As the popularity of mobile based social networking systems continues to grow, users increasingly share media content items, such as electronic images, animations, or videos with each other. These media content items are typically uniquely personalized, and thus, reflect a demand to encourage electronic visual communication on a global scale.
Social networking systems comprise millions of users. Each user in a social networking system can transmit media content items between members of his or her individual social networking profile or to individuals outside of the social networking profile.
To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.
The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that embody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various embodiments of the inventive subject matter. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In general, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques are not necessarily shown in detail.
When sending media content items between users, it is paramount that the social networking systems provide the ability to present to each user the media content items that are most interesting or relevant to them. The ability to modify and customize media content items during the generation stage of such items, improves interconnectivity and interactivity of the end user dramatically. In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a system is provided that improves on the functionality of recommending media overlay icons that are overlaid on top of media content items during generation of a content collection or ephemeral message content collection. The system accesses data entered into a descriptive text data interface (e.g. a caption field) during generation of a content collection and determines which words, phrases, numbers, or letters, are associated with stored media overlay icons.
Once the system finds a match of associated media overlay icons, a second media overlay icon interface is generated in order to display the media overlay icons that correspond to the analyzed words, phrases, numbers, or letters in descriptive text data interface. A user of the client device is able to select the desired media overlay icon and overlay it over the content collection or ephemeral message content collection prior to transmission.
Embodiments of the present disclosure improve the functionality of media overlay recommendation systems in electronic messaging and imaging software systems by accessing and determining, during generating of a content collection, which terms in a descriptive text interface are directly associated with media overlay icons and by minimizing the delay in executing an augmented overlay function using media icon overlay icons thereby simplifying and technologically enhancing the animation and content collection generation process.
A messaging client application 104 is able to communicate and exchange data with another messaging client application 104 and with the messaging server system 108 via the network 106. The data exchanged between messaging client application 104, and between a messaging client application 104 and the messaging server system 108, includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data).
The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality via the network 106 to a particular messaging client application 104. While certain functions of the messaging system 100 are described herein as being performed by either a messaging client application 104 or by the messaging server system 108, the location of certain functionality either within the messaging client application 104 or the messaging server system 108 is a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging server system 108, but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the messaging client application 104 where a Client device 102 has a sufficient processing capacity.
The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operations that are provided to the messaging client application 104. Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the messaging client application 104. This data may include, message content, Client Device information, geolocation information, media annotation and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the messaging system 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the messaging client application 104.
Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, an Application Program Interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, an application server 112. The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored data associated with messages processed by the application server 112.
The Application Program Interface (API) server 110 receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between the client device 102 and the application server 112. Specifically, the Application Program Interface (API) server 110 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the messaging client application 104 in order to invoke functionality of the application server 112. The Application Program Interface (API) server 110 exposes various functions supported by the application server 112, including account registration, login functionality, the sending of messages, via the application server 112, from a particular messaging client application 104 to another messaging client application 104, the sending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a messaging client application 104 to the messaging server application 114, and for possible access by another messaging client application 104, the setting of a collection of media data (e.g., content collection), the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device 102, the retrieval of such collections, the retrieval of messages and content, the adding and deletion of friends to a social graph, the location of friends within a social graph, and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the messaging client application 104).
The application server 112 hosts a number of applications and subsystems, including a messaging server application 114, an image processing system 116, a social network system 122, and a media overlay recommendation system 124. The messaging server application 114 implements a number of message processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the messaging client application 104. As will be described in further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called content collections or galleries). These collections are then made available, by the messaging server application 114, to the messaging client application 104. Other Processor and memory intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the messaging server application 114, in view of the hardware requirements for such processing.
The application server 112 also includes an image processing system 116 that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations, typically with respect to images or video received within the payload of a message at the messaging server application 114.
The social network system 122 supports various social networking functions services, and makes these functions and services available to the messaging server application 114. To this end, the social network system 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph 304 (as shown in
The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored data associated with messages processed by the messaging server application 114.
The media overlay recommendation system 124 is responsible for managing the recommendation process of media overlay icons that are rendered and overlaid on top of the media content items during generation of media content, content collection, or ephemeral content collections. The media overlay recommendation system 124 analyzes descriptive text data entered into a descriptive text data interface and associates all or portions of the descriptive text data with content characteristics associated with media overlay icons, as shown and explained further in
The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing the temporary access to content permitted by the messaging client application 104 and the messaging server application 114. To this end, the ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, or collection of messages (e.g., a content collection), selectively display and enable access to messages and associated content via the messaging client application 104. Further details regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.
