The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and process for preparing such compositions comprising of at least one gastric acid suppressing agent and one or more prokinetic agent(s) exhibiting a unique bimodal release profile, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Preferably, the present invention describes pharmaceutical compositions of a proton pump inhibitor and one or more prokinetic agent(s). More preferably, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical composition of pantoprazole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, or derivatives; and domperidone or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, or derivatives. These compositions are especially useful in the treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease. Furthermore, the present invention refers to a method for the manufacture of such preparations in a way such that there is increased dissolution of the prokinetic agent at alkaline pH.
Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer and other gastric acid related disorders are disorders having a pathogenesis related to reduced gastric motility and release of excessive gastric acid. Aside from behavioral changes, GERD and gastric ulcer have been successfully treated with a range of gastric acid inhibitors, such as ranitidine and omeprazole, which are acid-suppressing agents. Stimulation of gastric motility has been proposed to accelerate the healing of gastric ulcer. Prokinetic agents, such as domperidone, are known to enhance gastrointestinal motility and prevent duodenogastric reflux, and are widely used to treat GERD. Proton pump inhibitors and prokinetic agents have been used in combination to treat gastric ulcer and other related disorders.
Proton pump inhibitors, such as Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole are rapidly taking share from H2 receptor antagonists, particularly in reflux esophagitis. Omeprazole is known to offer significant gain over H2 receptor antagonists in terms of symptom resolution, healing and prevention of relapse for reflux esophagitis.
A combination therapy of a prokinetic agent and a gastric acid lowering compound is rational and has shown more effectiveness than mono-therapy of proton pump inhibitors. Administration of cisapride and ranitidine was shown to further lower the exposure of the oesophagus to acid(s) (Inauen W et al. Gut 1993; 34: 1025-1031). Such a therapy was also shown to improve healing rates (de Boer W A et al. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994; 8: 147-157).
Maintenance therapy is often necessary to prevent recurrent symptoms and esophagitis. A combination therapy combining an acid-suppressing agent with a prokinetic agent has been recently described. [Vyneri et al; N. Engl. J. Med 1995; 333: 1106-1110].
U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,771 discloses a combination therapy of proton pump inhibitor and a prokinetic agent wherein, the prokinetic agent may be in the form of instant release, sustained release or extended release formulations. However, prokinetic agents such as domperidone require optimum binding to receptors. Hence, improved therapeutic efficacy may be achieved by administering the drug in timed release form with an initial loading dose and a delayed release dose provided with a lag time.
The WO Publication No. 95/01803 describes a pharmaceutical composition of famotidine, cisapride and optionally simethicone in the treatment of gastrointestinal distress.
The WO Publication No. 200471374A2 describes pharmaceutical compositions for once a day oral administration, comprising at least one delayed release component, wherein said delayed release component comprises a proton pump inhibitor, said composition further including at least one immediate release and/or a sustained release prokinetic agent. The said application discloses use of polymers to formulate sustained release compositions of the prokinetic agent. However, such compositions suffer from a major disadvantage in terms of absorption of the prokinetic agent which are primarily absorbed from the intestine and hence a delayed release composition is highly desirable.
Nagarsenker, M. S.; Garad, S. D.; Ramprakash, G., [Journal of Controlled Release (2000), 63(1-2), 31-39] describe coevaporates of domperidone prepared using different polymers by solvent evaporation technique. The drug release rate was dependent on the concentration of polymers in the coevaporates. Dissolution of drug in a pH 6.8 buffer improved with increasing concentration of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate in coevaporates.
However, there still exists a need to develop pharmaceutical compositions comprising a combination of a gastric acid suppressing agent preferably a proton pump inhibitor and a prokinetic agent wherein the prokinetic agent is present in an immediate release form and a delayed release form useful for the treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, and other gastric acid related disorders. The delayed release form of the prokinetic agent is highly essential since most of the prokinetic agents show a better absorption generally from the intestinal region of the GIT, which is an objective of the present invention.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide an oral pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one gastric acid suppressing agent and one or more prokinetic agent, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, characterized in that the gastric acid suppressing agent is present in a delayed release form and the prokinetic agent is present in a bimodal release form such as an immediate release form to provide an initial loading dose, and a delayed release form to provide a dose with a lag time; with the proviso that the prokinetic agent is not formulated using a rate controlling polymer and is not present in a sustained release form.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a proton pump inhibitor, preferably pantoprazole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, derivatives or prodrugs, and domperidone or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, or derivatives thereof.
