Patent Application
20240101514
This application claims priority to GB Application No. 2212116.4, filed on Aug. 19, 2022, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
This invention relates to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. In particular, though not exclusively, the invention relates to compositions/formulations and uses of the same as a medicament.
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a pharmacologically active compound of the tryptamine class and has the chemical formula:
5-MeO-DMT is a psychoactive/psychedelic substance found in nature and is believed to act mainly through serotonin receptors. It is also believed to have a high affinity for the 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A subtypes, and/or inhibits monoamine reuptake.
However, 5-MeO-DMT is not well understood and uses of this compound have not been well explored. Further, 5-MeO-DMT is not easy to handle, and there are challenges in formulating it for effective delivery in pharmaceutically useful compositions/formulations.
There remains a need in the art for improved compositions/formulations and uses of 5-MeO-DMT.
Herein disclosed is a non-hygroscopic salt of 5-MeO-DMT.
In an embodiment, the non-hygroscopic salt is 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 14.6, 16.8, 20.8, 24.3, 24.9 and 27.5°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 14.6, 21.6 and 24.3°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 18.6, 19.7 and 24.8°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 14.6, 20.8, 21.6, 24.3 and 25.4°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT phosphate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 12.9, 20.4 and 23.1°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT phosphate.
In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT phosphate In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT fumarate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT fumarate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 13.0, 16.3 and 22.1°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT fumarate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT fumarate.
In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT fumarate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT oxalate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT oxalate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 13.0, 19.9 and 26.0°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT oxalate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT oxalate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT oxalate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT tartrate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT tartrate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 18.3, 18.6, and 20.7°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT tartrate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT tartrate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT tartrate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 9.5, 21.2, and 23.6°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT tosylate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT tosylate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 19.3, 23.6 and 24.1°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT tosylate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT tosylate.
In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT tosylate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT glycolate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT glycolate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 20.2, 21.1 and 23.4°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT glycolate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT glycolate.
In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT glycolate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 14.4, 18.2 and 20.9°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT malate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT malate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 18.3, 18.7 and 18.9°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT malate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT malate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT malate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram at 8.7, 15.2 and 20.9°2θ±0.1°2θ as measured by x-ray powder diffraction using an x-ray wavelength of 1.5406 Å.
In an embodiment, there is provided a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate, characterised by peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
In an embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate. In an embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is for use as a medicament.
Herein disclosed, there is provided a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT).
In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable hydrobromide salt of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT).
The invention provides for improved formulations and uses of 5-MeO-DMT salts.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 0.05 mg to 100 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 0.1 mg to 50 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 0.5 mg to 25 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 0.5 mg to 10 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 1 mg to 10 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 1 mg to 8 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 3 mg to 15 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 0.005 mg to 100 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 0.001 mg to 100 mg.
In an embodiment the composition comprises a dosage amount of 5-MeO-DMT in the range of 0.0005 mg to 100 mg.
The level of the active agent can be adjusted as required by need for example to suit a certain patient group (e.g. the elderly) or the conditions being treated.
In an embodiment the composition is formulated in a dosage form selected from: oral, transdermal, inhalable, intravenous, subcutaneous or rectal dosage form.
It is advantageous to be able to deliver the active agent in different forms, for example to suit a certain patient group (e.g. the elderly) or the conditions being treated.
In an embodiment the composition is formulated in a dosage form selected from: tablet, capsule, granules, powder, free-flowing powder, inhalable powder, aerosol, nebulised, vaping, buccal, sublingual, sublabial, injectable, or suppository dosage form.
In an embodiment the powder is suitable for administration by inhalation via a medicament dispenser selected from a reservoir dry powder inhaler, a unit-dose dry powder inhaler, a pre-metered multi-dose dry powder inhaler, a nasal inhaler or a pressurized metered dose inhaler.
In an embodiment the powder comprises particles, the particles having a median diameter of less than 2000 μm, 1000 μm, 500 μm, 250 μm, 100 μm, 50 μm, or 1 μm.
In an embodiment the powder comprises particles, the particles having a median diameter of greater than 500 μm, 250 μm, 100 μm, 50 μm, 1 μm or 0.5 μm.
In an embodiment the powder comprises particles, and wherein the powder has a particle size distribution of d10=20-60 μm, and/or d50=80-120 μm, and/or d90=130-300 μm.
The nature of the powder can be adjusted to suit need. For example, if being made for nasal inhalation, then the particles may be adjusted to be much finer than if the powder is going to be formulated into a gelatine capsule, or differently again if it is going to be compacted into a tablet.
In an embodiment the 5-MeO-DMT salt is amorphous or crystalline. In an embodiment, the 5-MeO-DMT salt is in a polymorphic crystalline form.
For the salt, the dosage amount is the equivalent amount of the free base delivered when the salt is taken. So 100 mg dosage amount of 5MeODMT corresponds to 117 mg of the hydrochloride salt (i.e. both providing the same molar amount of the active substance). The greater mass of the salt needed is due to the larger formula weight of the hydrogen chloride salt (i.e. 218.3 g/mol for the free base as compared to 254.8 g/mol for the salt). Similarly, for the deuterated or triturated version of 5MeODMT (also considered within the scope of the invention), a slight increase in mass can be expected due to the increased formula weight of these isotopic compounds.
Amorphous and crystalline substances often show different chemical/physical properties, e.g. improved rate of dissolution in a solvent, or improved thermal stability. Similarly, different polymorphs may also show different and useful chemical/physical properties.
In an embodiment the composition comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
In an embodiment the composition comprises one or more of: mucoadhesive enhancer, penetrating enhancer, cationic polymers, cyclodextrins, Tight Junction Modulators, enzyme inhibitors, surfactants, chelators, and polysaccharides.
In an embodiment the composition comprises one or more of: chitosan, chitosan derivatives (such as N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), n-propyl-(QuatPropyl), n-butyl-(QuatButyl) and n-hexyl (QuatHexyl)-N,N-dimethyl chitosan, chitosan chloride), β-cyclodextrin, Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, zonula occludens toxin (ZOT), human neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ER143), sodium taurocholate, sodium deoxycholate sodium, sodium lauryl sulphate, glycodeoxycholat, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleyl acid, oleyl alchohol, capric acid sodium salt, DHA, EPA, dipalmitoyl phophatidyl choline, soybean lecithin, lysophosphatidylcholine, dodecyl maltoside, tetradecyl maltoside, EDTA, lactose, cellulose, and citric acid.
In an embodiment the composition disclosed herein is for use as a medicament. In an embodiment the composition disclosed herein is for use in a method of treatment of a human or animal subject by therapy.