The collection management system 204 is responsible for managing collections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video and audio data). In some examples, a collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video, text and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “event content collection.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates. For example, content relating to a music concert may be made available as a “content collection” for the duration of that music concert. The collection management system 204 may also be responsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of a particular collection to the user interface of the messaging client application 104.
The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curation interface 208 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate a particular collection of content. For example, the curation interface 208 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of content relating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content or redundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204 employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and content rules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain embodiments, compensation may be paid to a user for inclusion of user-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the curation interface 208 operates to automatically make payments to such users for the use of their content.
The annotation system 206 provides various functions that enable a user to annotate or otherwise modify or edit media content associated with a message. For example, the annotation system 206 provides functions related to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messages processed by the messaging system 100. The annotation system 206 operatively supplies a media overlay or supplementation (e.g., an image filter) to the messaging client application 104 based on a geolocation of the Client device 102. In another example, the annotation system 206 operatively supplies a media overlay to the messaging client application 104 based on other information, such as social network information of the user of the Client device 102. A media overlay may include audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., a photo) at the Client device 102. For example, the media overlay may include text that can be overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the Client device 102. In another example, the media overlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example, the annotation system 206 uses the geolocation of the Client device 102 to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the Client device 102. The media overlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may be stored in the database 120 and accessed through the database server 118.
In one example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides a user-based publication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a map, and upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlay should be offered to other users. The annotation system 206 generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation.
In another example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides a merchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select a particular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. For example, the annotation system 206 associates the media overlay of a highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time.
The database 120 includes message data stored within a message table 314. The entity table 302 stores entity data, including an entity graph 304. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table 302 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events, etc. Regardless of type, any entity regarding which the messaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognized entity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity type identifier (not shown).
The entity graph 304 furthermore stores information regarding relationships and associations between entities. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization) interested-based or activity-based, merely for example.
The database 120 also stores annotation data, in the example form of filters, in an annotation table 312. Filters for which data is stored within the annotation table 312 are associated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in a video table 310) or images (for which data is stored in an image table 308). Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of varies types, including user-selected filters from a gallery of filters presented to a sending user by the messaging client application 104 when the sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geo-filters) which may be presented to a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a user interface by the messaging client application 104, based on geolocation information determined by a GPS unit of the Client device 102. Another type of filer is a data filer, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the messaging client application 104, based on other inputs or information gathered by the Client device 102 during the message creation process. Example of data filters include current temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for a Client device 102, or the current time.
Other annotation data that may be stored within the image table 308 is graphic overlay data. Graphical overlay data may be a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image, or a video. This includes real-time modification which modifies an image as it is captured using a device sensor and then displayed on a screen of the device with the modifications. This also includes modifications to stored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified.
As mentioned above, the video table 310 stores video data which, in one embodiment, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within the message table 314. Similarly, the image table 308 stores image data associated with messages for which message data is stored in the entity table 302. The entity table 302 may associate various annotations from the annotation table 312 with various images and videos stored in the image table 308 and the video table 310.
A content collection table 306 stores data regarding collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into a collection (e.g., a content collection or a gallery). The creation of a particular collection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user for which a record is maintained in the entity table 302). A user may create a “personal content collection” in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interface of the messaging client application 104 may include an icon that is user-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personal content collection.
A collection may also constitute a “live content collection,” which is a collection of content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a “live content collection” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from varies locations and events. Users whose client devices have location services enabled and are at a common location event at a particular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a user interface of the messaging client application 104, to contribute content to a particular live content collection. The live content collection may be identified to the user by the messaging client application 104, based on his or her location. The end result is a “live content collection” told from a community perspective.
A further type of content collection is known as a “location content collection”, which enables a user whose Client device 102 is located within a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a particular collection. In some embodiments, a contribution to a location content collection may require a second degree of authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the university campus).
The database 120 also stores a metadata table 316, segment table 318, and a media overlay table 320. The metadata table 316 includes the metadata associated with the media content items, media overlay icons, three-dimensional (3D) animation graphics and objects, or two-dimensional (2D) images. The metadata can be associated with the animation, including 3D animation, that is created by a content creator and the media content identifier. The media content items and media overlay icons can include a plurality of media content segments and media overlay icon segments, which may also be referred to as media overlay icon characteristics, that include a user's avatar, media overlay icons, or other 3D images. The segment table 318 can store the media content segments (e.g. media overlay icon content characteristics). The media overlay table 320 can store the media content segments/media overlay icon characteristics associated with each of the media content segments and media overlay icons. For example, once a media overlay icon with the same or similar media content segment or media overlay characteristics corresponding to descriptive text data input by a user of the client device 102, the media overlay table 320 can provide the associated media overlay icon for transmission or delivery for augmented overlay on top of the media content.