It is also an objective of the present invention to provide a process for preparing a composition comprising at least one gastric acid suppressing agent and one or more prokinetic agent, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, characterized in that the gastric acid suppressing agent is present in a delayed release form and the prokinetic agent is present in a bimodal release form such as an immediate release form to provide an initial loading dose, and a delayed release form to provide a dose with a lag time; with the proviso that the prokinetic agent is not formulated using a rate controlling polymer and is not present in a sustained release form, which comprises of the following steps:
i) processing the acid suppressing agent with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients,
ii) processing the prokinetic agent with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients,
iii) formulating the material of step i) and ii) into a suitable dosage form.
It is yet another objective to provide a method of treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, and other gastric acid related disorders by administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
A combination therapy comprising a gastric acid suppressing agent and a prokinetic agent is attractive, rational and effective. A combination of gastric acid suppressing agent and prokinetic agent could be an alternative to each of them separately in case of failure. However, because of the large number of therapeutical tablets/pills that must be taken each day in such a therapy, the compliance of such a treatment may be a problem. It is well known that patient compliance is a major factor in receiving good results in medical treatments. Administration of two, three or even more different tablets to the patient is not convenient or satisfactory to achieve the most optimal results. The present invention now provides new oral dosage forms comprising two or more different active substances combined in one fixed unit dosage form, preferably tablets in a capsule.
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising of at least one gastric acid suppressing agent and one or more prokinetic agent(s) optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Preferably, the present invention describes pharmaceutical compositions of a proton pump inhibitor and one or more prokinetic agent(s). More preferably, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical composition of pantoprazole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, derivatives or prodrugs; and domperidone or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, derivatives or prodrugs.
One aspect of the present invention relates to oral pharmaceutical compositions of gastric motility modifying agents and their combination therapies wherein the gastric motility modifying agent has a unique bimodal release profile. The prokinetic agent is present in a bimodal release form such as an immediate release form to provide an initial loading dose, and a delayed release form to provide a dose with a lag time; with the proviso that the prokinetic agent is not formulated using a rate controlling polymer and is not present in a sustained release form. These preparations are especially useful in the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease.
The proton pump inhibitor of the present invention is selected from but not limited to a group comprising pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole, and the like, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, derivatives or prodrugs, used either alone or in combination thereof.
The prokinetic agent of the present invention is selected from but not limited to a group comprising domperidone, metoclopramide, itopride, mosapride, cisapride, renzapride, zacopride, octreotide, naloxone; erythromycin and bethanechol, Motilides such as Motilin, and the like, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, derivatives or prodrugs, used either alone or in combination thereof. Preferably the prokinetic agent is domperidone, or metoclopramide, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, hydrates, or derivatives thereof.
The other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients of the present invention are selected from but not limited to the group comprising of diluents, binders, disintegrants, colorants, lubricants, plasticizers, coating agents, opacifiers, antioxidants, and the like used either alone or in combination thereof.
Suitable diluents according to the present invention are selected from but not limited to a group comprising microcrystalline cellulose such as Avicel® PH 101, Avicel® PH 102, Avicel® PH 112, Avicel® PH 200, Avicel® PH 301 and Avicel® PH 302, lactose such as lactose monohydrate, lactose anhydrous and Pharmatose® DCL 21, dibasic calcium phosphate, saccharides such as mannitol, Pearlitol® SD 200, starch, sorbitol, sucrose, and glucose; alkaline agents such as magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereof.
Suitable disintegrants according to the present invention are selected from but not limited to a group comprising crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, corn starch, potato starch, maize starch and modified starches, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycollate, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, or mixtures thereof.
Suitable lubricants according to the present invention are selected from but not limited to colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, and sodium stearyl fumarate, or mixtures thereof.
Suitable coating materials according to the present invention are selected from but not limited to Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, Eudragit L-100, Eudragit L-100 55, Opadry® yellow 03B52544 (Colorcon), Opadry® white OY-IN-58901 (Colorcon), Opadry® pink 03B54579 (Colorcon), Triethyl citrate, Propylene glycol, Colloidal silicon dioxide, Talc, Isopropyl alcohol, Dichloromethane, Purified water, and the like.
