Pharmaceutically active piperidine derivatives, in particular as modulators of chemokine receptor activity

Abstract

Compounds of formula (I), compositions comprising them, processes for preparing them and their use in medical therapy (for example modulating CCR5 receptor activity in a warm blooded animal).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to heterocyclic derivatives having pharmaceutical activity, to processes for preparing such derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives and to the use of such derivatives as active therapeutic agents.

[0002] Pharmaceutically active piperidine derivatives are disclosed in EP-A1-1013276, WO00/08013, WO099/38514 and WO099/04794.

[0003] Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that are released by a wide variety of cells to attract macrophages, T cells, eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils to sites of inflammation and also play a rôle in the maturation of cells of the immune system. Chemokines play an important role in immune and inflammatory responses in various diseases and disorders, including asthma and allergic diseases, as well as autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. These small secreted molecules are a growing superfamily of 8-14 kDa proteins characterised by a conserved four cysteine motif. The chemokine superfamily can be divided into two main groups exhibiting characteristic structural motifs, the Cys-X-Cys (C-X-C, or α) and Cys-Cys (C-C, or β) families. These are distinguished on the basis of a single amino acid insertion between the NH-proximal pair of cysteine residues and sequence similarity.

[0004] The C-X-C chemokines include several potent chemoattractants and activators of neutrophils such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2).

[0005] The C-C chemokines include potent chemoattractants of monocytes and lymphocytes but not neutrophils such as human monocyte chemotactic proteins 1-3 (MCP-1, MCP-2 and MCP-3), RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted), eotaxin and the macrophage inflammatory proteins 1α and 1β (MIP-1α and MIP-1β).

[0006] Studies have demonstrated that the actions of the chemokines are mediated by subfamilies of G protein-coupled receptors, among which are the receptors designated CCR1, CCR2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CXCR4. These receptors represent good targets for drug development since agents which modulate these receptors would be useful in the treatment of disorders and diseases such as those mentioned above.

[0007] The CCR5 receptor is expressed on T-lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, microglia and other cell types. These detect and respond to several chemokines, principally “regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted” (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP) MIP-1a and MIP-1b and monocyte chemoattractant protein-2 (MCP-2).

[0008] This results in the recruitment of cells of the immune system to sites of disease. In many diseases it is the cells expressing CCR5 which contribute, directly or indirectly, to tissue damage. Consequently, inhibiting the recruitment of these cells is beneficial in a wide range of diseases.

[0009] CCR5 is also a co-receptor for HIV-1 and other viruses, allowing these viruses to enter cells. Blocking the receptor with a CCR5 antagonist or inducing receptor internalisation with a CCR5 agonist protects cells from viral infection.

[0010] The present invention provides a compound of formula (I): 1

[0011] wherein:

[0012] R1 is C1-6 alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-8 alkenyl or C3-8 alkynyl, each optionally substituted with one or more of: halo, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, C3-7 cycloalkyl, NR8R9, C(O)R10, NR13C(O)R14, C(O)NR17R18, NR19C(O)NR20R21, S(O)nR22, C1-6 alkoxy (itself optionally substituted by heterocyclyl or C(O)NR23R24), heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy;

[0013] R2 is hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C3-8 alkenyl, C3-8 alkynyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl, heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl or heterocyclyl(C1-4)alkyl;

[0014] R3 is C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, NR45R46, C2-8 alkynyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl, heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl or heterocyclyl(C1-4)alkyl;

[0015] R46 is C1-8 alkyl, C3-8 alkenyl, C3-8 alkynyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl, heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl or heterocyclyl(C1-4)alkyl;

[0016] wherein the groups of R2, R3 and R46, and the heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl moieties of R1, are independently optionally substituted by one or more of halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, S(O)qR25, OC(O)NR26R27, NR28R29, NR30C(O)R31, NR32C(O)NR33R34, S(O)2NR35R36, NR37S(O)2R38, C(O)NR39R40, C(O)R41, CO2R42, NR43CO2R44, C1-6 alkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, phenyl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl, phenoxy, phenylthio, phenyl(C1-4)alkoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl, heteroaryloxy or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkoxy;

[0017] wherein any of the immediately foregoing phenyl and heteroaryl moieties are optionally substituted with halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3; the C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl moieties of R1, R2 and R3 being additionally optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl or C1-6 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl;

[0018] R4, R5, R6 and R7 are, independently, hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl {optionally substituted by halo, cyano, hydroxy, C1-4 alkoxy, OCF3, NH2, NH(C1-4 alkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)S(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), CO2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)N(C1-4 alkyl)2, C(O)NH2, CO2H, S(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), S(O)2NH(C1-4 alkyl), S(O)2N(C1-4 alkyl)2, heterocyclyl or C(O)(heterocyclyl)}, S(O)2NH2, S(O)2NH(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)N(C1-4 alkyl)2, C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl) or C(O)(heterocyclyl); or two of R4, R5, R6 and R7 can join to form, together with the ring to which they are attached, a bicyclic ring system; or two of R4, R5, R6 and R7 can form an endocyclic bond (thereby resulting in an unsaturated ring system);

[0019] X is C(O), S(O)2, C(O)C(O), a direct bond or C(O)C(O)NR47;

[0020] k, m, n, p and q are, independently, 0, 1 or 2;

[0021] R25, R26, R27, R28, Re29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37,

[0022] R38, R39, R40, R41, Re42, R43 and R44 are, independently, C1-8 alkyl, C3-8 alkenyl, C3-8 alkynyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl each or which is optionally substituted by halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, SCH3, S(O)CH3, S(O)2CH3, NH2, NHCH3, N(CH3)2, NHC(O)NH2, C(O)NH2, NHC(O)CH3, S(O)2N(CH3)2, S(O)2NHCH3, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, CH2CF3 or OCF3; and R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R39, R40, R41, R42, R43 and R44 may additionally be hydrogen;

[0023] R8, R9, R10, R13, R14, R17, R18, R19, R20, R21, R23, R24, R45 and R47 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl {optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, heterocyclyl or phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy)}, phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3) or heteroaryl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3);

[0024] R22 is alkyl {optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, heterocyclyl or phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy)}, phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy) or heteroaryl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy);

[0025] the pairs of substituents: R8 and R9, R13 and R14, R17 and R18, R20 and R21, R23 and R24, R26 and R27, R28 and R29, R30 and R31, R32 with either R33 or R34, R33 and R34, R35 and R36, R37 and R38, R39 and R40 and R43 and R44 may, independently, join to form a ring and such a ring may also comprise an oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atom;

[0026] where for any of the foregoing heterocyclic groups having a ring —N(H)— moiety, that —N(H)— moiety may be optionally substituted by C1-4 alkyl (itself optionally substituted by hydroxy), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)N(C1-4 alkyl)2 or S(O)2(C1-4 alkyl);

[0027] a ring nitrogen and/or sulphur atom is optionally oxidised to form an N-oxide and/or an S-oxide;

[0028] foregoing heteroaryl or heterocyclyl rings are C- or, where possible, N-linked;

[0029] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof.

[0030] Certain compounds of the present invention can exist in different isomeric forms (such as enantiomers, diastereomers, geometric isomers or tautomers). The present invention covers all such isomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions.

[0031] Suitable salts include acid addition salts such as a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate, methanesulphonate or p-toluenesulphonate.

[0032] The compounds of the invention may exist as solvates (such as hydrates) and the present invention covers all such solvates.

[0033] Alkyl groups and moieties are straight or branched chain and are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or iso-propyl.

[0034] Alkenyl and alkynyl groups and moieties are, for example, vinyl, allyl or propargyl.

[0035] Cycloalkyl is a mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic structure such as, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or adamantyl.

[0036] Cycloalkenyl comprises one double bond and is, for example, cyclopentenyl or cyclohexenyl.

[0037] Acyl is, for example, carbonyl substituted by either C1-6 alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl.

[0038] Heterocyclyl is a non-aromatic 5 or 6 membered ring comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group comprising nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Heterocyclyl is, for example, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl or tetrahydrofuryl.

[0039] Heteroaryl is an aromatic 5 or 6 membered ring comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group comprising nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Heteroaryl is, for example, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzo[b]furyl, benzo[b]thienyl, phthalazinyl, indanyl, oxadiazolyl or benzthiazolyl.

[0040] Aryl is a carbocyclic aromatic ring system (for example phenyl or naphthyl).

[0041] Arylalkyl is, for example, benzyl, 1-(phenyl)ethyl or 2-(phenyl)ethyl.

[0042] Heteroarylalkyl is, for example, pyridinylmethyl, pyrimidinylmethyl or 2-(pyridinyl)ethyl.

[0043] When R39 and R40 join to form a ring the ring is, for example, a piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or morpholinyl ring.

[0044] In one aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein X is C(O), S(O)2 or a direct bond. In a further aspect X is C(O).

[0045] In another aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein m and p are both 1.

[0046] In a further aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R4, R5, R6 and R7 are all hydrogen.

[0047] In yet another aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (optionally substituted by C3-6 cycloalkyl or phenyl), C3-4 alkenyl or C3-4 alkynyl. In another aspect R2 is hydrogen.

[0048] In another aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 is methyl, ethyl, allyl, cyclopropyl or propargyl.

[0049] In a further aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 is methyl, ethyl or allyl.

[0050] In a still further aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 is C3-8 alkenyl (such as allyl) or C3-7 cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl).

[0051] In a further aspect X is C(O).

[0052] In a still further aspect R3 is NR45R46, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; R45 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; R46 is aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl groups of R3 and R46 are independently substituted by S(O)qR25, OC(O)NR26R27, NR32C(O)NR33R34 or C(O)R41, and optionally further substituted by one or more of halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl, S(O)qR25, OC(O)NR26R27, NR28R29, NR30C(O)R31, NR32C(O)NR33R34, S(O)2NR35R36, NR37S(O)2R38, C(O)NR39R40, C(O)R41, CO2R42, NR43CO2R44, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, phenyl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl, phenoxy, phenylthio, phenyl(C1-4)alkoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl, heteroaryloxy or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkoxy;

[0053] wherein any of the immediately foregoing phenyl and heteroaryl moieties are optionally substituted with halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3; wherein q, ke, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, R41, R42, R43 and R44 are as defined above.

[0054] In a still further aspect R3 is NR45R46, phenyl, heteroaryl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; R45 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; R46 is phenyl, heteroaryl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl groups of R3 and R46 are substituted by S(O)2R25, OC(O)NR26R27, NR32C(O)NR33R34 or C(O)R41, and optionally further substituted by one or more of halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl, S(O)2R25, OC(O)NR26R27, NR28R29, NR30C(O)R31, NR32C(O)NR33R34, S(O)2NR35R36, NR37S(O)2R38, C(O)NR39R40, C(O)R41, CO2R42, NR CO2R43CO2R44, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkoxy; wherein R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, R41, R42, R43 and R44 are as defined above.

[0055] In another aspect R3 is NR45R46, phenyl, heteroaryl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; R45 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; R46 is phenyl, heteroaryl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl groups of R3 and R46 are substituted by S(O)2R25, and optionally further substituted by one or more of halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkoxy; wherein R25 is C1-6 alkyl.

[0056] In yet another aspect R3 is NR45R46, phenyl or phenylCH2; R45 is hydrogen or C1-2 alkyl; R46 is phenyl or phenylCH2; wherein the phenyl groups of R3 and R46 are mono-substituted by S(O)2R25; wherein R25 is C1-6 alkyl (for example methyl).

[0057] In a further aspect R3 is phenyl or phenylCH2; wherein the phenyl groups are mono-substituted (for example in the 4-position) by S(O)2R25; wherein R25 is C1-6 alkyl (for example methyl).

[0058] In another aspect R3 is NR45R46, phenyl, heteroaryl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; R45 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; R46 is phenyl, heteroaryl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl groups of R3 and R46 are substituted by S(O)2NR35R36, and optionally further substituted byone or more of halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkoxy; wherein R35 and R36 are, independently, hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C3-8 alkenyl, C3-8 alkynyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl each or which is optionally substituted by halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, SCH3, S(O)CH3, S(O)2CH3, NH2, NHCH3, N(CH3)2, NHC(O)NH2, C(O)NH2, NHC(O)CH3, S(O)2N(CH3)2, S(O)2NHCH3, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, CH2CF3 or OCF3.

[0059] In yet another aspect R3 is NR45R46, phenyl or phenylCH2; R45 is hydrogen or C1-2 alkyl; R46 is phenyl or phenylCH2; wherein the phenyl groups of R3 and R46 are mono-substituted by S(O)2NR35R36; wherein R35 and R36 are, independently, hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, C3-8 alkenyl, C3-8 alkynyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl each or which is optionally substituted by halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, SCH3, S(O)CH3, S(O)2CH3, NH2, NHCH3, N(CH3)2, NHC(O)NH2, C(O)NH2, NHC(O)CH3, S(O)2N(CH3)2, S(O)2NHCH3, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, CH2CF3 or OCF3; where, in a further aspect, R35 is neither hydrogen nor C1-4 alkyl.

[0060] In another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein X is C(O); and R3 is C3-7 cycloalkyl, (CH2)3-aryl, (CH2)3-heteroaryl, (CH2)aryl, (CH2)-heteroaryl, (CH2)3C(═O)NH-aryl, (CH2)3C(═O)NH-heteroaryl, (CH2)C3-10 cycloalkyl, (CH2)5NO2, (CH2)5NC(═O)C1-4 alkyl, CH2—CH═CH-aryl, CH2—CH═CH-heteroaryl, NH-aryl, NH-heterocyclyl, NH-allyl, NHCH2-aryl or NHCH2-heteroaryl; wherein aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted as defined above.

