Patent Application
20100303743
This disclosure relates to personal care or healthcare compositions comprising a hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend having viscosity of at least 50 Pa·s. The hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend contains a silicone organic elastomer and a carrier fluid. The gel blend may be prepared by shearing a silicone organic elastomer or silicone organic elastomer gel with the carrier fluid.
Silicone elastomer gels have been used extensively to enhance the aesthetics of personal care formulations by providing a unique sensory profile upon application. Most silicone elastomer gels are obtained by a crosslinking hydrosilylation reaction of an SiH polysiloxane with another polysiloxane containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon substituent, such as a vinyl functional polysiloxane, or by crosslinking an SiH polysiloxane with a hydrocarbon diene. The silicone elastomers may be formed in the presence of a carrier fluid, such as a volatile silicone, resulting in a gelled composition. Alternatively, the silicone elastomer may be formed at higher solids content, subsequently sheared and admixed with a carrier fluid to also create gels or paste like compositions. Representative examples of such silicone elastomers are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,210, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,116.
While silicone elastomers have provided significant advances for improving personal care formulation, they possess several shortcomings that have limited their use. For example, silicone elastomers having mostly dimethyl siloxane content are less effective for gelling organic based solvents and carrier fluids. Silicone elastomer gel compositions having high dimethyl siloxane also have limited compatibility with many personal care ingredients. For example, the widely used sunscreen agent, octyl methoxycinnamate, has limited solubility in many of these silicone elastomer gels. Another problem is the reduction of viscosity of the silicone elastomer gel in the presence of such incompatible components. Thus, there is a need to identify silicone elastomers that can gel organic solvents. Furthermore, there is a need to identify silicone elastomer gels having improved compatibilities with many personal care ingredients, while maintaining the aesthetics associated with silicone elastomer gels. To this end, there have been many attempts to improve compatibilities of silicone elastomers with various personal care ingredients wherein alkyls, polyether, amines or other organofunctional groups have been grafted onto the silicone organic elastomer backbone. Representative of such organofunctional silicone elastomers are taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,487, U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,210, U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,581, U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,986, U.S. Pat. No. 6,331,604, U.S. Pat. No. 6,262,170, U.S. Pat. No. 6,531,540, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,670.
However, there is still need to improve the compatibility of silicone elastomer based gels, and in particular, with organic based volatile fluids and personal care ingredients. Such improved compatibility should not sacrifice sensory aesthetic profiles. Furthermore, the gelling or thickening efficiency of the silicone elastomer in a carrier fluid should be maintained or improved.
Gels and gel pastes containing a silicone elastomer or a silicone organic elastomer have recently been described in US 60/937827, PCT/US07/006,833, PCT/US07/006,894, and PCT/US07/006,936: which are assigned to the same assignee of the present application.
The present inventors have discovered hydrophobic silicone organic elastomers gel blend compositions. The gel blend compositions possess improved compatibilities with many common personal care ingredients, while maintaining sensory aesthetics. Therefore, they are useful in a variety of personal care and healthcare formulations.
This disclosure relates to personal care or healthcare compositions comprising a hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend having viscosity of at least 50 Pa·s. The hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend contains a silicone organic elastomer and a carrier fluid. The silicone organic elastomer comprises the reaction product of;
The hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend may be used in a variety of personal care compositions such as a color cosmetic, a lipstick, a foundation, a shampoo, a hair conditioner, a hair fixative, a shower gel, a skin moisturizer, a skin conditioner, a body conditioner, a sun protection product, an antiperspirant, and a deodorant.
The present disclosure provides personal care or healthcare compositions comprising a hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend having viscosity of at least 50 Pa·s. As used herein “hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend” refers to a composition containing a silicone organic elastomer in a carrier fluid and the composition is hydrophobic, that is, the composition will not mix with water or aqueous based compositions to form a stable dispersion or emulsion. In other words, the composition will not “self emulsify” when mixed with water. The hydrophobic silicone organic elastomer gel blend contains a silicone organic elastomer and a carrier fluid, both described below. The gel blend may be prepared by shearing a silicone organic elastomer or silicone organic elastomer as described herein, with additional quantities of the carrier fluid, and optionally with E) a personal or health care active to form a gel blend or paste composition.
The silicone organic elastomers of the present disclosure are obtainable as hydrosilylation reaction products of an organohydrogensiloxane, an organic compound having at least two aliphatic unsaturated groups and in its molecule, and a hydrosilylation catalyst, components A), B), and C) respectively. The term “hydrosilylation” means the addition of an organosilicon compound containing silicon-bonded hydrogen, (such as component A) to a compound containing aliphatic unsaturation (such as component B), in the presence of a catalyst (such as component C). Hydrosilylation reactions are known in the art, and any such known methods or techniques may be used to effect the hydrosilylation reaction of components A), B), and C) to prepare the silicone organic elastomers as of the present disclosure.
The silicone organic elastomer may also contain pendant, non-crosslinking moieties, independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing 2-30 carbons, hydrophobic polyoxyalkylene groups, and mixtures thereof. Such pendant groups result from the optional addition of component D′) a hydrocarbon containing 2-30 carbons having one terminal unsaturated aliphatic group, and/or component D″) a hydrophobic polyoxyalkylene having one terminal unsaturated aliphatic group to the silicone organic elastomer via a hydrosilylation reaction.
The hydrosilylation reaction to prepare the silicone organic elastomer may be conducted in the presence of a solvent, and the solvent subsequently removed by known techniques. Alternatively, the hydrosilylation may be conducted in a solvent, where the solvent is the same as the carrier fluid described as component ii).
Component A) of the present invention is an SiH containing organopolysiloxane. As used herein, an organohydrogensiloxane is any organo-polysiloxane containing a silicon-bonded hydrogen atom (SiH). Organopolysiloxanes are polymers containing siloxy units independently selected from (R3SiO0.5), (R2SiO), (RSiO1.5), or (SiO2) siloxy units, where R may be any organic group. When R is a methyl group in the (R3SiO0.5), (R2SiO), (RSiO1.5), or (SiO2) siloxy units of an organopolysiloxane, the siloxy units are commonly referred to M, D, T, and Q units respectively. These siloxy units can be combined in various manners to form cyclic, linear, or branched structures. Organohydrogensiloxanes are organopolysiloxanes having at least one SiH containing siloxy unit, that is at least one siloxy unit in the organopolysiloxane has the formula (R7HSiO0.5), (RHSiO), or (HSiO1.5). Thus, the organohydrogensiloxanes useful in the present invention may comprise any number of (R3SiO0.5), (R2SiO), (RSiO1.5), (R2HSiO0.5), (RHSiO)), (HSiO1.5) or (SiO2) siloxy units, providing there are on average at least two SiH siloxy units in the molecule. Component (A) can be a single linear, cyclic, or branched organohydrogensiloxane or a combination comprising two or more organo-hydrogensiloxanes that differ in at least one of the following properties; structure, viscosity, average molecular weight, siloxane units, and sequence.
The organohydrogensiloxane may have the average formula;
(R13SiO0.5)v(R22SiO)x(R2HSiO)y wherein
R1 is hydrogen or R2,
R2 is a monovalent hydrocarbyl,
R2 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbyl. Monovalent unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbyls are exemplified by, but not limited to alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, pentyl, octyl, undecyl, and octadecyl and cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl. Monovalent substituted aliphatic hydrocarbyls are exemplified by, hut not limited to halogenated alkyl groups such as chloromethyl, 3-chloropropyl, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl. The aromatic hydrocarbon group is exemplified by, but not limited to, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, styryl, and 2-phenylethyl.
In one embodiment, the organohydrogensiloxane may contain additional siloxy units and have the average formula
(R13SiO0.5)v(R22SiO)x(R2HSiO)y(R2SiO1.5)z,
(R13SiO0.5)v(R22SiO)x(R2HSiO)y(R2SiO1.5)w,
(R13SiO0.5)v(R22SiO)x(R2HSiO)y(SiO2)w,
(R13SiO0.5)v(R22SiO)x(R2HSiO)y(SiO2)w(R2SiO1.5)z,
or any mixture thereof, where
R1 is hydrogen or R2,
R2 is a monovalent hydrocarbyl,
and v≧2, w≧0, x≧0, y≧2, and z is ≧0.
In another embodiment, the organohydrogensiloxane is selected from a dimethyl, methyl-hydrogen polysiloxane having the average formula;
(CH3)3SiO[(CH3)2SiO]x[(CH3)HSiO]ySi(CH3)3
In another embodiment, component (A) is an SiH containing organopolysiloxane resin. For example, component A) the SiH containing organopolysiloxane resin may comprise the formula;
(R2HSiO1/2)a(R3SiO1/2)b(R2SiO2/2)c(RSiO3/2)d(SiO4/2)e
R′ can be a linear or branched alkyl such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, or octyl group. Typically, R′ is propyl,
In the (R2HSiO1/2)a(R3SiO1/2)b(R2SiO2/2)c(R′SiO3/2)d(SiO4/2)e formula above, and subsequent use below, the subscripts a, b, c, d, and e represents the mole fraction of each siloxy unit designated. The sum of a, b, c, d, and e is at least 0.9. Thus, the SiH containing organohydrogensiloxane resin may contain additional siloxy units, such as silanol and or alkoxy functional siloxy units.
