Patent Application
20150373144
More and more people are expressing and demonstrating their interest in having computers understand them and provide personalized assistance tailored to their specific needs and context. Of course, to provide personalized assistance that is tailored to the specific needs and context of a person, the assisting process must be aware of many aspects of the person, i.e., his or her personal information. Indeed, the more aspects of the person a process knows, the better that process is in personalizing information for the person. A key question is, then: how to secure personal information and provide personalized assistance. This is especially true when it comes to enabling a personal daemon, i.e., an agent operating on a user's computing device behalf of the user, to interact with others by way of their personal agents.
The following Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. The Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
According to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, systems and methods of a personal daemon, executing as a process on a mobile computing device, for providing personal assistant to an associated user is presented. While the personal daemon maintains personal information corresponding to the associated user, the personal daemon is configured to not share the personal information of the associated user with any other entity other than the associated user except under conditions of rules established by the associated user. One such condition is when encountering the presence of another personal daemon associated with another user. Upon encountering the other personal daemon, an iterative process of escalating discover and/or disclosure is commenced to determine whether the associated user of the personal daemon would be interested in engaging with the user associated with the other personal daemon.
According to additional aspects of the disclosed subject matter, a computing device configured to discover information of another person to enable interaction with that other person is presented. The computing device comprises at least a processor and a memory, wherein the processor executes instructions to discover information of the other person. The computing device further comprising a personal daemon. The personal daemon is configured to encounter a second personal daemon, the second personal daemon being unknown to the personal daemon and being associated with the other person. Upon encountering the second personal daemon, the personal daemon repeatedly: identifies a set of data corresponding to the user associated with the personal daemon; exchanges data with the unknown personal daemon, wherein exchanging data with the unknown personal daemon comprises providing the identified set of data to the unknown personal daemon and receiving a set of data from the unknown personal daemon; evaluates the received set of data from the unknown personal daemon; and determines whether to continue exchanging data with the unknown personal daemon according to the evaluation. In addition to the above, the personal daemon enables interaction of the associated user with the user associated with the second personal daemon according to the evaluations of the received sets of data from the second personal daemon.
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the disclosed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as they are better understood by reference to the following description when taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
For purposes of clarity, the term “exemplary” in this document should be interpreted as serving as an illustration or example of something, and it should not be interpreted as an ideal and/or a leading illustration of that thing. The term “personal information” corresponds to information, data, metadata, preferences, behaviors, of the associated user, as well as rules for interacting with the user. Generally speaking, personal information is information about the associated user that represents some aspect of the user. The personal information may comprise data such as (by way of illustration and not limitation) gender, age, education, demographic data, residency, citizenship, and the like. Personal information may also comprise preferences and interests, expertise, abilities, and the like. Still further, personal information may comprise rules (including rules established by the associated user as well as rules that are learned and/or inferred through analysis as described below) for interacting with the associated user in providing personal assistance.
One solution in providing personalized assistance could be to deploy an online service that can provide personalized assistance to a large number of subscribers by deploying a large numbers of computers and/or processors that gather, store, collate, analyze and manipulate large amounts of data gathered from all over the world. In this monolithic model, subscribers wishing to receive personalized assistance and/or recommendations provide various items of personal information to the online service and, typically, further permit the online service to monitor numerous aspects of the subscribers' lives to learn additional personal information about them. Nearly every activity a subscribers might take (especially with regard to their computer) is captured and analyzed to identify addition personal information, these activities including but not limited to online behaviors, purchases, preferences, affiliations, banking information, etc. The online service then deploys various processes to provide personalized assistance, based on the amassed personal information that it gathers and maintains of its subscribers.
Of course, running a massive monolithic online service as described above is expensive. In order to keep such a large online service operational, the online service must have a revenue stream. Generally speaking, however, subscribers/individuals want the personalized assistance for free. Rather than directly charging the subscribers a fee for the personalization service, the online service turns to monetizing the personal information of its subscribers. A common phrase for this monetization is “ad-funded” or “vendor-funded.” The online service monetizes the personal information of its subscribers by identifying individuals among its subscribers having various traits, interests, demographics, and attributes (as determined by the personal information that the online service has received and learned of its subscribers) and monetizing the identified information by placing advertisements to those individuals on behalf of advertisers. Of course, selling advertisements directed to its subscribers is only one way in which the monolithic online service (as described above) can monetize the personal information of its subscribers. Alternatively, the online service may simply sell contact lists and/or information.