[0061] In a further aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein X is C(O); and R3 is (CH2)3-aryl, (CH2)3-heteroaryl, (CH2)aryl, (CH2)-heteroaryl, (CH2)3C(═O)NH-aryl, (CH2)3C(═O)NH-heteroaryl, NH-aryl, NH-heterocyclyl, NHCH2-aryl or NHCH2-heteroaryl; wherein aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl rings are optionally substituted as defined above.

[0062] In a still further aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein X is C(O); and R3 is CH2-phenyl (wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 3-, 4- and/or 5-position with one or more substituents recited for aryl above), (CH2)3-phenyl, (CH2)3-oxadiazole-aryl, (CH2)3-oxadiazole-heteroaryl, (CH2)3C(═O)NH-phenyl, NHCH2-phenyl, NHCH2-heteroaryl or NH-phenyl (wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 3-, 4- and/or 5-position with one or more substituents recited for aryl above); wherein aryl and heteroaryl rings are optionally substituted as defined above; phenyl rings are, unless stated otherwise, optionally substituted with one or more substituents recited for aryl above.

[0063] In yet another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein X is C(O); and R3 is CH2-phenyl [wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 3-, 4- and/or 5-position with one or more of Cl, Br, F, OH, C1-4 alkoxy (such as OMe or OEt), CN, S(O)2(C1-4 alkyl) (such as S(O)2Me), S(O)(C1-4 alkyl) (such as S(O)Me), S(C1-4 alkyl) (such as SMe), S(O)2NH2, S(O)2N(C1-4 alkyl)2 (such as S(O)2NMe2), C1-4 alkyl (such as Me), CF3, OCF3, NO2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl) (such as NHCOMe), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl) (such as C(O)Me), S(O)2CF3, S(O)CF3, SCF3, C(O)NH2 or CO2(C1-4 alkyl) (such as CO2Me)], NHCH2-phenyl [wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 3-, 4- and/or 5-position with one or more of Cl, Br, F, OH, C1-4 alkoxy (such as OMe or OEt), CN, S(O)2(C1-4 alkyl) (such as S(O)2Me), S(O)(C1-4 alkyl) (such as S(O)Me), S(C1-4 alkyl) (such as SMe), S(O)2NH2, S(O)2N(C1-4 alkyl)2 (such as S(O)2NMe2), CF3, OCF3, NO2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl such as NHC(O)Me), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl) (such as C(O)Me), S(O)2CF3, S(O)CF3, SCF3, C(O)NH2 or CO2(C1-4 alkyl) (such as CO2Me)] or NH-phenyl [wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 3-, 4- and/or 5-position with one or more of F, Cl, C1-4 alkoxy (such as OMe) or N(C1-4 alkyl)2 (such as NMe2)].

[0064] In another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein X is C(O); and R3 is CH2-phenyl [wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 4-position with Cl, Br, F, OH, OMe, CN, S(O)2Me, S(O)2NH2, S(O)2NMe2, CF3, OCF3, NO2, NHC(O)Me or CO2Me], NHCH2-phenyl [wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 4-position with Cl, Me, F or OMe] or NH-phenyl [wherein the phenyl ring is optionally substituted at the 4-position with F, Cl, OMe or NMe2).

[0065] In a further aspect the invention provides a compound as hereinbefore defined wherein R1 is C1-6 alkyl {optionally substituted by cyano, NR13*C(O)R14*, NR15*R16*, phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3) or heteroaryl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3, OCF3 or phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3))} or C2-6 alkenyl {optionally substituted by phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxy, nitro, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy or di(C1-4 alkyl)amino)}; R13* is C1-4 alkyl; R14* is phenyl optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3; and R15* and R16* are, independently, C1-4 alkyl or phenyl (optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3). Heteroaryl is, for example, pyrrolyl, furyl, indolyl or pyrimidinyl.

[0066] In another aspect R1 is a three-carbon chain which optionally carries one methyl group along its length (for example a methyl group is carried on the carbon that bonds to the nitrogen atom of the ring shown in formula (I)) wherein said three-carbon chain is optionally substituted as described for R1 above.

[0067] In a still further aspect the invention provides a compound as hereinbefore defined wherein R1 is 2,6-dimethoxybenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl, 2,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxybenzyl, 3-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)prop-2-enyl, (1-phenyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl)methyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 3-R/S-phenylbutyl, 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl, 3-cyano-3-phenylpropyl, 4-(N-methylbenzamido)-3-phenylbutyl or 3,3-diphenylpropyl.

[0068] Further examples of R1 include each individual partial structure presented in Schedule I and each individual partial structure presented in Schedule I can be combined with any definition of X, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, m or p as herein defined.

[0069] In another aspect the invention provides a compound as hereinbefore defined wherein R1 is 3-R/S-phenylbutyl or, preferably, 3,3-diphenylpropyl. In a further aspect R1 is 3-(S)-phenylbutyl. In yet a further aspect R1 is 3,3-diphenylpropyl.

[0070] In a still further aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is a hereinbefore defined; R2 is ethyl, allyl or cyclopropyl (for example allyl or cyclopropyl); and R3 is NHCH2C6H5, NHCH2(4-F—C6H4), NHCH2(4-S(O)2CH3—C6H4), NHCH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4), CH2C6H5, CH2(4-F—C6H4), CH2(4-S(O)2CH3—C6H4) or CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4) {for example NHCH2(4-S(O)2CH3—C6H4) or CH2(4-S(O)2CH3—C6H4)}.

[0071] In yet another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is 3,3-diphenylpropyl, X is CO, R2 is C1-8 alkyl, and R3 is as hereinbefore defined.

[0072] In a further aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is 3,3-diphenylpropyl, X is CO, R2 is allyl, and R3 is as hereinbefore defined.

[0073] In a still further aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is 3,3-diphenylpropyl or 3-R/S-phenylbutyl, X is C(O), R2 is H, and R3 is as hereinbefore defined.

[0074] In another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is 3,3-diphenylpropyl or 3-R/S-phenylbutyl, X is C(O), R2 is H or methyl, and R3 is NR45R46 (such as an amine group as hereinbefore defined for R3).

[0075] In yet another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (Ia): 2

[0076] wherein X, R2 and R3 are as defined above.

[0077] In a further aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (Ib): 3

[0078] wherein X, R2 and R3 are as defined above.

[0079] In a still further aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (Ic): 4

[0080] wherein X, m, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above.

[0081] In yet another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (Id): 5

[0082] wherein X, R2 and R3 are as defined above; and R14 is hydrogen, alkyl {optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, heterocyclyl or phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, cyano, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 alkoxy)}, phenyl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3), heteroaryl (itself optionally substituted by halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3) or NR20OR21; wherein R20 and R21, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, join to form an aziridine, azetidine or pyrrolidine ring.

[0083] The following compounds illustrate the invention.

TABLE I
Table I lists compounds of formula (Ia):
6 (Ia)

[0084] wherein X, R2 and R3 are listed in the table. Mass Spectrum details are given for certain compounds of Table I.