In yet another embodiment, component (A) in the present invention is an organohydrogensiloxane having at least two SiH containing cyclosiloxane rings in its molecule, such as those described in been described in PCT/US07/006,833, PCT/US07/006,894, and PCT/US07/006,936; as assigned to the same assignee of the present application, and which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Component (B) is an organic compound, or any mixture of compounds, containing at least two aliphatic unsaturated groups in its molecule. The compound may be any diene, diyne or ene-yne compound. Diene, diyne or ene-yne compounds are those compounds (including polymeric compounds) wherein there are at least two aliphatic unsaturated groups with some separation between the groups within the molecule. Typically, the unsaturation groups are at the termini of the compound, or pendant if part of a polymeric compound. Compounds containing terminal or pendant unsaturated groups can be represented by the formula R3—Y—R3 where R3 is a monovalent unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and Y is a divalent organic or siloxane group or a combination of these. Typically R3 is CH2═CH—, CH2═CHCH2—, CH2═C(CH3)CH2— or CH≡C—, and similar substituted unsaturated groups such as H2C(CH3)—, and HC≡C(CH13)—.
The compound having the formula R3—Y—R3 as component B) may be considered as being a “organic”, “hydrocarbon”, “organic polymer”, “polyether” or “siloxane”, or combinations thereof, depending on the selection of Y. Y may be a divalent hydrocarbon, a siloxane, polyoxyalkylene, a polyalkylene, a polyisoalkylene, a hydrocarbon-silicone copolymer, or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the component (B) is selected from an organic compound, herein denoted as (B1), having the formula R3—Y1—R3 where R2 is a monovalent unsaturated aliphatic group containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms and Y1 is a divalent hydrocarbon. The divalent hydrocarbon Y1 may contain 1 to 30 carbons, either as aliphatic or aromatic structures, and may be branched or un-branched. Alternatively, the linking group Yi in B1 may be an alkylene group containing 1 to 12 carbons. Component (B1) may be selected from α,ω-unsaturated alkenes or alkynes containing 1 to 30 carbons, and mixtures thereof. Component (B1) may be exemplified by, but not limited to 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene; 1,6-heptadiene; 1,7-octadiene, 1,8-nonadiene, 1,9-decadiene, 1,11-dodecadiene, 1,13-tetradecadiene, and 1,19-eicosadiene, 1,3-butadiyne, 1,5-hexadiyne (dipropargyl), and 1-hexene-5-yne.
In another embodiment, the component (B) is selected from a R3—Y2—R3 compound where Y2 is a siloxane, herein denoted as (B2). The Y2 siloxane group may be selected from any organopolysiloxane bonded to at least two organic groups having aliphatic unsaturation, designated as R3, to form R3—Y2—R3 structures. Thus, component (B2) can be any organopolysiloxane, and mixtures thereof, comprising at least two siloxane units represented by the average formula R2RmSiO(4-m)/2
wherein
R is an organic group,
R3 is a monovalent unsaturated aliphatic group as defined above, and
m is zero to 3
The R3 group may be present on any mono, di, or tri siloxy unit in an organopolysiloxane molecule, for example; (R3R2SiO0.5), (R3RSiO), or (R3SiO1.5); as well as in combination with other siloxy units not containing an R2 substituent, such as (R3SiO0.5), (R2SiO), (RSiO1.5), or (SiO2) siloxy units where R is independently any organic group, alternatively a hydrocarbon containing 1 to 30 carbons, alternatively an alkyl group containing 1 to 30 carbons, or alternatively methyl; providing there are at least two R2 substituents in the organopolysiloxane.
Representative, non-limiting, examples of such siloxane based R3—Y2—R3 structures suitable as component (B2) include;
(R2R3SiO0.5)(SiO2)w(R2R3SiO0.5)
(R2R3SiO0.5)(SiO2)w(R2SiO)x(R2R3SiO0.5)
(R2R3SiO0.5)(R2SiO)x(R2R3SiO0.5)
(R2R3SiO0.5)(R2SiO)x(R3RSiO)y(R3SiO0.5)
(R3SiO0.5)(R2SiO)x(R3RSiO)y(RSiO1.5)z(R3SiO0.5)
(R3SiO0.5)(R2SiO)x(R3RSiO)y(SiO2)w(R3SiO0.5)
B2 may be selected from vinyl functional polydimethylsiloxanes (vinyl siloxanes), such as those having the average formula;
CH2═CH(Me)2SiO[Me2SiO]xSi(Me)2CH═CH2
Me3SiO[(Me)2SiO]x[CH2═CH(Me)SiO]ySiMe3
wherein Me is methyl,
In another embodiment, component (B) is selected from a polyether compound, herein denoted as (B3), having the formula R3—Y3—R3 compound where R3 is as defined above and Y3 is a polyoxyalkylene group having the formula (CnH2nO)b, wherein n is from 3 to 4 inclusive,
b is greater than 2,
R3O—[(C3H6O)d(C4H8O)c|—R3
Alternatively, the polyoxyalkylene group comprises only oxypropylene units (C3H6O)d. Representative, non-limiting examples of polyoxypropylene containing R3—Y3—R3 compounds include:
H2C═CHCH2O[C3H6O]dCH2CH═CH2
H2C═CHO[C3H6O]dCH═CH2
H2C═C(CH3)CH2O[C3H6O]dCH2C(CH3)═CH2
HC≡CCH2O[C3H6O]dCH2C≡CH
HC≡CC(CH3)2O[C3H6O]dC(CH3)2C≡CH
where d is as defined above.
Representative, non-limiting examples of polyoxybutylene containing R3—Y3—R3 compounds include;
H2C═CHCH2O[C3H6O]cCH2CH═CH2
H2C═CHO[C3H6O]cCH═CH2
H2C═C(CH3)CH2O[C3H6O]cCH2C(CH3)═CH2
HC≡CCH2O[C3H6O]eCH2C≡CH
HC≡CC(CH3)2O[C3H6O]eC(CH3)2C≡CH
Component B) may also be a mixture of various polyethers, i.e. a mixture of B3 components,
In another embodiment, component (B) is selected from a R3—Y4—R3 compound, herein denoted as (B4), where R2 is as defined above and Y4 is a polyalkylene group, selected from C2 to C6 alkylene units or their isomers. One example is polyisobutylene group which is a polymer containing isobutylene unit. The molecular weight of the polyisobutylene group may vary, but typically ranges from 100 to 10,000 g/mole. Representative, non-limiting examples of R3—Y—R3 compounds containing a polyisobutylene group includes those commercially available from BASF under the tradename of OPPONOL BV, such as OPPONOL BV 5K, a diallyl terminated polyisobutylene having an average molecular weight of 5000 g/mole.
In yet another embodiment, component (B) is selected from a R3—Y5—R3 compound, herein denoted as (B5), where R2 is as defined above and Y5 is a hydrocarbon-silicone copolymer group. The hydrocarbon-silicone copolymer group may have the formula
—[R1u(R2SiO)v]q—
where R1 and R are as defined above;
u and v are independently ≧1, alternatively u ranges from 1 to 20,
q is >1, alternatively q ranges from 2 to 500, alternatively q ranges from 2 to 100.
R3—Y5—R3 compounds having a hydrocarbon-silicone copolymer group may be prepared via a hydrosilylation reaction between an α-ω unsaturated hydrocarbon, such as those described above as B1, and an organohydrogensiloxane. A representative, non-limiting example of such a reaction is shown below,
Component (B) may also be a mixture of any diene, diyne or ene-yne compound, such as any combinations of B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5.
The amounts of component (A) and component (B) used to prepare the present composition will depend on the individual components and the desired SiH to aliphatic unsaturation ratio. The ratio of SiH in component (A) to aliphatic unsaturation from component (B) useful to prepare the compositions of the present invention can be from 10:1 to 1:10, alternatively 5:1 to 1:5, or alternatively 4:1 to 1:4.
If components (A) and (B) are not the only materials containing aliphatic unsaturated groups and SiH-containing groups in the present composition, then the above ratios relate to the total amount of such groups present in the composition rather than only those components.