Subscribers are often delighted to receive personalized assistance, so much so that they tolerate the advertisements that are frequently presented to them. Moreover, they are largely unaware of and would be extremely uncomfortable with how much of their personal information the online services possesses and monetizes/exposes to third parties (e.g., advertisers, vendors, organizations, etc.) Of course, an online service might placate its subscribers by telling stating that it will do no harm to its subscribers, yet the online service is conflicted: the online service generates revenue by providing personal information of its subscribers to third parties (whether by advertisements, selling contact lists, etc.). Moreover, the more specific the personal information that is provided to third parties, the greater the monetary reward is for the online service. Unfortunately, the more specific personal information that is exposed, the greater the risk and the more potential for abuse to the person or persons of the exposed personal information.
Of course, even without considering the risk of exposing personal information to known third parties, by simply storing substantial personal information for a large number of subscribers an online service creates an inviting, enticing target for identity thieves. So, while the level of personalized assistance can be directly correlated to the amount of personal information that is known of a person, the personal security of that person (as posed by the risk of exposure or misuse the personal information) is also a function of the amount of personal information of the person that the online service possesses. As shown in
In contrast to a monolithic online service and according to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, a personal daemon operating on a person's own computing device is presented. By way of definition, a “daemon” is a process or thread of execution, run on a computing device that is executed in the background of the computing device rather than being executed under the direct control of a computer user. However, while a daemon executes in the background of the computing device, a computer user can interact with a daemon and, through the interaction, direct the activities of the daemon. A “personal daemon” is a daemon that has access to, acquires, infers, maintains, and acts upon personal information of a computer user in providing personalized assistance. A personal daemon monitors numerous aspects of an associated user's activities to identify, infer, and/or learn additional personal information (when and where available) regarding the user as well as inferring and learning rules for acting on the user's behalf, i.e., providing personalized assistance to the user. Additionally, a personal daemon may learn and/or confirm personal information, particularly in regard to inferred information and/or rules for acting on the user's behalf, regarding the user through dialog and other interaction with the user, including confirming previously derived inferences regarding the user, requesting user preferences and other personal information, and the like.
The phrase “personal assistance,” in the context of a personal daemon providing personal assistance to the associated user, should be interpreted as carrying out one or more actions on behalf of the user based. Typically, though not exclusively, the personal assistance is triggered by one or more events related to aspects of the user's current context. By way of example and not limitation, the one or more actions of personal assistance may include: providing a recommendation to the user that the user take a particular action; obtaining data and/or services on the user's behalf; confirming with the user the inference of personal information from analysis of the user's activities; confirming with the user authorization for the personal daemon take an action on behalf of the user; providing a notification to the user regarding one or more events; providing alternatives to current user activities; recommending a venue; executing an action on behalf of the user on the computing device; recommending alternative and/or related activities or items; and the like. As will be discussed in greater detail below, a personal daemon provides personal assistance to the user based on rules, personal information of the user, and/or the current context of the user.
Unlike monolithic online service option that gathers and monetizes personal information of its subscribers, according to aspects of the disclosed subject matter a personal daemon does not share the associated user's personal information with other, third-party entities, except for and according to explicit direction by the user. A third-party entity corresponds to any entity not owned and/or responsive only to the associated user.
According various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter, the personal daemon operates on the user's computing device solely for the benefit of the user. Advantageously, the personal daemon is not conflicted by the need to monetize the user's personal information to support its operation or other purposes of an external, third-party entity. Accordingly, the personal daemon enjoys a position of intimate trust by the user and can be viewed as a computer-based extension of the user. Indeed, in a real sense the associated user may refer to the relationship as a “we” relationship, i.e., me and my own personal daemon. As a consequence of this high level of trust, the user is more inclined to provide the personal daemon with a greater degree of access to all information related to the associated user and his/her use of a mobile device, including personal and/or confidential information. For example (for illustration and not limitation), because the personal daemon does not share personal information of the associated user with others, the user may be willing to permit the personal daemon to read/scan the emails of the user, have access to and monitor the user's interactions on a social network, track the user's online purchase history, maintain the user's passwords, analyze all files and data streams on the mobile device, and the like. By instilling this higher level of trust in the associated user, and obtaining access to a greater degree of personal information, a personal daemon enhances the level of personalized assistance that can be provided to the user. As will be set forth in greater detail below, based on the enhanced level of access to personal information, through an enrichment cycle of inferring the associated user's preferences and choices, and learning rules of behavior in a given circumstance, and also validating those inferences, the personal daemon becomes an extension of the associated user, reflecting the associated user's personality and providing complimentary personal assistance. Indeed, over time the personal daemon “grows,” becomes more familiar, understands and knows more detail regarding the associated user, and is better able to provide personal assistance.
Turning to
The network environment 200 also includes a network 210 by which the user's computing device 202 (by way of components, applications, apps, etc.) can communicate with and access network accessible devices and/or online services connected to the network, including (by way of illustration and not limitation): one or more other user computing devices, such as computing device 212 associated with user 211; social networking sites, such as social networking site 218; online network services, such as a search engine 216; shopping and/or commerce sites, such as shopping site 214, and the like.