TABLE II
Table II comprises 409 compounds of formula (Ib):
	(Ib)
7
Compound				LCMS
No.	X	R2	R3	(MH+)
1	CO	Me	pyridin-4-yl	415
2	CO	Me	fur-3-yl	404
3	CO	Me	4-(4-OH-C6H4)C6H4	506
4	CO	Me	thien-3-yl	419
5	CO	Me	2-NO2-thien-4-yl	464
6	CO	Me	pyrazin-2-yl	416
7	CO	Me	2,3-Cl2-pyridin-5-yl	482
8	CO	Me	2-Cl-6-Me-pyridin-4-yl	462
9	CO	Me	3-Me-thien-2-yl	434
10	CO	Me	3-Me-fur-2-yl	418
11	CO	Me	2-CN-pyridin-5-yl	440
12	CO	Me	2-NO2-thiazol-4-yl	477
13	CO	Me	(CH2)5C6H5	483
14	CO	Me	(CH2)2CONH(4-MeO-C6H4)	514
15	CO	Me	cyclopent-1-en-1-yl	403
16	CO	Me	(CH2)7COC6H5	540
17	CO	Me	4-tert-butyl-cyclohexyl	476
18	CO	Me	2-Me-4,5,6,7-F4-benzofur-3-yl	539
19	CO	Me	(CH2)3(3,4-(MeO)2—C6H3)	516
20	CO	Me	(CH2)3CONH(C6H5)	499
21	CO	Me	(CH2)2S(benzothiazol-2-yl)	530
22	CO	Me	(CH2)3CONH(2-CN—C6H4)	524
23	CO	Me	CH2(1-phenyl-5-methyl-iniidazol-4-yl)	508
24	CO	Me	CH2(adamant-1-yl)	486
25	CO	Me	(CH2)3(1-Me-1,2-dihydro-	537
			isoquinolin-1-on-3-yl)
26	CO	Me	CH2(4-hydroxy-phthalazin-1-yl)	496
27	CO	Me	CH2(1-Me-cyclohexyl)	448
28	Co	Me	CH2(indan-2-yl)	468
29	Co	Me	3-F-4-NO2—C6H3	476
30	Co	Me	CH2NH(C6H5)	443
31	CO	Me	(CH2)5NO2	453
32	Co	Me	2-Cl-pyridin-4-yl	448
33	CO	Me	(CH2)5NHCOCF3	517
34	CO	Me	CH2(2-Me-3-NO2—C6H3)	486
35	CO	Me	CH2(3,5-(MeO)2—C6H3)	488
36	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-EtO—C6H4)	497
37	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(5-F-indol-3-yl)	510
38	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3,4-(MeO)2—C6H3)	513
39	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3,4,5-(MeO)3—C6H2)	543
40	CO	CH2CH═CH2	(CH2)3COC6H5	509
41	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(indol-3-yl)	492
42	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3,4-methylenedioxy-C6H3)	497
43	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-I—C6H4)	579
44	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-OCF3—C6H4)	537
45	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3-Me-4-MeO—C6H3)	497
46	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3,4-(MeO)2—C6H3)	527
47	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3-CF3-4-F—C6H3)	539
48	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(benzthien-3-yl)	509
49	CO	CH2CH═CH2	(CH2)3(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-	550
			oxadiazol-5-yl)
50	CO	CH2CH═CH2	(CH2)3CO(thien-2-yl)	515
51	CO	CH2CH═CH2	(CH2)3(4-Me—C6H4)	495
52	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(5-MeO-indol-3-yl)	522
53	S(O)2	Me	2-OCF3—C6H4	533
54	S(O)2	Me	3-NO2-4-Cl-C6H3	528
55	S(O)2	Me	2,5-Cl2—C6H3	517
56	S(O)2	Me	2,5-Cl2-thien-3-yl	523
57	S(O)2	Me	2-Cl-5-CF3—C6H3	551
58	S(O)2	Me	2-Cl-thien-2-yl	489
59	S(O)2	Me	2-Cl-4-CF3—C6H3	551
60	S(O)2	Me	2,4-F2—C6H3	485
61	S(O)2	Me	2,3-Cl2—C6H3	517
62	S(O)2	Me	2-NO2—C6H4	494
63	S(O)2	Me	3-Cl-4-(NHCOMe)—C6H3	540
64	S(O)2	Me	2-CF3—C6H4	517
65	S(O)2	Me	3,5-Me2-isoxazol-4-yl	468
66	S(O)2	Me	2-(isoxazol-3-yl)thien-5-yl	522
67	S(O)2	H	3-Cl-4-(NHCOMe)—C6H3	526
68	CO	Me	NH(3,4-Cl2—C6H3)	496
69	CO	Me	NH(3-Cl-4-Me-C6H3)	476
70	CO	Me	NH(4-CF3—C6H4)	496
71	CO	Me	NH(4-COMe—C6H4)	471
72	CO	Me	NH(2-Me-5-NO2—C6H3)	487
73	CO	Me	NH(3,4-F2—C6H3)	464
74	CO	Me	NH(CH2)2thien-2-yl	462
75	CO	Me	NH(4-I—C6H4)	554
76	CO	Me	NH(2-Et—C6H4)	457
77	CO	Me	NH(2,6-(Me)2—C6H3)	457
78	CO	Me	NHCH2(2,4-Cl2—C6H3)	510
79	CO	H	NHCH2C6H5	428
80	CO	H	NH(4-Br—C6H4)	494
81	CO	H	NH(4-Cl—C6H4)	448
82	CO	H	NH(2-Cl—C6H4)	448
83	CO	H	NH(4-Me—C6H4)	428
84	CO	H	NH(2,6-Me2-4-Br—C6H2)	522
85	CO	H	NH(2,4,6-Me3—C6H2)	456
86	CO	H	NH(2-NO2-4-Me—C6H3)	473
87	CO	H	NH(3-NO2-4-Me—C6H3)	473
88	CO	H	NH(2-Me-3-NO2—C6H3)	473
89	CO	H	NH(4-MeO—C6H4)	444
90	CO	H	NH(CH2)2thien-2-yl	448
91	CO	H	NH-(n-propyl)	380
92	CO	H	NH(2,6-Me2—C6H3)	442
93	CO	H	NH(2,6-F2—C6H3)	450
94	CO	H	NH(4-NMe2—C6H4)	457
95	CO	H	NHCH2(2-Me—C6H4)	442
96	CO	Me	thien-2-yl	419
97	CO	Me	2-NO2-thien-5-yl	448
98	CO	Me	3-NO2—C6H4	458
99	CO	Me	4-NO2—C6H4	458
100	CO	Me	4-F—C6H4	431
101	CO	Me	2-Cl-pyridin-5-yl	448
102	CO	Me	fur-2-yl	403
103	CO	Me	CH2(4-Br—C6H4)	507
104	CO	Me	(CH2)2CO2Me	423
105	CO	Me	cyclobutyl	391
106	CO	Me	(CH2)3(2-MeO—C6H4)	471
107	CO	Me	1-(4-MeO—C6H4)cyclopropyl	483
108	CO	Me	(CH2)3indol-3-yl	494
109	COCO	Me	CH2CH(CH3)2	421
110	CO	Me	benzyl	427
111	CO	Me	CH2(3,4-Cl2—C6H3)	495
112	CO	Me	CH2(tert-butyl)	407
113	CO	Me	CH2(3,4,5-(MeO)3—C6H2)	517
114	CO	Me	CH2CH(CH3)2	393
115	CO	Me	CH2CH═CHC6H5	453
116	CO	Me	CH2CH2SCH3	411
117	CO	Me	CH2(4-Cl—C6H4)	461
118	CO	Me	2,6-Cl2-pyridin-3-yl	482
119	CO	Me	CH2(2-F—C6H4)	445
120	CO	Me	CH2(3-F—C6H4)	445
121	COCO	Me	phenyl	441
122	CO	Me	CH2(2-Cl—C6H4)	461
123	CO	Me	CH2(3-Cl—C6H4)	461
124	CO	Me	CH2(3-MeO—C6H4)	457
125	CO	Me	CH2(3,4-(MeO)2—C6H3)	487
126	CO	Me	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	445
127	CO	Me	CH2(4-MeO—C6H4)	457
128	CO	Me	CH2(2,4-F2—C6H3)	463
129	CO	Me	CH2(thien-2-yl)	433
130	CO	Me	CH2(thien-3-yl)	433
131	CO	Me	CH2(indol-3-yl)	466
132	CO	Me	CH2(2,4-Cl2—C6H3)	495
133	CO	Me	CH2(3,4-F2—C6H3)	463
134	CO	Me	CH2(4-CF3—C6H4)	495
135	CO	Me	CH2(4-CF3O-C6H4)	511
136	CO	Me	CHMe(C6H5)	441
137	CO	Me	CH2(benzthien-3-yl)	483
138	CO	Me	CH2(4-NO2—C6H4)	472
139	CO	Me	(CH2)3(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-	524
			oxadiazol-5-yl)
140	CO	H	CH2(4-NO2—C6H4)	458
141	CO	H	CH2(3,4,5-(MeO)3—C6H2)	503
142	CO	H	(CH2)3(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-	510
			oxadiazol-5-yl)
143	CO	H	CH2(4-Cl—C6H4)	447
144	CO	Me	NH(3-Cl—C6H4)	462
145	CO	Me	NHCH2C6H5	442
146	CO	Me	NH(cyclohexyl)	434
147	CO	Me	NH(phenyl)	428
148	CO	Me	NH(2-MeO—C6H4)	458
149	CO	Me	NH(3-Me—C6H4)	442
150	CO	Me	NH(4-Br—C6H4)	508
151	CO	Me	NH(4-Cl—C6H4)	462
152	CO	Me	NH(4-NO2—C6H4)	473
153	CO	Me	NH(2-Br—C6H4)	508
154	CO	Me	NH(4-CO2Et—C6H4)	500
155	CO	Me	NH(2-F—C6H4)	446
156	CO	Me	NH(2-Cl—C6H4)	462
157	CO	Me	NH(4-Me—C6H4)	442
158	CO	Me	NH(2,4,6-Me3—C6H2)	470
159	CO	Me	NH(2-NO2-4-Me—C6H3)	487
160	CO	Me	NH(2-Me-4-Cl—C6H3)	476
161	CO	Me	NH(3-CN—C6H4)	453
162	CO	Me	NH(3-NO2-4-Me—C6H3)	487
163	CO	Me	NH(3-COMe—C6H4)	470
164	CO	Me	NH(3,5-Me2—C6H3)	456
165	CO	Me	NH(2,4-Me2—C6H3)	456
166	CO	Me	NH(2-Cl-4-NO2—C6H3)	507
167	CO	Me	NH(2-Me-3-NO2—C6H3)	487
168	CO	Me	NH(4-MeO—C6H4)	458
169	CO	Me	NH(n-propyl)	394
170	CO	Me	NHEt	380
171	CO	Me	NH(2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)	468
172	CO	Me	NH(CH2CH═CH2)	392
173	CO	Me	NH(naphth-2-yl)	478
174	CO	Me	NH(CH2)2C6H5	456
175	CO	Me	NH(2,6-Cl2-pyridin-4-yl)	497
176	CO	Me	NH(2,6-F2—C6H3)	464
177	CO	Me	NH(4-N(Me)2—C6H4)	471
178	CO	Me	NH(naphth-1-yl)	478
179	CO	Me	NH(2-Me—C6H4)	442
180	CO	Me	NH(2,6-Cl2—C6H3)	496
181	CO	Me	NH(CH2)5CO2Et	494
182	bond	Me	CH2(4-Cl-imidazol-3-yl)	424
183	bond	Me	CH2(2-(4-NO2—C6H4)fur-5-yl)	511
184	bond	Me	CH2(3-OH-4-NO2—C6H3)	461
185	bond	Me	CH2(4-Br-imidazol-3-yl)	469
186	bond	Me	CH2(1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-imidazol-3-yl)	514
187	bond	H	CH2(3-NO2-4-OH—C6H3)	447
188	bond	H	CH2(3-OH-4-NO2—C6H3)	447
189	CO	Me	CH2(2,2-Me2-3-(COMe)-cyclobutyl)
190	CO	Me	CH2(3-MeO-4-OH-C6H3)
191	CO	Me	CH2(5-OH-indol-3-yl)
192	CO	Me	CH2(5-F-indol-3-yl)
193	CO	Me	CH2(4-OH—C6H4)	443
194	CO	CH2C≡CH	(CH2)3cyclohexyl
195	CO	CH2C≡CH	CH2CH2CH(CH3)C6H5
196	CO	CH2CH═CH2	(CH2)3cyclohexyl
197	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(benzthien-3-yl)
198	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-(S(O)2Me)—C6H4)	536
199	CO	CH2cyclopropyl	(CH2)3cyclohexyl
200	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)
201	CO	H	NH(3,4-Cl2—C6H3)
202	CO	H	NH(2,4-Me2—C6H3)
203	CO	H	NH(2-Cl-4-NO2—C6H3)
204	CO	H	NH(4-MeO—C6H4)
205	CO	H	NHCH2(2,4-Cl2—C6H3)
206	CO	Me	CH2(4-Me—C6H4)	441
207	CO	H	CH2(3-Me—C6H4)
208	CO	H	benzyl
209	CO	H	CH2(4-EtO—C6H4)
210	CO	H	CH2(3-F—C6H4)
211	CO	H	CH2(4-iso-propyl-C6H4)
212	CO	H	CH2-3-indole-5-OH
213	CO	H	CH2(4-Me—C6H4)
214	CO	H	CH2(3-Me-4-MeO—C6H3)
215	CO	H	5-F-indol-3-yl
216	CO	H	CH2(3,4-Cl2—C6H3)
217	CO	H	CH2(4-phenyl-C6H4)
218	CO	H	CH2(3,4-F2—C6H3)
219	CO	H	CH2(4-CF3O—C6H4)	497
220	CO	H	CH2(3-Br-4-MeO—C6H3)
221	CO	H	CH2(3-CF3-4-F—C6H3)
222	CO	H	CH2(benzthien-3-yl)
223	CO	H	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH2)—C6H4)
224	CO	H	CH2(4-(S(O)2NMe2)—C6H4)
225	CO	H	CH2(3-CF3—C6H4)
226	CO	H	CH2(3-Br—C6H4)
227	CO	H	CH2(4-Br—C6H4)
228	CO	H	CH2(4-(4-F—C6H4)—C6H4)
229	CO	Me	NH(4-CF3O—C6H4)
230	CO	Me	NH(3-F—C6H4)
231	CO	Me	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)
232	CO	H	CH2(4-NH2—C6H4)
233	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3,5-(MeO)2-4-OH—C6H2)	529
234	CO	Me	CH2(4-CN—C6H4)	452
235	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH2)—C6H4)	506
236	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NMe2)—C6H4)	534
237	CO	H	CH2(3,4-(OMe)2—C6H3)	473
238	CO	H	CH2(4-OMe—C6H4)	443
239	CO	H	CH2(4-OH—C6H4)	429
240	CO	H	CH2(4-CF3—C6H4)	481
241	CO	H	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	431
242	CO	H	CH2(3-CF3—C6H4)
243	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NH(4-F—C6H4)	472
244	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NH(4-CH3—C6H4)	468
245	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2C6H5	468
246	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NH(phenyl)	454
247	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NH(4-OCH3—C6H4)	484
248	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NH((S)—CH3CH(phenyl))	482
249	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2CH═CH2	418
250	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2(3-CH3—C6H4)	482
251	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2(4-OCH3—C6H4)	498
252	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2(4-CH3—C6H4)	482
253	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	486
254	CO	Et	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	459
255	CO	Et	CH2(4-Cl—C6H4)	475
256	CO	Et	CH2(4-NO2—C6H4)	486
257	CO	Et	CH2(4-CN—C6H4)	466
258	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	520
259	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2N(CH3)2—C6H4)	548
260	CO	Et	NH(4-Me—C6H4)	456
261	CO	Et	NH(CHCH3C6H5)	470
262	CO	Et	NHCH2CH═CH2	406
263	CO	Et	NHCH2C6H5	456
264	CO	Et	NHCH2(3-Me—C6H4)	470
265	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-OMe—C6H4)	486
266	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-Me—C6H4)	470
267	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	474
268	CO	Me	CH2(4-(OCH2C6H4)—C6H4)	533
269	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3-F—C6H4)	471
270	CO	CH2CH═CH2	(CH2)3-3-(4-Cl—C6H4)—	583
			[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl	(585)
271	CO	CH2CH═CH2	(CH2)3-3-(3-NO2—C6H4)—	594
			[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl
272	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3-OMe—C6H4)	483
273	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-Br—C6H4)	533/531
274	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-Cl—C6H4)	487
				(489)
275	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-OMe—C6H4)	483
276	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-CF3—C6H4)	521
277	CO	Me	CH2(4-NHC(O)Me—C6H4)	484
278	CO	Me	CH2(4-SMe—C6H4)	473
279	CO	Me	CH2(4-CO2Me—C6H4)	485
280	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(3,5-(OMe)2-4-OH—C6H4	529
281	CO	Me	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	505
282	CO	Et	CH2(4-OCF3—C6H4)	525
283	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	519
284	CO	cPr	CH2(4-NO2—C6H4)	498
285	CO	cPr	CH2(4-OCF3—C6H4)	537
286	CO	cPr	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	531
287	CO	cPr	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	532
288	CO	cPr	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	471
289	CO	(CH2)2OH	CH2(4-NO2—C6H4)	502
290	CO	(CH2)2OH	CH2(4-OCF3C6H4)	541
291	CO	(CH2)2OH	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	535
292	CO	(CH2)2OH	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	536
293	CO	(CH2)2OH	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	475
294	CO	(CH2)2F	CH2(4-NO2—C6H4)	504
295	CO	(CH2)2F	CH2(4-OCF3—C6H4)	543
296	CO	(CH2)2F	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	537
297	CO	(CH2)2F	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	538
298	CO	(CH2)2F	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	477
299	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-NO2—C6H4)	498
300	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	532
301	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	471
302	CO	cPr	CH2(pyridin-2-yl)	454
303	CO	cPr	CH2(1-Me-imidazol-4-yl)	457
304	CO	cPr	CH2(1-Me-4-NO2-pyrazo1-5-yl)	502
305	CO	cPr	CH2(6-Cl-pyridin-3-yl)	488
				(490)
306	CO	cPr	CH2(3-Me-isoxazol-5-yl)	458
307	CO	cPr	CH2(3,5-Me2-isoxazol-4-yl) 472
308	CO	Et	CH2(5-Cl-thien-2-yl)	481
				(483)
309	CO	Et	CH2(5-(NHCO2-tert-Bu)-	564
			[2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)
310	CO	Et	CH2(6-Cl-pyridin-3-yl)	476
				(478)
311	CO	Et	CH2(3,5-Me2-isoxazol-4-yl)	460
312	CO	Et	CH2(3-Me-isoxazol-5-yl)	446
313	CO	Et	CH2(1-Me-4-NO2-pyrazol-5-yl)	490
314	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	555
315	CO	H	NH(2,4-Me2—C6H3)	422
316	CO	cPr	NHCH2C6H5	468
317	CO	(CH2)2OCONHCH2phenyl	NHCH2C6H5	605
318	CO	(CH2)2OH	NHCH2C6H5	472
319	CO	(CH2)2F	NHCH2C6H5	474
320	CO	cPr	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	486
321	CO	(CH2)2OH	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	490
322	CO	(CH2)2F	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	492
323	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-CF3—C6H4)	524
324	CO	Et	NHCH2(thien-3-yl)	462
325	CO	Et	NHCH2(indol-3-yl)	495
326	CO	Et	NHCH2(5-OMe-indol-3-yl)	525
327	CO	Et	NHCH2(2,5-F2—C6H3)	492
328	CO	Et	NHCH2(3-Cl-4-OH—C6H3)	507
329	CO	Et	NHCH2(thien2-yl)	462
330	CO	Et	NHCH2(3-OMe—C6H4)	486
331	CO	Et	NHCH2(2,6-F2—C6H3)	492
332	CO	Et	NHCH2(3,5-F2—C6H3)	492
333	CO	Et	NHCH2(2-F—C6H4)	474
334	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-OCF3—C6H4)	540
335	CO	Et	NHCH2(2,2-Me2-3-C(O)Me—cBu)	504
336	CO	Et	NHCH2(2-phenyl-5-Me-oxazol-4-yl)	537
337	CO	Et	NH(indazol-3-yl)	482
338	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	534
339	CO	Et	NHCH2(2-OMe—C6H4)	486
340	CO	Et	NHCH2(3,5-Me2-isoxazol-4-yl)	475
341	CO	Et	NHCH2(5-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)	523
342	CO	Et	NHCH2(5-CN-indol-3-yl)	520
343	CO	Et	NHCH2(2,5-(OMe)2—C6H3)	516
344	CO	Et	NHCH2(3-F—C6H4)	474
345	CO	Et	NLICH2(3,4-(OMe)2—C6H3)	516
346	CO	Et	NHCH2(3,4,5-(OMe)3—C6H4	546
347	CO	Et	NHCH2(3-OH—C6H4)	472
348	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-OH—C6H4)	472
349	CO	Et	NHCH2-(3-F-4-OH—C6H3)	490
350	CO	Et	NHCH2(3-OMe-4-OH—C6H3)	502
351	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-NH2—C6H4)	471
352	CO	Et	NHCH2(3,5-(OMe)2-4-OH—C6H2)	532
353	CO	Et	NHCH2(3-NH2—C6H4)	471
354	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH—cPr)—C6H4)	546
355	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH-isoBu)-C6H4)	562
356	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH(CH2)2OMe)—C6H4)	564
357	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH(CH2)2OH)—C6H4)	550
358	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NHCH2C≡CH)—C6H4)	544
359	CO	Me	CH3(4-(S(O)2NHCH2CH═CH2)—	546
			C6H4)
360	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH(CH2)3OH)—C6H4)	564
361	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2N(Me)CH2C≡CH)—	558
			C6H4)
362	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2N(Me)CH2CH═CH2)—	560
			C6H4)
363	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2N(Me)Et)—C6H4	548
364	CO	Me	CH2-4-(S(O)2N(Me)(CH2)2OH)—	564
			C6H4)
365	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NHCH2—cPr)—C6H4)	560
366	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2N(Me)isoPr)—C6H4)	562
367	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NHCH(Me)CH2OH)—	564
			C6H4)
368	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-azetidinyl)-C6H4)	546
369	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-pyrrolidinyl)-C6H4)	560
370	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-morpholin-4-yl)-C6H4)	576
371	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH-isoPr)—C6H4)	548
372	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NHMe)—C6H4)	520
373	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NHCH2CH(Me)OH)—	564
			C6H4)
374	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-3-CH2OH-piperidin-1-	604
			yl)-C6H4)
375	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH(CH2)2-imidazol-4-	600
			yl)-C6H4)
376	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-3-CH2OH-pyrrolidin-	590
			1-yl)-C6H4)
377	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-3-OH-piperidin-1-yl-	590
			C6H4)
379	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH-pyridin-3-yl)-C6H4)	583
380	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NHCH2CN)—C6H4)	545
381	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-pyrrolen-1-yl)-C6H4)	558
382	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-4-OH-piperidin-1-yl)-	590
			C6H4)
383	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH-pyrazo1-3yl)-C6H4)	572
384	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2-3-OH-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-	576
			C6H4)
385	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH(CH2)2OH)—C6H4)	514
386	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NH(CH2)3OH)—C6H4)	528
387	CO	Me	CH2(4-(S(O)2NHCH2CH(OH)Me)—	528
			C6H4)
388	CO	Me	NH(4-F—C6H4)	446
389	CO	Me	NHCH(Me)phenyl	456
390	CO	H	CH(CH2CH═CH2)-4-S(O)2Me—C6H4	531
391	CO	Me	pyrrolidin-1yl	406
392	CO	H	CH2(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)	395
393	CO	H	CH2(4-NMe2—C6H4)	394
394	CO	H	CH2(3-Cl-4-OH—C6H3)	402
				(404)
395	CO	H	CH2(4-CO2Me—C6H4)	409
396	CO	H	CH2(3-CN-4-OH—C6H3)	392
397	CO	H	CH2(3-F-4-(thiomorphlin-4-yl)-C6H3)	470
398	CO	H	CH2(3-OMe—C6H4)	381
399	CO	H	CH2(3-OH—C6H4)	367
400	CO	H	CH2(3-F-4-OH—C6H3)	384
401	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)
402	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)
403	CO	Et	CH2C6H5
404	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)
405	CO	CH2CH═CH2	NHCH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)
406	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2C6H5
407	CO	cPr	NHCH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)
408	CO	cPr	NHCH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)
409	CO	cPr	CH2C6H5