Component (C) comprises any catalyst typically employed for hydrosilylation reactions. It is preferred to use platinum group metal-containing catalysts. By platinum group it is meant ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum and complexes thereof. Platinum group metal-containing catalysts useful in preparing the compositions of the present invention are the platinum complexes prepared as described by Willing, U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,593, and Brown et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,325, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference to show such complexes and their preparation. Other examples of useful platinum group metal-containing catalysts can be found in Lee et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,989,668; Chang et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,036,117; Ashby, U.S. Pat. No. 3,159,601; Lamoreaux, U.S. Pat. No. 3,220,972; Chalk et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,296,291; Modic, U.S. Pat. No. 3,516,946; Karstedt, U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,730; and Chandra et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,928,629 all of which are hereby incorporated by reference to show useful platinum group metal-containing catalysts and methods for their preparation. The platinum-containing catalyst can be platinum metal, platinum metal deposited on a carrier such as silica gel or powdered charcoal, OF a compound or complex of a platinum group metal. Preferred platinum-containing catalysts include chloroplatinic acid, either in hexahydrate form or anhydrous form, and or a platinum-containing catalyst which is obtained by a method comprising reacting chloroplatinic acid with an aliphatically unsaturated organosilicon compound such as divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, or alkene-platinum-silyl complexes as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/017,229, filed Dec. 7, 2001, such as (COD)Pt(SiMeCl2)2, where COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene and Me is methyl. These alkene-platinum-silyl complexes may be prepared, for example by mixing 0.015 mole (COD)PtCl2 with 0.045 mole COD and 0.0612 moles HMeSiCl2.
The appropriate amount of the catalyst will depend upon the particular catalyst used. The platinum catalyst should be present in an amount sufficient to provide at least 2 parts per million (ppm), preferably 4 to 200 ppm of platinum based on total weight percent solids (all non-solvent ingredients) in the composition. It is highly preferred that the platinum is present in an amount sufficient to provide 4 to 150 weight ppm of platinum on the same basis. The catalyst may be added as a single species or as a mixture of two or more different species,
The silicone organic elastomer may also contain pendant, non-crosslinking moieties, independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing 2-30 carbons, hydrophobic polyoxyalkylene groups, and mixtures thereof. These groups are formed on the silicone organic elastomer via a hydrosilylation reaction by the addition of component D) an organic compound having one terminal unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Component D) may be selected from D′) a hydrocarbon containing 6-30 carbons having one terminal unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and/or component D″) a hydrophobic polyoxyalkylene having one terminal unsaturated aliphatic group.
The addition of component D) can alter the resulting chemical and physical properties of the silicone organic elastomer. For example, selecting D′ will result in the addition of hydrocarbon groups to the silicone organic elastomer, thus adding more hydrophobic character to the silicone organic elastomer.
The unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group in D′ or D″ can be an alkenyl or alkynyl group. Representative, non-limiting examples of the alkenyl groups are shown by the following structures; H2C═CH—, H2C═CHCH2—, H2C═C(CH3)CH2—, H2C═CHCH2CH2—, H2C═CHCH2CH2CH2—, and H2CHCH2CH2CH2CH2—. Representative, non-limiting examples of alkynyl groups are shown by the following structures; HC≡C—, HC≡CCH2—, HC≡CC(CH3)—, HC≡CC(CH3)2—, and HC≡CC(CH3)2CH2—.
Component D′), the hydrocarbon containing 6-30 carbons having one terminal unsaturated aliphatic group, may be selected from alpha olefins such as 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-decadecene, and similar homologs. Component D′) may also be selected from aryl containing hydrocarbons such as alpha methyl styrene.
Component D″) may be selected from those polyoxyalkylenes having the average formula R3O—[(C3H6O)d′(C4H8O)c]—R4
where d′ is defined above.
The polyether may also be selected from those as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,987,157, which is herein incorporated by reference for its teaching of polyethers.
Components D or D″ may be added to the silicone organic elastomer either during formation (i.e. simultaneously reacting components A), B), C) and D), in a first reaction (for example reacting a partial quantity of SiH groups of component A) with C) and D), followed by further reaction with B) or subsequently added to a formed silicone organic elastomer having SiH content (for example, from unreacted SiH units present on the silicone organic elastomer).
The amount of component D′ or D″ used in the hydrosilylation reaction may vary, providing the molar quantity of the total aliphatic unsaturated groups present in the reaction from components B) and D) is such that the molar ratio of the SiH units of component A) to the aliphatic unsaturated groups of components B) and D) ranges from 10/1 to 1/10.
The silicone organic elastomers (i) are contained in a carrier fluid (ii) to provide the present silicone-organic gel compositions. Typically, the carrier fluid is the solvent used for conducting the hydrosilylation reaction to form the silicone organic elastomer. Suitable carrier fluids include, organic liquids (oils and solvents, silicones and mixtures of these.
Typically, the carrier fluid is an organic liquid. Organic liquids includes those considered oils or solvents. The organic liquids are exemplified by, but not limited to, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, esters, ethers, glycols, glycol ethers, alkyl halides and aromatic halides. Hydrocarbons include, isododecane, isohexadecane, Isopar L (C11-C13), Isopar H(C11-C12), hydrogentated polydecene, mineral oil and other petrol derivatives Ethers and esters include, isodecyl neopentanoate, neopentylglycol heptanoate, glycol distearate, dicaprylyl carbonate, diethylhexyl carbonate, propylene glycol n butyl ether, ethyl-3 ethoxypropionate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, tridecyl neopentanoate, propylene glycol methylether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol methylether (PGME), octyldodecyl neopentanoate, diisobutyl adipate, diisopropyl adipate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, and octyl palmitate. Additional organic carrier fluids suitable as a stand alone compound or as an ingredient to the carrier fluid include fats, oils, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols, vegetable oils and triglycerides such as Capric/Caprylic triglycerides.
The carrier fluid may also be a low viscosity organopolysiloxane or a volatile methyl siloxane or a volatile ethyl siloxane or a volatile methyl ethyl siloxane having a viscosity at 25° C. in the range of 1 to 1,000 mm2/sec such as hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane, tetradecamethylhexasiloxane, hexadeamethylheptasiloxane, heptamethyl-3-{(trimethylsilyl)oxy)}trisiloxane, hexamethyl-3,3,bis{(trimethylsilyl)oxy}trisiloxane pentamethyl{(trimethylsilyl)oxy}cyclotrisiloxane as well as polydimethylsiloxanes, polyethylsiloxanes, polymethylethylsiloxanes, polymethylphenylsiloxanes, polydiphenylsiloxanes.
The amount of i) silicone organic elastomer and ii carrier fluid is such that the composition contains
2-95 weight percent,
98-5 weight percent,
The gel compositions may be prepared by the processes of the present disclosure. The disclosed process involves;
Components A), B), C), and D) and the carrier fluid ii), and the quantities used in the process are the same as described above. The order of addition of components A), B), C), and optionally D) in step I) is not critical. Typically, components A), B), and optionally D) are combined with the carrier fluid with mixing, and the mixture heated to 70-90° C. Then, the catalyst C) is added to cause the hydrosilylation reaction. Alternatively, components A) and D) are combined, mixed, and heated to 70-90″C, catalyst C) added, and subsequently component B) is added.
The process of the present disclosure may further include the step of mixing an organovinylsiloxane to the gel composition. Organovinylsiloxanes are organopolysiloxanes having at least one vinyl (Vi is CH2═CH—) containing siloxy unit, that is at least one siloxy unit in the organopolysiloxane has the formula (R2ViSiO0.5), (RViSiO), or (ViSiO1.5). The addition of an organovinylsiloxane may enhance the long term stability of the gel composition. Although not wishing to be bound by any theory, the present inventors believe the addition of the organovinylsiloxane may react with residual SiH that may remain on the silicone organic elastomer.
Component E) is active selected from any personal or health care active. As used herein, a “personal care active” means any compound or mixtures of compounds that are known in the art as additives in the personal care formulations that are typically added for the purpose of treating hair or skin to provide a cosmetic and/or aesthetic benefit. A “healthcare active” means any compound or mixtures of compounds that are known in the art to provide a pharmaceutical or medical benefit. Thus, “healthcare active” include materials considered as an active ingredient or active drug ingredient as generally used and defined by the United States Department of Health & Human Services Food and Drug Administration, contained in Title 21, Chapter 1, of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 200-299 and Parts 300-499.
Thus, active ingredient can include any component that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or to affect the structure or any function of the body of a human or other animals. The phrase can include those components that may undergo chemical change in the manufacture of drug products and be present in drug products in a modified form intended to furnish the specified activity or effect.
Some representative examples of active ingredients include; drugs, vitamins, minerals; hormones; topical antimicrobial agents such as antibiotic active ingredients, antifungal active ingredients for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, or ringworm, and acne active ingredients; astringent active ingredients; deodorant active ingredients; wart remover active ingredients; corn and callus remover active ingredients; pediculicide active ingredients for the treatment of head, pubic (crab), and body lice; active ingredients for the control of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or psoriasis; and sunburn prevention and treatment agents.
