Patent Grant
10813398
The invention relates generally to personal protective equipment such as protective gloves, masks, suits, and other garments for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) protection and other applications.
Personal protective equipment, such as protective gloves, protective masks, protective hoods, protective suits, protective overboots, etc., is used extensively in chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) defense or other applications to impart protection to a wearer from noxious agents (e.g., chemical agents, biological agents, radiological agents, and/or other poisonous or otherwise harmful agents that can cause disease, injury or death).
For example, a wearer may wear protective gloves, a protective mask, a protective suit, and/or protective overboots to protect himself/herself from exposure to noxious agents. Moreover, it is usually desirable for the wearer to be as comfortable and/or have as much dexterity or tactility as possible while wearing his/her protective equipment. This can present challenges in terms of design of the protective equipment. For instance, materials having desired protective properties may not always be conducive to comfort, dexterity or tactility. For example, elastomeric material such as rubber which is often used in such protective equipment due to its protective properties may not provide suitable heat management, breathability or moisture management to the wearer in some cases.
For these and other reasons, there is a need for improvements in personal protective equipment.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an article of personal protective equipment, such as a protective glove or other protective device, wearable by a wearer for protecting the wearer against noxious agents, such as an article of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) personal protective equipment. The article of personal protective equipment comprises a plurality of regions that cover different parts of the wearer's body and have different properties, such as different levels of protection against noxious agents, breathability, heat loss capability, dexterity, tactility, stretchability, and/or another function.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a protective glove wearable by a wearer for protecting the wearer against noxious agents, such as a CBRN protective glove. The protective glove comprises a plurality of regions that cover different parts of the wearer's body and have different properties, such as different levels of protection against noxious agents, breathability, heat loss capability, dexterity, tactility, stretchability, and/or another function.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a protective glove for protecting a wearer against noxious agents. The protective glove comprises a hand covering for receiving a hand of the wearer. The hand covering comprises a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The protective glove comprises a cuff for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending towards a forearm of the wearer. A plurality of regions of the protective glove have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of at least one of the wearer's hand, wrist and forearm. Each of the regions of the protective glove provides a level of protection against noxious agents. The level of protection against noxious agents of relatively more protective ones of the regions of the protective glove is greater than the level of protection against noxious agents of relatively less protective ones of the regions of the protective glove. The relatively less protective ones of the regions of the protective glove are spaced apart from one another by the relatively more protective ones of the regions of the protective glove.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a protective glove for protecting a wearer against noxious agents. The protective glove comprises a hand covering for receiving a hand of the wearer. The hand covering comprises a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The protective glove comprises a cuff for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending towards a forearm of the wearer. A plurality of regions of the protective glove have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of at least one of the wearer's hand, wrist and forearm. Each of the regions of the protective glove has a noxious fluid penetration resistance and a heat loss capability. The noxious fluid penetration resistance of a first subset of the regions of the protective glove is greater than the noxious fluid penetration resistance of a second subset of the regions of the protective glove. The heat loss capability of the first subset of the regions of the protective glove is less than the heat loss capability of the second subset of the regions of the protective glove. Respective ones of the second subset of the regions of the protective glove are spaced apart from one another by respective ones of the first subset of the regions of the protective glove.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a protective glove for protecting a wearer against noxious agents. The protective glove comprises a hand covering for receiving a hand of the wearer. The hand covering comprises a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The protective glove comprises a cuff for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending towards a forearm of the wearer. A plurality of regions of the protective glove have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of at least one of the wearer's hand, wrist and forearm. A first subset of the regions of the protective glove includes a first material. A second subset of the regions of the protective glove includes a second material different from the first material. The first material and the second material are joined by the first material extending into the second material.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a protective glove for protecting a wearer against noxious agents. The protective glove comprises a hand covering for receiving a hand of the wearer. The hand covering comprises a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. At least one of the hand covering and the cuff comprises an elastomeric material and a fabric material. The elastomeric material and the fabric material are joined by the elastomeric material penetrating the fabric material.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. The palm portion is characterized by a level of protection against ingress of noxious agents that is higher than a level of protection against ingress of noxious agents manifested by the back portion. The back portion is characterized by a level of body comfort that is higher than a level of body comfort manifested by the palm portion.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. One of the portions includes a fibrous material. The fibrous material includes fibers defining interstices therebetween. Another of the portions includes a membranous material. The fibrous material is jointed to the membranous material along an area of juncture. The fibers of the fibrous material at the area of juncture are embedded in the membranous material.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. One of the portions includes a fibrous material. The fibrous material includes fibers defining interstices therebetween. Another of the portions includes a membranous material. The fibrous material is jointed to the membranous material along an area of juncture. The membranous material penetrates within the interstices of the fibrous material in the area of juncture.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. The CBRN protective glove has a variable stretchability profile along a longitudinal axis thereof.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. The CBRN protective glove has a stretchability in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the CBRN protective glove which is higher in the cuff portion than in an area that is adjacent the cuff portion and located above the cuff portion, away from the forearm of the wearer.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. The CBRN protective glove has a stretchability in a direction transverse to a longitudinal axis of the CBRN protective glove which is higher in the cuff portion than in an area that is adjacent the cuff portion and located below the cuff portion, toward the forearm of the wearer.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove. The CBRN protective glove comprises a hand covering for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand covering comprises a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending towards a forearm of the wearer. An end portion of a fingertip part of a given one of the finger portions and the thumb portion is thicker than a palm-side portion of the fingertip part and is closer to a backside portion of the fingertip part.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove. The CBRN protective glove comprises a hand covering for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand covering comprises a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending towards a forearm of the wearer. At least one of the hand covering and the cuff is configured to react to presence of a noxious agent to undergo a change indicative of the presence of the noxious agent.