In an embodiment the method of treatment is a method of treatment of:
Treatment of the above conditions may be beneficially improved by taking the invention.
In an embodiment, the method of treatment is a method of treatment of alcohol-related diseases and disorders, eating disorders, impulse control disorders, nicotine-related disorders, tobacco-related disorders, methamphetamine-related disorders, amphetamine-related disorders, cannabis-related disorders, cocaine-related disorders, hallucinogen use disorders, inhalant-related disorders, benzodiazepine abuse or dependence related disorders, and/or opioid-related disorders.
In an embodiment, the method of treatment is a method of treatment of tobacco addiction. In an embodiment, the method is a method of reducing tobacco use. In an embodiment, the method of treatment is a method of treatment of nicotine addiction. In an embodiment, the method is a method of reducing nicotine use.
In an embodiment, the method of treatment is a method of treating alcohol abuse and/or addiction. In an embodiment, the method of treatment is a method of reducing alcohol use.
In an embodiment, the method of treatment is a method of treating or preventing heavy drug use.
In an embodiment, the method of treatment is a method of treating or preventing heavy drug use, including, but not limited to, alcohol, tobacco, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, other stimulants, phencyclidine, other hallucinogens, marijuana, sedatives, tranquilizers, hypnotics, and opiates. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that heavy use or abuse of a substance does not necessarily mean the subject is dependent on the substance.
In an embodiment the method of treatment is a method of treatment of more than one of the above conditions, for example, the method of treatment may be a method of treatment of depression and anxiety.
In an embodiment the composition is administered one or more times a year.
In an embodiment the composition is administered one or more times a month.
In an embodiment the composition is administered one or more times a week.
In an embodiment the composition is administered one or more times a day.
In an embodiment the composition is administered at such a frequency as to avoid tachyphylaxis.
In an embodiment the composition is administered together with a complementary treatment and/or with a further active agent.
In an embodiment the further active agent is a psychedelic compound, optionally a tryptamine.
In an embodiment the further active agent is lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, psilocin or a prodrug thereof.
In an embodiment the further active agent is an antidepressant compound.
In an embodiment the further active agent is selected from an SSRI, SNRI, TCA or other antidepressant compounds.
In an embodiment the further active agent is selected from Citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil), Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex), Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Faverin), Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat), Sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral), Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Levomilnacipran (Fetzima), Milnacipran (Ixel, Savella), Venlafaxine (Effexor), Vilazodone (Viibryd), Vortioxetine (Trintellix), Nefazodone (Dutonin, Nefadar, Serzone), Trazodone (Desyrel), Reboxetine (Edronax), Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone), Viloxazine (Vivalan), Bupropion (Wellbutrin), Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep), Amitriptylinoxide (Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin), Clomipramine (Anafranil), Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane), Dibenzepin (Noveril, Victoril), Dimetacrine (Istonil), Dosulepin (Prothiaden), Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan), Imipramine (Tofranil), Lofepramine (Lomont, Gamanil), Melitracen (Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun), Nitroxazepine (Sintamil), Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl), Noxiptiline (Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal), Opipramol (Insidon), Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen), Protriptyline (Vivactil), Trimipramine (Surmontil), Amoxapine (Asendin), Maprotiline (Ludiomil), Mianserin (Tolvon), Mirtazapine (Remeron), Setiptiline (Tecipul), Isocarboxazid (Marplan), Phenelzine (Nardil), Tranylcypromine (Parnate), Selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar, Emsam), Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil), Metralindole (Inkazan), Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix), Pirlindole (Pirazidol), Toloxatone (Humoryl), Agomelatine (Valdoxan), Esketamine (Spravato), Ketamine (Ketalar), Tandospirone (Sediel), Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil), Amisulpride (Solian), Aripiprazole (Abilify), Brexpiprazole (Rexulti), Lurasidone (Latuda), Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Risperidone (Risperdal), Trifluoperazine (Stelazine), Buspirone (Buspar), Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid), Modafinil (Provigil), Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3).
In an embodiment the further active agent is selected from Celexa (citalopram), Cymbalta (duloxetine), Effexor (venlafaxine), Lexapro (escitalopram), Luvox (fluvoxamine), Paxil (paroxetine), Prozac (fluoxetine), Remeron (mirtazapine), Savella (milnacipran), Trintellix (vortioxetine), Vestra (reboxetine), Viibryd (vilazodone), Wellbutrin (bupropion), Zoloft (sertraline).
In an embodiment the complementary treatment is psychotherapy.
In an embodiment, there is provided a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 5MeODMT for use in a method of treatment of treatment resistant depression.
In an embodiment, there is provided a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 5MeODMT for use in a method of treatment of depression.
In an embodiment, there is provided a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 5MeODMT for use in a method of treatment of PTSD.
In an embodiment, there is provided a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 5MeODMT for use in a method of treatment of addiction/substance misuse disorders.
In an embodiment, there is provided a nasal inhalation composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of 5MeODMT for use in a method of treatment of treatment resistant depression.
Treatment of the above conditions may be beneficially improved by taking the invention together with some complementary treatments; also these treatments may occur much less regularly than some other treatments that require daily treatments or even multiple treatments a day.
For the avoidance of doubt, the person skilled in the art will appreciate that numerical values relating to measurements are subject to instrument setup and measurement errors which can result in small discrepancies in the measurement values obtained. As such, it will be readily understood that where herein, for example, an XRPD peak is given a value of XX.Y°2θ, included with the scope of the disclosure of this application are values XX.Y°2θ±0.1°2θ, XX.Y°2θ±0.2°2θ, XX.Y°2θ±0.3°2θ, XX.Y°2θ±0.4°2θ and XX.Y°2θ±0.5°2θ. The skilled person will doubtless understand that the same applies for numerical values given for temperatures and enthalpies (joules). Again, solely as an example, a temperature value of XX.Y° C. (or XX° C.) will be understood to encompass values of XX.Y° C.±0.1° C., XX.Y° C.±0.2° C., XX.Y° C.±0.3° C., XX.Y° C.±0.4° C. and XX.Y° C.±0.5° C.
Similarly, it should be understood that values measured herein may be rounded down and that these rounded values are within the scope of the original disclosure. For example, values measured at 2 decimal places herein may be expressed at 1 decimal place (with the appropriate rounding) and so are still within the original disclosure.
Terms such as “a”, “an,” and “the” are not intended to refer to only a singular entity but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration.
As used herein, the terms “about” and/or “around” refer to a value that is within 10% above or below the value being described.