According to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, a personal daemon 204 is configured to operate on the “edge of the cloud,” meaning that the personal daemon operates on the user's computing device 202, with or without connectivity to the network 210. When connectivity to the network 210 is available (via the connection of the computing device 202 to the network), the personal daemon 204 executing on the computing device can access data and services for use in providing personal assistance to the user 201.
It is readily appreciated that many users have more than one computing device. Indeed, it is common for a user to have, by way of illustration, a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a laptop computer, and/or a desktop computer. Thus, according to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, a personal daemon operating on a computing device, such as computing device 204, may be configured to share personal information regarding the associated computer user 201 with a “sibling” personal daemon, i.e., a personal daemon associated with the same user that is operating on another computing device. In other words, as a personal daemon is an extension of one's own self, the personal information maintained by one embodiment of a personal daemon on a first computing devices can share the same and all personal information with another embodiment of the personal daemon (a sibling personal daemon) on another device. Moreover, as discussed below, sibling personal daemons may be configured to cooperate in order to provide personal assistance to the associated user.
Turning now to
The processor 402 executes instructions retrieved from the memory 404 in carrying out various functions, particularly in regard to executing a personal daemon 204 that provides personal assistance to the associated user. The processor 402 may be comprised of any of various commercially available processors such as single-processor, multi-processor, single-core units, and multi-core units. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the novel aspects of the disclosed subject matter may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including but not limited to: personal digital assistants, wearable computing devices, smart phone devices, tablet computing devices, phablet computing devices, laptop computers, desktop computers, and the like.
The system bus 410 provides an interface for the various components of the mobile device to inter-communicate. The system bus 410 can be of any of several types of bus structures that can interconnect the various components (including both internal and external components). The computing device 400 further includes a network communication component 412 for interconnecting the computing device 400 with other network accessible computers, online services, and/or network entities as well as other devices on the computer network 210. The network communication component 412 may be configured to communicate with the various computers and devices over the network 108 via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or both.
The computing device 400 also includes executable apps/applications 416. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, an application corresponds to a collection of executable instructions that carry out (through its execution on a processor) one or more tasks on a computing device, such as computing device 400. Applications are typically, but not exclusively, executed at the direction of a user of the computing device. Applications combine features available on the computing device in carrying out the various tasks (as designed by the composition of the application.) While the term “apps” is sometimes uses as a shorthand name for applications, in the alternative an app similarly corresponds to a collection of executable instructions for carrying out one or more tasks. However, in contrast to applications, apps typically, though not exclusively, are directed to a limited set of tasks, often focused to a narrow topic/feature. As the scope of an app is typically more limited than that of an application, apps typically require a smaller footprint with regard to system resources and are often more suited for execution by computing devices of limited resources. While apps/applications 418 are typically stored in memory 404, for illustration purposes only they are called out separately from the memory 404.
The exemplary computing device 400 also includes sensors 418. Typically, sensors correspond to various hardware devices that sense particular events relating to the computing device 400. Sensors 418 may include, by way of illustration and not limitation, accelerometers, haptic sensors, capacitive sensors, audio sensors, optic sensors, timers, temperature sensors, power sensors (AC vs. DC sensors, voltage sensors, etc.), wireless signal sensors, geo-location sensors, magnetic sensors, altimeters, barometric sensors, and the like. Sensors may be based on communication information, such as internet routing data, HTTP request/response inspection, MAC addresses, cellular/wireless triangulation, and the like. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, a suitably configured computing device 400 may various combinations of hardware sensors 418. Moreover, these hardware sensors, as well as software sensors (as will be discussed below), are used in monitoring the user context via an On{Event}framework.
The exemplary computing device 400 further includes a personal daemon component 420 and an On{Event}framework 440. The personal daemon 420 is the executable component which, when executed, is the personal daemon 204 that provides the personal assistance to the user. As shown in
Regarding the On{event} framework 440, the On{event} framework (“framework”) is an extensible event/action framework, i.e., the framework detects events that occur with regard to the one or more sensors (including sensors 418) and, in response, executes actions associated with the detected events on the computing device 400. It is extensible in that sensors can be added, including software sensors, and subscribers can subscribe to sensed events.