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. The palm portion is characterized by a level of protection against ingress of noxious agents that is higher than a level of protection against ingress of noxious agents manifested by the back portion. The back portion is characterized by a level of body comfort that is higher than a level of body comfort manifested by the palm portion. The palm portion includes a resilient membranous material which extends to the cuff portion. The membranous material in the cuff portion is configured to resiliently stretch when the hand of the wearer is inserted through the cuff portion as the wearer inserts the hand in the glove.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective glove comprising a hand portion for receiving a hand of a wearer. The hand portion includes a palm portion for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand. The CBRN protective glove comprises a cuff portion for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending toward a forearm of the wearer. The palm portion is characterized by a level of protection against ingress of noxious agents that is higher than a level of protection against ingress of noxious agents manifested by the back portion. The back portion is characterized by a level of body comfort that is higher than a level of body comfort manifested by the palm portion. The back portion includes, a first area of fibrous material, a second area of fibrous material, and a third area of material that is more stretchable than the fibrous material. The third area extends between the first area and the second area.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an article of personal protective equipment for protecting a wearer against noxious agents. The article of protective equipment comprising a plurality of regions that have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of a body of the wearer. Each of the regions provides a level of protection against noxious agents. The level of protection against noxious agents of relatively more protective ones of the regions is greater than the level of protection against noxious agents of relatively less protective ones of the regions. The relatively less protective ones of the regions are spaced apart from one another by the relatively more protective ones of the regions.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an article of personal protective equipment for protecting a wearer against noxious agents. The article of protective equipment comprising a plurality of regions that have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of a body of the wearer. Each of the regions has a noxious fluid penetration resistance and a heat loss capability. The noxious fluid penetration resistance of a first subset of the regions is greater than the noxious fluid penetration resistance of a second subset of the regions. The heat loss capability of the first subset of the regions is less than the heat loss capability of the second subset of the regions. Respective ones of the second subset of the regions are spaced apart from one another by respective ones of the first subset of the regions.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an article of personal protective equipment for protecting a wearer against noxious agents. The article of protective equipment comprising a plurality of regions that have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of a body of the wearer. A first subset of the regions includes a first material. A second subset of the regions includes a second material different from the first material. The first material and the second material are joined by the first material extending into the second material.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an article of CBRN personal protective equipment comprising a plurality of portions that are disposed to cover different parts of a body of a wearer. One of the portions includes a fibrous material, the fibrous material including fibers defining interstices therebetween. Another of the portions includes an elastomeric membranous material. The fibrous material is jointed to the membranous material along an area of juncture. The fibers of the fibrous material at the area of juncture are embedded in the membranous material.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an article of CBRN personal protective equipment comprising a plurality of portions that are disposed to cover different parts of a body of a wearer. One of the portions includes a fibrous material, the fibrous material including fibers defining interstices therebetween. Another of the portions includes an elastomeric membranous material. The fibrous material is jointed to the membranous material along an area of juncture. The membranous material penetrates within the interstices of the fibrous material in the area of juncture.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an article of CBRN personal protective equipment comprising a portion configured to react to presence of a noxious agent to undergo a change indicative of the presence of the noxious agent.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective headgear for protecting a wearer. The CBRN protective headgear comprises a plurality of regions that have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of a head of the wearer. A first subset of the regions of the CBRN protective headgear includes a first material. A second subset of the regions of the CBRN protective headgear includes a second material different from the first material. A level of protection against noxious agents of the first material is greater than a level of protection against noxious agents of the second material. A level of body comfort of the second material is greater than a level of body comfort of the first material.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective suit for protecting a wearer. The CBRN protective suit comprises a plurality of regions that have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of a body of the wearer. A first subset of the regions of the CBRN protective suit includes a first material. A second subset of the regions of the CBRN protective suit includes a second material different from the first material. A level of protection against noxious agents of the first material is greater than a level of protection against noxious agents of the second material. A level of body comfort of the second material is greater than a level of body comfort of the first material.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a CBRN protective footwear for protecting a wearer. The CBRN protective footwear comprises a plurality of regions that have different properties and are disposed to cover different parts of at least one of a foot and a lower leg of the wearer. A first subset of the regions of the CBRN protective footwear includes a first material. A second subset of the regions of the CBRN protective footwear includes a second material different from the first material. A level of protection against noxious agents of the first material is greater than a level of protection against noxious agents of the second material. A level of body comfort of the second material is greater than a level of body comfort of the first material.
These and other aspects of the invention will now become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following description of embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
It is to be expressly understood that the description and drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating certain embodiments of the invention and are an aid for understanding. They are not intended to be a definition of the limits of the invention.
The glove 10 comprises a hand covering 12 for receiving a hand of the wearer and a cuff 14 for receiving a wrist of the wearer and extending towards a forearm of the wearer. As further discussed later, in this embodiment, the glove 10 is configured to provide selective protection against noxious agents, breathability, heat loss, dexterity, tactility, and/or other functionality in different regions of the glove 10 that cover different parts of the wearer's hand, wrist and/or forearm, thereby allowing the glove 10 to be tailored or optimized in terms of protection, performance and comfort.
The hand covering 12 comprises a palm portion 16 for facing a palm of the wearer's hand, a back portion 18 for facing a back of the wearer's hand, finger portions 201-204 for receiving fingers of the wearer's hand, and a thumb portion 22 for receiving a thumb of the wearer's hand.
The cuff 14 extends rearwardly from the hand covering 12 to overly the wearer's wrist. The cuff 14 extends towards the wearer's forearm when the glove 10 is worn by the wearer. More particularly, in this embodiment, the cuff 14 comprises a forearm covering 13 to overly the wearer's forearm. The forearm covering 13 may be shorter or longer in other examples of implementation.