The different polymorphic forms of the various salts described herein have been labelled sequentially as Pattern 1, Pattern 2 etc., principally numbering these patterns in the order in which they appear in the application. For the sake of completeness, we add that no inference should be taken from the ordering of the polymorphs using this numbering system.
The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
An object of the present invention is to provide 5-MeO-DMT salts. Moreover, another object of the present invention is to provide 5-MeO-DMT salts which neither easily convert into hydrates, even when a pharmaceutical composition comprising a 5-MeO-DMT salt is stored for a long period of time. Hygroscopicity is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either adsorption or absorption from the surrounding environment. Pharmaceuticals that pick up less than 0.2% moisture at 80% RH are considered non hygroscopic. Pharmaceuticals that pick up between 0.2% and 2.0% moisture at 80% RH are considered slightly hygroscopic. Pharmaceuticals that pick up between 2.0% and 15.0% moisture at 80% RH are considered moderately hygroscopic. Pharmaceuticals that pick up more than 15.0% moisture at 80% RH are considered very hygroscopic. Hygroscopic substances are difficult to handle and costly and burdensome measures must be taken in order to ensure they are not exposed to moisture during process and formulation. Exposed to moisture, hygroscopic substances can take on water and convert to a hydrous form. This presents several disadvantages. First, the hydrous forms may have the disadvantage of being less bioavailable and less dissoluble than the anhydrous forms. Second, the variation in the amount of hydrous versus anhydrous substance from batch to batch could fail to meet specifications set by drug regulatory agencies. Third, processes like milling may cause the drug substance to adhere to manufacturing equipment which may further result in processing delay, increased operator involvement, increased cost, increased maintenance and lower production yield. Fourth, in addition to problems caused by introduction of moisture during the processing of these hygroscopic substances, the potential for absorbance of moisture during storage and handling would adversely affect the dissolubility of the drug substance. Thus shelf-life of the product could be significantly decreased and/or packaging costs could be significantly increased.
The inventors have surprising discovered that 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide is a non-hygroscopic salt of 5-MeO-DMT. The tartrate salt of 5-MeO-DMT is moderately hygroscopic, the tosylate salt and the phosphate salt are both slightly hygroscopic.
The inventors have further surprisingly discovered that 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, whilst being non-hygroscopic, has high solubility compared to other moderately hygroscopic salts of 5-MeO-DMT for example the benzoate or oxalate salts. The non-hygroscopic, highly soluble HBr salt of 5-MeO-DMT therefore affords the advantage of removing the need for costly and burdensome processing measures, for example the need for low humidity manufacturing environment. The high solubility of the HBr salt of 5-MeO-DMT also facilitates the use of simplified solid formulations without the need for costly solubility enhancement techniques.
The inventors have further surprisingly discovered multiple polymorphic forms of crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, including a form referred to as form/pattern 2 with desirable qualities. The XRPD for this crystalline form can be seen in
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) was supplied as a HCl salt. In order to preform salt screening experiments, the HCl salt was converted into free base. The crystalline nature of isolated free base was confirmed by XRPD and further analysed by TGA, DSC, 1H NMR analyses.
Salt screening studies with 24 selected counter-ions were performed to determine if 5-MeO-DMT free base is amenable to salt formation. On completion of this study, 11 crystalline salts were successfully generated and are displayed in Table 1. Salts were examined by XRPD, TGA, DSC, 1H NMR and some by DVS analyses. Short term physical stability was examined by storage of salts at 40° C./75% RH for three days.
Instruments
X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)
XRPD diffractograms were acquired using Bruker D2 Phaser diffractometer equipped with LYNXEYE detector. Samples were prepared using a zero-background sample holder. The samples were scanned from 5 to 32° (2θ) using a step size of 0.02° and a time per step of 0.13 second whilst spinning the sample. Diffractograms were plotted using the EVA program from Bruker.
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
TGA thermograms were obtained with a TA Instrument Discovery 550 in AI pans. The heating rate used was 10° C./min linear ramp from 25 to 400° C. with a nitrogen purging at a rate of 60 ml/min. TGA thermograms were analysed using TRIOS software.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
DSC analyses were performed on a TA Instrument DSC250 with a Tzero cell purged at constant flow rate of 50 ml min−1 with dry nitrogen and a refrigerated cooling system RCS90. The instrument was calibrated using Indium as a standard. A small quantity of the samples was weighed into TA Tzero Aluminium pan with pierced lid. Samples were heating at 10° C./min in heat-cool-reheat method. TRIOS software was used to analyse DSC scans.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
The 1H NMR spectra were measured on Bruker NEO spectrometer operating at 400.13 MHz for protons. Samples were dissolved in d6-DMSO. Data were processed using MestReNova x 64 software.
Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS)
DVS analyses were performed on TA Instrument DVS Q5000. Samples were added to a pre-tared metallised quartz crucible and run at 25° C. from 40% RH to 90% RH, down to zero and back to 40%. This cycle was repeated in increments of 10% RH.
Preparation and Initial characterisation of Free Base
5-MeO-DMT Hydrochloride salt (2×5 g) was used for preparation of free base.
Free base was isolated from NaHCO3— Ethyl acetate extraction (5.7 g, 67% yield).
5-MeO-DMT free base was characterised by XPRD, TGA, DSC and 1H NMR.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)
XRPD diffractogram in
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
TGA thermogram of free base in
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
The first heating ramp displayed a sharp endothermic event with Tonst at 66.4° C. and heat of fusion 96.4 J/g, which corresponds to melting of the free base as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The cooling ramp of 10° C./min from 205° C. to −90° C. displayed a vitrification at around −15.3° C. The 2nd heating ramp showed an endothermic shift in the baseline around −11.9° C. (Tg), followed by recrystallisation exotherm with the onset temperature of 36° C. The sharp endotherm with onset temperature of 65.4° C. corresponds to melting of pattern 1 as demonstrated in
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
The 1H NMR spectrum of free base in d6-DMSO shown in
Salt Screen Studies
Salt screens experiments were consisted of combining solutions of the API and 1.05 stoichiometric amounts of counter ions.
Selected counter ions for salt studies are tabulated in Table 3.
Free base (2.16 g) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (72 ml) at room temperature. Approximately 1 ml of this the stock solution was dispensed to 72 (2 ml) HPLC vials. This preparation was carried out twice for each set of 12 counter ions.
Set 1:
Free Base dioxane solutions were then frozen at −20° C. for 5 hours. After this time frozen samples were lyophilised for approximately 60 hours.
Set 2:
Free Base dioxane solutions were then frozen at −20° C. for 5 hours. After this time frozen samples were lyophilised for 12 hours.