Useful active ingredients for use in processes according to the invention include vitamins and its derivatives, including “pro-vitamins”. Vitamins useful herein include, but are not limited to, Vitamin A1, retinol, C2-C18 esters of retinol, vitamin E, tocopherol, esters of vitamin E, and mixtures thereof. Retinol includes trans-retinol, 1,3-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 9-cis-retinol, and 3,4-didehydro-retinol, Vitamin C and its derivatives, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Pro Vitamin 85, panthenol, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, niacin, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid. Other suitable vitamins and the INCI names for the vitamins considered included herein are ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, ascorbyl glucocide, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbate, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, potassium (ascorbyl/tocopheryl) phosphate.
RETINOL, it should be noted, is an International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient Name (INCI) designated by The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA), Washington D.C., for vitamin A. Other suitable vitamins and the INCI names for the vitamins considered included herein are RETINYL ACETATE, RETINYL PALMITATE, RETINYL PROPIONATE, α-TOCOPHEROL, TOCOPHERSOLAN, TOCOPHERYL ACETATE, TOCOPHERYL LINOLEATE, TOCOPHERYL NICOTINATE, and TOCOPHERYL SUCCINATE.
Some examples of commercially available products suitable for use herein are Vitamin A Acetate and Vitamin C, both products of Fluka Chemie AG, Buchs, Switzerland; COVI-OX T-50, a vitamin E product of Henkel Corporation, La Grange, Ill.; COVI-OX T-70, another vitamin E product of Henkel Corporation, La Grange, Ill.; and vitamin E Acetate, a product of Roche Vitamins & Fine Chemicals, Nutley, N.J.
The active ingredient used in processes according to the invention can be an active drug ingredient. Representative examples of some suitable active drug ingredients which can be used are hydrocortisone, ketoprofen, timolol, pilocarpine, adriamycin, mitomycin C, morphine, hydromorphone, diltiazem, theophylline, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, heparin, G, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, 6-azauridine, 6-thioguanine, vinblastine, vincristine, Neomycin sulfate, aurothioglucose, suramin, mebendazole, clonidine, scopolamine, propranolol, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, ouabain, atropine, haloperidol, isosorbide, nitroglycerin, ibuprofen, ubiquinones, indomethacin, prostaglandins, naproxen, salbutarnol, guanabenz, labetalol, pheniramine, metrifonate, and steroids.
Considered to be included herein as active drug ingredients for purposes of the present invention are antiacne agents such as benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin; antibacterial agents such as chlorohexadiene gluconate; antifungal agents such as miconazole nitrate; anti-inflammatory agents; corticosteroidal drugs; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as diclofenac; antipsoriasis agents such as clobetasol propionate; anesthetic agents such as lidocaine; anti pruritic agents; antidermatitis agents; and agents generally considered barrier films.
The active component E) of the present invention can be a protein, such as an enzyme. Enzymes include, but are not limited to, commercially available types, improved types, recombinant types, wild types, variants not found in nature, and mixtures thereof. For example, suitable enzymes include hydrolases, cutinases, oxidases, transferases, reductases, hemicellulases, esterases, isomerases, pectinases, lactases, peroxidases, laccases, catalases, and mixtures thereof. Hydrolases include, but are not limited to, proteases (bacterial, fungal, acid, neutral or alkaline), amylases (alpha or beta), lipases, mannanases, cellulases, collagenases, lisozymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mixtures thereof. Said protease include, but are not limited to, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, pancreatin and other mammalian enzymes; papain, bromelain and other botanical enzymes; subtilisin, epidermin, nisin, naringinase(L-rhammnosidase) urokinase and other bacterial enzymes. Said lipase include, but are not limited to, triacyl-glycerol lipases, monoacyl-glycerol lipases, lipoprotein lipases, e.g. steapsin, erepsin, pepsin, other mammalian, botanical, bacterial lipases and purified ones. Natural papain is preferred as said enzyme. Further, stimulating hormones, e.g. insulin, can be used together with these enzymes to boost the effectiveness of them.
Component E) may also be a sunscreen agent. The sunscreen agent can be selected from any sunscreen agent known in the art to protect skin from the harmful effects of exposure to sunlight. The sunscreen compound is typically chosen from an organic compound, an inorganic compound, or mixtures thereof that absorbs ultraviolet (UV) light. Thus, representative non limiting examples that can be used as the sunscreen agent include; Aminobenzoic Acid, Cinoxate, Diethanolamine Methoxycinnamate, Digalloyl Trioleate, Dioxybenzone, Ethyl 4-[bis(Hydroxypropyl)] Aminobenzoate, Glyceryl Aminobenzoate, Homosalate, Lawsone with Dihydroxyacetone, Menthyl Anthranilate, Octocrylene, Octyl Methoxycinnamate (Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate), Octyl Salicylate, (Et)ylhexyl Salicylate) Oxybenzone, Padimate O, Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid, Red Petrolatum, Sulisobenzone, Titanium Dioxide, and Trolamine Salicylate, cetaminosalol, Allatoin PABA, Benzalphthalide, Benzophenone, Benzophenone 1-12,3-Benzylidene Camphor, Benzylidenecamphor Hydrolyzed Collagen Sulfonamide, Benzylidene Camphor Sulfonic Acid, Benzyl Salicylate, Bornelone, Bumetriozole, Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane, Butyl PABA, Ceria/Silica, Ceria/Silica Talc, Cinoxate, DEA-Methoxycinnarnate, Dibenzoxazol Naphthalene, Di-t-Butyl Hydroxybenzylidene Camphor, Digalloyl Trioleate, Diisopropyl Methyl Cinnamate, Dimethyl PABA Ethyl Cetearyldimonium Tosylate, Dioctyl Butamido Triazone, Diphenyl Carbomethoxy Acetoxy Naphthopyran, Disodium Bisethylphenyl Tiamminotriazine Stilbenedisulfonate, Disodium Distyrylbiphenyl Triaminotriazine Stilbenedisulfonate, Disodium Distyrylbiphenyl Disulfonate, Drometrizole, Drometrizole Trisiloxane, Ethyl Dihydroxypropyl PABA, Ethyl Diisopropylcinnamate, Ethyl Methoxycinnamate, Ethyl PABA, Ethyl Urocanate, Etrocrylene Ferulic Acid, Glyceryl Octanoate Dimethoxycinnamate, Glyceryl PARA, Glycol Salicylate, Homosalate, Isoamyl p-Methoxycinnamate, Isopropylbenzyl Salicylate, Isopropyl Dibenzolylmethane, Isopropyl Methoxycinnamate, Menthyl Anthranilate, Menthyl Salicylate, 4-Methylbenzylidene, Camphor, Octocrylene, Octrizole, Octyl Dimethyl PABA, Octyl Methoxycinnamate, Octyl Salicylate, Octyl Triazone, PABA, PEG-25 PABA, Pentyl Dimethyl PABA, Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid, Polyacrylamidomethyl Benzylidene Camphor, Potassium Methoxycinnamate, Potassium Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonate, Red Petrolatum, Sodium Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonate, Sodium Urocanate, TEA-Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonate, TEA-Salicylate, Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid, Titanium Dioxide, Zinc Dioxide, Serium Dioxide, TriPABA Panthenol, Urocanic Acid, and VA/Crotonates/Methacryloxybenzophenone-1 Copolymer. These sunscreen agent can be selected one or combination of more than one. [0065]
Alternatively, the sunscreen agent is a cinnamate based organic compound, or alternatively, the sunscreen agent is octyl methoxycinnamate, (Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate) such as Uvinul® MC 80 an ester of para-methoxycinnamic acid and 2-ethylhexanol.
Component E) may also be a fragrance or perfume. The perfume can be any perfume or fragrance active ingredient commonly used in the perfume industry. These compositions typically belong to a variety of chemical classes, as varied as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, acetates, nitrites, terpenic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic nitrogen or sulfur containing compounds, as well as essential oils of natural or synthetic origin. Many of these perfume ingredients are described in detail in standard textbook references such as Perfume and Flavour Chemicals, 1969, S. Arctander, Montclair, N.J.