In this embodiment, with additional reference to
The outer shell 19 includes an external surface 31 of the glove 10 and is directly exposed to and directly interfaces with an environment in which the glove 10 is used. In this example, the outer shell 19 provides a bulk of the glove's protective function, while also providing breathability, dexterity, tactility, and/or other functionality, as further discussed later.
The inner liner 15 includes an internal surface 33 of the glove 10 that contacts the wearer's hand, wrist and forearm. In this example, the inner liner 15 is provided to enhance comfort of the wearer. More particularly, in this example, the inner liner 15 provides moisture management inside the glove 10. For instance, the inner liner 15 may be a wicking liner operable to wick away excess moisture from the wearer's hand, wrist and forearm. The inner liner 15 may be made of any suitable material. For instance, in some embodiments, the inner liner 15 may comprise viscose, polyester and acrylic yarns knitted together either by plating or speckling as disclosed in Canadian Patent 2,385,442 which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
The glove 10 has different properties in selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 that cover different parts of the wearer's hand, wrist and/or forearm to provide different levels of protection against noxious agents, breathability, heat loss, dexterity, tactility, and/or another function in these selected regions. This is achieved by the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 having different structures (e.g., different material compositions, different thicknesses of a common material composition, different surface treatments, etc.).
For example, in some embodiments, a selected region Ri of the glove 10 may have: (1) a higher or lower level of protection against ingress of noxious agents, such as, for instance, a higher or lower noxious fluid penetration resistance (e.g., a higher or lower noxious liquid or gas penetration resistance) or a higher or lower infectious agent penetration resistance (e.g., a higher or lower microorganism penetration resistance for resisting penetration of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, prions, fungus or protozoans, that can cause disease); (2) a higher or lower flame resistance; (3) a higher or lower rupture resistance (e.g., a higher or lower cut or puncture resistance); (4) a higher or lower level of body comfort, such as, for instance, a higher or lower heat loss capability or a higher or lower breathability; and/or (5) a higher or lower tactility than another selected region Rj of the glove 10.
For instance, in this embodiment, selected regions R1-R6 of the palm portion 16 and a palm side of the finger portions 201-204 and the thumb portion 22 of the glove 10 may have a higher level of protection against ingress of noxious agents, such as a higher noxious fluid penetration resistance, than selected regions R8, R9, R11-R13, R16, R17 of the back portion 18, a back side of the finger portions 203, 204, and the cuff 14 of the glove 10, which may have a higher level of body comfort, such as a higher heat loss capability or higher breathability than, the selected regions R1-R6 of the palm portion 16 and the palm side of the finger portions 201-204 and the thumb portion 22, given that the palm portion 16 and the palm side of the finger portions 201-204 and the thumb portion 22 are more susceptible to directly contact a hazardous liquid or other agent or otherwise apply pressure (e.g., when grasping or otherwise touching an object or when pushing with his/her hand against a ground or other surface) that could tend to induce penetration of a hazardous agent than the back portion 18, the back side of the finger portions 201-204, and the cuff 14, which may thus increase comfort of the wearer by allowing more heat loss or breathability than the palm portion 16 and the palm side of the finger portions 201-204 and the thumb portion 22.
Respective ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 that have a higher level of protection than other ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 can be referred to as “relatively more protective” ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10, whereas these other ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 can be referred to as “relatively less protective” ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 even though they provide significant protection. Thus, for example, in this embodiment, the selected regions R1-R6 of the palm portion 16 and the palm side of the finger portions 201-204 and the thumb portion 22 of the glove 10 can be referred to as relatively more protective ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10, while the selected regions R8, R9, R11-R13, R16, R17 of the back portion 18, the back side of the finger portions 203, 204, and the cuff 14 of the glove 10 can be referred to as relatively less protective ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10.
The different levels of protection, breathability, heat loss, dexterity, tactility, etc. in the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 may be implemented in various ways. For example, in some embodiments:
In this embodiment, the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 have different material compositions. That is, a material composition of a selected region Ri of the glove 10 is different from a material composition of another selected region Rj of the glove 10. To that end, the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 comprise a plurality of distinct materials M1-MG having different properties. The distinct materials M1-MG may belong to different classes or types of materials (e.g., polymers, metals, ceramics, composites, textiles or other fabrics, etc.) and/or may exhibit substantially different values of a given property (e.g., noxious fluid penetration resistance, rupture resistance, infectious agent penetration resistance, heat loss capability, breathability, tactility, etc.).
More particularly, in this embodiment, the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 are regions of the outer shell 19 of the glove 10 and the distinct materials M1-MG include a membranous material 28 and a fabric material 26.
The membranous material 28 is a material which is or resembles a membrane in that it is thin, pliable, continuous and generally film-like. In this embodiment, the membranous material 28 provides (i) a higher level of protection, notably a higher fluid penetration resistance and a higher microorganism penetration resistance and (ii) a higher tactility than the fabric material 26. The membranous material 28 may be an impermeable material, notably a liquid-impermeable material.
In some embodiments, the membranous material 28 may have a structure that is continuous and imperforate. Typically, this arrangement allows providing the highest level of protection against ingress of hazardous agents due to the absence of fluid pathways.