[0085] wherein the variables X, R2 and R3 for each compound of Table II are the same as the correspondingly numbered compound in Table I. Mass Spectrum details are given for certain compounds of Table II.

Example MS
Number  (MH+)
38      451
71      408
79      366
80      430
81      386
83      366
86      411
88      411
103     445
107     421
108     432
110     365
111     433
112     345
115     391
117     399
118     433
122     399
123     399
126     383
127     395
128     401
129     371
130     371
131     404
132     433
133     401
134     433
135     449
140     396
140 (R) 396
140 (S) 396
143 (R) 385 (387)
143 (S) 385 (387)
144     400
145     380
147     366
150     444
151     400
157     380
160     414
165     394
166     445
168     396
189     414
190     411
191     420
192     422
193     381
194     423
195     467
196     425
197     447
198     469
199     439
200     492
201     420
202     380
203     431
204     382
205     434
206     379
207     365
208     351
209     395
210     369
211     393
212     406
213     365
214     395
215     408
216     419
217     427
218     387
219     435
220     461
221     437
222     407
223     430
224     458
225     419
226     431
227     429 (431)
228     445
229     450
230     383
231     402
232     366
237     411
239     367
240     419
245     406
392     395
393     394
394     402 (404)
395     409
396     392
397     470
398     381
399     367
400     384

[0086]

TABLE IlI
Table III discloses compounds of formula (Ic):
	(Ic)
8
wherein the variables R1, X, R2 and R3 are as defined in the Table below.
Mass Spectrum details are given for certain compounds of Table III.
Compound No.	R1	m	X	R2	R3	LCMS (MH+)
1	CH2(2,6-(MeO)2—C6H3)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	510
2	CH2(2-(4-NO2—C6H4)-fur-5-yl)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	561
3	CH2(3-OH-4-NO2—C6H3)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	511
4	CH2(2-Et-fur-5-yl)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	468
5	CH2(3-Me—C6H4)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	463
6	CH2(2,4-MeO2-pyrimidin-5-yl)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	512
7	CH2(indol-3-yl)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	489
8	CH2(1-phenyl-pyrrol-3-yl)	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	515
9	(CH2)3phenyl	1	CO	(CH2)2phenyl	NH(2,4-F2—C6H3)	464
10‡	iso-propyl	1	CO	4-Cl—C6H4	benzyl
11	(CH2)2C(C6H5)(4-F—C6H4)OH	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	553
12	(CH2)2CH(CH═CH2)C6H5	1	CO	Me	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	395
13	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)azetidin-1-yl	1	CO	Me	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	424
14	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)pyrrolidin-1-yl	1	CO	Me	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	438
15	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)(4-F—C6H4)	1	CO	Me	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	463
16	(CH2)2CH(4-F—C6H4)2	1	CO	Me	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	481
17	(CH2)2CH(4-F—C6H4)2	1	CO	Me	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	542
18	(CH2)2N(C6H5)2	1	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	532
19	(CH2)2N(C6H5)2	1	CO	Me	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	446
20	(CH2)2N(C6H5)CO(CH2)2(4-OH—	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	591
	C6H4)
21	(CH2)2N(C6H5)CO(2-SMe-	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	595
	pyridin-3-yl)
22	(CH2)2N(C6H5)CO(2-OH-5-F—	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	580 (M-H)
	C6H3)
23	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)NH2	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	458
24	(CH2)2NHC6H5	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	444
25	(CH2)2NHC6H5	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	384
26	(CH2)2CH(OH)C6H5	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	459
27	CH(Me)CH2CH(C6H5)2	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	533
28	CH(Me)(CH2)2C6H5	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	457
29	(CH2)2CH(Me)(3-CF3—C6H4)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	525
30	(CH2)2CH(Me)(3-Cl—C6H4)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	491
31	(CH2)2CH(Me)C6H5	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	457
32	(CH2)2CH(Me)(3,4-Cl2—C6H3)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	525
33	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)2	0	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	477
34	(CH2)2CH(4-Cl—C6H4)4-pyridyl	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	554
35	(CH2)2CH(4-Cl—C6H4)2-pyridyl	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	554
36	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)-(1,3-	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	563
	benzodioxol-5-yl)
37	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)(4-Cl—C6H4)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	553
38	(CH2)2CH(C6115)(3,4-Cl2—C6H3)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	587
39	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)(4-MeO—C6H4)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	549
40	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)(3-Cl—C6H4)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	553
41	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)(4-Me—C6H4)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	533
42	(CH2)2CH(C6H5)(4-CF3—C6H4)	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	587
43	(CH2)2CH(4-F—C6H4)2	1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	555
44	(CH2)2CH(4-F—C6H4)2	1	CO	CH2CH═CH2	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	567
‡Ref: Stefan Sanczuk, Hubert K. F. Hermans (Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V., Beig.). Chemical Abstracts 87: 53094.

[0087]

TABLE IV
Table IV discloses compounds of formula (Id):
	(Id)
9
wherein the variables R14, X, R2 and R3 are as defined in the Table below.
Mass Spectrum details are given for certain compounds in Table IV.
Compound					LCMS
No.	X	R2	R3	R14	(MH+)
1	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	phenyl	562
2	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	iso-Pr	528
3	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH(CH2CH3)2	556
4	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3	556
5	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2C(CH3)3	556
6	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2CH(CH3)2	542
7	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3	556
8	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	Et	514
9	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2CH2CH(CH3)2	556
10	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	n-Pr	528
11	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	1-Me-pyrrol-2-yl	565
12	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	furan-2-yl	552
13	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	tert-Bu	542
14	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	C(CH3)2CH2CH3	556
15	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2OEt	544
16	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	n-Bu	542
17	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	n-pentyl	556
18	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	C(OH)Me2	544
19	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	pyrrol-2-yl	551
20	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	furan-3-yl	552
21	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	thien-2-yl	568
22	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	thien-3-yl	568
23	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	pyrazin-2-yl	564
24	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	pyridin-2-yl	563
25	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	pyridin-3-yl	563
26	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	pyridin-4-yl	563
27	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	3-Me-furan-2-yl	566
28	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2CH2OMe	544
29	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2CH2OEt	558
30	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3	558
31	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-Me-furan-3-yl	566
32	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	4-Me-oxazol-5-yl	567
33	CO	Et	NHCH2C6H5	azetidin-1-yl
34	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
35	CO	Et	NNCH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
36	CO	Et	NHCH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
37	CO	Et	CH2C6H5	azetidin-1-yl
38	CO	Et	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
39	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
40	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
41	CO	allyl	NHCH2C6H5	azetidin-1-yl
42	CO	allyl	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
43	CO	allyl	NHCH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
44	CO	allyl	NHCH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
45	CO	allyl	CH2C6H5	azetidin-1-yl
46	CO	allyl	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
47	CO	allyl	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
48	CO	allyl	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	azetidin-1 -yl
49	CO	cPr	NHCH2C6H5	azetidin-1-yl
50	CO	cPr	NHCH2(4-F—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
51	CO	cPr	NHCH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	azetidin-I-yl
52	CO	cPr	NHCH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
53	CO	cPr	CH2C6H5	azetidin-1-yl
54	CO	cPr	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
55	CO	cPr	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
56	CO	cPr	CH2(4-S(O)2NH2—C6H4)	azetidin-1-yl
57	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-F—C6H4	580
58	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2,6-F2—C6H3	598
59	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-Cl—C6H4	596
60	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-MeO—C6H4	592
61	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	3-CN—C6H4	587
62	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	3-F—C6H4	580
63	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	3-MeO—C6H4	592
64	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	3-Me—C6H4	576
65	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	4-CN—C6H4	587
66	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	4-F—C6H4	580
67	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	4-Cl—C6H4	596
68	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	4-(COCH3)C6H4	604
69	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	4-Me—C6H4	576
70	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH(Me)C6H5	590
71	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2(2-F—C6H4)	594
72	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2(2-MeO—C6H4)	606
73	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2(3-MeO—C6H4)	606
74	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2(4-F—C6H4)	594
75	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH2(4-MeO—C6H4)	606
76	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	indol-5-yl	601
77	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	6-Cl-pyridin-3-yl	597
78	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-NO2—C6H4	607
79	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	3-NO2—C6H4	607
80	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	4-NO2—C6H4	607
81	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	3,4-F2—C6H3	598
82	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	benztriazol-4-yl	603
83	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-Me-pyridin-3-yl	577
84	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	6-Me-pyridin-2-yl	577
85	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	CH(OMe)C6H5	606
86	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	5-Me-pyrazin-2-yl	578
87	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl	604
88	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-OMe-pyridin-3-yl	593
89	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	6-Cl-pyridin-2-yl	597
90	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-Cl-pyridin-4-yl	597
91	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	1H-pyridin-2-on-6-yl	579
92	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	indol-7-yl	601
93	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl	604
94	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	6-CN-pyridin-3-yl	588
95	CO	Et	CH2(4-S(O)2Me—C6H4)	2-F-pyridin-3-yl	581

[0088] The following abbreviations are used in Tables I to IV:

	Me =	methyl	Et =	ethyl
	Pr =	propyl	Bu =	butyl
	cPr =	cyclopropyl	cBu =	cyclobutyl

[0089] The compounds of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id) can be prepared as shown in the processes on pages marked Schemes 1 to 14 below. (In Scheme 10 suitable coupling agents include HATU (O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate) and PyBROP (bromo-tris-pyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) which may be employed according to Example 26.) The starting materials for these processes are either commercially available or can be prepared either by literature methods or by adapting literature methods. In the Schemes the variables R1*, R2* and R3* have been used where the group R1, R2 or R3 is, respectively, CH2R1*, CH2R2* or CH2R3*; Ac is CH3C(O); and Ar1 and Ar2 denote aromatic rings which are optionally substituted. Although Schemes 1-14 are depicted for m and p=1, and R4, R5, R6 and R7 as hydrogen, it is clear that they can be readily adapted for alternative values of m, p, R4, R5, R6 and R7.