To freeze dried samples approximately 0.5 ml of solvent was added. Solvents used in this study are tabulated in Table 4.
Acid stock solutions in 1.05 eq. ratio were added to free base samples. Solvents used for preparation of acid stock solutions are summarised in Table 5. Due to poor solubility of L-Glutamic acid in examined solvents, L-Glutamic acid was added as a solid in 1.05 eq. to free base samples.′
No formation of solid phases was observed after mixing acids with API solutions.
Thermal cycling experiment was performed on samples between ambient and 40° C. Temperature was held for 4 hours at each condition. Thermal cycling—Set-1 for 20 hours. Thermal cycling—Set-2 for 24 hours.
Where solids were observed after thermal cycling, these were isolated by centrifuge filtration using Nylon 0.2 micrometre centrifuge filter tubes and analysed by XRPD.
Any new crystalline forms were also analysed by TGA, DSC, 1H NMR and DVS analyses.
Remaining solutions were first cooled to 4° C. for 2 hours to promote precipitation. As no precipitation occurred solutions were allowed to evaporate under ambient conditions.
The outcome of experiments is summarised in Table 6 and Table 7, respectively.
Phosphate Salt
The Phosphate salt showed the same crystalline XRPD pattern for all three solids isolated from different solvents as displayed in
The TGA thermogram of Phosphate salt presented in
The 1st heating DSC thermogram in
The 1H NMR spectrum of Phosphate salt in d6-DMSO solvent is shown in
The 31P NMR spectrum of Phosphate salt in d6-DMSO shows a singlet peak at around 0 ppm, confirming the presence of phosphoric acid as displayed in
DVS analysis was performed using a small sample mass due to material constraints. The sample shows no evidence of form change and only shows evidence of the material drying out. It would be wise to repeat this experiment if more material becomes available.
The DVS kinetic plot of Phosphate salt DXD220-004-35 is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT phosphate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT phosphate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, as characterised by one or more of:
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, as characterised by an XRPD pattern as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
Fumarate Salt
The XRPD results shown in
The TGA thermogram of Fumarate salt presented in
The 1st heating DSC data showed two small endothermic events around 93.7° C. and 134.0° C. respectively, corresponding to solid-state transformations. The sharp endotherm with Tonst around 176.5° C. and heat of fusion 92.3 J/g corresponds to melting, followed by the thermal degradation of the Fumarate salt as demonstrated in
The 10° C./min cooling ramp from 215° C. to −90° C. displayed a vitrification around 45.1° C. and the 2nd heating cycle exhibited a glass transition around 51.1° C. as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The 1H NMR spectrum of Fumarate salt in d6-DMSO shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT fumarate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT fumarate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT fumarate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT fumarate, as characterised by one or more of:
Oxalate Salt
XRPD diffractograms of Oxalate salt displayed the same crystalline solid form for all samples as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
TGA analysis of the Oxalate salt shows 0.6% weight loss between 25-180° C. (˜0.02 moles EtOAc) followed by a single step thermal degradation as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
Proton chemical shift changes in NMR (d6-DMSO) spectrum indicate Oxalate salt formation. Traces of EtOAc were also detected in the spectrum as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
13C NMR spectrum of Oxalate salt in d6-DMSO presented in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT oxalate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT oxalate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT oxalate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT oxalate, as characterised by one or more of:
Adipate Salt
XRPD diffractogram of isolated solid from ethyl acetate displayed a crystalline pattern which does not correspond to free base pattern 1 or adipic acid as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The TGA thermograph displayed in
The 1st heating DSC thermogram shown in
As shown in, or substantially as shown in,
1H NMR spectrum (d6-DMSO) of DXD2203-007-44 solid displayed in
However, it is interesting to note the significant difference in glass transitions. As mentioned previously, free base pattern 1 displayed Tg around −11.9° C. during the second heating cycle, whereas free base pattern 2 showed Tg around 7.4° C.
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT adipate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT adipate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT adipate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT adipate, as characterised by one or more of:
Solvent—Anti-Solvent Experiments
Amorphous salts produced by a slow evaporation to dryness at RT (DXD2203-004 and DXD2203-007) were used for solvent/anti-solvent experiments.
Approximately 1 ml of solvent was added to amorphous salt and samples were placed to 40° C. chamber for one hour. After this time clear solutions were allowed to cool down to room temperature and antisolvent (approximately 2 ml) was added dropwise. Solvent/anti-solvent systems used are tabulated in Table 12.
In some cases, precipitates were formed during cooling solutions to the room temperature. Saccharinate amorphous salt did not dissolve after one hour at 40° C. and the IPA solvent was allowed to evaporate.
Produced solids were isolated by centrifuge filtration using Nylon 0.2 micrometre centrifuge filter tubes and analysed by XRPD.
Any new crystalline forms were also analysed by TGA, DSC, 1H NMR and DVS analyses.
Tartrate Salt
XRPD diffractograms of Tartrate salt showed that same crystalline solid form was isolated from all solvent systems as demonstrated in
The TGA thermogram of Tartrate salt showed 1% of weight loss between 25-170° C. (˜0.05 moles THF) and good thermal stability up to around 170° C. as displayed in
The 1st heating cycle DSC thermogram of Tartrate salt displayed a single endothermic event with onset temperature around 138.9° C. and heat of fusion 97.0 J/g as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The cooling ramp from 200° C. to −90° C. at 10° C./min showed a vitrification at around 49.0° C. and the 2nd heating cycle displayed a glass transition of 54.2° C. as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT tartrate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT tartrate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT tartrate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT tartrate, as characterised by one or more of:
An XRPD pattern as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
One or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, sixteen or more, seventeen or more, eighteen or more, nineteen or more, twenty or more, twenty one or more, twenty two or more, twenty three or more, twenty four or more, twenty five or more, twenty six or more, twenty seven or more, twenty eight or more, twenty nine or more, thirty or more, thirty one or more, thirty two or more, or thirty three peaks in an XRPD diffractogram as detailed in Table 13, Table 13a or Table 13b;
Benzenesulfonate Salt
The XRPD pattern of Benzenesulfonate salt is shown in
The TGA thermogram of Benzenesulfonate salt is shown in
The DSC analysis of the Benzenesulfonate salt was performed. The 1st heating thermogram in
The cooling ramp and the 2nd heating DSC thermograms in
17.7° C. and glass transition around 23.3° C., respectively.