Alternatively, in other embodiments, the membranous material 28 may have apertures that provide a controlled fluid transfer capability. The size, density and location of the apertures determine the degree of fluid migration capability from the inside of the glove 10 to the outside. In one example of implementation, a perforated membrane may be used at locations of the glove 10 where a fabric material may not be suitable, yet where the fullest degree of protection is not required. The perforations in the membranous material 28 may provide breathability and/or moisture wicking. The perforations may be designed to provide a unidirectional fluid flow, for instance, from the inside out but block or at least impede the flow of fluid in the reverse direction. Examples of such membranous material is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,151,240 entitled “Method for debossing and perforating a running ribbon of thermoplastic film” issued on Oct. 19, 1976, and hereby incorporated by reference herein.
In this embodiment, the membranous material 28 is a polymeric material in a sheet-like form. The polymeric material 28 may be any suitable polymer (e.g., thermoplastic or thermoset polymer).
More particularly, in this embodiment, the polymeric material 28 is an elastomeric material. The elastomeric material 28 can be any polymeric material with suitable elasticity. For instance, in some embodiments, the elastomeric material 28 may be a thermoplastic elastomer (e.g., a fluorinated thermoplastic elastomer or any other thermoplastic elastomer) or a thermoset elastomer (e.g., a fluorinated thermoset elastomer or any other thermoset elastomer). In this example of implementation, the elastomeric material 28 is a rubber material. More specifically, in this example, the rubber material 28 is butyl rubber. Any other suitable rubber compound may be used in other examples (e.g., natural rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, etc.). Also, in other examples of implementation, the elastomeric material 28 may be another elastomer instead of rubber (e.g., a polyurethane elastomer, an ethylene elastomer, a propylene elastomer, a nitrile elastomer, an epichlorohydrin elastomer, a polychloroprene elastomer, an ethylene acrylic elastomer, a tetrafluoroethylene elastomer, a tetrafluoropropylene elastomer, a fluoroelastomer, a perfluoroelastomer, etc.).
In other embodiments, the membranous material 28 may be a polymeric non-elastomeric material or any other suitable polymeric material (e.g., polyethylene, polyamide, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polyacrylate, polysulfide, silicone, fluorosilicone, etc.).
In this example of implementation, respective ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 that are made of the rubber material 28 are imparted their shape during a molding process used to manufacture the glove 10, as further discussed below.
Respective ones of the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 that are made of the rubber material 28 may have structural features to enhance grip, flexion, integration with other protective equipment (e.g., to attach and/or seal with a sleeve of a protective suit), and/or other functions. For example, in this embodiment, regions of the palm portion 16 and the finger portions 203, 204 made of the rubber material 28 comprise a textured area 66 to improve grip, while regions corresponding to flex areas of the wearer's hand, such as metacarpal or phalangeal joints, comprise a flexion facilitator 67. In this case, the flexion facilitator 67 includes a plurality of ridges 68 forming a baffle. Also, in this embodiment, with additional reference to
The fabric material 26, which may also be referred to as a fibrous material or textile material, is a thin pliable material comprising natural or synthetic fibers that may form elongated fabric/textile elements, such as filaments, strands or yarns, and that have been combined by weaving, knitting, interlacing, felting, or otherwise crossing or entangling them. A fabric of the fabric material 26 can be a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric. In this example of implementation, the fabric material 26 provides comfort-enhancing properties to the glove 10, such as enhanced heat loss, breathability and moisture management, while affording certain protective features (e.g., protection against aerosol agents, etc.). More particularly, in this example of implementation, the fabric material 26 provides a higher heat loss capability or higher breathability than the rubber material 28.
In some embodiments, the fabric material 26 may comprise one or more plies of woven fabric, one or more plies of nonwoven fabric, and/or one or more plies of any other textile. The fibers, filaments, strands, yarn or other elongated fabric/textile elements of the fabric material 26 may be made of any suitable substance (e.g., polyester, nylon, spandex (elastane), or any other polymer, or blends of thereof).
In this embodiment, with additional reference to
The outer layer 341 of the fabric laminate 32 may provide desirable mechanical properties such as puncture and cut resistance and may further provide flame resistance as well as oil and lubricant resistance. In this embodiment, the outer layer 341 is a fabric layer. More particularly, in this embodiment, the outer layer 341 comprises an aramid-based fabric. In other embodiments, the outer layer 34 may comprise any other suitable fabric.
The intermediate layer 342 of the fabric laminate 32 may act as an aerosol barrier by providing protection against aerosol-borne biological agents and aerosolized chemical agents. In this embodiment, the intermediate layer 342 is a non-fabric layer (i.e., a layer of material other than fabric). More particularly, in this embodiment, the intermediate layer 342 is a breathable membrane. For example, in some embodiments, the intermediate layer 34 may be a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and/or polyurethane (PU) semi-permeable membrane. In other embodiments, the intermediate layer 342 may be a fabric layer.
The inner layer 343 of the fabric laminate 32 may provide protection against chemical substances (e.g., chemical weapon agents (CWA) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs)). In this embodiment, the inner layer 343 is a fabric layer comprising a fabric in which active particles are distributed. The active particles are “active” in that they have a property allowing them to induce a chemical and/or physical reaction in response to a stimulus at their surface. In this example, the active particles have an adsorptive property that causes them to adsorb contaminants or other noxious agents. More particularly, in this example, the active particles are microporous particle each including a multitude of pores (e.g., several thousands of pores) which can trap the contaminants or other noxious agents.
The active particles of the inner layer 343 may be implemented in any suitable way. In this embodiment, the active particles comprise activated carbon. The activated carbon may be produced in various known ways (e.g., from carbonaceous materials such as wood, nutshells, coconut husk, coir, peat, lignite, coal, or other carbonaceous substances using known processes (e.g., physical reactivation using hot gases which involves carbonization and/or oxidation, or chemical activation using chemicals on raw material prior to carbonization), or synthetically using known processes (e.g., pyrolysis of polystyrene beads)). In other embodiments, the active particles may comprise activated alumina (aluminum oxide), silica gel, soda ash, aluminum trihydrate, baking soda, cinoxate (p-methoxy-2-ethoxyethyl ester cinnamic acid), zinc oxide, zeolites, titanium dioxide, or any other suitable material.