According to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, sensors are registered with the framework 440. By default or as part of an initialization process, all or some of the sensors 418 may be registered with the framework 440. Additionally, apps and/or applications (including the apps/applications 416) can register as software sensors with the framework 440, where a software sensor identifies the event (or events) that it will signal and the data that may be associated with the signaled event. Software sensors register with the framework 440 through a publisher interface 448. Sensors, including sensors 418 and software sensors, signal the sensed event through a sensor input interface 442. As indicated, upon receiving a sensed event, a rules executor 444 executes one or more actions on the computing device 400 associated with the sensed event, as established in the On{Event}data store 450. Apps and applications can register as subscribers to sensed/signaled events in the framework 440 by way of a subscription interface 446. In subscribing to a sensed event, an app or application, as well as the personal daemon 204 executing on the computing device 400, indicates the events for which the subscribing app, application, or daemon, wishes to be notified.
Regarding the On{event} framework 440, while those skilled in the art will appreciate that there may be a variety of alternatives to implement the framework, in one embodiment the framework 440 is implemented as a background service built upon the Node.js technology from Node.js Developers. The Node.js technology is extensible and robust such that it can interface with hardware sensors, such as sensors 418, as well as software sensors. Similarly, the personal daemon component 420 may be implemented upon the Node.js technology. Apps and applications, including apps/applications 416, interface with Node.js processes by way of JavaScript® code. While both the On{event} framework 440 and the personal daemon component 420 may be implemented using other technologies than Node.js, Node.js may be advantageously used as it enjoys a relatively small footprint on the host computing device, such as computing device 400, has configurations for deployment on a number of various operating system platforms, and JavaScript® programming languages enjoys broad support.
Regarding the various components of the exemplary computing device 400, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these components may be implemented as executable software modules stored in the memory of the computing device, as hardware modules (including SoCs—system on a chip), or a combination of the two. Moreover, each of the various components may be implemented as an independent, cooperative process or device, operating in conjunction with one or more computer systems. It should be further appreciated, of course, that the various components described above in regard to the exemplary computing device 400 should be viewed as logical components for carrying out the various described functions. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, logical components and/or subsystems may or may not correspond directly, in a one-to-one manner, to actual, discrete components. In an actual embodiment, the various components of each computer system may be combined together or broke up across multiple actual components and/or implemented as cooperative processes on a computer network.
Regarding the exemplary computing device 400, it should be appreciated that while the personal daemon is configured to interact with the associated user via the components of the computing device, generally speaking the personal daemon is independent of any particular configuration of computing device. Indeed, the personal daemon may be implemented on any suitable computing device and may communicate via displayed messages on a display component, text messages, audio and/or voice communications, haptic signals, and combinations thereof.
In addition to being implemented on one computing device, or across multiple computing devices via sibling personal daemons, a personal daemon may be further configured as a public mask to cooperatively operate in a joint computing manner with other services and/or processes in providing personal assistance to the associated user and/or performing analysis of user activity in order to learn and/or infer additional personal information regarding the user. However, the personal daemon operates in such a configuration (joint computing) according to the approval of the associated user and is restricted in sharing personal information with the joint processes/services according to the associated user's rules for doing so. According to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, in addition to sharing personal information with other third-party entities (e.g., processes and/or services) according to the associated user's explicit rules, the personal daemon may be configured to track what personal information is disclosed to these other entities. In tracking the disclosure of personal information to other entities, the personal daemon is able to inform the associated user what has been disclosed such that the user may identify limits to the amount of personal information that may disclosed. Indeed, an associated user may establish a limit of personal information that may be disclosed where after the personal daemon obfuscates any additional personal information that may be requested by any one entity or set of entities.
Turning now to
Upon receiving notice of the subscribed event 501 and according to information associated with the event, the personal daemon determines whether to provide personal assistance to the associated user in regard to the event, as indicated by circle 502. This determination is based on the information regarding the current context of the associated user, including personal information of the user, as well as rules previously established for the particular combination of events and context. For example, assume that the associated user is currently at work and the personal daemon knows this according to events received regarding the geo-location of the user's smart-phone/computing device according to rules and personal information in the personal daemon data store 432. Additionally, as a rule (which rule the personal daemon has either learned through inference, explicit direction from the user, or a combination of the two), the user typically does not take phone calls on his or her smart-phone while at work. However, yet another rule established with the personal daemon (again by inference, explicit instruction, or both) that the associated user will answer his or her smart-phone if it is during lunch or it is from specific individuals (such as a spouse.) Thus, at circle 502, when the subscribed event 501 is in regard to an incoming telephone call, the personal daemon receives the event and provides personal assistance to the user according to its rules regarding the user and the user's current context. Thus, if the information associated with the event indicates that the incoming telephone call is from an acquaintance, the personal daemon 204 according to its internal rules may immediately direct the incoming telephone call to an answering service. Alternative, if the information associated with the event 501 indicates that the incoming telephone call is from a spouse, the then personal daemon 204 can provide personal assistance to the associated user by permitting the incoming call to ring on the user's smart phone.