Fragrances may be exemplified by, but not limited to, perfume ketones and perfume aldehydes. Illustrative of the perfume ketones are buccoxime; iso jasmone; methyl beta naphthyl ketone; musk indanone; tonalid/musk plus; Alpha-Damascone, Beta-Damascone, Delta-Damascone, Iso-Damascone, Damascenone, Damarose, Methyl-Dihydrojasmonate, Menthone, Carvone, Camphor, Fenchone, Alpha-lonone, Beta-lonone, Gamma-Methyl so-called lonone, Fleuramone, Dihydrojasmone, Cis-Jasmone, Iso-E-Super, Methyl-Cedrenyl-ketone or Methyl-Cedrylone, Acetophenone, Methyl-Acetophenone, Para-Methoxy-Acetophenone, Methyl-Beta-Naphtyl-Ketone, Benzyl-Acetone, Benzophenone, Para-Hydroxy-Phenyl-Butanone, Celery Ketone or Livescone, 6-Isopropyldecahydro-2-naphtone, Dimethyl-Octenone, Freskomenthe, 4-(1-Ethoxyvinyl)-3,3,5,5,-tetramethyl-Cyclohexanone, Methyl-Heptenone, 2-(2-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propyl)-cyclopentanone, 1-(p-Menthen-6(2)-yl)-1-propanone, 4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, 2-Acetyl-3,3-Dimethyl-Norbornane, 6,7-Dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-Pentamethyl-4(5H)-Indanone, 4-Damascol, Dulcinyl or Cassione, Gelsone, Hexylon, Isocyclemone E, Methyl Cyclocitrone, Methyl-Lavender-Ketone, Orivon, Para-tertiary-Butyl-Cyclohexanone, Verdone, Delphone, Muscone, Neobutenone, Plicatone, Veloutone, 2,44,7-Tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-one, and Tetrameran.
More preferably, the perfume ketones are selected for its odor character from Alpha Damascone, Delta Damascone, Iso Damascone, Carvone, Gamma-Methyl-lonone, Super, 2,4,4,7-Tetramethyl-oct-6-en-3-one, Benzyl Acetone, Beta Damascone, Damascenone, methyl dihydrojasmonate, methyl cedrylone, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the perfume aldehyde is selected for its odor character from adoxal; anisic aldehyde; cymal; ethyl vanillin; florhydral; helional; heliotropin; hydroxycitronellal, koavone; Laurie aldehyde; lyral; methyl nonyl acetaldehyde; P. T. bucinal; phenyl acetaldehyde; undecylenic aldehyde; vanillin; 2,6,10-trimethyl-9-undecenal, 3-dodecen-1-al, alpha-n-amyl cinnamic aldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 3′(4-tort butylphenyl)-propanal, 2-methyl-3-(para-methoxyphenyl propanal, 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2(1)-cyclohexen-1-yl) butanal, 3-phenyl-2-propenal, cis-/trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-al, [(3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl)oxy]acetaldehyde, 4-isopropylbenzyaldehyde, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-(isopropylphenyl)propanal, 1-decanal; decyl aldehyde, 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, 4-(tricyclo[5.2,1.0(2,6)]-decylidene-8)-butanal, octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenecarboxaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, para-ethyl-alpha, alpha-dimethyl hydrocinnamaldehyde, alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-hydrocinnamaldehyde, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, alpha-n-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, m-cymene-7-carboxaldehyde, alpha-methyl phenyl acetaldehyde, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl octanal, Undecenal, 2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 4-(3)(4-meth pentenyl)-3-cyclohexen-carboxaldehyde, 1-dodecanal, 2,4-dimethyl cyclohexene-3-carboxaldehyde, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl pentyl)-3-cylohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 7-methoxy-3,7-dimethyloctan-1-al, 2-methyl undecanal, 2-methyl decanal, 1-nonanal, 1-octanal, 2,6,10-trimethyl-5,9-undecadienal, 2-methyl-3-(4-tertbutyl)propanal, dihydrocinnamic aldehyde, 1-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, 5 or 6 methoxyl 0 hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-1 or 2-carboxaldehyde, 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-al, 1-undecanal, 10-undecen-1-al, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde, 1-methyl-3-(4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclhexenecarboxaldehyde, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-octanal, trans-4-decenal, 2,6-nonadienal, paratolylacetaldehyde; 4-methylphenylacetaldehyde, 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butena 1, ortho-methoxycinnamic aldehyde, 3,5,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, 3,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-octenal, phenoxyacetaldehyde, 5,9-dimethyl-4,8-decadienal, peony aldehyde, (6,10-dimethyl-3-oxa-5,9-undecadien-1-al), hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-1-carboxaldehyde, 2-methyl octanal, alpha-methyl-4-(1-methyl ethyl)benzene acetaldehyde, 6,6-dimethyl-2-norpinene-2-propionaldehyde, para methyl phenoxy acetaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-al, 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanal, Hexahydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-naphthaldehyde, 3-propyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde, 9-decenal, 3-methyl-5-phenyl-1-pentanal, methylnonyl acetaldehyde, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, 1-p-menthene-q-carboxaldehyde and mixtures thereof.
More preferred aldehydes are selected for their odor character from 1-decanal, benzaldehyde, florhydral, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde; cis/trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al; heliotropin; 2,4,6-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde; 2,6-nonadienal; alpha-n-amyl cinnamic aldehyde, alpha-n-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, P.T. Bucinal, lyral, cymal, methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, and mixture thereof.
In the above list of perfume ingredients, some are commercial names conventionally known to one skilled in the art, and also includes isomers. Such isomers are also suitable, for use in the present invention.
Component E) may also be one or more plant extract. Examples of these components are as follows: Ashitaba extract, avocado extract, hydrangea extract, Althea extract, Arnica extract, aloe extract, apricot extract, apricot kernel extract, Ginkgo Biloba extract, fennel extract, turmeric[Curcuma] extract, oolong tea extract, rose fruit extract, Echinacea extract, Scutellaria root extract, Phellodendro bark extract, Japanese Coptis extract, Barley extract, Hyperium extract, White Nettle extract, Watercress extract, Orange extract, Dehydrated saltwater, seaweed extract, hydrolyzed elastin, hydrolyzed wheat powder, hydrolyzed silk, Chamomile extract, Carrot extract, Artemisia extract, Glycyrrhiza extract, hibiscustea extract, Pyracantha Fortuneana Fruit extract, Kiwi extract, Cinchona extract, cucumber extract, guanocine. Gardenia extract, Sasa Albo-marginata extract, Sophora root extract, Walnut extract, Grapefruit extract, Clematis extract, Chlorella extract, mulberry extract, Gentiana extract, black tea extract, yeast extract, burdock extract, rice bran ferment extract, rice germ oil, comfrey extract, collagen, cowberry extract, Gardenia extract, Asiasarurn Root extract, Family of Bupleurum extract, umbilical cord extract, Salvia extract, Saponaria extract, Bamboo extract, Crataegus fruit extract, Zanthoxylum fruit extract, shiitake extract, Rehmannia root extract, gromwell extract, Perilla extract, linden extract, Filipendula extract, peony extract, Calamus Root extract, white birch extract, Horsetail extract, Hedera Helix(Ivy) extract, hawthorn extract, Sambucus nigra extract, Achillea millefolium extract, Mentha piperita extract, sage extract, mallow extract, Cnidiurn officinale Root extract, Japanese green gentian extract, soybean extract, jujube extract, thyme extract, tea extract, clove extract, Gramineae imperata cyrillo extract, Citrus unshiu peel extract Japanese Angellica Root extract, Calendula extract, Peach Kernel extract, Bitter orange peel extract, Houttuyna cordata extract, tomato extract, natto extract, Ginseng extract, Green tea extract (camelliea sinesis), garlic extract, wild rose extract, hibiscus extract, Ophiopogon tuber extract, Nelumbo nucifera extract, parsley extract, honey, hamamelis extract, Parietaria extract, Isodonis herba extract, bisabolol extract, Loquat extract, coitsfoot extract, butterbur extract, Porid cocos wolf extract, extract of butcher's broom, grape extract, propolis extract, luffa extract, safflower extract, peppermintextract, linden tree extract, Paeonia extract, hop extract, pine tree extract, horse chestnut extract, Mizu-bashou [Lysichiton camtschatcese]extract, Mukurossi peel extract, Melissa extract, peach extract, cornflower extract, eucalyptus extract, saxifrage extract, citron extract, coix extract, mugwort extract, lavender extract, apple extract, lettuce extract, lemon extract, Chinese milk vetch extract, rose extract, rosemary extract, Roman Chamomile extract, and royal jelly extract.
The amount of component E) present in the silicone gel composition may vary, but typically range as follows;
0.05 to 50 wt %, alternatively 1 to 25 wt %, or alternatively 1 to 10 wt %,
based on the amount by weight of silicone elastomer gel present in the composition, that is total weight of components A), B), C) and D) in the silicone gel composition.
The active, component E), may be added to the silicone gel composition either during the making of the silicone elastomer (pre-load method), or added after the formation of the silicone elastomer gel (post load method).
The gel compositions of the present invention can be used to prepare gel blends or paste compositions by;
I) shearing the silicone organic elastomer gel, as described above,
III) combining the sheared silicone organic elastomer gel with additional quantities of
The silicone organic elastomer gel compositions of the present invention may be considered as discrete crosslinked silicone organic elastomers dispersed in carrier fluids. The silicone organic elastomer gel compositions are also effective rheological thickeners for many organic and silicone fluids. As such they can be used to prepare useful gel blend compositions, such as “paste” compositions.