The fabric laminate 32 of the fabric material 26 may be implemented in various other ways in other embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the fabric laminate 32 may comprise two layers instead of three, or more three layers. In other embodiments, the fabric laminate 32 may not be implemented at all, but rather the fabric material 26 may comprise a single layer.
In this embodiment, a selected region Ri of the glove 10 and another selected region Rj of the glove 10 that include the fabric material 26 are spaced apart from one another by an intermediate selected region Rk of the glove 10 that includes the rubber material 28 and is located between the selected regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10. The selected regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10 which include the fabric material 26 are therefore isolated from one another by the intermediate selected region Rk of the glove 10 that includes the rubber material 28. Notably, in this example, the selected regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10 which include the fabric material 26 form “islands” of the fabric material 26 that are isolated from one another and surrounded by adjacent selected regions of the glove 10 that include the rubber material 28. This may provide greater freedom and precision in tailoring or optimizing the glove 10 in terms of protection, comfort and performance.
For example, in this embodiment, the selected regions R8, R9, R11, R12, R13, R16, R17 of the glove 10 include the fabric material 26 and are spaced apart from one another by intermediate selected regions of the glove 10 that include the rubber material 28 and that are located between respective ones of the selected regions R8, R9, R11, R12, R13, R16, R17 of the glove 10. As such, the selected regions R8, R9, R11, R12, R13, R16, R17 of the glove 10 form islands of the fabric material 26 that are isolated from one another and surrounded by adjacent selected regions of the glove 10 that include the rubber material 28.
In some examples of implementation, the fabric material 26 in selected regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10 that are spaced apart from one another by an intermediate selected region Rk of the glove 10 that includes the rubber material 28 may be separate pieces of fabric material 26 that are distinct and separate from one another. For instance, in this embodiment, the fabric material 26 in each of the selected regions R9, R11, R12, R13 is a separate piece of fabric material.
In other examples of implementation, the fabric material 26 in selected regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10 that are spaced apart from one another by an intermediate selected region Rk of the glove 10 that includes the rubber material 28 may constitute a single piece of fabric material 26. For instance, in this embodiment, the fabric material 26 in the selected region R8 of the glove 10 and the fabric material 26 in the selected region R9 of the glove 10 are part of a single piece of fabric material, with the rubber material 28 of the selected region R10 of the glove 10 overlying a central part of that single piece of fabric material between the selected regions R8, R9 of the glove 10 such that this central part of the single piece of fabric material is covered by the rubber material 28 and concealed (i.e., not readily visible) at the external surface 31 of the glove 10.
In some embodiments, the fabric material 26 in a selected region Ri of the glove 10 and the fabric material 26 in another selected region Rj of the glove 10 may be substantially identical in composition (e.g., the same fabric laminate). Alternatively, in other embodiments, the fabric material 26 in a selected region Ri of the glove 10 may be different from the fabric material 26 in another selected region Rj of the glove 10. For instance, in some examples of implementation, the fabric material 26 in each of the selected regions R8, R9, R16, R17 of the cuff 14 may be different from, such as more breathable or allowing more heat loss than, the fabric material 26 in each of the selected regions R11-R13 of the back portion 18 and the back side of the finger portions 203, 204, which may provide more protection (e.g., more noxious liquid or gaseous penetration resistance) than the selected regions R8, R9, R16, R17 of the cuff 14, given that the back portion 18 and the back side of the finger portions 203, 204 may be more likely to contact or otherwise be exposed to hazardous agents or be damaged during use. For example, in some embodiments, the fabric laminate 32 of the fabric material 26 in each of the selected regions R8, R9, R16, R17 of the cuff 14 may be different from, such as have a different number of layers and/or different materials in one or more of its layers than, the fabric laminate 32 of the fabric material 26 in each of the selected regions R11-R13 of the back portion 18 and the back side of the finger portions 203, 204.
By having the fabric material 26 and the rubber material 28 in the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10, a useful combination of properties selectively located throughout different portions of the glove 10 can be achieved. For example, the rubber material 28 may be located at portions of the glove 10 more susceptible to be exposed to hazardous agents when in use. For instance, the palm portion 16 of the glove 10 is more susceptible to undergo noxious liquid penetration due to its greater potential to directly contact noxious agents and has a higher likelihood of having pressure applied to it due to, for example, interaction with work surfaces and/or implements. The finger portions 201-204 and thumb portion 22 are also more susceptible to come into contact with agents, and moreover can benefit from enhanced tactility and dexterity to the wearer's fingers and thumb. The fabric material 26 may be located at portions of the glove 10, such as the back portion 18 and the cuff 14, which are less susceptible to be exposed to hazardous agents or subject to high pressure during use, and thus used to provide enhanced heat loss and breathability to improve comfort of the wearer.
In addition to providing differential protection and other properties, in this embodiment, the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 are configured to impart an ergonomic fit to the glove 10 and to facilitate donning and doffing of the glove 10.
For instance, in this embodiment, the glove 10 is provided with a variable stretchability profile that facilitates the placement of the glove 10 on the wearer's hand and the removal of the glove 10 from the wearer's hand. With reference to
The area of the glove 10 which typically needs to stretch the most is the area 29 that is located at the base of the wrist. The area 29 is designed as a tightfitting area (e.g., a constriction or “throat”) in order to create a seal preventing entry inside the glove 10 of noxious substances in addition to securing the glove to the wearer's hand and preventing it from slipping from the hand accidentally. In the form of construction of the glove 10 described earlier, which uses a combination of rubber and fabric materials, a selective stretchability profile can be accomplished by designing the glove 10 such that the areas where more stretchability is desired uses more of the rubber material 28, which is more stretchable than the fabric material 26.