In addition providing immediate personal assistance, as indicated in circle 504, another part of the personal daemon 204 records information/data in regard the received event 501 in a user information data store 503. According to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, the personal daemon 204 records and logs events, contexts, and data associated with the user and the user's activities. This information is then used later in the analysis of user information, as indicated by circle 506, in learning and making inferences regarding additional personal information regarding the user, and in also learning rules for providing personal assistance to the user in regard to various events and contexts. This learning activity is described below in regard to routine 700 of
In analysis activity, as indicated by circle 506, the personal daemon 204 analyzes the information, as found in the user information data store 503, regarding the associated user, as well as and in light of the personal information know about the associated user in the personal daemon data store 432. The analysis activity uses neural networks, machine learning models, pattern recognition, and the like to infer information regarding the associated user. The analysis activity may further validate its inferences with the associated user by way of a confirmation dialog, though not necessarily in synchronicity upon deriving various inferences. The inferences may include static personal information (e.g., where the associated user works, the username/password of the user on a social networking site, etc.) or dynamic personal information (e.g., rules for responding to particular events, etc.) Based on the results of the analysis, the personal information regarding the associated user is refined and/or augmented in the personal daemon data store 432.
It should be appreciated that the analysis activity, as indicated by circle 506, will often include a confirmation dialog with the associated user. Typically, inferences are associated with some level of confidence. Except for the occasions in which the analysis activity produces an inference with near certainty of confidence, the personal daemon will often need to interact with the user in a confirmation type dialog, where inferences of personal information are presented to the user for confirmation or rejection. With regard to the example of determining the location where the associated user works, upon the first inference the personal daemon may engage the associated user with a dialog such as “Is this your work location?” The associated user may confirm or reject the inference. For example, the associated user may indicate that inferred location it is not a work location, but location of a school that the associated user attends. Through confirmation dialogs, as well as explicit review of inferred personal information and rules, the user exercises complete control over his/her personal information.
As part of or as a result of learning/inferring addition personal information regarding the user, and as part of providing personal assistance to the associated user (circle 502), the personal daemon may take proactive steps such as downloading data that may be relevant to the user. For example, as part of learning the location where the associated user works and based on personal information about the user that he or she likes a particular cuisine, the personal daemon may proactively download restaurant information surrounding the user's work location for future reference. Based on personal information regarding the associated user's work location and commuting habits, the personal daemon may associate a rule with a timer event to check the traffic situation for the commute and provide recommendations to the user when poor commuting conditions are present.
A distinct advantage that a personal daemon 204 has over a monolithic online service is that the personal daemon needs only maintain data relevant to the associated user. Maps, restaurants, calendars of events, etc. that are relevant to the associated user, as well as recording user related information such as search queries, browsing history, social networking profiles, etc., requires substantially less storage capacity than capturing and storing all information to serve a large number of users. Indeed, while the amount of information that may be of relevance to the user is not insignificant, in the context of the capacity of current computing devices, maintaining such information on a computing device is manageable. Additionally, as the personal daemon is situated on the “edge of the cloud,” to the extent that information is not currently available, is temporal, or is beyond the capacity of its host computing device, the personal daemon 204 can access such information online. For example, in the above-mentioned example of obtaining traffic information regarding the associated user's commute, the personal daemon may be configured to access the traffic information from an external source rather than retrieving and storing the information in the user information data store 503.
As indicated above, the personal daemon 204 does not share personal information regarding the associated user with other entities except as explicitly directed by the user. For example, the user may subscribe to a social networking site where access to the site is gained by supplying a password. Further, the personal daemon may establish rules for providing notice to the associated user whenever content is posted on the social networking site by a particular user. While the personal daemon may associate a timer rule to periodically check on the social networking site for such posts, to access the information the personal daemon would need to provide the user's password and account information to the site to gain access. This activity, of course, is divulging the user's personal information. However, based on rules established by the personal daemon and according to explicit or inferred authorization by the associated user, the personal daemon may be authorized to divulge the personal information in providing personal assistance to the user.
Of course, in the preceding example, the networking site may capture certain personal information regarding the user, e.g., user preferences, demographic information, geographic information, etc. Moreover, the networking site may also be vendor-funded such that advertisements are presented to the user when accessing the site. This, then, illustrates that while the personal daemon 204 does not share personal information regarding the associated user, the associated user is not restricted out of accessing and interacting with sites that may be vendor-funded through the disclosure of personal information, including the monolithic online sites discussed above.