To make such silicone organic elastomer pastes, the aforementioned silicone organic elastomer gels of known initial elastomer content are sheared to obtain small particle size may optionally be further diluted to a final elastomer content. “Shearing”, as used herein refers to any shear mixing process, such as obtained from homogenizing, sonalating, or any other mixing processes known in the art as shear mixing. The shear mixing of the silicone organic elastomer gel composition results in a composition having reduced particle size. The subsequent composition having reduced particle size is then further combined with additional quantities of ii) the carrier fluid. Typically, the amount of carrier fluid added to the gel to form the gel paste is sufficient to provide a gel paste composition containing 30 wt % of the silicone organic elastomer, alternatively 20 wt %, or alternatively 10 wt %. The carrier fluid may be any carrier fluid as described above, but typically is a aliphatic hydrocarbon. The technique for combining the ii) the carrier fluid with the silicone organic elastomer composition, and typically involves simple stirring or mixing. The resulting compositions may be considered as a paste, having a viscosity at least 50 Pa·s, alternatively at least 100 Pa·s, or alternatively at least 200 Pa·s, as measured on a Brookfield DVII+ viscometer with Helipath attachment using spindle T-D (20.4 mm crossbar) at 2.5 rpm.
F) Additional Optional components
Composition according to the invention may also contain a number of optional ingredients. In particular, these optional components are selected from those known in the state of the art to be ingredient in personal care formulations. Illustrative, non-limiting examples include; surfactants, solvents, powders, coloring agents, thickeners, waxes, stabilizing agents, pH regulators, and silicones.
Thickening agent may be added to the aqueous phase of the compositions to provide a convenient viscosity. For example, viscosities within the range of 500 to 25,000 mm2/s at 25° C. or more alternatively in the range of 3,000 to 7,000 mm2/s are usually suitable.
Suitable thickening agents are exemplified by sodium alginate, gum arabic, polyoxyethylene, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, ethoxylated alcohols, such as laureth-4 or polyethylene glycol 400, cellulose derivatives exemplified by methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polypropylhydroxyethylcellulose, starch, and starch derivatives exemplified by hydroxyethylamylose and starch amylose, locust bean gum, electrolytes exemplified by sodium chloride and ammonium chloride, and saccharides such as fructose and glucose, and derivatives of saccharides such as PEG-120 methyl glucose diolate or mixtures of 2 or more of these. Alternatively the thickening agent is selected from cellulose derivatives, saccharide derivatives, and electrolytes, or from a combination of two or more of the above thickening agents exemplified by a combination of a cellulose derivative and any electrolyte, and a starch derivative and any electrolyte. The thickening agent, where used is present in the shampoo compositions of this invention in an amount sufficient to provide a viscosity in the final shampoo composition of from 500 to 25,000 mm2/s. Alternatively the thickening agent is present in an amount from about 0.05 to 10 wt % and alternatively 0.05 to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the composition.
Thickeners based on acrylate derivatives such as Polyacrylate crosspolymer, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, polyacrylamide derivatives, Sodium polyacrylate may be added.
Stabilizing agents can be used in the water phase of the compositions. Suitable water phase stabilizing agents can include alone or in combination one or more electrolytes, polyols, alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, and hydrocolloids. Typical electrolytes are alkali metal salts and alkaline earth salts, especially the chloride, borate, citrate, and sulfate salts of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, as well as aluminum chlorohydrate, and polyelectrolytes, especially hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate. When the stabilizing agent is, or includes, an electrolyte, it amounts to about 0.1 to 5 wt % and more alternatively 0.5 to 3 wt % of the total composition. The hydrocolloids include gums, such as Xantham gum or Veegum and thickening agents, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, Polyols, such as glycerine, glycols, and sorbitols can also be used. Alternative polyols are glycerine, propylene glycol, sorbitol and butylene glycol. If a large amount of a polyol is used, one need not add the electrolyte. However, it is typical to use a combination of an electrolyte, a 1) polyol and an hydrocolloid to stabilize the water phase, e.g. magnesium sulfate, butylene glycol and Xantham gum.
Other additives can include powders and pigments especially when the composition according to the invention is intended to be used for make-up. The powder component of the invention can be generally defined as dry, particulate matter having a particle size of 0.02-50 microns. The particulate matter may be colored or non-colored (for example white). Suitable powders include but not limited to bismuth oxychloride, titanated mica, fumed silica, spherical silica beads, polymethylmethacrylate beads, boron nitride, aluminum silicate, aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, bentonite, kaolin, magnesium aluminum silicate, silica, Silica silylate, talc, mica, titanium dioxide, kaolin, nylon, silk powder. The above mentioned powders may be surface treated to render the particles hydrophobic in nature.
The powder component also comprises various organic and inorganic pigments. The organic pigments are generally various aromatic types including azo, indigoid, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone, and xanthine dyes which are designated as D&C and FD&C blues, browns, greens, oranges, reds, yellows, etc. Inorganic pigments generally consist of insoluble metallic salts of certified color additives, referred to as the Lakes or iron oxides. A pulverulent colouring agent, such as carbon black, chromium or iron oxides, ultramarines, manganese pyrophosphate, iron blue, and titanium dioxide, pearlescent agents, generally used as a mixture with coloured pigments, or some organic dyes, generally used as a mixture with coloured pigments and commonly used in the cosmetics industry, can be added to the composition. In general, these coulouring agents can be present in an amount by weight from 0 to 20% with respect to the weight of the final composition. Pulverulent inorganic or organic fillers can also be added, generally in an amount by weight from 0 to 40% with respect to the weight of the final composition. These pulverulent fillers can be chosen from talc, micas, kaolin, zinc or titanium oxides, calcium or magnesium carbonates, silica, spherical titanium dioxide, glass or ceramic beads, metal soaps derived from carboxylic acids having 8-22 carbon atoms, non-expanded synthetic polymer powders, expanded powders and powders from natural organic compounds, such as cereal starches, which may or may not be crosslinked, copolymer microspheres such as EXPANCEL (Nobel Industrie), polytrap and silicone resin microbeads (TOSPEARL from Toshiba, for example),
The waxes or wax-like materials useful in the composition according of the invention have generally have a melting point range of 35 to 120° C. at atmospheric pressure. Waxes in this category include synthetic wax, ceresin, paraffin, ozokerite, beeswax, carnauba, microcrystalline, lanolin, lanolin derivatives, candelilla, cocoa butter, shellac spermaceti, bran wax, capok wax, sugar cane wax, montan wax, whale wax, bayberry wax, Soy waxes or mixtures thereof. Mention may be made, among the waxes capable of being used as non-silicone fatty substances, of animal waxes, such as beeswax; vegetable waxes, such as carnauba, candelilla wax; mineral waxes, for example paraffin or lignite wax or microcrystalline waxes or ozokerites; synthetic waxes, including polyethylene waxes, and waxes obtained by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Mention may be made, among the silicone waxes, of polymethylsiloxane alkyls, alkoxys and/or esters.
Such optional components include other silicones (including any already described above), organofunctional siloxanes, alkylmethylsiloxanes, siloxane resins and silicone gums.
Alkylmethylsiloxanes may be included in the present compositions. These siloxane polymers generally will have the formula Me3SiO[Me2SiO]y[MeRSiO]ZSiMe3, in which R is a hydrocarbon group containing 6-30 carbon atoms, Me represents methyl, and the degree of polymerization (DP), i.e., the sum of y and z is 3-50. Both the volatile and liquid species of alkymethysiloxanes can be used in the composition. Phenyl functional siloxanes may also be added such as Dow Corning® 556 Fluid.
Silicone gums may be included in the present compositions. Polydiorganosiloxane gums are known in the art and are available commercially. They consist of generally insoluble polydiorganosiloxanes having a viscosity in excess of 1,000,000 centistoke (mm2/s) at 25° C., alternatively greater than 5,000,000 centistoke (mm2/s) at 25° C. These silicone gums are typically sold as compositions already dispersed in a suitable solvent to facilitate their handling. Ultra-high viscosity silicones can also be included as optional ingredients. These ultra-high viscosity silicones typically have a kinematic viscosity greater than 5 million centistoke (mm2/s) at 25° C., to about 20 million centistoke (mm2/s) at 25° C. Compositions of this type in the form of suspensions are most preferred, and are described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,682 (January 2000).
Silicone resins may be included in the present compositions. These resin compositions are generally highly crosslinked polymeric siloxanes. Crosslinking is obtained by incorporating trifunctional and/or tetrafunctional silanes with the monofunctional silane and/or difunctional silane monomers used during manufacture. The degree of crosslinking required to obtain a suitable silicone resin will vary according to the specifics of the silane monomer units incorporated during manufacture of the silicone resin. In general, any silicone having a sufficient level of trifunctional and tetrafunctional siloxane monomer units, and hence possessing sufficient levels of crosslinking to dry down to a rigid or a hard film can b considered to be suitable for use as the silicone resin. Commercially available silicone resins suitable for applications herein are generally supplied in an unhardened form in low viscosity volatile or nonvolatile silicone fluids. The silicone resins should be incorporated into compositions of the invention in their non-hardened forms rather than as hardened resinous structures.