In this example of implementation, the distribution of the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26 is such that (i) the island of fabric material R11 and (ii) the islands of fabric material R16 and R17 are separated by a continuous and uninterrupted zone of the rubber material 28 that coincides with the area 29. The zone of rubber material 28 thus forms a continuous band that encircles the base of the wrist providing the desired degree of stretchability yet providing a sufficiently tight fit for protection against ingress of foreign material and also firm attachment to the hand.
Variants are possible in other embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, instead of providing the glove 10 with an uninterrupted zone of rubber material in the area 29, inserts of fabric material can be used if the nature of the rubber material is such that the remaining rubber will still be able to provide the desired degree of stretchability.
To further facilitate the placement of the glove 10 on the wearer's hand, the island of fabric material R11 is provided with a recessed portion 35, which forms in the island R11 two adjacent sections which are joined by a narrow bridge 37 allowing the two sections to open up as the wearer inserts his/her hand in the glove 10. In this case, the recess 35 has a variable transverse dimension, being largest in the location which is adjacent the area 29. This allows providing more stretchability closest to the area 29 which is the narrowest region.
Similarly, the islands R16 and R17 of fabric material are separated by a continuous and tapering band 39 of rubber material allowing the islands R16 and R17 to move apart as the wearer inserts his/her hand in the glove 10. As with the recess 35, the band 39 has its largest transverse dimension adjacent the area 29 to provide more flexibility in the narrowest region.
More generally, increased stretchability in the area 29 can be achieved by controlling the ratio between the surface area of rubber material and the surface area of fabric material at different positions on the longitudinal axis 74 of the glove 10. At the position corresponding to the area 29, the ratio should be higher than at the position that is generally above the area 29 and which corresponds to the base of the thumb and above. Similarly, the ratio in the area 29 should be higher than at the position which is below the area 29 that corresponds to portions of the glove 10 which progressively taper out from the area 29.
The glove 10, including its selected regions R1-RN with different properties, may be manufactured in any suitable way. Notably, in this embodiment, the distinct materials M1-MG, including the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26 in this case, may be interconnected in any suitable manner.
With additional reference to
More particularly, in this embodiment, the glove 10 is manufactured using an overmolding process in which the rubber material 28 is overmolded onto the fabric material 26 such that the joint 40 between the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26 of the adjacent regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10 is an overmolded joint. That is, the rubber material 28 of the region Ri of the glove 10 is overmolded onto the fabric material 26 of the region Rj of the glove 10 to form the joint 40. With additional reference to
The rubber material 28 may penetrate to any suitable depth within the fabric material 26. For example, in some embodiments, the rubber material 28 may flow to a depth corresponding to at least 10% of a thickness of the fabric material 26, in some cases at least 20% of the thickness of the fabric material 26, in some cases at least 30% of the thickness of the fabric material 26, in some cases at least 40% of the thickness of the fabric material 26, in some cases at least 50% of the thickness of the fabric material 26, and in some cases even deeper. In some cases, the rubber material 28 may pass completely through a fabric layer of the fabric material 26, such as, in this example, the outer fabric layer 341 of the fabric laminate 32 (e.g., before stopping at the membrane 342).
To enhance the mechanical integration between the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26, in some embodiments, additional anchoring points can be created in the fabric material 26 by forming recesses, such as apertures, in which the rubber material 28 flows and, upon setting, provides added retention. Anchoring points can also be achieved by forming projections on the surface of the fabric material 26 that embed themselves in the rubber mass during the molding operation. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, a surface treatment (e.g., a primer, a corona plasma treatment, etc.) may be applied to the fabric material 26 to enhance bonding.
For instance, with further reference to
In a variant of the overmolding process, with further reference to
In this embodiment, the finger portions 201-204 and the thumb portion 22 may be configured to enhance prehension or other aspects of dexterity when wearing the glove 10. Notably, in this embodiment, with additional reference to
More particularly, in this embodiment, an end portion 91 of the fingertip part 83 is thicker than an adjacent portion 85 of the fingertip part 83. The adjacent portion 85 of the fingertip part 83 includes a palm-side portion 87 and a backside portion 89 of the fingertip part 83. For example, in some embodiments, a ratio of (i) a thickness Tt of the end portion 91 of the fingertip part 83 over (ii) a thickness Ta of the adjacent portion 85 of the fingertip part 83 may be at least 1.1, in some cases at least 1.2, in some cases at least 1.3, in some cases at least 1.4, in some cases at least 1.5, and in some cases even more (e.g., 2 or more).
In this example, the end portion 91 of the fingertip part 83 which is thicker is located closer to the backside portion 89 of the fingertip part 83 than to the palm-side portion 87 of the fingertip part 83 (i.e., closer to a fingernail of the wearer's finger or thumb).
Also, in this example, the fingertip part 83 is jointless. That is, the fingertip part 83 does not have a joint (e.g., a seam) that interconnects different areas of the fingertip part 83. Thus, thickening of the fingertip part 83 is by design, not as a result of a manufacturing constraint or artifact. In this embodiment, this jointless nature of the fingertip part 83 is achieved during molding of the glove 10.
In this example, the thickened fingertip part 83 is achieved by having more of the rubber material 28. In other examples of implementation, the fingertip part 83 may comprise layer of material different from the rubber material 28 to be thickened.