[0090] In a further aspect the invention provides processes for preparing the compounds of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) and (Id). Many of the intermediates in the processes are novel and these are provided as further features of the invention.

[0091] The compounds of the invention have activity as pharmaceuticals, in particular as modulators (such as agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists or antagonists) of chemokine receptor (especially CCR5) activity, and may be used in the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory, proliferative or hyperproliferative diseases, or immunologically-mediated diseases (including rejection of transplanted organs or tissues and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)). Examples of these conditions are:

[0092] (1) (the respiratory tract) obstructive diseases of airways including: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (such as irreversible COPD); pulmonary fibrosis; asthma {such as bronchial, allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic or dust asthma, particularly chronic or inveterate asthmia (for example late asthma or airways hyper-responsiveness)}; bronchitis {such as eosinophilic bronchitis}; acute, allergic, atrophic rhinitis or chronic rhinitis including rhinitis caseosa, hypertrophic rhinitis, rhinitis purulenta, rhinitis sicca or rhinitis medicamentosa; membranous rhinitis including croupous, fibrinous or pseudomembranous rhinitis or scrofoulous rhinitis; seasonal rhinitis including rhinitis nervosa (hay fever) or vasomotor rhinitis; sarcoidosis; farmer's lung and related diseases; nasal polyposis; fibroid lung or idiopathic interstitial pneumonia;

[0093] (2) (bone and joints) artbrides including rheumatic, infectious, autoimmune, seronegative spondyloarthropathies (such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or Reiter's disease), Behcet's disease, Sjogren's syndrome or systemic sclerosis;

[0094] (3) (skin and eyes) psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis or other eczmatous dermitides, seborrhoetic dermatitis, Lichen planus, Phemphigus, bullous Phemphigus, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angiodermas, vasculitides erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, uveitis, Alopecia areata or vernal conjunctivitis;

[0095] (4) (gastrointestinal tract) Coeliac disease, proctitis, eosinophilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel disease or food-related allergies which have effects remote from the gut (for example migraine, rhinitis or eczema);

[0096] (5) (Allograft rejection) acute and chronic following, for example, transplantation of kidney, heart, liver, lung, bone marrow, skin or cornea; or chronic graft versus host disease; and/or

[0097] (6) (other tissues or diseases) Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, inhibiting the entry of viruses into target cells, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Lupus disorders (such as lupus erythematosus or systemic lupus), erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, eosinophilia fascitis, hyper IgE syndrome, leprosy (such as lepromatous leprosy), Peridontal disease, Sezary syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenia pupura, disorders of the menstrual cycle, glomerulonephritis or cerebral malaria.

[0098] The compounds of the present invention are also of value in inhibiting the entry of viruses (such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) into target calls and, therefore, are of value in the prevention of infection by viruses (such as HIV), the treatment of infection by viruses (such as HIV) and the prevention and/or treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

[0099] According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof, for use in a method of treatment of a warm blooded animal (such as man) by therapy (including prophylaxis).

[0100] According to a further feature of the present invention there is provided a method for modulating chemokine receptor activity (especially CCR5 receptor activity) in a warm blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof.

[0101] The present invention also provides the use of a compound of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof, as a medicament, especially a medicament for the treatment of transplant rejection, respiratory disease, psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis (especially rheumatoid arthritis). [Respiratory disease is, for example, COPD, asthma {such as bronchial, allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic or dust asthma, particularly chronic or inveterate asthma (for example late asthma or airways hyper-responsiveness)} or rhinitis {acute, allergic, atrophic rhinitis or chronic rhinitis including rhinitis caseosa, hypertrophic rhinitis, rhinitis purulenta, rhinitis sicca or rhinitis medicamentosa; membranous rhinitis including croupous, fibrinous or pseudomembranous rhinitis or scrofoulous rhinitis; seasonal rhinitis including rhinitis nervosa (hay fever) or vasomotor rhinitis}; and is particularly asthma or rhinitis].

[0102] In another aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy (for example modulating chemokine receptor activity (especially CCR5 receptor activity (especially rheumatoid arthritis)) in a warm blooded animal, such as man).

[0103] The invention also provides a compound of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof, for use as a medicament, especially a medicament for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

[0104] In another aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib) or (Ic), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy (for example modulating chemokine receptor activity (especially CCR5 receptor activity (especially rheumatoid arthritis)) in a warm blooded animal, such as man).

[0105] The invention further provides the use of a compound of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of:

[0106] (1) (the respiratory tract) obstructive diseases of airways including: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (such as irreversible COPD); asthma {such as bronchial, allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic or dust asthma, particularly chronic or inveterate asthma (for example late asthma or airways hyper-responsiveness)}; bronchitis {such as eosinophilic bronchitis}; acute, allergic, atrophic rhinitis or chronic rhinitis including rhinitis caseosa, hypertrophic rhinitis, rhinitis purulenta, rhinitis sicca or rhinitis medicamentosa; membranous rhinitis including croupous, fibrinous or pseudomembranous rhinitis or scrofoulous rhinitis; seasonal rhinitis including rhinitis nervosa (hay fever) or vasomotor rhinitis; sarcoidosis; farmer's lung and related diseases; nasal polyposis; fibroid lung or idiopathic interstitial pneumonia;

[0107] (2) (bone and joints) arthrides including rheumatic, infectious, autoimmune, seronegative spondyloarthropathies (such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or Reiter's disease), Behget's disease, Sjogren's syndrome or systemic sclerosis;

[0108] (3) (skin and eyes) psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis or other eczmatous dermitides, seborrhoetic dermatitis, Lichen planus, Phemphigus, bullous Phemphigus, Epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angiodermas, vasculitides erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, uveitis, Alopecia areata or vernal conjunctivitis;

[0109] (4) (gastrointestinal tract) Coeliac disease, proctitis, eosinophilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel disease or food-related allergies which have effects remote from the gut (for example migraine, rhinitis or eczema);

[0110] (5) (Allograft rejection) acute and chronic following, for example, transplantation of kidney, heart, liver, lung, bone marrow, skin or cornea; or chronic graft versus host disease; and/or

[0111] (6) (other tissues or diseases) Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Lupus disorders (such as lupus erythematosus or systemic lupus), erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, eosinophilia fascitis, hyper IgE syndrome, leprosy (such as lepromatous leprosy), Peridontal disease, Sezary syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenia pupura or disorders of the menstrual cycle;

[0112] in a warm blooded animal, such as man.

[0113] The present invention further provides a method of treating a chemokine mediated disease state (especially a CCR5 mediated disease state) in a warm blooded animal, such as man, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or solvate thereof.

[0114] In order to use a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or solvate thereof, for the therapeutic treatment of a warm blooded animal, such as man, in particular modulating chemokine receptor (for example CCR5 receptor) activity, said ingredient is normally formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition.

[0115] Therefore in another aspect the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvate thereof (active ingredient), and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier. In a further aspect the present invention provides a process for the preparation of said composition which comprises mixing active ingredient with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier. Depending on the mode of administration, the pharmaceutical composition will preferably comprise from 0.05 to 99% w (per cent by weight), more preferably from 0.05 to 80% w, still more preferably from 0.10 to 70% w, and even more preferably from 0.10 to 50% w, of active ingredient, all percentages by weight being based on total composition.

[0116] The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered in standard manner for the disease condition that it is desired to treat, for example by topical (such as to the lung and/or airways or to the skin), oral, rectal or parenteral administration. For these purposes the compounds of this invention may be formulated by means known in the art into the form of, for example, aerosols, dry powder formulations, tablets, capsules, syrups, powders, granules, aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions, (lipid) emulsions, dispersible powders, suppositories, ointments, creams, drops and sterile injectable aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions.

[0117] A suitable pharmaceutical composition of this invention is one suitable for oral administration in unit dosage form, for example a tablet or capsule which contains between 0.1 mg and 1 g of active ingredient.

[0118] In another aspect a pharmaceutical composition of the invention is one suitable for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.

[0119] Each patient may receive, for example, an intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular dose of 0.01 mgkg−1 to 100 mgkg−7 of the compound, preferably in the range of 0.1 mgkg−1 to 20 mgkg−1 of this invention, the composition being administered 1 to 4 times per day. The intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular dose may be given by means of a bolus injection. Alternatively the intravenous dose may be given by continuous infusion over a period of time. Alternatively each patient will receive a daily oral dose which is approximately equivalent to the daily parenteral dose, the composition being administered 1 to 4 times per day.

[0120] The following illustrate representative pharmaceutical dosage forms containing the compound of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a solvent thereof (hereafter Compound X), for therapeutic or prophylactic use in humans:

(a)
Tablet I              mg/tablet
Compound X            100
Lactose Ph. Eur.      179
Croscarmellose sodium 12.0
Polyvinylpyrrolidone  6
Magnesium stearate    3.0

[0121]

(b)
Tablet II             mg/tablet
Compound X            50
Lactose Ph. Eur.      229
Croscarmellose sodium 12.0
Polyvinylpyrrolidone  6
Magnesium stearate    3.0

[0122]

(c)
Tablet III            mg/tablet
Compound X            1.0
Lactose Ph. Eur.      92
Croscarmellose sodium 4.0
Polyvinylpyrrolidone  2.0
Magnesium stearate    1.0

[0123]

(d)
Capsule               mg/capsule
Compound X            10
Lactose Ph. Eur.      389
Croscarmellose sodium 100
Magnesium stearate    1.0

[0124]

(e)
Injection I               (50 mg/ml)
Compound X                5.0% w/v
Isotonic aqueous solution to 100%

[0125] Buffers, pharmaceutically-acceptable cosolvents such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol or ethanol or complexing agents such as hydroxy-propyl β-cyclodextrin may be used to aid formulation.

[0126] The above formulations may be obtained by conventional procedures well known in the pharmaceutical art. The tablets (a)-(c) may be enteric coated by conventional means, for example to provide a coating of cellulose acetate phthalate.

[0127] The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples in which, unless stated otherwise:

[0128] (i) temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (° C.); operations were carried out at room or ambient temperature, that is, at a temperature in the range of 18-25° C.;

[0129] (ii) organic solutions were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate; evaporation of solvent was carried out using a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure (600-4000 Pascals; 4.5-30 mm Hg) with a bath temperature of up to 60° C.;

[0130] (iii) chromatography unless otherwise stated means flash chromatography on silica gel; thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on silica gel plates; where a “Bond Elut” column is referred to, this means a column containing 10 g or 20 g of silica of 40 micron particle size, the silica being contained in a 60 ml disposable syringe and supported by a porous disc, obtained from Varian, Harbor City, Calif., USA under the name “Mega Bond Elut SI”. Where an “Isolute™ SCX column” is referred to, this means a column containing benzenesulphonic acid (non-endcapped) obtained from International Sorbent Technology Ltd., 1st House, Duffryn Industial Estate, Ystrad Mynach, Hengoed, Mid Clamorgan, UK. Where “Argonaut™ PS-tris-amine scavenger resin” is referred to, this means a tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine polystyrene resin obtained from Argonaut Technologies Inc., 887 Industrial Road, Suite G, San Carlos, Calif., USA.

[0131] (iv) in general, the course of reactions was followed by TLC and reaction times are given for illustration only;

[0132] (v) yields, when given, are for illustration only and are not necessarily those which can be obtained by diligent process development; preparations were repeated if more material was required;

[0133] (vi) when given, 1H NMR data is quoted and is in the form of delta values for major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard, determined at 300 MHz using perdeuterio DMSO (CD3SOCD3) as the solvent unless otherwise stated; coupling constants (J) are given in Hz;

[0134] (vii) chemical symbols have their usual meanings; SI units and symbols are used;

[0135] (viii) solvent ratios are given in percentage by volume;

[0136] (ix) mass spectra (MS) were run with an electron energy of 70 electron volts in the chemical ionisation (APCI) mode using a direct exposure probe; where indicated ionisation was effected by electrospray (ES); where values for m/z are given, generally only ions which indicate the parent mass are reported, and unless otherwise stated the mass ion quoted is the positive mass ion—(M+H)+;

[0137] (x) LCMS characterisation was performed using a pair of Gilson 306 pumps with Gilson 233 XL sampler and Waters ZMD4000 mass spectrometer. The LC comprised water symmetry 4.6×50 column C18 with 5 micron particle size. The eluents were: A, water with 0.05% formic acid and B, acetonitrile with 0.05% formic acid. The eluent gradient went from 95% A to 95% B in 6 minutes. Where indicated ionisation was effected by electrospray (ES); where values for m/z are given, generally only ions which indicate the parent mass are reported, and unless otherwise stated the mass ion quoted is the positive mass ion—(M+H)+ and

[0138] (xi) the following abbreviations are used:

DMSO  dimethyl sulphoxide;
DMF   N-dimethylformamide;
DCM   dichloromethane;
THF   tetrahdydrofuran;
DIPEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine;
NMP   N-methylpyrrolidinone;
HATU  O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium
      hexafluorophosphate;
Boc   tert-butoxycarbonyl
MeOH  methanol;
EtOH  ethanol; and
EtOAc ethyl acetate.