Silicone carbinol Fluids may be included in the present compositions. These materials are described in WO 03/101412 A2, and can be commonly described as substituted hydrocarbyl functional siloxane fluids or resins.
Water soluble or water dispersible silicone polyether compositions may be included in the present compositions: These are also known as polyalkylene oxide silicone copolymers, silicone poly(oxyalkylene) copolymers, silicone glycol copolymers, or silicone surfactants. These can be linear rake or graft type materials. ABA or ABn type where the B is the siloxane polymer block, and the A is the poly(oxyalkylene) group. The poly(oxyalkylene) group can consist of polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, or mixed polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide groups. Other oxides, such as butylene oxide or phenylene oxide are also possible.
Compositions according to the invention can be used in w/o, w/s, or multiple phase emulsions using silicone emulsifiers. Typically the water-in-silicone emulsifier in such formulation is non-ionic and is selected from polyoxyalkylene-substituted silicones (rake or ABn type), silicone alkanolamides, silicone esters and silicone glycosides. Suitable silicone-based surfactants are well known in the art, and have been described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,122,029 (Gee et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,417 (Rentsch), and U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,487 (Schulz et al), JP 2001-294512
When the composition according to the invention is an oil-in-water emulsion, it will include common ingredients generally used for preparing emulsions such as but not limited to non ionic surfactants well known in the art to prepare o/w emulsions. Examples of nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ethers, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleates, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene ethoxylated trimethylnonanols, and polyoxyalkylene glycol modified polysiloxane surfactants.
The composition according to the invention can also be under the form of aerosols in combination with propellant gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, volatile hydrocarbons such as butane, isobutane, or propane and chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons such as dichlorodifluoromethane and dichlorotetrafluoroethane or dimethylether.
The silicone elastomer gel compositions can be used in a variety of personal, household, and healthcare applications. In particular, the compositions of the present invention may be used: as thickening agents, as taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,051,216, 5,919,441, 5,981,680; to structure oils, as disclosed in WO 2004/060271 and WO 2004/060101; in sunscreen compositions as taught in WO 2004/060276; as structuring agents in cosmetic compositions also containing film-forming resins, as disclosed in WO 03/105801; in the cosmetic compositions as taught in US Patent Application Publications 2003/0235553, 2003/0072730, 2003/0170188, EP 1,266,647, EP 1,266,648, EP1,266,653, WO 03/105789, WO 2004/000247 and WO 03/106614; as structuring agents as taught in WO 2004/054523; in long wearing cosmetic compositions as taught in US Patent Application Publication 2004/0180032; in transparent or translucent care and/or make up compositions as discussed in WO 2004/054524; all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Silicone elastomer gels can also be used in anti-perspirant and deodorant compositions under but not limited to the form of sticks, soft solid, roll on, aerosol, and pumpsprays. Some examples of antiperspirant agents and deodorant agents are Aluminum Chloride, Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex GLY, Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex PEG, Aluminum Chlorohydrex, Aluminum Zirconium Tetrachlorohydrex PG, Aluminum Chlorohydrex PEG, Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrate, Aluminum Chlorohydrex PG, Aluminum Zirconium Trichlorohydrex GEN, Hexachlorophene, Benzalkonium Chloride, Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Aluminum Sesquichlorohydrex PEG, Chlorophyllin-Copper Complex, Triclosan, Aluminum Zirconium Octachlorohydrate, and Zinc Ricinoleate.
The personal care compositions of this invention may be in the form of a cream, a gel, a powder, a paste, or a freely pourable liquid. Generally, such compositions can generally be prepared at room temperature if no solid materials at room temperature are presents in the compositions, using simple propeller mixers. Brookfield counter-rotating mixers, or homogenizing mixers. No special equipment or processing conditions are typically required. Depending on the type of form made, the method of preparation will be different, but such methods are well known in the art.
The compositions according to this invention can be used by the standard methods, such as applying them to the human body, e.g. skin or hair, using applicators, brushes, applying by hand, pouring them and/or possibly rubbing or massaging the composition onto or into the body. Removal methods, for example for colour cosmetics are also well known standard methods, including washing, wiping, peeling and the like. For use on the skin, the compositions according to the present invention may be used in a conventional manner for example for conditioning the skin. An effective amount of the composition for the purpose is applied to the skin. Such effective amounts generally range from about 1 mg/cm2 to about 3 mg/cm2. Application to the skin typically includes working the composition into the skin. This method for applying to the skin comprises the steps of contacting the skin with the composition in an effective amount and then rubbing the composition into the skin. These steps can be repeated as many times as desired to achieve the desired benefit.
The use of the compositions according to the invention on hair may use a conventional manner for conditioning hair. An effective amount of the composition for conditioning hair is applied to the hair. Such effective amounts generally range from about 1 g to about 50 g, preferably from about 1 g to about 20 g, Application to the hair typically includes working the composition through the hair such that most or all of the hair is contacted with the composition. This method for conditioning the hair comprises the steps of applying an effective amount of the hair care composition to the hair, and then working the composition through the hair. These steps can be repeated as many times as desired to achieve the desired conditioning benefit. When a high silicone content is incorporated in a hair care composition according to the invention, this may be a useful material for split end hair products.
The compositions according to this invention can be used on the skin of humans or animals for example to moisturize, color or generally improve the appearance or to apply actives, such as sunscreens, deodorants, insect repellents etc.
These examples are intended to illustrate the invention to one of ordinary skill in the art and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention set forth in the claims. All measurements and experiments were conducted at 23° C., unless indicated otherwise,
Organohydrogensiloxane 1=a dimethyl, methylhydrogen polysiloxane having an average formula of (CH3)3SiO[CH3)2SiO]x[(CH3)HSiO]ySi (CH3)3, where x and y are of a value such that the organohydrogensiloxane has a viscosity of 116 mm2/s (cSt) at 23° C. and contains 0.084 wt. % H as Si—H.
Organohydrogensiloxane 2=a dimethyl, methylhydrogen polysiloxane having an average formula of (CH3)3SiO[(CH3)2SiO]x[(CH3)HSiO]ySi (CH3)3, where x and y are of a value such that the organohydrogensiloxane has a viscosity of 67 (cSt) at 23° C. and contains 0.15 wt. % as Si—H.
Organovinylsiloxane=a vinyl terminal dimethyl polysiloxane having the formula (ViMe2SiO0.5)2(Me2SiO), where x is of a value such that the organovinylsiloxane has a viscosity of 5 mm2/s (cSt) at 23° C.
Polyalkyloxylenes having either one or two terminal allyl groups and varying amounts of propylene or ethylene oxide units were used in these example as summarized in the table below.
di-allyl functional polyalkylene oxides were synthesized from the corresponding OH terminal polyalkylene oxides by reaction with NaH to form the alkoxide, which was then reacted with allyl chloride to form the allyl terminal polyether. Alternately, the di-allyl functional polyalkylene oxides may be purchased commercially.
First, 42.40 g (35.5 mmol Si—H) Organohydrogensiloxane 1, 983 Polyalkyloxylene 1, and 194 g of isododecane were weighed into a 16 oz wide mouth jar containing a teflon coated stir bar. Then, the jar was sealed and heated to 70° C. using either a water bath or oven The jar was removed from heat, and then while stirring, 0.6 g of SYLOFF 4000 catalyst (0.52 wt. % platinum) was added to provide 12 ppm platinum. The jar was capped, place in a 70° C. water bath, and stirring continued until the reaction mixture gelled. The mixture was held at 70° C. in either a water bath or oven for an additional 3 hours to provide a gel containing 21.1% silicone-organic elastomer.
Gels containing polyalkyloxylene crosslinked silicone organic elastomers having varying amounts of propylene oxide units (17.3 or 34.6) were synthesized using the procedure as described above. The formulations used to prepare these gel compositions are summarized in Table 1.
First, 50.32 g (42.2 mmol Si—H) of Organohydrogensiloxane 1, 1.88 g (46.3 meq unsaturation) of 1,5-hexadiene, and 194 g of isododecane were weighed into a 16 oz wide mouth jar containing a stir bar. The 8.5% excess of olefin (Si—H:Vi=092) was intended to minimize the amount of residual Si—H. The jar was sealed and then heated to 70° C. in an oven. The jar was removed from heat, and then while stirring, 0.6 g of SYLOFF 4000 catalyst (0.52 wt. 96 platinum) was added. This brought the mixture up to 12 ppm platinum. The jar was capped and then placed in a 70° C. water bath where stirring continued until gelation. The mixture was held at 70° C. in an oven for 3 hours to form the gel containing 21.1% elastomer.