1H NMR spectrum of Benzenesulfonate salt in d6-DMSO shown in
The
The DVS kinetic plot of Benzenesulfonate salt is presented in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzenesulfonate, as characterised by one or more of:
Tosylate Salt
As shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The TGA thermogram of Tosylate salt displayed a weight loss of 1.0% between 25-230° C. (0.1 moles IPA) followed by the thermal degradation as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The 1st heating DSC thermogram of Tosylate salt presented in
As presented in
1H NMR spectrum in d6-DMSO of Tosylate salt presented in
Evaluation of the DVS results obtained for Tosylate salt shows that the material is slightly hygroscopic with a water uptake of approximately 1.9% w/w between 0% RH and 90% RH at 25° C. The material takes up moisture reversibly without hysteresis which indicates that sorption at higher humidity does not affect the internal structure of the Tartrate salt as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The DVS kinetic plot of Tosylate salt is displayed in
It can be seen from the XRPD diffractogram in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT tosylate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT tosylate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT tosylate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT tosylate, as characterised by one or more of:
Hydrobromide Salt
XRPD diffractograms of Hydrobromide salt displayed same crystalline patterns for all three solvent/anti-solvent systems used as demonstrated in
The TGA thermogram of Hydrobromide salt in
The DSC analysis of the Hydrobromide salt was performed and thermograms are presented in
The cooling ramp of 10° C./min from 220° C. to −90° C. displayed a vitrification at around 34.8° C. and the 2nd heating cycle a glass transition at around 42.2° C. as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
1H NMR spectrum of Hydrobromide salt in d6-DMSO is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrobromide, as characterised by one or more of:
Glycolate Salt
The XRPD diffractogram of the glycolate salt exhibited a crystalline form which has a different XRPD pattern when compared to the free base and glycolic acid as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The TGA thermogram of glycolate salt showed a weight loss of 1.4% between 25-155° C. (˜0.07 moles IPAC). The material is thermally stable up to around 155° C. as demonstrated in
The cooling ramp from 200° C. to −90° C. displayed a vitrification around 7.5° C. and the 2nd heating cycle showed a glass transition around 14.5° C. as presented in
1H NMR spectrum in d6-DMSO of glycolate salt shown in
The
As the glycolate salt underwent deliquescence during the DVS experiment, XRPD analyses were not carry out on post DVS sample.
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT glycolate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT glycolate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT glycolate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT glycolate, as characterised by one or more of:
Ketoglutarate Salt
Both samples isolated from different solvent/anti-solvent systems displayed the same XRPD crystalline pattern which is distinctively different when compared to free base and ketoglutaric acid confirming the salt formation as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The TGA thermogram of Ketoglutarate salt displayed a weight loss of 1.2% between 25-150° C., which corresponds to ˜0.1 moles EtOH and 0.05 moles MTBE. The Ketoglutaric salt is thermally stable up to 150° C. as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The DSC analysis of the ketoglutaric salt was performed and the results displayed in
During cooling from 150° C. to −90° C./10 min a vitrification around 21.9° C. was observed and the 2nd heating cycle displayed a glass transition of 28.5° C. as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The isotherm plot of Ketoglutarate salt is presented in
Due to deliquescence of the Ketoglutarate salt during DVS analyses, the post DVS sample was not analysed by XRPD.
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT ketoglutarate, as characterised by one or more of:
Malate Salt
XRPD diffractograms showed that same crystalline forms were produced from ethanol/MTBE and IPAC/MTBE solvent/anti-solvent systems, which does not correspond to free base and/or L-malic acid as demonstrated in
The TGA thermogram of Malate salt displayed a weight loss of 2.6% between ambient temperature and 170° C., due to loss of moisture from surface of particles. The material is thermally stable up to around 170° C. as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The DSC analysis of the Malate salt was performed. The 1st heating DSC thermogram of Malate salt exhibited a broad endothermic event with onset temperature of 80.9° C. and heat of fusion of 87.0 J/g, which corresponds to the melting of the salt as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The cooling ramp 10° C./min from 170 to −90° C. displayed vitrification around 15.1° C. and the 2nd heating cycle showed a glass transition around 22.0° C. as demonstrated in
1H NMR spectrum of Malate salt in d6-DMSO is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT malate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT malate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT malate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT malate, as characterised by one or more of:
Saccharinate Salt
As shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The TGA thermogram of Saccharinate salt presented in
The DSC thermogram of Saccharinate salt presented in
The cooling ramp at 10° C./min from 220° C. to −90° C. showed a vitrification around 27.1° C. and the 2nd heat cycle displayed a glass transition around 33.8° C. as demonstrated in
1H NMR spectrum in d6-DMSO for Saccharinate salt is displayed in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT saccharinate, as characterised by one or more of:
Physical Stability of Salts
Physical stability stress tests were conducted on generated crystalline salts at controlled temperature and relative humidity. The powder samples were stored at 40° C./75% RH for three days. After this time samples were analysed by XRPD to see whether the physical state of salts changed during the storage.
Phosphate Salt
As shown in, or substantially as shown in,
Fumarate Salt
XRPD of Fumarate salt after three days of storage at 40° C./75% RH showed the same XRPD crystalline pattern when compared to XRPD diffractogram of the input material. However, some additional peaks were also observed as indicated by arrows in
To understand what phase transformation might happened during the storage, observed additional peaks were compared with XRPD pattern of free base and fumaric acid. XRPD diffractogram showed that positions of additional peaks are not characteristic of the free base and/or fumaric acid as displayed in
Tartrate Salt
No change in the crystalline form was observed for Tartrate salt after three days of storage at 40° C./75% RH as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
Malate Salt
The crystalline Malate salt underwent conversion to a “gum” material after 3 days of storage at 40° C./75% RH, therefore XRPD analysis were not performed.
Tosylate Salt
Crystalline Tosylate salt after three days storage at 40° C./75% RH exhibited the identical XRPD pattern as the input material as demonstrated in
Saccharinate Salt
Saccharinate salt after the storage at 40° C./75% RH for three days displayed the same XRPD pattern as the input material (
Hydrobromide Salt
XRPD diffractogram of Hydrobromide salt after three days of storage at 40° C./75% RH remained the same. No change in crystalline form was observed as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
Fumarate Salt
5-MeO-DMT Free Base (12.43 g) was dissolved in acetone (60 ml). 1.05 eqv. of Fumaric acid (0.5M in 5% water:EtOH (v/v)) was added. No precipitation was observed upon addition. The volume was reduced by rotary evaporation to form a “Honey” like liquid. This was then thermally cycled between ambient and 40° C. overnight—the temperature was held for 4 hrs at each condition. No precipitation was observed. To this THF (100 ml) was added. The sample was stirred for 30 mins at RT. The formation of an off-white (light brown) solid was observed. This solid was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum at 80° C. for ˜20 hrs. A total of 12.64 g was produced (64.65% yield).