During developmental studies of the present invention, it was surprisingly found that when domperidone was co-processed with an organic acid it exhibited an improved dissolution even at alkaline pH conditions encountered in the gastro-intestinal tract.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, domperidone is co-processed with an organic acid in the ratio of from about 1:0.25 to about 0.25:1, preferably from about 1:0.5 to about 0.5:1, most preferably about 1:1. The co-processing may be aided by dissolving the two ingredients with the help of heat followed by cooling, when the dissolved material separates out. The material separated out may be removed and dried. The co-processed material may be incorporated into dosage forms such as tablets, which may further be combined with enteric coated tablets of proton pump inhibitor and an immediate release tablet of domperidone, in a hard gelatin capsule.
In yet another embodiment, the composition comprises the prokinetic agent as 5 to 70% by weight of total prokinetic agent in immediate release form and the remaining prokinetic agent in delayed release form.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the prokinetic agent present in immediate release form and delayed release form comprises a permeation enhancer, preferably Vitamin E tocopheryl propylene glycol succinate.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention is in the form of a multiparticulate composition comprising a blend of one or more types of particles, pellets or mini-tablets having different release characteristics, optionally filled into a capsule; or a tablet, or formulated as a liquid dosage form.
The present invention provides oral dosage forms, such as multiple unit tableted dosage form, or a capsule filled with more than one pharmaceutically active compound. The active compounds present in the dosage form are preferably an acid susceptible proton pump inhibitor, which is protected by an enteric coating layer, and one or more prokinetic agents. The prokinetic agent is preferably incorporated as a better dissolving complex with bimodal release. These new compositions intend to simplify the regimen and improve the patient compliance.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition is in the form of tablets filled into hard gelatin capsule, or in the form of multilayer tablets.
In another embodiment, a process for preparing a composition is provided comprising at least one gastric acid suppressing agent and one or more prokinetic agent, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, characterized in that the gastric acid suppressing agent is present in a delayed release form and the prokinetic agent is present in a bimodal release form such as an immediate release form to provide an initial loading dose, and a delayed release form to provide a dose with a lag time; with the proviso that the prokinetic agent is not present in a sustained release form, which comprises of the following steps:
i) processing the acid suppressing agent with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients into enteric coated tablets,
ii) processing the prokinetic agent with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients partly into film coated tablets and partly into enteric coated tablets,
iii) filling one enteric coated tablet comprising an acid suppressing agent, and one film coated tablet and one enteric coated tablet comprising a prokinetic agent, into a hard gelatin capsule.
In a further embodiment, the process for preparing a composition is provided comprising at least one gastric acid suppressing agent and one or more prokinetic agent, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, characterized in that the gastric acid suppressing agent is present in a delayed release form and the prokinetic agent is present in a bimodal release form such as an immediate release form to provide an initial loading dose, and a delayed release form to provide a dose with a lag time; with the proviso that the prokinetic agent is not present in a sustained release form, which comprises of the following steps:
i) processing the acid suppressing agent with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients into enteric coated granules,
ii) processing one part of the prokinetic agent with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients into immediate release granules, and the other part into enteric coated granules,
iii) compressing the granules of step i) and ii) into a multilayer tablet,
iv) optionally coating the tablet.
The examples given below serve to illustrate embodiments of the present invention. However, they do not intend to limit the scope of the present invention.
Procedure:
Pantoprazole Tablets
Domperidone Tablets
The Dissolution of the capsule formulated above is carried out using USP Dissolution apparatus Type-2 (paddle) at 100 RPM as follows:
Acid stage: Dissolution medium: 0.1M HCL, 750 ml; Time: 2 hours
Buffer stage: Dissolution medium: Phosphate buffer 6.8 USP, 1000 ml; Time: 1 hour
The dissolution profile of Pantoprazole and Domperidone is given below in tables 1 and 2; and is shown in
Procedure:
Pantoprazole Tablets
Metoclopramide Tablets
Procedure:
Rabeprazole Tablets
Itopride Tablets
Procedure:
Omeprazole Tablets
Domperidone Tablets
Fill one Pantoprazole tablet, one enteric coated Domperidone tablet and one film coated Domperidone tablet into each hard gelatin capsule.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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21/DEL/2004 | Jan 2004 | IN | national |
25/DEL/2004 | Jan 2004 | IN | national |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/IN05/00002 | Jan 2005 | US |
Child | 11482186 | Jul 2006 | US |