The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message 400 may be pointers to locations in tables within which content data values are stored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 may be a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 308. Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to data stored within a video table 310, values stored within the message annotations 412 may point to data stored in an annotation table 312, values stored within the message content collection identifier 418 may point to data stored in a content collection table 306, and values stored within the message sender identifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to user records stored within an entity table 302.
In one embodiment, the media overlay recommendation system 124 receives a string of descriptive text data from a descriptive text data interface 504 displayed on a display of the client device 102. The descriptive text data may be any combination of a single word, phrase, title, slogan, or sentence that describes any action, event, place, or object that the content creator desires to input. The descriptive text data interface 504 is an interface that permits a user or content creator to input a text string which includes letters, numbers, or special characters to be superimposed or overlaid on top of an ephemeral message, content collection, non-ephemeral message or ephemeral content collection. The client device 102 or media overlay recommendation system 124 analyzes the descriptive text data to determine which portion, whole or in part, of the descriptive text data matches, in whole or in part, with a media segment or media overlay characteristic in the media overlay table 320.
As shown in
As shown, the media overlay icon 1510 comprises media overlay icon characteristics “LOL, laugh, laugh out loud” and media overlay icon 2512 comprises media overlay icon characteristics “lol” and “laugh-out-loud”. These media overlay icon characteristics may also be stored as metadata within the metadata table 316. The recommendation rendering system determines that the media overlay icon characteristics of each of media overlay icon 1510 and media overlay icon 2512 match the data characteristic of the description text data (e.g., “LOL”). The recommendation rendering system 508 retrieves each of the media overlay icon 1510 and the media overlay icon 512 and generates a media overlay icon interface at the client device 102 (explained in more detail below). The retrieval system 506 may also rank each media overlay icon in the media overlay icon interface according to a number or frequency of confirmed matches between the descriptive text data and associated media overlay characteristics.
In operation 604, the computing system analyzes the descriptive text data to identify at least one data characteristic within the descriptive text data. In one example, the data characteristic includes a word, phrase, letter, or number, or any combination thereof, that may be mapped with metadata stored in the metadata table 316. In another example, the data characteristic may be a portion of a word, sentence, or phrase that have the same or similar characteristics to the media overlay icon characteristics associated with the stored media overlay icons.
In operation 606, the computing system accesses a plurality of personalized media overlay icons each comprising at least one media overlay icon characteristic. The media overlay icons are also referred to herein as personalized media overlay icons. In one example, the personalized media overlay icons are icons that include an avatar of the user or content creator or some other personalized image, digital effigy, 3D image, overlay, transformation, or animation.
In operation 608, the computing system determines whether the identified at least one data characteristic is associated with any of the at least one media overlay icon characteristics of each of the plurality of personalized media overlay icons. In one example, the personalized media overlay icons may include media overlay icon characteristic stored as metadata in the metadata table 316 or may include characteristic data attached or included within the structure of the media overlay icon. In one example, the retrieval system 506 may execute the operation 608. In response to determining that the at least one data characteristic of the descriptive text data is associated with a media overlay icon characteristic of a selection of personalized media overlay icons of the plurality of personalized media overlay icons, the computing system generates a personalized overlay icon interface comprising a selection of the plurality of personalized media overlay icons that comprise at least one media content icon characteristic associated with the at least one data characteristic as shown in operation 610. In one example, the selection of the plurality of personalized media overlay icons are arranged in the personalized media overlay icon interface.
In operation 612, the computing system causes the personalized overlay icon interface comprising the selection of the plurality of personalized media overlay icons to be overlaid on the media content item displayed on the client device below the descriptive text data interface. In one example, the personalized overlay icon interface may be overlaid during the generation of a message (including an ephemeral message 1002), a content collection, or an ephemeral content collection. In another example, the media overlay recommendation system 124 generates a second personalized overlay icon interface comprising a second selection of a plurality of personalized media overlay icons that are associated with the data characteristic. The computing system causes the second selection of the plurality of personalized media overlay icons to be displayed in the second media overlay icon interface in a ranked or prioritized order according to which media overlay icon comprises media overlay icon characteristics that are the most similar or directly match the data characteristic of the descriptive text data.