An XRPD diffractogram of the produced material versus that analysed in the screening can be seen in
Oxalate Salt
5-MeO-DMT Free Base (2×5 g) was dissolved in acetone (50 ml). 1.05 eqv. of Oxalic acid (1.0 M in water) was added. No precipitation observed upon addition. The volume was reduced by rotary evaporation to form an off-white solid. The solid was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum at 80° C. overnight. A total of 10.39 g was produced (73.48% yield).
An XRPD diffractogram of the produced material versus that analysed in the screening can be seen in
13C NMR of Oxalate salt produced during scale-up can be seen in
Hydrobromide Salt
5-MeO-DMT Free Base (17.18 g) was dissolved in MeOH (80 ml). 1.05 eqv. of HBr acid (1.0 M in MeOH) was added. No precipitation observed upon addition. Volume reduced by rotary evaporation. No precipitation. Methyl tert-butyl ether (50 ml) was added. Formation of off-white (light brown) solid during addition. Solid collected by filtration and dried under vacuum at 80° C. for ˜18 hrs. A total of 16.06 g was produced (68.20% yield).
An XRPD diffractogram of the produced material versus that analysed in the screening can be seen in
This was nominated as pattern 2 with XRPD peak data tabulated in Table 21, 21a and 21b. The XRPD can be seen in
No weight loss for this crystalline form of the salt due to moisture content was observed during TGA (Ramp 10° C./min to 400° C.) with 95% of weight remaining at 269° C., as shown in, or substantially as shown in,
The DSC thermogram of Hydrobromide salt presented in
The cooling ramp showed a vitrification around 42.7° C. and the 2nd heat cycle displayed a glass transition around 47.0° C. as demonstrated in
The DSC Thermograms of Hydrobromide salt produced during scale-up (top) versus that initially analysed during the salt screen (bottom) can be seen in
1H NMR spectrum for the Hydrobromide salt produced during scale-up is displayed in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT Hydrobromide. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT Hydrobromide. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT Hydrobromide, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT Hydrobromide, as characterised by one or more of:
HPLC
The HPLC method was as detailed in the Table below:
Oxalate Salt HPLC Purity, DVS, Stability at 40° C./75% RH (XRPD and HPLC), PSD/Morphology Assessment
Purity of Oxalate salt produced during scale-up:
DVS analysis of the Oxalate salt produced during scale-up was performed and the isotherm plot is shown in
Hydrobromide Salt HPLC Purity, DVS, Stability at 40° C./75% RH (XRPD and HPLC), PSD/Morphology Assessment
Purity of Hydrobromide salt produced during scale-up:
DVS analysis of the Hydrobromide salt produced during scale-up was performed and the isotherm plot is shown in
Fumarate Salt HPLC Purity, DVS, Stability at 40° C./75% RH (XRPD and HPLC), PSD/Morphology Assessment
Purity of Fumarate salt produced during scale-up:
DVS analysis of the Fumarate salt produced during scale-up was performed and the isotherm plot is shown in
The DVS kinetic plot of the salt is displayed in
XRPD analysis was performed post storage at 40° C./75% RH for 1 week and the material is a mixture of form/pattern 1 and form/pattern 2 as demonstrated in
The XRPD peak data for form/pattern 2 can be seen tabulated in Table 28, 28a and 28b.
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT fumarate form/pattern 2, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT fumarate form/pattern 2, as characterised by one or more of:
Salt Cracking
5-MeO-DMT HCl (J11635, HCl Pattern 1, 4.94 g) was dissolved in 10 volumes (50 mL) of water giving a clear brown solution. To this was added 1 equivalent of NaOH dropwise as a 4M aqueous solution (4.85 mL) giving a tan suspension which after stirring for 10 minutes formed a brown oil. The oil was extracted with 3×10 vol (50 mL) of 2-MeTHF. The organic phases were combined and washed with brine before being concentrated using a rotary evaporator giving a thick brown oil. The oil was dissolved in 10 vol (50 mL) of 2-MeTHF and concentrated again to a brown oil with a small amount of solid material was present. The sample was dried further in a vacuum oven at RT overnight giving a tan solid. Sample ID: DR-2186-43-01. (Yield=3.856 g).
DR-2186-43-01 (3.865 g) was suspended in 5 volumes (19.3 mL) of water in a round bottom flask and stirred overnight at room temperature. The suspension was filtered through a Buchner funnel using a Whatman grade 1 filter paper and vacuum. The cake was dried under suction for 30 minutes before being transferred to a vacuum oven at RT for 2 hours. Yield=4.233 g (81.1%).
1H-NMR
Phosphate Formation
In a 20 mL scintillation vial 5-MeO-DMT (1.00 g, Free Form Pattern 1, DR-2186-46-02) was dissolved in 5 volumes (5 mL) of IPA:water 9:1 at 50° C. on a Polar Bear heat/cool block with magnetic bottom stirring (500 RPM), giving a brown solution. 1.1 mol eq. (5.05 mL) of phosphoric acid was added at a 1M solution in THF dropwise over 2 minutes. Initially this gave a white precipitate, on further addition a light brown gummy solid formed on the base of the vial which became more solid over 5 minutes of stirring. The encrusted solid was agitated using a spatula and after a further 5 minutes a light tan suspension was obtained. The crystallisation was then cooled to 5° C. at 0.1° C./min and held there overnight.
An aliquot (ca.0.3 mL) of suspension was filtered using a cartridge and frit along with positive pressure. The solid was dried briefly under a stream of N2 before collecting an XRPD (DR-2186-45-01_A1) shown in
The bulk sample was isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel and 55 mm Whatman grade 1 filter paper. The vial and cake were washed with 1 mL of cold IPA:water 9:1. The material was dried under suction for 30 minute.
Phosphate Formation—Re-Crystallisation
DR-2186-45-01 (1.00 g, PHO Pattern 1+extra peaks) was weighed into a 20 mL scintillation vial and a stirrer bar and 5 volumes (5 mL) of MeOH added. On a Polar Bear heating block the suspension was heated to 50° C., 500 RPM. Sequential aliquots of hot MeOH were added to the sample according to the Table below, noting observations, looking for sample dissolution.
At 20 vols (20 mL) dissolution had still not been achieved so the suspension was transferred to a 50 mL Easymax vessel fitted with overhead stirring.