EXAMPLE 1

[0139] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methylisonicotinamide (Compound No. 1 of Table I).

[0140] To a solution of isonicotinic acid (0.6 mg, 5 μM) in NMP (50 μL) was added a solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine dihydrochloride (Method A) (1.9 mg, 5 μM) and diisopropylethylamine (8 μL, 45 μM) in NMP (50 μL) followed by a solution of bromo-tris-pyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (4.7 mg, 10 μM) in NMP (100 μL). After 15 h the reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 415.

[0141] The method of Example 1 can be repeated using different acids in place of isonicotinic acid, or different piperidines (such as 4-methylamino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine dihydrochloride (Method B), 4-propargylamino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (Method C), 4-allylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (Method D), 4-allylamino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (Method E) or 4-(cyclopropylmethyl)amino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (Method R)) in place of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine dihydrochloride.

EXAMPLE 2

[0142] This Example illustrates the preparation of N′-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2,6-dimethoxybenzyl)piperidin-4-yl]-N-phemethylurea (Compound No. 1 of Table III).

[0143] To a solution of 2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (1.7 mg, 10 μM) in NMP (100 μL) was added a solution of 4-piperidinyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2,4-difluorophenylurea.trifluoroacetic acid (Method F) (2.4 mg, 5 μM) and diisopropylethylamine (1 μL, 5.5 μM) in NMP (100 μL). After 1.5 h a solution of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2.8 mg, 15 μM) in acetonitrile: NMP, 1:1 (100 μL) was added. After 16 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 510.

[0144] The procedure described in Example 2 can be repeated using different aldehydes in place of 2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or other piperidines (such as 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine.dihydrochloric acid (Method A) or 4-amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine.ditrifluoroacetic acid (Method G)) in place of 4-piperidinyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)-2,4-difluorophenylurea trifluoroacetic acid.

EXAMPLE 3

[0145] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-piperidin4-yl]-N-methyl-2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulphonamide (Compound No. 53 of Table I).

[0146] To a solution of 2-trifluoromethoxybenzenesulphonyl chloride (1.3 mg, 5 μM) in acetonitrile (50 μL) was added a solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-piperidine.dihydrochloride (Method A) (1.9 mg, 5 μM) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.8 μL, 10 μM) in pyridine (50 μL). After 15 h the reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 533.

[0147] The procedure described in Example 3 can be repeated using different sulphonylchlorides (such as 4-acetamido,3-chlorobenzenesulphonyl chloride) in place of 2-trifluoromethoxybenzenesulphonyl chloride or different piperidines (such as 4amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine.ditrifluoroacetic acid (Method G)) in place of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine dihydrochloride.

EXAMPLE 4

[0148] This Example illustrates the preparation of N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidin-4-yl]-N-methylurea (Compound No. 68 of Table I).

[0149] A solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine.dihydrochloride (Method A) (1.9 mg, 5 μM) and DIPEA (1.8 μL, 10 μM) in DCM (100 μL) was added to 3,4-dichlorophenylisocyanate (19 mg, 0.1 mM). After 15 h DCM (800 μL) was added and Argonaut™ PS-tris-amine scavenger resin (0.66 g) was added and the reaction mixture agitated. The resin swelled considerably and the mixture was left to stand in order for the DCM to evaporate. Methanol (0.5 ml) was added and the mixture agitated; the organic layer was then transferred to another vessel and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil, which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 496.

[0150] The procedure described in Example 4 can be repeated using various isocyanates or carbamoyl chlorides in place of 3,4-dichlorophenylisocyanate or other piperidines (such as 4-amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine.ditrifluoroacetic acid (Method G), 4-amino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine ditrifluoroacetic acid salt (Method H)) in place of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine dihydrochloride.

EXAMPLE 5

[0151] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-N-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide (Compound No. 96 of Table I).

[0152] A solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (the free base of the compound described in Method A) (0.1 g, 0.32 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 ml) was added to 2-thiophene carboxylic acid (1.0 mmol). To the resulting mixture was added a solution of diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.15 ml, 1.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.0 ml) followed by a solution of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.135 g, 1.0 mmol) in DMF (2.0 ml) and the resulting mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then applied to an ISOLUTE™ SCX column (5 g) which was then washed with MeOH (30 ml) followed by a 1:4 mixture of aqueous ammonia and methanol (30 ml). Evaporation of the final wash gave the title compound as an oil (101 mg, 75% yield); MS: 419.

[0153] The procedure described in Example 5 can be repeated using different carboxylic acids in place of 2-thiophene carboxylic acid or other piperidines (such as 4-amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (free base from Method G), 4-methylamino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (free base from Method B) or 4-amino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (free base from Method H)) in place of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine.

EXAMPLE 6

[0154] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-(N-methyl)-3-chlorophenylurea (Compound 144 of Table I).

[0155] A solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (the free base of the compound described in Method A) (0.1 g; 0.32 mmol) in DCM (4.0 ml) was added to 3-chlorophenyl isocyanate (1.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then applied to an ISOLUTE™ SCX column (5 g) which was then washed with methanol (30 ml) followed by a 1:4 mixture of aqueous ammonia and MeOH (30 ml). Evaporation of the final wash gave the product as an oil (112 mg, 76% yield); MS: 462.

[0156] The procedure described in Example 6 can be repeated using different isocyanates or carbamoyl chlorides in place of 3-chlorophenylisocyanate or other piperidines (such as 4-methylamino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (free base from Method B)) in place of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine.

EXAMPLE 7

[0157] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenylacetamide (Compound No. 268 of Table I).

[0158] To a solution of 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (0.8 mg, 511 mol) in NMP (50 μL) was added a solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine dihydrochloride (Method A) (1.9 mg, 5 μmol) and DIPEA (8 μL, 45 μmol) in NMP (50 μL) followed by a solution of bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (4.7 mg, 10 μmol) in NMP (100 μL). After 15 h the reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 533.

EXAMPLE 8

[0159] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-allyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide (Compound No. 269 of Table I).

[0160] To 4-fluorophenylacetic acid (1 mmol) was added 4-allylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (0.1 g; 0.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml). A solution of 1-hydroxybenztiazole (0.135 g; 0.1 mmol) in DMF (2 ml) and di-isopropyl-carbodiimide (0.126 ml; 1 mmol) in DCM was then added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was then applied to an ISOLUTE™ SCX cartridge (5 g) and washed with methanol (30 ml). The product was then eluted with 15% methylamine in ethanol. Purification was achieved by BondElut chromatography eluting with a solvent mixture of DCM to 5% methanol in DCM yielding the title compound (72 mg, 50%), which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 471.

EXAMPLE 9

[0161] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylacetamide (Compound No. 282 of Table I).

[0162] To a solution of 4-trifluoromethoxyphenylacetic acid (188 mg, 0.92 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml) was added 1-hydroxybenztriazole (124 mg) followed by diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.14 ml) and DMF (1 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, then a solution of 4-ethylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (147 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight then purified by eluting through an ISOLUTE™ SCX column with methanol followed by 2% aqueous ammonia in methanol. The product was then dissolved in ethyl acetate (2 ml) and treated with 1M HCl in diethyl ether (4 ml) giving the hydrochloride salt which was isolated by filtration, yielding N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylacetamide hydrochloride as a foam, 210 mg, 87%; NMR: 1.1 (m,3H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 3.0 (m, 4H), 3.5 (m, 5H), 3.8 (m, 4H), 4.3 (m, 1H), 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.3 (m, 12H); MS: 525.

EXAMPLE 10

[0163] This Example illustrates the preparation of N′-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methylurea (Compound No. 388 of Table I).

[0164] To 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (0.75 mmol) was added a solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (0.19 g; 0.5 mmol) in DCM (4 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting reaction mixture was then applied to an ISOLUTE™ SCX cartridge (5 g) and washed with methanol (30 ml). The product was then eluted using a 4:1 mixture of methanol and aqueous ammonia. Purification was achieved by BondElut chromatography eluting with a solvent mixture of DCM to 5% methanol in DCM to give the title compound (26 mg, 11%) which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 446.

EXAMPLE 11

[0165] This Example illustrates the preparation of N′-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phemethylurea (Compound No. 314 of Table I).

[0166] To a solution of N′-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-phemethylurea trifluoroacetic acid salt (300 mg, 0.63 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was added 3,3-diphenyl-1-bromopropane (360 mg, 1.26 mmol) followed by DIPEA (0.442 ml, 2.52 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and dichloromethane, the organic phase was washed with water, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The residue was purified by eluting through a silica gel cartridge with ethyl acetate followed by 5% ethanol in ethyl acetate to give the title compound as a gum, 80 mg; NMR: 1.6 (m, 6H), 4.9 (m, 5H), 2.2 (m, 3H), 2.8 (m, 3H), 3.9 (m, 2H), 7.0 (m, 1H), 7.2 (m, 15H), 7.4 (m, 1H), 8.0 (s, 1H); MS: 554.

EXAMPLE 12

[0167] This Example illustrates the preparation of N′-(4-trifluoromethylphenylmethyl)-N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethylurea (Compound No. 323 of Table I).

[0168] A solution of 4-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (0.8 mmol) in dry THF (2.0 ml) was cooled to 0° C. and triethylamine (0.11 ml; 0.8 mmol) in THF (1.0 ml) and diphenylphosphorylazide (0.17 ml; 0.8 mmol) in THF (2 ml) were added. Stirring was continued for 30 min. The mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature before toluene (5 ml) was added and the mixture heated to 100° C. for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, a solution of4-ethylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (0.2 g; 0.6 mmol) in ethyl acetate (2 ml) was added and the mixture allowed to stir at room temperature for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then washed with aq. NaHCO3 solution, dried and evaporated. Purification was by passage through a BondElut cartridge (Si) eluting with a gradient from 0-5% methanol in DCM, yielding the title compound (153 mg, 49%) which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 524.

EXAMPLE 13

[0169] This Example illustrates the preparation of pyrrolidine carboxylic acid N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl amide (Compound No. 391 of Table I).

[0170] To diethylcarbamoyl chloride (0.75 mmol) was added a solution of 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (0.19 g; 0.5 mmol) in DCM (4 ml) followed by triethylamine (0.14 ml; 1 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting reation mixture was then applied to an ISOLUTE™ SCX cartridge (5 g) and washed with methanol (30 ml). The product was then eluted using a 4:1 mixture of methanol and 0.88 aqueous ammonia. Purification was achieved by BondElut chromatography eluting with a solvent mixture of DCM to 5% methanol in DCM to give the product (79 mg, 39%) which was characterised by LCMS; MS: 406.

EXAMPLE 14

[0171] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-(cyclopropylaminosulfonyl)phenylacetamide (Compound No. 354 of Table I).

[0172] N-[1-(3,3-Diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorosulfonylphenylacetamide (0.005 mmol, in 100 μL MeCN) and cyclopropylamine (0.01 mmol in 100 μL MeCN) were mixed and allowed to stand overnight. The solvent was then evaporated to dryness under Genevac high vacuum.

EXAMPLE 15

[0173] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyethylaminocarbonyl)phenylacetamide hydrochloride (Compound No. 385 of Table I).

[0174] A mixture of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-methoxycarbonylphenylacetaride (0.1 g; 0.2 mmol) was heated at 60° C. in a mixture of ethanolamine (1.0 mL) and acetonitrile (1.0 mL) for 12 hours. After cooling the mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (5 mL) and water (8 mL). The organic layer was washed a further twice with water and dried (Na2SO4) before purification on a silica BondElut, eluting with a gradient from 5-25% methanol in dichloromethane. The purified product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and treated with HCl in diethyl ether before evaporation to give the title compound as a solid (68 mg, 62%) which was characterised by LC-MS; MS: 514.

EXAMPLE 16

[0175] This Example illustrates the preparation of 4(2-[4-methanesulfonylphenyl])-pentenoic acid N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)4-piperidinyl]amide hydrochloride salt (Compound No. 390 of Table I).

[0176] To a cooled (5° C.) solution of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (1.61 g, 3.28 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added sodium hydride (131 mg 60% dispersion, 3.6 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 minutes before the addition of allyl bromide (0.3 mL, 3.44 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then quenched with water. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate and the combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent 3% MeOH in DCM). The crude product was treated with ethereal HCl to afford the title compound (0.902 g); NMR (CDCl3): 1.2 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 2.3 (m, 4H), 2.5 (m, 1H), 2.8 (m, 3H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.4 (m, 1H), 3.8 (m, 1H), 4.0 (dd, 1H), 5.1 (m, 2H), 5.4 (d, 1H, 5.7 (m, 1H), 7.2 (m, 10H), 7.6 (d, 2H), 7.9 (d, 2H); MS: 531.

EXAMPLE 17

[0177] This Example illustrates the preparation of N′-phenylmethyl-N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-allylurea (Compound No. 245 of Table II).