In one example, the client device detects a user gesture applied to a display of selected personalized media overlay icon within the second selection of the plurality of personalized media overlay icons. The user gesture may be any one of a combination of hand swipes, finger swipes, eye-gaze, arm or leg movements, voice command, or body movement implemented on the client device 102. A series of commands may be executed in response to the detected user gestures, which may include, deactivating the descriptive text interface, activating a keyboard interface, re-activating the media overlay icon interface, or expanding the media overlay icon interface.
The menu option 702 may be activated and expose a plurality of menu options, including but not limited to, accessing a friend list, viewing content collection generation scores, viewing rewards, accessing settings, or the like. The text editor 704 includes options to modify, add, or remove text formatting. In one example, the text editor 704 permits the content creator to change the font size, style, or format for any text entered into the descriptive text data interface 504 or associated with media overlay icons. The color indicator 706 also permits the content creator to change or modify the color directed to any text entered into the descriptive text data interface 504 or associated with media overlay icons. The back button 716 displays a previous page or different page previously viewed in the media overlay recommendation system 124 user interface 700.
The user interface 700 also includes the descriptive text data interface 504 which, in one example, is a data field designed to receive user input in the form of an alpha-numeric character string. There may be a predetermined limit as to how many characters are permitted within the descriptive text data interface 504. The alpha-numeric character string may also be referred to as caption data that is overlaid or superimposed on top of the media content item, ephemeral message, or content collection. An additional media overlay icon edit interface 704 is also depicted which may be designed to include executable operations to modify or manipulate the descriptive text data input in the descriptive text data interface 504.
In one example, when the descriptive text data is entered into the descriptive text data interface 504, the media overlay icon interface 802 is generated in real time (or near real time) and appears instantly in the user interface 800 of the client device 102. Upon detecting a user gesture, the client device can activate or deactivate the keyboard interface 714 or the media overlay icon interface 802.
An ephemeral message 1002 is shown to be associated with a message duration parameter 1006, the value of which determines an amount of time that the ephemeral message 1002 will be displayed to a receiving user of the ephemeral message 1002 by the messaging client application 104. In one embodiment, an ephemeral message 1002 is viewable by a receiving user for up to a maximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of time that the sending user specifies using the message duration parameter 1006.
The message duration parameter 1006 and the message receiver identifier 424 are shown to be inputs to a message timer 1012, which is responsible for determining the amount of time that the Ephemeral message 1002 is shown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiver identifier 424. In particular, the ephemeral message 1002 will only be shown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by the value of the message duration parameter 1006. The message timer 1012 is shown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system 202, which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content (e.g., an ephemeral message 1002) to a receiving user.
The ephemeral message 10022 is shown in
Additionally, each ephemeral message 1002 within the ephemeral message group 1004 has an associated group participation parameter 1010, a value of which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message 1002 will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message group 1004. Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message group 1004 may “expire” and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral message group 1004, prior to the ephemeral message group 1004 itself expiring in terms of the group duration parameter 1008. The group duration parameter 1008, group participation parameter 1010, and message receiver identifier 424 each provide input to a group timer 1014, which operationally determines, firstly, whether a particular ephemeral message 1002 of the ephemeral message group 1004 will be displayed to a particular receiving user and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message group 1004 is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as a result of the message receiver identifier 424.
Accordingly, the group timer 1014 operationally controls the overall lifespan of an associated ephemeral message group 1004, as well as an individual ephemeral message 1002 included in the ephemeral message group 1004. In one embodiment, each and every ephemeral message 1002 within the ephemeral message group 1004 remains viewable and accessible for a time-period specified by the group duration parameter 1008. In a further embodiment, a certain ephemeral message 1002 may expire, within the context of ephemeral message group 1004, based on a group participation parameter 1010. Note that a message duration parameter 1006 may still determine the duration of time for which a particular ephemeral message 1002 is displayed to a receiving user, even within the context of the ephemeral message group 1004. Accordingly, the message duration parameter 1006 determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message 1002 is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether the receiving user is viewing that ephemeral message 1002 inside or outside the context of an ephemeral message group 1004.