Dissolution was achieved at 25 volumes of MeOH at 60° C. giving a clear yellow/brown solution. This was cooled at 0.5° C./min to 5° C. At 50° C. seeding was attempted with ca. 5 mg of PHO Pattern 1 (DR-2186-34-10), however, no visual change in solution turbidity was noted. Turbidity was observed to be starting to increase at 34° C. The crystallisation was held at 5° C. for 1 hour and was a thick off white suspension. The solid was isolated by vacuum filtration through a Whatman grade 1 filter paper and Buchner funnel. The cake was dried under suction for 30 mins. (Yield=296 mg, 29.7%). There was some fouling/encrustation on the vessel which a sample of was collected separately (ID: DR-2186-48-01_crust). An XRPD analysis of the bulk sample, the encrusted material and the Phosphate pattern 1 reference can be seen in
A summary of the characteristics of the 5-MeO-DMT phosphate salt can be seen in the Table below:
1H-NMR
Assessment of Polymorphic Behaviour of 5-MeO-DMT Phosphate
DR-2186-45-01 (20 mg, PHO Pattern 1+Extra Peaks) was weighed into 10 HPLC vials. To this was added 10 volumes (200 μL) of solvent, a stirrer bar and the samples heated to 50° C. on a Polar Bear heat/cool block (400 RPM). After holding at 50° C. for 30 minutes and observation was made and the samples cooled to 5° C. where a further observation was made. All samples were than subjected to heat/cool cycles between 5 and 50° C. holding for 4 hours at each temperature for 24 hours.
The results of the XRPD analysis of the samples can be seen in
None of the samples completely dissolved during the experiment. PHO Pattern 1+Extra Peaks (which was the input material) was obtained from all solvents other than methanol which yielded pure PHO Pattern 1.
5-MeO-DMT Phosphate Pattern 1
5-MeO-DMT Phosphate Pattern 1 (XRPD analysis shown in
This higher stoichiometry maybe the driving force behind the formation of a mixture of forms in the initial salt formation step as only 1.1 equivalents of phosphoric acid were added. The solid crystallised as long thin colourless lath crystals with some of the larger ones reaching 200 μm in length and becoming more plate like.
The 1H-NMR spectrum is (
The sample is classed as slightly hygroscopic with a total reversible mass change of 0.3 wt. % between 0-90% RH. The DVS isotherm and DVS kinetic plot can be seen in
A polymorph assessment was carried out in 10 different solvents using PHO Pattern 1+extra peaks as the input material, maturating a slurry of the salt between 5° C. and 50° C. for 24 hours. The results of the XRPD analysis of the samples can be seen in
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT phosphate, as characterised by one or more of:
L-Tartrate Formation
In a 20 mL scintillation vial 5-MeO-DMT (1.00 g, Free Form Pattern 1, DR-2186-46-02) was dissolved in 5 volumes (5 mL) of IPA:water 9:1 at 50° C. on a Polar Bear heat/cool block with magnetic bottom stirring (500 RPM), giving a brown solution. 1.1 mol eq. (5.05 mL) of L-tartaric acid was added at a 1M solution in THF dropwise over 2 minutes. This formed a brown oil, which formed a thick light tan suspension after stirring at 50° C. for 5 minutes. The crystallisation was then cooled to 5° C. at 0.1° C./min and held there overnight.
An aliquot (ca.0.3 mL) of suspension was filtered using a cartridge and frit along with positive pressure. The solid was dried briefly under a stream of N2 before collecting an XRPD. This showed that TAR Pattern 1 had been formed. (XRPD analysis shown in
The bulk sample was isolated by vacuum filtration using a Buchner funnel and 55 mm Whatman grade 1 filter paper. The vial and cake were washed with 1 mL of cold IPA:water 9:1. The material was dried under suction for 15 minutes then transferred to a vacuum oven at RT for 4.5 hours. Yield=1.413 g (83.7%).
A summary of the characteristics of the 5-MeO-DMT tartrate salt can be seen in the Table below:
1H-NMR
DR-2186-46-01 (20 mg, TAR Pattern 1) was weighed into 10 HPLC vials. To this was added 10 volumes (200 μL) of solvent, a stirrer bar and the samples heated to 50° C. on a Polar Bear heat/cool block (400 RPM). After holding at 50° C. for 30 minutes and observation was made and the samples cooled to 5° C. where a further observation was made. All samples were than subjected to heat/cool cycles between 5 and 50° C. holding for 4 hours at each temperature for 24 hours.
The results of the XRPD analysis of the samples can be seen in
No dissolution was observed during the experiment and only TAR Pattern 1 was obtained after the 24 hours of maturation.
5-MeO-DMT Tartrate Pattern 1
5-MeO-DMT Tartrate Pattern 1 (
The TGA (
The sample is classed as slightly hygroscopic with a total reversible mass change of 0.6 wt. % between 0-90% RH (
A polymorph assessment was carried out in 10 different solvents, maturating a slurry of the salt between 5° C. and 50° C. for 24 hours.
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT tartrate, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT tartrate, as characterised by one or more of:
Instruments
X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)
XRPD diffractograms were acquired using Bruker D2 Phaser diffractometer. A copper x-ray source at 300 W was used in conjunction with a Lynxeye detector. Samples were prepared using a zero-background sample holder. The samples were scanned from 5 to 32° (2) using a step size of 0.02° and a time per step of 0.13 second whilst spinning the sample. Diffractograms were plotted using the EVA program from Bruker.
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
TGA thermograms were obtained with a TA Instrument Discovery 550 in AI pans. The heating rate used was 10° C./min linear ramp from 25 to 400° C. with a nitrogen purging at a rate of 60 ml/min. TGA thermograms were analysed using TRIOS software.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
DSC analyses were performed on a TA Instrument DSC250 with a Tzero cell purged at constant flow rate of 50 ml min−1 with dry nitrogen and a refrigerated cooling system RCS90. The instrument was calibrated using Indium as a standard. A small quantity of the samples was weighed into TA Tzero Aluminium pan with pierced lid. Samples were heating at 10° C./min in heat-cool-reheat method. TRIOS software was used to analyse DSC scans.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
The NMR spectra were measured on Bruker NEO spectrometer operating at 400.13 MHz for protons. Samples were dissolved in d6-DMSO. Data were processed using MestReNova x 64 software.