[0178] 3-Phenylbutyraldehyde (0.2 g, 1.36 mmol) was added to a solution of N′-phenylmethyl-N-[piperidin-4-yl]-N-allylurea hydrochloride (370 mg, 1.36 mmol) in methanol (20 ml). After 15 mins sodium triacetoxyborohydride (430 mg, 2.0 mmol) was added portionwise over 15 mins and the reaction was left to stir for 16 h. Water (5 ml) was added to the mixture and the methanol was removed in vacuo. The solution was diluted with water (30 ml), and partitioned with EtOAc (2×40 ml). The organic fractions were combined and washed with brine (30 ml), dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The oil was dissolved in MeOH (5 ml) and then applied to an ISOLUTE™ SCX column (5 g) which was then washed with MeOH (30 ml) followed by a 1:4 mixture of aqueous ammonia and methanol (30 ml). Addition of ethereal HCl to the final wash, followed by evaporation gave the title compound as a gum (152 mg, 0.38 mmol); MS: 406.

EXAMPLE 18

[0179] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-[4fluorophenyl]-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 11 of Table III).

[0180] To a solution of N-[1-(3-[4-fluorophenyl]-3-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide hydrochloride (470 mg, 0.92 mmol) in THF (40 mL) under an inert atmosphere was added phenylmagnesium bromide (10 mL, 1 M in THF) at room temperature. After stirring for 1 h saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The title compound was obtained by silica column chromatography, eluting with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate yielding 120 mg. NMR (CDCl3): 1.18 and 1.23 (t, 3H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, 4H), 3.68 and 3.78 (s, 2H), 4.73 (t, 2H), 6.97 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.4 (m, 9H), 7.90 (d, 2H); MS: 553.

EXAMPLE 19

[0181] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-phenyl-4-pentenyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide (Compound No. 12 of Table III).

[0182] 5-Bromo-3-phenylpent-1-ene (131 mg, 0.58 mmol), 4-(N-(4-fluorophenyl-acetamido)-N-methyl)aminopiperidine (73 mg, 0.29 mmol), potassium carbonate (120 mg, 0.87 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (5 mg) were stirred in DMF (3 ml). After 16 h, water was added and the mixture extracted with EtOAc (2×20 ml). The organics were combined and washed with water, dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent DCM, followed by 2.5% EtOW/DCM and finally 5% EtOH/DCM) to afford the title compound as an oil (55 mg, 0.14 mmol); MS: 395.

EXAMPLE 20

[0183] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-azetidinylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide dihydrochloride (Compound No. 13 of Table III).

[0184] To a solution of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-chloropropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide (120 mg, 0.3 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added azetidine (0.12 mL, 1.8 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was washed with water, dried (MgSO4) concentrated, and purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent 5% MeOH/DCM followed by 10% MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound as an oil which was then treated with ethereal HCl to provide N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-azetidinylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide dihydrochloride as a white solid (35 mg, 24%); NMR (d6-DMSO, 373K): 1.5-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.85-2.1 (m, 4H), 2.55-2.9 (m, 8H), 3.1-3.2 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.6-3.75 (m, 5H), 4.1-4.2 (m, 2H), 7.0-7.1 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.3 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.5 (m, 5H); MS: 424.

EXAMPLE 21

[0185] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-[4-fluorophenyl]propyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 15 of Table III).

[0186] To a solution of 4-(N-(4-fluorophenylacetamido)-N-methyl)aminopiperidine (143 mg, 1.74 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added 3-phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-bromopropane (Method V) (420 mg, 1.5 mmol) and K2CO3 (300 mg). The reaction was then stirred overnight and poured onto water (20 mL). Extracted into EtOAc, washed with water (20 mL), brine (20 mL), and dried over MgSO4. The solvents were evaporated and the crude product was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent 5% MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound as a sticky gum, (148 mg, 20%); NMR: 1.65 (2H, m), 2.20 (1H, broad t), 3.2-2.6 (9H, m), 3.8-3.6 (6H, m), 4.10 (1H, m) and 7.4-7.2 (13H, m); MS: 463.

EXAMPLE 22

[0187] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-di-[4-fluorophenyl]propyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 16 of Table III).

[0188] To a DMF solution of 1-(3,3-di-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl)-4-(methylamino)piperidine (250 mg, 0.72 mmol, in 5 mL) was added 4-fluorophenylacetic acid (115 mg, 0.75 mmol), HATU (285 mg, 0.75 mmol), and DIPEA (130 μl). The reaction was stirred overnight and poured into water (20 mL). The organics were extracted into EtOAc (20 mL) and dried over MgSO4. The desired product was then precipitated from the EtOAc by addition of 2M HCl in Et2O, to afford a pale yellow gum (139 mg, 46%); NMR: 1.60 (2H, m), 2.20 (2H, m), 2.75 (3H, s), 3.3-3.7 (12H, m), 6.80 (2H, m) and 7.3-7.0 (10H, m); MS: 481.

EXAMPLE 23

[0189] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(N,N-diphenyl-2-ethylamino)-4-piperidinyl]-N-allyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 18 of Table III).

[0190] To a mixture of N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-allyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (0.25 g, 0.74 mmol) and 4-methyl-2-pentanone (10 μL) was added potassium carbonate (0.31 g), potassium iodide (100 mg) and N-(2-bromoethyl)diphenylamine (0.21 g) and the resulting mixture was stirred and heated to reflux for 18 h. After cooling, water was added and the volatiles removed by evaporation. The residue was extracted three times with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were dried and concentrated to give an oil which was purified by eluting through a silica gel column with 1% methanol in dichloromethane then 5% methanol in dichloromethane to give the title compound (73 mg); NMR: 1.5 (m, 4H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 3.1 (s, 3H), 3.8 (m, 7H), 3.9 (s, 2H), 5.1 (m, 2H), 5.8 (m, 1H), 6.9 (m, 6H), 7.2 (m, 4H), 7.4 (d, 2H), 7.8 (d, 2H); MS: 532.

EXAMPLE 24

[0191] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(N-phenyl-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylcarbonyl]-2-ethylamino)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 20 of Table III).

[0192] To 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (0.1 mmol) was added DMF (5 μL) followed by oxalyl chloride (1 mL of a 0.1M solution in DCM, 0.1 mmol) and the resulting mixture was shaken at room temperature for 2 h. 100 μL Of this mixture was then added to 100 μL of a solution of N-[1-(N-phenyl-2-ethylamino)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (230 mg, 0. mmol) and triethylamine (0.334 mL, 2.4 mmol) in DCM (12 mL). The resulting mixture left at room temperature for 20 h then water (250 μL) and DCM (250 μL) were added and the mixture was shaken. The aqueous phase was removed and the organic phase was concentrated giving the title compound which was characterised by LC-MS; MS: 591.

EXAMPLE 25

[0193] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-aminopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide dihydrochloride (Compound No. 23 of Table III).

[0194] To a solution of 3-phenyl-3-Bocaminopropanal (513 mg, 2.0 mmol) and N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (645 mg, 2.0 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) was added acetic acid (0.2 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (844 mg, 4.0 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h then evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and water, and the organic phase was washed with brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was suspended in 4M HCl in dioxane (20 mL) and methanol (5 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 7 h, then cooled to room temperature and concentrated giving an oily residue which was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent 5% MeOH/DCM then 10% MeOH/DCM) yielding the title compound as a solid (675 mg); NMR (d6 DMSO at 373K): 1.1 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 3.2 (m, 4H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.9 (s, 2H), 4.0 (m, 1H), 4.4 (m, 1H), 7.4 (m, 3H), 7.5 (m, 4H), 7.9 (m, 2H); MS: 458.

EXAMPLE 26

[0195] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-benzoylaminopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 1 of Table IV).

[0196] A solution of benzoic acid (0.005 mmol) in NMP (50 μL) was added to a solution of HATU (0.01 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.03 mmol) in NMP (100 μL). To the resulting mixture was added N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-aminopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide dihydrochloride (Example 25; 0.005 mmol) in NMP (100 μL). The mixture was left at room temperature for 18 h, then evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM (250 μL) and water (250 μL) and the phases separated. The organic phase was concentrated giving the title compound which was characterised by LC-MS; MS: 562.

EXAMPLE 27

[0197] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(N-Phenyl-2-ethylamino)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 24 of Table III).

[0198] To a mixture of N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (2.0 g, 6.2 mmol) and N-(2-chloroethyl)aniline hydrochloride (1.2 g, 6.2 mmol) (J. Med. Chem. 1965, 173) in 4-methyl-2-pentanone (15 mL) was added potassium carbonate (2.56 g, 18.6 mmol) and potassium iodide (150 mg, 0.9 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at reflux for 20 h. After cooling to room temperature the solid was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated. The residue was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent 5% MeOH/DCM) to afford, after trituration with diethyl ether, the title compound as a white solid (1.30 g, 50%); NMR (d6 DMSO, 373K): 1.1 (t, 3H), 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 5H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.8 (s, 2H), 5.0 (m, 1H), 6.6 (m, 3H), 7.1 (dd, 2H), 7.5 (d, 2H), 7.8 (d, 2H); MS: 444.

[0199] Compound No. 25 of Table III was prepared according to the method of Example 27 using N-(4-pipenrdinyl)-N-ethyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide. NMR: 1.0 and 1.5 (t, 3H), 1.3 (m, 1H) 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 3.2 (m, 2H), 3.6 and 3.7 (s, 2H), 4.1 (m, 1H), 5.2 (br s, 1H), 6.5 (m, 3H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 7.1 (dd, 2H), 7.2 (m, 2H); MS: 384.

EXAMPLE 28

[0200] This Example illustrates the preparation of Compound No. 26 of Table III.

[0201] To a solution of N-[1-(3-phenyl]-3-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide hydrochloride (5.00 g, 10.1 mmol) in methanol (150 mL) was added sodium borohydride (0.96 g, 25.4 mmol) portionwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was evaporated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (gradient elution from ethyl acetate to 50% ethyl acetate/MeOH) to give the title compound (3.92 g, 84%); NMR: (CDCl3): 1.14 and 1.23 (t, 3H), 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 1H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.66 (m, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.31 (q, 2H), 3.57 and 4.49 (m, 1H), 3.79 and 3.80 (s, 2H), 4.94 (m, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 4H), 7.44 (d, 2H) and 7.90 (d, 2H); MS: 459.

EXAMPLE 29

[0202] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(4,4-diphenyl-but-2-yl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide hydrochloride (Compound No. 27 of Table III).

[0203] N-(4-Piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (323 mg, 1 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL). Acetic acid (1 ml) and 4,4-diphenyl-2-butanone (384 mg, 1.5 mmol) was added followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (516 mg, 2.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 days. Water (10 ml) was added and the layers separated. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent 5% MeOH/DCM). The resultant oily residue was dissolved in a small amount of DCM, 1M HCl in diethyl ether was added and the mixture concentrated to yield the title compound as a white solid (120 mg, 22%); NMR (d6-DMSO, 373K): 1.0-1.2 (m, 6H), 1.5-2.1 (m, 6H), 2.5-3.0 (m, 6H), 3.1 (s, 3H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.8 (s, 2Hs), 4.1 (t, 1H) 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.4 (m, 8H), 7.5 (d, 2H), 7.9 (d, 2H); MS: 533.

EXAMPLE 30

[0204] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(4-phenyl-but-2-yl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 28 of Table III).

[0205] To a mixture of N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (324 mg, 1 mmol), 4-phenyl-2-butanone (0.22 ml, 1.5 mmol), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (318 mg, 1.5 mmol) and acetic acid (0.11 ml, 2 mmol) in DCM (8 ml) was added a little MgSO4 and the resulting mixture heated to reflux for 48 h. The reaction mixture was eluted through a column of silica gel (isohexane then 89% DCM/10% MeOH/10% NH4OH) yielding the title compound (60 mg); NMR (CDCl3): 1.1 and 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.6 (br m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 1H), 2.0 (s, 2H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 2.6 (br m, 3H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.2 (br m, 2H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.8 (s, 2H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 7.2 (m, 3H), 7.3 (m, 2H), 7.4 (m, 2H) and 7.9 (m, 2H); MS: 457.

EXAMPLE 31

[0206] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-[3-trifluoromethylphenyl]-butyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 29 of Table III).

[0207] To a solution of N-(4-pipetidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (680 mg, 2.1 mmol) in MeOH/DCM (10 ml, 1:1) was added 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)butyraldehyde (Method BP) (500 mg, 2.3 mmol) and acetic acid (0.25 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (735 mg, 3.2 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then quenched with water (5 ml) and concentrated to a third of the volume. The residual mixture was extracted with DCM and the organic extracts washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution and brine and evaporated to give the title compound (260 mg); NMR (CDCl3): 1.18 (t, 3H), 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 6H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.8 (m, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 7.4 (m, 6H), 7.9 (d, 2H); NMR: 525.

[0208] Compound No. 30 of Table III: NMR (CDCl3): 1.18 (t, 3H), 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 8H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 7.05 (d, 1H), 7.2 (m, 3H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.9 (d, 2H); MS: 491.

[0209] Compound No. 31 of Table III: NMR (CDCl3): 1.18 (t, 3H), 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 8H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 7.2 (d, 3H), 7.3 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.9 (d, 2H); MS: 457.

[0210] Compound No. 32 of Table III: NMR (CDCl3): 1.18 (t, 3H), 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 8H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, 1H), 2.9(m, 2H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 7.0 (d, 1H) 7.35 (d, 1H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.9 (d, 2H); MS: 525.

EXAMPLE 32

[0211] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 33 of Table III).