The ephemeral timer system 202 may furthermore operationally remove a particular ephemeral message 1002 from the ephemeral message group 1004 based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated group participation parameter 1010. For example, when a sending user has established a group participation parameter 1010 of 24 hours from posting, the ephemeral timer system 202 will remove the relevant ephemeral message 1002 from the ephemeral message group 1004 after the specified 24 hours. The ephemeral timer system 202 also operates to remove an ephemeral message group 1004 either when the group participation parameter 1010 for each and every ephemeral message 1002 within the ephemeral message group 1004 has expired, or when the ephemeral message group 1004 itself has expired in terms of the group duration parameter 1008.
In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message group 1004 may specify an indefinite group duration parameter 1008. In this case, the expiration of the group participation parameter 1010 for the last remaining ephemeral message 1002 within the ephemeral message group 1004 will determine when the ephemeral message group 1004 itself expires. In this case, a new ephemeral message 1002, added to the ephemeral message group 1004, with a new group participation parameter 1010, effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message group 1004 to equal the value of the group participation parameter 1010.
Responsive to the ephemeral timer system 202 determining that an ephemeral message group 1004 has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible), the ephemeral timer system 202 communicates with the messaging system 100 (and, for example, specifically the messaging client application 104) to cause an indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevant ephemeral message group 1004 to no longer be displayed within a user interface of the messaging client application 104. Similarly, when the ephemeral timer system 202 determines that the message duration parameter 1006 for a particular ephemeral message 1002 has expired, the ephemeral timer system 202 causes the messaging client application 104 to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an icon or textual identification) associated with the ephemeral message 1002.
The machine 1100 may include processors 1102, memory 1104, and I/O components 1138, which may be configured to communicate with each other via a bus 1140. In an example embodiment, the processors 1102 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another Processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a Processor 1106 and a Processor 1110 that execute the instructions 1108. The term “Processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although
The memory 1104 includes a main memory 1112, a static memory 1114, and a storage unit 1116, both accessible to the processors 1102 via the bus 1140. The main memory 1104, the static memory 1114, and storage unit 1116 store the instructions 1108 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1108 may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 1112, within the static memory 1114, within machine-readable medium 1118 within the storage unit 1116, within at least one of the processors 1102 (e.g., within the Processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 1100.
The I/O components 1138 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 1138 that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 1138 may include many other components that are not shown in
In further example embodiments, the I/O components 1138 may include biometric components 1128, motion components 1130, environmental components 1132, or position components 1134, among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 1128 include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components 1130 include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope). The environmental components 1132 include, for example, one or cameras (with still image/photograph and video capabilities), illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components 1134 include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver Component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.
Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 1138 further include communication components 1136 operable to couple the machine 1100 to a network 1120 or devices 1122 via respective coupling or connections. For example, the communication components 1136 may include a network interface Component or another suitable device to interface with the network 1120. In further examples, the communication components 1136 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 1122 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).
Moreover, the communication components 1136 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 1136 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 1136, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.
The various memories (e.g., main memory 1112, static memory 1114, or memory of the processors 1102) or storage unit 1116 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 1108), when executed by processors 1102, cause various operations to implement the disclosed embodiments.
The instructions 1108 may be transmitted or received over the network 1120, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface Component included in the communication components 1136) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 1108 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via a coupling (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 1122.
The operating system 1212 manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system 1212 includes, for example, a kernel 1214, services 1216, and drivers 1222. The kernel 1214 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 1214 provides memory management, Processor management (e.g., scheduling), Component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionality. The services 1216 can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 1222 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 1222 can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.
The libraries 1210 provide a low-level common infrastructure used by the applications 1206. The libraries 1210 can include system libraries 1218 (e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 1210 can include API libraries 1224 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1210 can also include a wide variety of other libraries 1228 to provide many other APIs to the applications 1206.
The frameworks 1208 provide a high-level common infrastructure that is used by the applications 1206. For example, the frameworks 1208 provide various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, and high-level location services. The frameworks 1208 can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by the applications 1206, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform.
In an example embodiment, the applications 1206 may include a home application 1236, a contacts application 1230, a browser application 1232, a book reader application 1234, a location application 1242, a media application 1244, a messaging application 1246, a game application 1248, and a broad assortment of other applications such as a third-party application 1240. The e applications 1206 are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications 1206, structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the third-party application 1240 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the third-party application 1240 can invoke the API calls 1250 provided by the operating system 1212 to facilitate functionality described herein.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/834,438, filed Mar. 30, 2020, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20230196646 A1 | Jun 2023 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 16834438 | Mar 2020 | US |
Child | 18172187 | US |