Initial characterisation of Hydrochloride Salt
Baseline analysis of the hydrochloride salt was performed to compare to data generated in later studies. The hydrochloride was analysed by XRPD and the diffractogram is shown in
Thermal analysis was performed and the TGA thermogram is shown in
To look for new crystal forms via recrystallisation from the melt, the DSC experiment was repeated but different cool and reheat rates were used in the second cycle. Three separate samples were all heated to 200° C. at 10° C.min−1 and then cooled to −90° C. and reheated to 200° C. at three different rates of 5° C.min−1, 2° C.min−1 and 1° C.min−1. The cool cycles only showed vitrification (data not shown) but the reheat cycles showed a recrystallisation event followed by a melt, but the melt is consistent with the recrystallised material being pattern 1 and as such, no new crystalline forms were observed in these experiments. The three thermograms are shown in
The hydrochloride was analysed by 1H and 1H-13C HSQC NMR. The 1H NMR spectrum is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided 5-MeO-DMT HCl. In one embodiment, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising 5-MeO-DMT HCl. In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT HCl, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT HCl, as characterised by one or more of:
Polymorphism Screen
To render the material amorphous and thus remove seeds of the pattern 1 the material was rendered amorphous. To 2.605 g of the hydrochloride lot RPI-014-022 dioxane (55 ml) and water (5 ml) was added. The mixture was agitated gently and warmed to aid dissolution. The clear solution was then divided equally between 60 HPLC vials (˜40 mg salt in each vial) and the vials were then frozen at ˜−18° C. for 6 hours and then dried by lyophilisation overnight. One sample was analysed by XRPD and the diffractogram shown in
Thermal Cycling
Twenty five of the lyophilised samples were treated with solvent and thermally cycled between ambient and 40° C. with four hours spent under each condition. After three days and solids were isolated by centrifuge filtration and analysed by XRPD. Any solutions were allowed to evaporate at RT but this did not yield any new solids. The solvents, observations, isolation and XRPD results are summarised in the Table below:
The XRPD for the new pattern 2 is shown in
The pattern 2 material was analysed further by TGA and DSC. The TGA thermogram is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrochloride or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrochloride, as characterised by one or more of:
The XRPD for the new pattern 3 is shown in
The pattern 3 material was analysed further by TGA and DSC. The TGA thermogram is shown in
The pattern 3 material was analysed by 1H NMR and this showed that the material was still a salt, and only contained a trace of dioxane and no methanol confirming it is not a solvated form. The 1H NMR spectrum is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrochloride or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT hydrochloride, as characterised by one or more of:
Evaporations of Hydrochloride Salt
Twelve samples of the lyophilised material were treated with a minimal volume (ca 0.5 ml) of warm solvent, syringe filtered through a 0.22 m filter and added to a clean HPLC vial and allowed to evaporate at RT. The solvents used and XRPD results following evaporation are detailed in the Table below:
The low solubility in many of the solvents meant that there was often insufficient solid for XRPD analysis. The XRPD diffractograms for the solids obtained can be seen in
To render the amorphous and thus remove seeds of the supplied pattern 1 the supplied material was lyophilised in an attempt to render it amorphous. To 2.396 g of the supplied benzoate salt lot 800674000 dioxane (55 ml) and water (5 ml) was added. The mixture was agitated gently and warmed to aid dissolution. The clear solution was then divided equally between 60 HPLC vials (˜40 mg salt in each vial) and the vials were then frozen at ˜−18° C. overnight and then dried by lyophilisation overnight. One sample was analysed by XRPD and the diffractogram shown in
The samples were used in further experiments.
The pattern 2 material was analysed further by TGA and DSC and the TGA thermogram is shown in
The material was analysed by 1H NMR and the spectrum (
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzoate or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzoate, as characterised by one or more of:
Thermal Cycling of Benzoate Salt
Twenty five of the lyophilised samples were treated with solvent and thermally cycled between ambient and 40° C. with four hours spent under each condition. After three days and solids were isolated by centrifuge filtration and analysed by XRPD. Any solutions were allowed to evaporate at RT but this did not yield any new solids. The solvents, observations, isolation and XRPD results are summarised in the Table below:
The XRPD for the new pattern 3 is shown in
The new pattern 3 material was analysed further by TGA and DSC. The TGA thermogram is shown in
The material was analysed further by 1H NMR and the spectrum is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzoate or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzoate, as characterised by one or more of:
The XRPD for the new pattern 4 is shown in
The new pattern 4 material was analysed further by TGA and DSC. The TGA thermogram is shown in
The material was analysed further by 1H NMR and the spectrum is shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzoate or a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline 5-MeO-DMT benzoate, as characterised by one or more of:
Evaporations of Benzoate Salt
Twelve samples of the lyophilised material were treated with a minimal volume (ca 0.5 ml) of warm solvent, syringe filtered through a 0.22 micrometre filter and added to a clean HPLC vial and allowed to evaporate at RT. The solvents used and XRPD results following evaporation are detailed in the Table below:
Antisolvent Additions of Benzoate Salt
For antisolvent additions thirteen samples of the lyophilised material were dissolved in a small amount of hot solvent (˜0.5 ml). Extra supplied material, ca 30 mg was added to each and the clear solution was syringe filtered through a 0.22 μm filter into a 20 ml scintillation vial. A large excess of antisolvent was then added, the vials sealed. After storage at RT overnight, and samples where no solid had been produced were first cooled to 4° C. for ˜24 hrs, and again if no solid was produced, they were cooled to −18° C. Any solids were isolated by centrifuge filtration and analysed by XRPD. The solvents, antisolvents, isolation conditions and XRPD results are summarised in the Table below:
Cooling of Benzoate Salt
For the cooling experiments twelve samples of the lyophilised material were dissolved in a small amount of hot solvent (˜0.5 ml) and syringe filtered through a 0.22 μm filter into a clean HPLC vial. Samples were allowed to cool to RT, and if no solid was produced to 4° C. and then to −18° C. Solids were isolated by centrifuge filtration and analysed by XRPD. The solvents, isolation conditions and XRPD results are summarised in the Table below:
Solubility assessments of 5-MeO-DMT oxalate, hydrobromide fumarate and benzoate were performed in four different media:
Oxalate Salt (DXD2203-013-02) 250 mg per vial results
Hydrobromide Salt (DXD2203-014-01) 250 mg per vial results
The hydrobromide salt has a solubility of, at least, 250 mg/ml.
Fumarate Salt (DXD2203-015-03) 250 mg Per Vial Results
The fumarate salt has a solubility of, at least, 250 mg/ml.
Benzoate Salt (21/32/68/FP1) 50 mg Per Vial Results
The benzoate salt has a solubility of, at least, 100 mg/ml.
The calibration curve of the free base was prepared between 0.031-0.500 mg/ml and can be seen in
Oxalate Salt Solubility by HPLC
Mother liquors were adjusted to the desired pH before HPLC quantification.
Isolated solids were analyzed by XRPD and no change in form was observed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2212116.4 | Aug 2022 | GB | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17941410 | Sep 2022 | US |
| Child | 18365699 | US |