At block 608, the personal daemon identifies personal assistance actions to be taken in regard to the received event. At decision block 610, if there are no actions to be taken, the routine 600 terminates. However, if there are actions to be taken, at block 612, the actions are configured according to current constraints. Generally speaking, configured the action according to current constraints comprises adapting the execution of the action according to the current context of the associated user. Personalization rules for adapting an action may be determined for the current context from the personal daemon data store 432. For example, if the received event is in regard to traffic congestion on the associated user's typical route home, the action may be to notify the user of the traffic congestion and suggest an alternative. Further still, the current context of the user may be that he/she is currently in a meeting and he/she should not be notified of non-emergency items during meetings. Hence, configuring the action according to current constraints would mean delaying the delivery of the suggested alternative route until the meeting is over. At block 614, the configured actions are executed in according to the various constraints, if any, from block 612. Thereafter, the routine 600 terminates.
As suggested above, one of the advantages of the trusted nature of a personal daemon is that it can use its access to the associated user's personal information to learn additional personal information through analysis activity (see circle 506 of
At block 704, one or more inferences are generated according to the analysis activity of block 702. These inferences generate additional and/or refined personal information of the associated user, as well as additional and/or refined rules for providing personal assistance to the user. As used herein, generating inferences regarding the associated user corresponds to inferring information about the user, rules for providing personal assistance to the user and the like. As indicated above, the generated inferences are made upon the various events and associated contexts regarding the user, both current and past, the user's interaction and behaviors with regard to the events, personal information of the user, as well as previously inferred rules for providing personal assistance to the user. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over candidate states. An inference can be probabilistic, i.e., the inference may be associated with a probability or likelihood of occurrence with regard to a given state of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference techniques can be employed to generate higher-level events, e.g., rules for providing personal assistance from a set of recorded events and/or know or assumed data. Thus, inferences can result in the construction of new information or actions/rules from a set of observed events and/or stored event data. Advantageously, the inferences may be generated from events and data are not necessarily correlated in close temporal proximity, and/or from events and data that come from one or more sources.
Assuming that the generated inferences were determined as a probabilistic inference, at decision block 706 a determination is made as to whether or not any of the generated inferences are sufficiently “strong” that they do not need to be confirmed by the associated user. In one exemplary embodiment (for illustration and not limitation), an inference is sufficiently strong if the likelihood of occurrence is greater than a predetermined threshold value, e.g., a 95% estimated likelihood of occurring given the same (or substantially similar) events, context, and data. In an alternative embodiment, all inferences regarding the user's personal information or rules for providing personal assistance to the user that are generated in the analysis activity are confirmed with the user before implementation. Alternatively still, implementation and use of the inferred personal information and rules may conditionally occur, pending further confirmation, when the probabilistic likelihood exceeds a predetermined threshold, e.g., a 75% estimated likelihood of occurrence.
In the event that one or more generated inferences are not sufficiently strong, or that all inferences should be confirmed, at block 708 the inferences are confirmed with the user. Confirming inferences typically involves user interaction to confirm inferred personal data and/or rules for providing personal assistance. In confirming the generated inferences, the bases for the inference may be presented to the user, i.e., the event, personal information and context upon which the inferences was drawn. As will all of the personal information (including both data and rules for providing personal assistance) maintained by the personal daemon, the associated user has full control over this data such that he/she may delete, modify, confirm any and all parts of such personal information. This is important as an inferred rule may involve disclosing personal information regarding the user to another service or entity, in which case it is important for the associated user to be able to exercise control over such data (including stopping the dissemination of the data, permitting the disclosure in the particular context, and the like.)
Confirming inferences may involve a dialog between the personal daemon and the associated user (on the user's mobile device) in which the personal daemon iterates through the unconfirmed inferences, iteratively presenting each unconfirmed inference (and, potentially, the bases for its generation) and requests feedback from the user, including acceptance, modification, delaying a decision, or rejection. As an alternative to this dialog approach, or in addition to this iterative dialog approach, when conditions in which an unconfirmed inference may be used in providing personal assistance to the user, a dialog (i.e., a presentation to the user on the mobile device which may involve displaying information on a display screen, an audio presentation, signaling the user in some fashion, etc.) specifically directed to the unconfirmed inference at current issue may be presented to the user. For example, assuming that the personal daemon recognizes that the associated user is preparing to leave work for his/her home residence, a notice may be generated to the user from the personal daemon suggesting that the daemon check on the traffic status of the user's typical route home.
At block 710, after having confirmed the generated inferences or, the generated inferences are of sufficient strength that the user does not wish to confirm them, the associated user's personal information, including both data and rules for providing personal assistance, are updated. Thereafter, routine 700 terminates.
As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, through this process of analysis of user activity and data, generation of inferences regarding the user, and confirmation of inferences, the personal daemon continually adapts itself to provide ever improving personal assistance. Continued application of these steps (analysis, inference, confirmation, and—of course—application of the information via personal assistance) refines the personal daemon to the point that it literally becomes an extension of one's self, reflecting the preferences and habits of the associated user.