Applications of the glove 10 may exist where certain coloring or pattern needs to be placed on the external surface 31 of the glove 10. For example, in some embodiments, when the glove 10 is used in military applications, a camouflage pattern is customarily applied on its external surface 31. In this embodiment, where the glove 10 uses two different kinds of materials, namely the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26, the application of the camouflage pattern over the entire glove becomes more complicated because different application processes are necessary, one for each kind of material. In the case of the fabric material 26, the pattern can be printed in the customary fashion before the overmolding operation. In such case, the printed fabric is introduced in the mold and the rubber material 28 is injected, as discussed above. The glove 10 thus has a camouflage pattern on the areas where the fabric material 26 is present and visible. In some cases, to the extent it is desired and/or necessary, a camouflage or other pattern can be applied on the rubber material 28 by using any suitable process. In many practical applications, the nature of the rubber material 28 may be such that its color is dark and inherently visually disguising, which obviates the need for any coloring or printing of the rubber.
The glove 10 may be configured and/or made in any other suitable ways in other embodiments.
For example, while in this embodiment the glove 10 is manufactured through an injection molding process, in other embodiments, the glove 10 may be manufactured through a compression molding process, a transfer molding process, a vacuum molding process or any other suitable molding process.
As another example, rather than being an overmolded joint resulting from an overmolding process, the joint 40 between the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26 of adjacent regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10 may be implemented in various other ways. For instance, in other embodiments, the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26 of adjacent regions Ri, Rj of the glove 10 may be joined via ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, stitching, or any other suitable fastening procedure, The joint 40 may thus comprise a weld, an adhesive, a stitch, or any other suitable fastener. In such embodiments, the rubber material 28 may be first molded on its own without integrating the fabric material 26. Openings to receive pieces of the fabric material 26 may be provided at proper locations (e.g., by designing the mold 41 accordingly, or by cutting or otherwise making these openings after molding of the rubber material 26).
As yet another example, instead of or in addition to having different material compositions to provide their different properties, the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 may have different thicknesses. For instance, in some embodiments, the rubber material 28 may be made thicker at selected locations of the glove 10 (e.g., thicker in the palm portion 16 than at a fingertip area of the finger portions 201-204) in order to increase the level of protection accorded to the wearer.
As yet another example, in addition to providing comfort-enhancing features, in some embodiments, the fabric material 26 may further provide a noxious agent detector. For instance, where an interaction with a hazardous agent is possible, the wearer may desire to be aware when such interaction occurs. To this end, the hazardous agent detector is operable to react to presence of a targeted agent or a plurality of targeted agents. For example, the hazardous agent detector may undergo a change in color when in the presence of the targeted agent or agents.
The wearer may thus observe the change in color of the fabric material 26 to be aware of the targeted agent or agents' presence. The noxious agent detector may be implemented by agent-detecting additive added to the fabric material 26 or by the fibers or other elongated fabric elements of the fabric material 26 themselves.
In some embodiments, to facilitate the interpretation of the color change, a color key can be printed or otherwise applied on the glove 10 such that the wearer can determine the kind of noxious agent present and its concentration in absolute terms or in relative terms, such as its degree of severity. For example, the color key may have independent color zones for different types of noxious agents, with the detectors for the noxious agents placed adjacent the respective keys such that a color change can be readily compared to the key.
As yet another example, in some embodiments, the fabric material 26 may also serve as an end-of-service-life indicator (ESLI). For instance, the fabric material 26 may be embedded with a sorbent such as to absorb a targeted agent to which the glove 10 is exposed. Once the sorbent has absorbed a given amount of targeted agent, it undergoes a color change indicating that the service life of the glove 10 is nearing its end and consequently that the glove 10 needs replacement. This may be useful where the wearer wants to know more accurately when the glove 10 needs to be replaced rather than by counting a period of time or an amount of usage cycles the glove 10 has been used for.
As yet another example, in other embodiments, the selected regions R1-RN of the glove 10 that have different properties may be configured in any other suitable way. For instance,
As yet another example, while in this embodiment the distinct materials M1-MG of the glove 10 are the rubber material 28 and the fabric material 26, in other embodiments, the distinct materials M1-MG of the glove 10 may include any other combination of different materials (which may or may not include rubber and/or fabric).
Although in this embodiment the article of personal protective equipment 10 is a glove, in other embodiments, articles of personal protective equipment constructed using principles described herein in respect of the glove 10 may be any other type of article of personal protective equipment for a wearer working in an environment where he/she may be exposed to noxious agents.
For example,
The protective headgear 110 comprises a head portion 112 for covering a forehead and head of the wearer, a visor portion 114 for shielding the wearer's eyes of the wearer, and a face portion 116 for covering the wearer's face. In this embodiment, the head portion 112 and the face portion 116 are configured to provide selective protection, breathability, heat loss, and/or other functionality in different regions of the protective headgear 110 that cover different parts of the wearer's head and face, thereby allowing the protective headgear 110 to be tailored or optimized in terms of protection, performance and comfort.
Selected regions T1-TM of the protective headgear 110 have different properties, such as different levels of protection, breathability, heat loss, and/or another function. This is achieved by the selected regions T1-TM of the protective headgear 110 having different structures (e.g., different material compositions or different thicknesses of a common material composition), following substantially similar principles as those discussed above in relation to the glove 10. More particularly, in this embodiment, the selected regions T1-TM of the protective headgear 110 may include distinct materials, including a fabric material 126 and a membranous material 128 (e.g., a rubber material).
Thus, for example, the head portion 112 may have one or more regions Ti-Tn made of the fabric material 126 which may provide higher breathability and/or heat loss capability than one or more regions To-Tu of the head portion 112 and the face portion 116 made of the membranous material 128, which in turn may provide higher noxious fluid penetration resistance than the one or more regions Ti-Tn.
