Otherwise, the process can repeat through block 310. Notably, the foregoing illustrates only a specific implementation of the process for tracking pre-registered personal articles and is not to be viewed as the exclusive means for tracking personal articles. Specifically, other functionally different processes which achieve the same result are contemplated herein, including a process in which all entries in the inventory are processed in order by actively seeking a corresponding RFID tag in proximity to the tracking processor 200, rather than seeking to match an already sensed RFID tag to an entry in the inventory.
Significantly, the system of
In an alternative embodiment, the tracking processor 510 within the pervasive device 520 can be logically linked to a particular RFID tag 530A affixed to a specific personal article 540 likely to remain in close proximity to an individual, such as an article of clothing or jewelry. In this way, when the tracking processor 510 no longer can sense the particular RFID tag 530A, it can be presumed that the individual has become separated from the pervasive device 520.
As an alert through the pervasive device 520 would be of no consequence given the separation between individual and pervasive device 520, the pervasive device 520 can pre-programmatically connect to a third party, such as the policy or a third party registry of lost goods to report the loss. At that time, the third party can notify the individual through pre-established means, or the individual, upon recognizing the loss, can contact the third party registry to locate the pervasive device 520 (through e-911 services or GPS location tracking, for instance).
Alternatively, the wearable article 540 can be coupled to a tracking processor 560 which can be logically linked to a particular RFID tag 570 affixed to the pervasive device 520. In this way, when the tracking processor 560 no longer can sense the particular RFID tag 570, it can be presumed that the individual has become separated from the pervasive device 520. Again, an alert can sound so that the individual can avoid traveling too far from the pervasive device 520 thus avoiding the loss or theft of the pervasive device 520.
The method of the present invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. An implementation of the method and system of the present invention can be realized in a centralized fashion in one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system, or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein, is suited to perform the functions described herein. A typical combination of hardware and software could be a general purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein. The present invention can also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which, when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods.
Computer program or application in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form. Significantly, this invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and accordingly, reference should be had to the following claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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