Regarding routines 600 and 700, as well as other processes describe above, while these routines/processes are expressed in regard to discrete steps, these steps should be viewed as being logical in nature and may or may not correspond to any actual and/or discrete steps of a particular implementation. Nor should the order in which these steps are presented in the various routines be construed as the only order in which the steps may be carried out. Moreover, while these routines include various novel features of the disclosed subject matter, other steps (not listed) may also be carried out in the execution of the routines. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that logical steps of these routines may be combined together or be comprised of multiple steps. Steps of routines 600 and 700 may be carried out in parallel or in series. Often, but not exclusively, the functionality of the various routines is embodied in software (e.g., applications, system services, libraries, and the like) that is executed on computing devices as described in regard to
These routines/processes are typically implemented in executable code comprising routines, functions, looping structures, selectors such as if-then and if-then-else statements, assignments, arithmetic computations, and the like. The exact implementation of each of the routines is based on various implementation configurations and decisions, including programming languages, compilers, target processors, operating environments, and the link. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the logical steps identified in these routines may be implemented in any number of manners and, thus, the logical descriptions set forth above are sufficiently enabling to achieve similar results.
While many novel aspects of the disclosed subject matter are expressed in routines embodied in applications (also referred to as computer programs), apps (small, generally single or narrow purposed, applications), and/or methods, these aspects may also be embodied as computer-executable instructions stored by computer-readable media, also referred to as computer-readable storage media. As those skilled in the art will recognize, computer-readable media can host computer-executable instructions for later retrieval and execution. When the computer-executable instructions store stored on the computer-readable storage devices are executed, they carry out various steps, methods and/or functionality, including those steps, methods, and routines described above in regard the various routines. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media such as Blu-ray discs, digital video discs (DVDs), compact discs (CDs), optical disc cartridges, and the like; magnetic storage media including hard disk drives, floppy disks, magnetic tape, and the like; memory storage devices such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), memory cards, thumb drives, and the like; cloud storage (i.e., an online storage service); and the like. For purposes of this disclosure, however, computer-readable media expressly excludes carrier waves and propagated signals.
According to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, numerous technical benefits are realized through the use of a personal daemon over alternative solutions. These technical benefits include, by way of illustration, improved latency in providing personal assistance as the personal daemon resides and executes on the “edge of the cloud” thereby eliminating the communication time with a remote service; correspondingly, local execution minimizes the bandwidth usage over the network; elements of the personal daemon (such as determining personal information and inferences by analysis) may be executed during non-peak processing times, i.e., when the user's demands on the computing device are low; enables personal assistance even when the computing device does not have network connectivity; makes use of preemptive caching of information based on predicted needs, which caching may be completed at times of network connectivity; low cost of implementation as the personal daemon operates within bounds of the associated user's own computing device; provides substantially improved data security as personal information is not shared with others without explicit rules to do so; and provides proactive augmentation of personal data and personal assistance without third party surveillance.
As indicated above, personal daemons are restricted from interacting with persons other than the associated user. However, this does not preclude the personal daemons from interacting with other personal daemons (of other users) on behalf of the associated user. In those interactions, the personal daemon maintains the associated user's personal information, i.e., does not personal information unless such disclosure is authorized by the associated user. Of course, if the personal daemon maintains the privacy of the associated user's personal information, there may be times that the personal daemon is limited in its ability to provide personal assistance.
By way of example, assume that a person is at the airport waiting for a plane. Assume also that a friend with whom that person went to high school is also in the airport whom, if the person were aware, would like to reunite. Each of the two have personal daemons executing and guarding their personal data. The two personal daemons may be able to detect the presence of each other but, because of their “reluctance” to share personal information without permissions to do so, they would simply ignore each other and an opportunity would be lost.
To resolve this situation and according to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, a process or method of escalating disclosure may be initiated by each of the personal daemons that would enable the associated users to discover each other to a desired degree/level.
After having encountered the presence of another, currently unknown, personal daemon, at block 804 a determination is made as to whether the personal daemon is authorized to undertake the process of escalating discovery. This determination may be based according to an established rule or be determined through interaction with the associated user. For example, one or more rules may have been established, either by inference or by explicit direction of the associated user, as to when the personal daemon may, if at all, encounter and engage in the discovery of other people (via their personal daemons) that are not currently known to the associated user (and his/her personal daemon). Of course, these rules will take into consideration the current context of the associated user. Assuming the associated user is at the airport, the personal daemon may be authorized to engage in escalating discovery with unknown persons when there is sufficient time to engage with the other, rather than at the time of boarding an airplane. Further still, the rules associated with escalating discovery may or may not require that the associated user confirms he/her willingness to allow the personal daemon to begin to engage other personal daemons. If it is determined that the personal daemon should not engage in the escalating discover of another person (via that person's personal daemon), the routine 800 terminates. Alternatively, if it is determined to be acceptable to proceed with escalating discovery, the routine 800 proceeds to block 806.