The elastomer gels, as made in Example 1 and Example 2, were made into gel pastes using high shear mixing. The shear steps included the addition of isododecane, organovinylsiloxane, and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) to produce the pastes shown in Tables 2-5. The materials in Table 2 were sheared in a Waring Commercial Laboratory Blender. In shear step 1, the gel was sheared for 20 seconds at setting 1, then 20 seconds at setting 3, then 20 seconds at setting 5. Isododecane and an organovinylsiloxane were added followed by shearing for 30 seconds at each of the following settings: 1, 2, 3, 3. Between each setting, the material was scraped from the sides of the mixer cup using a spatula. Before the third shear step, additional isododecane and octyl methoxycinnamate were added according to Table 2 followed by 20 second shearing at each of the following settings: 1, 1, 1. Between each setting, the material was scraped from the sides of the mixer cup. The materials in Tables 3-5 were sheared using a Hauschild Speed Mixer model DAC 150 FVZ purchased from FlackTek Inc. In the first shear step, the gel was sheared for 25 seconds on the maximum setting (approximately 3500 rpm). Isododecane and an organovinylsiloxane were added followed by shearing for 25 seconds on the maximum setting. Additional isododecane and octyl methoxycinnamate were added and the material was sheared for 25 seconds on the maximum setting. The materials in Table 6, were processed in the same manner as in Tables 3-5, except the two shear steps were 30 seconds in duration rather than 25 seconds.
Organic compatibility of We silicone organic elastomer gels may be improved by increasing the degree of polymerization (DP) of the polypropylene glycol (PPG) crosslinker, as demonstrated in this example. When using the same organohydrogensiloxane, increasing the number of propylene oxide units in the polyalkoxylene increases the organic content of the elastomeric component and organic compatibility, as demonstrated in this example using octyl methoxycinnamate, an organic sunscreen known to have limited solubility with silicone organic elastomer gels. As summarized in Table 7, the compatibility of the silicone organic elastomer with octyl methoxycinnamate increases as the propylene oxide content increases (as denoted by DP or degree of polymerization, i.e. number of propylene oxide units), as based on clarity.
Viscosity, changes also provided an indication of compatibility. As shown in Table 8, viscosity decreases with higher octyl methoxycinnamate levels in the hexadiene-crosslinked elastomer pastes while viscosity was maintained or increased in the polypropylene glycol crosslinked elastomer pastes. The viscosities were determined on a Brookfield DV-II+ Rheometer with the Helipath attachment and T-D spindle (t-bar geometry) at 2.5 RPM. Viscosities were determined one day after the samples were synthesized. The samples were vacuum de-aired and allowed to sit undisturbed for a minimum of four hours prior to testing. The data were acquired during two cycles of a down and up path through the sample. The reported viscosity was an average of the first upward and second downward pass of the t-bar through the sample.
Table 9 summarizes compatibility data for a silicone-organic elastomer gel paste based on a polypropylene glycol crosslinker formulated with a variety of personal care ingredients at a 15 wt % addition level vs. a silicone organic elastomer gel paste based on hexadiene crosslinker. Compatibility was based on assessing both appearance (clarity and homogeneity) and thickening behaviors. Table 10 shows similar compatibility tests but using 25 wt % actives. As summarized in these tables, compatibility improved by incorporating polypropylene glycol into the elastomer.
The sensory aesthetics of neat elastomer gel pastes were evaluated using a experienced sensory panel. The resulting sensory data is shown in Charts 1 and 2, which compares the sensory aesthetics of a polyalkyloxylene crosslinked silicone organic elastomer paste (paste 2A) vs. a hexadiene crosslinked silicone organic elastomer paste. The results show the sensory profiles are similar.
In this example, crosslink a hydrophobic silicone elastomer blend is prepared by introducing pendant hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) groups onto a crosslinked silicone network
Organohydrogensiloxane 3=a dimethyl, methylhydrogen polysiloxane having an average formula of (CH3)3SiO[(CH3)2SiO]x[(CH3)HSiO]ySi (CH3)3, where x=3.54 and y=6.29. The organohydrogen siloxane contains 0.0790 wt. % H as Si—H.
Organovinylsiloxane 2=a lightly branched vinyl terminal siloxane having an approximate mole fraction composition of (ViMe2SiO0.5)0.31(Me2SiO)0.960(SiO2)0.87.
Polyalkyloxylene 4=a mono allyl terminal poly(propylene oxide) having an average structure of CH2═CHCH2O(CH2CH(CH3)O)28.7(CH2)3CH3.
Pt Catalyst Solution=1.25 wt. % platinum as Karstedt's catalyst in isododecane.
First, 1.96 g (15.4 mmol Si—H) of Organohydrogensiloxane 3, 30.41 g (12.8 meg unsaturation) of organovinylsiloxane 2, 7.61 g (4.28 meq unsaturation) of Polyalkyloxylene 4 182.23 g of isododecane and 170 microliters of platinum catalyst solution were weighed into an 8 oz wide mouth jar containing a teflon coated stir bar. The jar was sealed and placed into a 70° C. water bath for 3 hours. Stirring was maintained until the mixture gelled. The result was a gel containing 18.0 wt. % of a silicone-organic elastomer isododecane. The gel was then sheared to form a paste and diluted with additional isododecane to form a paste having 16.0 wt. % elastomer. Small amounts of a vinyl functional siloxane and triphenyl phosphine were added during the shear step to eliminate residual SiH and inhibit residual platinum. The final elastomer had a viscosity of 202,000 cP as measured with a Brookfield DV-II+ Rheometer with the Helipath attachment and T-D spindle (t-bar geometry) at 2.5 RPM. Compatibility of the sample was evaluated by mixing the diluted elastomer with 25 wt. % squalane, sunflower oil, or octyl methoxycinnimate. The compatibility samples were evaluated visually for clarity and viscosity, where higher clarity and higher viscosity were considered indicative of improved compatibility. Excellent compatibility was observed for squalane and octyl methoxycinnimate, with the samples exhibiting slight haze and being non-flowable when inverted. Poor compatibility was observed with sunflower oil, with the compatibility sample being opaque and pourable. Overall, the sample showed improved compatibility with organic additives as compared to the hexadiene crosslinked elastomer in Table 10.
Personal care formulations containing representative silicone-organic gels of the present disclosure were prepared, as described in this example. The silicone-organic pastes used in these formulations were Paste 2A or 2B from Table 6. Alternately, the formulations contained silicone-organic pastes (3A, 3B, or 3C), which all contain poly(propylene oxide) chemically bound to the elastomer component. Elastomer blend 3A was prepared using the chemistry described in example 4 of WO2007109240A2, and then sheared and diluted to form a paste of elastomer in isododecane. Elastomer blends 3B and 3C were prepared following the chemistry of example 1 to make the gel, and then were diluted and sheared to make pastes in isododecane (3B) and isodecylneopentanoate (3C). All the organic compatible elastomers contained between 11 and 17% elastomer in the specified carrier solvent. In each case, the elastomer component of the elastomer blend contained between 18 and 44% of an organic moiety arising from the hydrosilylation of a poly(propylene oxide) bearing 2 unsaturated groups.
Copernicia Cerifera (Carnauba) Wax and
Parkii (Shea Butter) and Euphorbia
Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax
This example demonstrates excellent thickening achieved with the elastomer blends of interest in the current invention. In this case, elastomers were mixed with octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), Capryllic/Capric Triglyceride, or Ethanol to attain a 25 wt. % loading of the specified additive. The hydrophobic or organic compatible elastomers of interest in the current invention (3A, 4A, 4B, 4C) all contain poly (propylene oxide) chemically bound to the elastomer component. These elastomer blends were compared to DC 9040, a blend of silicone elastomer in dodecamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) available commercially from Dow Corning Corporation. Elastomer blends 4A, 4B, and 4C were prepared following the chemistry of example 1 to make the gel, and then were diluted and sheared to make pastes. Elastomer blend 3A was described in example 8. All the organic compatible elastomers contained between 14 and 17% elastomer in the specified carrier solvent. In each case, the elastomer component of the elastomer blend contained between 29 and 44% of an organic moiety arising from the hydrosilylation of a poly(propylene oxide) bearing 2 unsaturated groups. As shown in the table below, the commercial silicone elastomer blend is either incompatible or undergoes significant viscosity reduction on addition of 25 wt. % of the various additives. In contrast, the organic compatible silicone elastomer blends (3A, 4A, 4B, 4C) exhibit far better compatibility and retain significantly higher viscosities than DC 9040.
This application claims priority to U.S. 60/975,344, as filed on Sep. 26, 2007.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2008/077591 | 9/25/2008 | WO | 00 | 3/26/2010 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60975344 | Sep 2007 | US |