Thus, for example, the head portion 212 may have one or more regions Si-Sn made of fabric material 226 which may provide higher breathability and/or heat loss capability than one or more regions So-Su of the head portion 212 and the face portion 216 made of membranous material 228, which in turn may provide higher noxious fluid penetration resistance than the one or more regions Si-Sn.
As another example,
The protective suit 310 is configured for generally covering a body of the wearer. In this case, the protective suit 310 may also comprise a hood 337 for generally covering a head of the wearer. In this embodiment, the protective suit 310 is configured to provide selective protection, breathability, heat loss, and/or other functionality in different regions of the protective suit 310, thereby allowing the protective suit 310 to be tailored or optimized in terms of protection, performance and comfort.
Selected regions Q1-QM of the protective suit 310 have different properties, such as different levels of protection, breathability, heat loss, and/or another function. This is achieved by the selected regions Q1-QM of the protective suit 310 having different structures (e.g., different material compositions or different thicknesses of a common material composition), following substantially similar principles as those discussed above in relation to the glove 10. More particularly, in this embodiment, the selected regions Q1-QM of the protective suit 310 include distinct materials, including a fabric material 326 and a membranous material 328 (e.g., a rubber material).
Thus, for example, the protective suit 310 may have one or more regions Qi-Qn made of the fabric material 326 which may provide higher breathability and/or heat loss capability than one or more regions Qo-Qu made of the membranous material 328, which in turn may provide higher noxious fluid penetration resistance than the one or more regions Qi-Qn. For instance, in some embodiments, elbow and knee regions of the protective suit 310 may provide higher noxious fluid penetration resistance since they are more likely to be subject to pressure; a chest region of the protective suit 310 may provide higher noxious fluid penetration resistance; and/or armpit, torsal side, and back regions of the protective suit 310 may provide lower noxious fluid penetration resistance but higher heat loss and breathability since they may be less likely to be directly exposed or in contact with hazardous agents. A region of the protective suit 310 covered by or covering another article of personal protective equipment, such as the hood 337 over or under a protective headgear and/or a sleeve under or over a protective glove, may provide lower noxious fluid penetration resistance but higher heat loss capability or breathability.
As another example,
The protective overboot 410 may comprise an ankle portion 412 for covering an ankle and lower leg of the wearer and a foot portion 413 for covering a foot of the wearer. The foot portion 413 comprises a toe portion 414 for covering toes of the wearer and a sole portion 416 for covering an underside of the wearer's foot and engaging the ground. The protective overboot 410 is configured to provide selective protection, breathability, heat loss, and/or other functionality in different regions of the protective overboot 410 that cover different parts of the wearer's lower leg, ankle, and foot, thereby allowing the protective overboot 410 to be tailored or optimized in terms of protection, performance and comfort.
Selected regions P1-PM of the protective overboot 410 have different properties, such as different levels of protection, breathability, heat loss, and/or another function. This is achieved by the selected regions P1-PM of the protective overboot 410 having different structures (e.g., different material compositions or different thicknesses of a common material composition), following substantially similar principles as those discussed above in relation to the glove 10. More particularly, in this embodiment, the selected regions P1-PM of the protective overboot 410 include distinct materials, including a fabric material 426 and a membranous material 428 (e.g., a rubber material).
Thus, for example, the ankle portion 412 may have one or more regions Pi-Pn made of the fabric material 426 which may provide higher breathability and/or heat loss capability than one or more regions Po-Pu of the ankle portion 412 and the foot portion 413 that are made of the membranous material 428, which in turn may provide higher noxious fluid penetration resistance than the one or more regions Pi-Pn. A top region, such as an instep region, of the foot portion 413 may be made of the fabric material 426 to provide higher heat loss capability or breathability but lower noxious fluid penetration resistance than a bottom region (e.g., a sole region) of the foot portion 413 since it is less likely to be subject to pressure.
Any feature of any embodiment discussed herein may be combined with any feature of any other embodiment discussed herein in some examples of implementation.
Certain additional elements that may be needed for operation of certain embodiments have not been described or illustrated as they are assumed to be within the purview of those of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, certain embodiments may be free of, may lack and/or may function without any element that is not specifically disclosed herein.
Although various embodiments and examples have been presented, this was for the purpose of describing, but not limiting, the invention. Various modifications and enhancements will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art and are within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2808848 | Mar 2013 | CA | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2014/000198 | 3/7/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/134715 | 9/12/2014 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4416026 | Smith | Nov 1983 | A |
| 4757555 | Gold | Jul 1988 | A |
| 6156421 | Stopper | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6179939 | Jones, Jr. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6185747 | Hughes | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6909028 | Shawver | Jun 2005 | B1 |
| 6993793 | Li | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7553779 | Wyner et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 8163036 | Vempati | Apr 2012 | B1 |
| 20050268374 | Mattesky | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060115653 | Soerens | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060143767 | Yang et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20070000017 | Hofmann | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083980 | Yang et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070181001 | Bohringer | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20090126074 | Mattesky | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20100024095 | Gellis | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100325779 | Matsunobu | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110179551 | VanErmen | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20120266359 | Gellis | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jul. 3, 2014 in connection with PCT Patent Application PCT/CA2014/000198, 14 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in connection with International PCT Application No. PCT/CA2014/000198 dated Jul. 3, 2014. |
| Extended European Search Report issued in connection with European Patent Application No. 14759639.9 dated Aug. 3, 2016. |
| Supplementary European Search Report issued in connection with European Patent Application No. 14759639.9 dated Aug. 22, 2016. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160037839 A1 | Feb 2016 | US |