At block 806 and as part of the escalating discovery, an initial set of data is identified for exchange (i.e., to be provided to the other personal daemon). This initial set of data may be determined by the personal daemon and/or identified by the associated user for initial disclosure to an unknown personal daemon for the purpose of encountering another person (via the escalating discover process described herein.) Generally, this initial set of data is descriptive information regarding the associated user but that does not necessarily identify the associated user. Information such as (by way of illustration and not limitation) preferences and/or interests; age; gender; origin; where and when the associated person went to school; affiliations; where the associated person works or resides, and the like. In one embodiment, the initial set of data will typically include information that would be of interest to another person. In one embodiment, this initial set of data may be established according to explicit instructions by the associated user. Alternatively, the initial set of data may be determined by the personal daemon or in combination with the associated user. This initial data may be previously determined, may be determined at the time that an encounter is made, or a combination of the two. Further still, the initial set of data could be empty, suggesting that the associated user is willing to “see” what the other personal daemon discloses before engaging further, as discussed below.
At block 808, the personal daemon exchanges the initial set of data with the unknown personal daemon. At block 810, the personal daemon evaluates the received data from the unknown personal daemon to determine whether to continue the escalating discovery process. As part of this evaluation, the received information is analyzed, looking for items of commonality, interests, membership, and the like that would likely be of sufficient interest to the associated user that he/she would like to further engage in the escalating process. Of course, the associated user may actively participate in the evaluation, determining whether or not to continue the escalating discovery process. Indeed, the associated user may be the primary factor in evaluating and subsequently determining whether to continue the escalating disclosure. At block 812 and based on the evaluation, a determination is made as to whether to continue the escalating discovery process. This determination may be made by the personal daemon or by the user based on information obtained by the personal daemon. For example, assuming that the associated user is at the airport and after the personal daemons exchange an initial set of data, the personal daemon may prompt its associated user with message such as, “A person from your high school graduating class is nearby, would you like to me find out more?” Accordingly, the associated user may indicate that the personal daemon should continue or not, such as replying (via audio), “Sure, find out who it is,” or “No, not right now.”
If the determination is to continue, from decision block 812 the routine 800 proceeds to block 814 to identify addition data to exchange. According to aspects of the disclosed subject matter, the additional data may include additional information regarding the associated user as well as specific queries of information from the unknown personal daemon. Of course, this is data in addition to the initial set of data (which may also include specific queries) that was earlier exchanged. In this sense, the discovery process is an escalating discovery—escalating the information exchanged towards the identity of the associated user. As above, this additional information may be determined by the personal daemon, by the associated user, or in combination. Of course, along the escalating discover process, the personal daemon (with the express or implied consent of the associated user) will disclose information that leads to or states the identity of the associated use. However, by beginning with an initial set of data and iteratively increasing the level of personal information that is disclosed, the associated user is able to maintain control over what is and is not disclosed. Thereafter, the routine 800 proceeds to block 806 as discussed above.
At some point in the process of the escalating discovery, an identity of the user associated with the unknown personal daemon is obtained, or the associated user no longer wishes to continue the escalating discovery process. Of course, the identity may be simply a first name of the user, or some aspect of the user that can be the basis of enabling interaction. Thus, the determination at decision block 812 also weighs the fact of whether or not the discovery process has reached its peak and it is now up to the associated user to act (if desired.) According, from decision block 812—when escalating discovery should no longer continue, the routine 800 proceeds to block 816. At block 816, a determination is made as to whether to interact with the other person, i.e., the person associated with the previously-unknown personal daemon. If not, the routine 800 terminates. However, if the associated user is interested in proceeding with an interaction with the other user, at block 818 the personal daemon enables that interaction. This may entail (by way of illustration and not limitation) identifying the location of the other person, initiating a chat session with the other person, exchanging contact information, placing a phone call, and the like. Enabling the interaction may be undertaken solely by the personal daemon (such as according to express or inferred rules), at the direction of the associated user, or a combination of the two. Thereafter, the escalating discover process of routine 800 terminates.
While various novel aspects of the disclosed subject matter have been described, it should be appreciated that these aspects are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting. Variations and alterations to the various aspects may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosed subject matter.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/187,567, entitled “Local Personal Daemon,” filed Feb. 24, 2014, and which is incorporated herein by reference. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Accelerated Training of Personal Daemons,” attorney docket no. 340916.01; U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Client-Side Services for Apps and Applications,” attorney docket no. 340612.01; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Incentive-Based Device Performance,” attorney docket no. 340618.01.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14187567 | Feb 2014 | US |
| Child | 14219501 | US |