[0212] To a solution of 4-methanesulfonylphenylacetic acid (1.01 g, 4.72 mmol) in DCM (20 ml) was added carbonyldiimidazole (765 mg, 4.72 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 h. A solution of 3-amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)pyrrolidine di-(trifluoroacetic acid) salt (Method BQ) (2.4 g, 4.72 mmol) and triethylamine (1.43 g, 11.4 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was washed twice with water (50 ml), dried and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (eluent DCM then ethyl acetate) giving the title compound (1.6 g); NMR: 1.5 (m, 1H), 2-2.2 (m, 6H), 2.6 (m, 2H), 3.5 (s, 2H), 3.95 (t, 1H), 4.1(m, 2H), 7.1-7.3 (m 10H), 7.5(d, 2H), 7.8(d, 2H), 8.3 (d, 1H); MS: 477.

EXAMPLE 33

[0213] This Example illustrates the preparation of N-[1-(3-[4-chlorophenyl]-3-[4-pyridyl]propyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Compound No. 34 of Table III).

[0214] N-(4-Piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (480 mg, 1.47 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (40 ml). Acetic acid (6 ml) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)propionaldehyde (Method BR) (2.2 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 30 min. followed by the addition of sodium triacetoxyborohydride (340 mg, 1.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was eluted through a column of silica gel (ethyl acetate then 89% DCM/10% MeOH/1% NH4OH) yielding the title compound (60 mg); NMR (CDCl3): 1.1 and 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (br m, 1H), 1.8 (m, 4H), 2.2 (m, 4H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.5 (br m, 1H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.0 (m, 1H), 4.4 (br m, 1H), 7.1 (m, 4H), 7.3 (m, 2H), 7.5 (m, 2H), 7.9 (m, 2H) and 8.5 (m, 2H); MS: 554.

Compound
No in
Table III 1H NMR (CDCl3)
35        1.1 and 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (br m, 4H), 2.0 (m,
          1H), 2.2 (m, 3H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (s, 3H),
          3.3 (q, 2H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.1 (m, 1H), 4.4 (m, 1H), 7.1
          (m, 2H), 7.2 (m, 4H), 7.4 (m, 2H), 7.6 (t, 1H), 7.9 (d, 2H)
          and 8.5 (m, 1H)
36        1.1 and 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.5 (br m, 1H), 1.7 (b rm, 4H), 2.0
          (m, 1H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m,
          2H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.3 (q, 2H), 3.5 (m, 1H), 3.8 (m, 2H),
          3.9 (t, 1H), 4.4 (m, 1H), 5.9 (s, 2H), 6.7 (s, 2H), 7.2
          (m, 4H), 7.4 (m, 2H) and 7.9 (d, 2H)
37        1.1 and 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.4 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H),
          2.0 (br t, 1H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.4 (d, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0
          (s, 3H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 1H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 3.9 (m,
          1H), 4.4 (m, 1H), 7.2 (m, 9H), 7.4 (m, 2H) and 7.9 (d, 2H)
38        1.1 and 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.7 (br m, 4H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 2.2 (m,
          2H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.3 (m, 2H),
          3.5 (m, 1H), 3.6 (m, 1H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.0 (m, 1H), 4.4
          (m, 1H), 7.3 (m, 10H) and 7.9 (d, 2H)
39        1.1 and 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.4 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H),
          2.0 (br t, 1H), 2.2 (m, 3H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.3
          (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 1H), 3.6 and 4.5 (m, 1H), 3.8 (m, 5H), 3.9
          (t, 1H), 6.8 (d, 2H), 7.2 (m, 7H), 7.4 (m, 2H) and 7.9
          (d, 2H)
40        1.1 and 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H),
          2.2 (m, 3H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.3 (m,
          2H), 3.5 (m, 1H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.0 (br t, 1H), 4.4 (m, 1H),
          7.2 (m, 9H), 7.4 (m, 2H) and 7.9 (d, 2H)
41        1.1 and 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.8 (m, 2H),
          2.0 (br t, 1H), 2.2 (m, 3H), 2.3 (s, 3H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0
          (s, 3H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, 1H), 3.6 and 4.4 (m, 1H), 3.8
          (m, 2H), 3.9 (t, 1H), 7.1 (m, 5H), 7.2 (m, 4H), 7.4 (m, 2H)
          and 7.9 (d, 2H)
42        1.1 and 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 1H), 1.7 (m, 4H), 2.0 (br t,
          1H), 2.2 (m, 3H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (s, 3H),
          3.3 (m, 2H), 3.6 (br m, 2H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.0 (m, 1H), 4.4
          (m, 1H), 7.3 (m, 11H) and 7.9 (d, 2H)
43        1.1 and 1.3 (t, 3H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 4H), 1.9 (m, 2H),
          2.2 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, 1H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.1 (m, 1H), 3.4 (m,
          2H), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.0 (t, 1H), 4.4 (m, 1H), 7.0 (m, 4H), 7.2
          (m, 4H), 7.4 (d, 2H) and 7.9 (d, 2H).
44        1.6 (m, 4H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.2 (m, 4H), 2.9 (d, 2H), 3.0 (s,
          3H), 3.7 and 3.8 (s, 2H), 3.9 (m, 3H), 4.5 (m, 1H), 5.1 and
          5.3 (m, 2H), 5.8 (m, 1H), 6.9 (m, 4H), 7.1 (m, 4H), 7.4 (d,
          2H) and 7.9 (d, 2H).

[0215] Starting materials are commercially available, have been described in the literature or can be prepared by adaptation of literature methods. Examples of literature methods include: P. Richter, Ch. Garbe and G. Wagner, E. Ger. Pharmazie, 1974, 29(4), 256-262; C. Oniscu, D. Nicoara and G. Funieru, “4-(Ureidosulfonyl)phenylacetic acid and its ureide”, RO79-966646, (Romanian document); and M. A. Zahran, M. M. Ali, Y. A. Mohammed and A. A. Shehata, Int. J. Chem., 1993, 4(3), 61.

[0216] Method A

[0217] 4-Methylamino-1-N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine dihydrochloride

[0218] To a solution of 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (Method I) (15.9 g, 40 mmol) in THF (300 ml) was added lithium aluminium hydride (60 ml, 1M solution in THF, 60 mmol) and the mixture was refluxed. After 5 h the reaction mixture was cooled and sodium hydroxide was added carefully. The resultant granular precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to a half of the original volume. 1M HCl in diethyl ether was then added to give the title compound as a white solid (13.8 g, 37 mmol); MS: 310.

[0219] Method B

[0220] 4-Methylamino-1-N-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine dihydrochloride

[0221] To a solution of 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-N-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (Method J) (22 g, 66 mmol) in THF (500 μl) was added lithium aluminium hydride (100 ml, 1M solution in THF, 0.1 mol) and the mixture was refluxed. After 5 h the reaction mixture was cooled and 3M sodium hydroxide and water were added carefully. The resultant granular precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to a half of the original volume. 1M HCl in diethyl ether was then added to give the title compound as a white solid (21 g, 66 mmol); NMR: 1.2 (d, 3H), 2.0 (m, 6H), 2.8 (m, 4H), 3.4 (m, 7H), 7.1 (m, 5H), 9.3 (br s, 1H); MS: 247.

[0222] Method C

[0223] 4-Propargylamino-1-N-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine

[0224] To a solution of 1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)-4-piperidone (Method K) (500 mg, 2.2 mmol) in MeOH (8 ml) and acetic acid (2 ml) was added propargylamine (0.18 ml, 2.6 mmol). After 45 mins, sodium cyanoborohydride (170 mg, 2.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture left to stir at ambient temperature. After 16 h EtOAc was added and the reaction mixture was partitioned with dilute brine. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (330 mg, 1.2 mmol); MS: 271.

[0225] Method D

[0226] 4-Allylamino-1-N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine

[0227] To a solution of 1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidone (Method L) (500 mg, 2.2 mmol) in MeOH (8 ml) and acetic acid (2 ml) was added allylamine (0.19 ml, 2.6 mmol). After 45 mins, sodium cyanoborohydride (135 mg, 2.2 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture left to stir at ambient temperature. After 16 h EtOAc was added and the reaction mixture was partitioned with dilute brine. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (170 mg, 0.50 mmol); MS: 335.

[0228] Method E

[0229] 4-Allylamino-1-N-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine

[0230] To a solution of 1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)-4-piperidone (Method K) (500 mg, 2.2 mmol) in MeOH (8 ml) and acetic acid (2 ml) was added allylamine (0.19 ml, 2.6 mmol). After 45 mins, sodium cyanoborohydride (170 mg, 2.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture left to stir at ambient temperature. After 16 h EtOAc was added and the reaction mixture was partitioned with dilute brine. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (180 mg, 0.66 mmol); MS: 273.

[0231] Method F

[0232] 4-Piperidinyl-N-2-phenylethyl-2,4-difluorophenylurea.trifluoroacetic acid salt

[0233] To a solution of 1-tert-butyoxycarbonylpiperidin-4-yl-N-2-phenylethyl-2,4-difluorophenylurea (Method O) (300 mg, 0.65 mmol) in DCM (4 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1 ml). After 2 h the reaction mixture was concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (0.31 g, 0.65 mmol); MS: 360.

[0234] Method G

[0235] 4-Amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine

[0236] To a solution of 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (Method I) (10 g, 25 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (20 ml) dropwise. After 3 h, toluene was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated to give the di-trifluoroacetic acid salt of the title compound as an oil (9.7 g, 19 mmol); MS: 295.

[0237] Method H

[0238] 4-Amino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine.ditrifluoroacetic acid salt

[0239] To a solution of 4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine (Method J) (13.1 g, 39.5 mmol) in DCM (150 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (30 ml) dropwise. After 15 h, toluene was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated to give the di-trifluoroacetic acid salt of the title compound as an oil (12.8 g, 27.8 mmol); MS: 233.

[0240] Method I

[0241] 4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-1-N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine

[0242] To a solution of 4-(Boc-amino) piperidine (10 g, 50 mmol) in acetonitrile (200 ml) was added 3,3-diphenylpropyl bromide (15.1 g, 55 mmol), tetrabutylammonium iodide (2 g, 5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (15 g, 100 mmol) and the mixture refluxed. After 5 h the reaction mixture was cooled and poured into water. The solution was partitioned with EtOAc and the organic layer dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by column chromatography (toluene:EtOAc, 1:1 with 1% triethylamine) to give the title compound as an oil (15.9 g, 40 mmol); MS: 395.

[0243] Method J

[0244] 4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine

[0245] To a stirred solution of 4-(Boc-amino) piperidine (45 g, 0.225 mol) in methanol (160 ml) was added 3-R/S-phenylbutyraldehyde (36.5 ml, 0.25 mol) followed by acetic acid (115 ml). After 1 hour, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (71.5 g, 0.34 mol) was added portionwise over 30 mins [Caution: effervescence and exotherm]. After 15 h water (60 ml) was added and the total mixture was concentrated to remove the methanol. Water (250 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×500 ml). The combined organics were washed with water, brine and dried (MgSO4) to give the title compound as a white solid that was further recrystallised from DCM/EtOAc (54.1 g, 0.163 mol); m pt 220-221° C.; NMR: 1.2 (m, 3H), 1.4 (s, 9H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 6H), 2.8 (m, 4H), 3.3 (m, 2H), 7.0 (br s, 1H), 7.3 (m, 5H); MS: 333.

[0246] Method K

[0247] 1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)-4-piperidone

[0248] A solution of 1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)-4-piperidone ethylene ketal (Method M) (6.45 g, 23 mmol) in 6M hydrochloric acid (80 ml) was heated to reflux. After 3 h the reaction mixture was cooled and the pH was adjusted to pH 10 by the addition of 1M NaOH. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3×30 mL) and the combined organics were dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (DCM to 5% MeOH/DCM) to give the title compound as an oil (2.3 g, 10 mmol); NMR (CDCl3): 1.2 (d, 3H), 1.6 (s, 1H), 1.8 (q, 2H), 2.2-2.5 (m, 5H), 2.7 (m, 3H), 2.8 (q, 1H) and 7.1-7.4 (m, 5H); MS: 232.

[0249] Method L

[0250] 1-(3,3-Diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidone

[0251] The procedure described in Method K was repeated using 1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidone ethylene ketal (Method N) (5.3 g, 16 mmol) in place of 1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)-4-piperidone ethylene ketal to give the title compound as an oil (4.6 g, 16 mmol); NMR (CDCl3): 2.3 (m, 2H), 2.4 (m, 6H), 2.7 (m, 4H), 4.05 (q, 1H) and 7.1-7.4 (m, 10H).

[0252] Method M

[0253] 1-(3-R/S-Phenylbutyl)-4-piperidone ethylene ketal

[0254] To a solution of 4-piperidone ethylene ketal (10 g, 70 mmol) in MeOH (100 ml) was added acetic acid (5 ml) and 3-R/S-phenylbutyraldehyde (11.4 ml, 77 mmol) and the reaction mixture left to stir at ambient temperature. After 1 h sodium triacetoxyborohydride (21 g, 99 mmol) was added portionwise. After a further 3 h water was added and the methanol was partially removed by evaporation; more water was added and the mixture extracted with EtOAc (×3). The combined organics were washed with water, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (17.8 g, 65 mmol); MS: 276.

[0255] Method N

[0256] 1-(3,3-Diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidone ethylene ketal

[0257] To a solution of 4-piperidone ethylene ketal (5 g, 35 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 ml) was added potassium carbonate (9.6 g, 70 mmol) followed by 3,3-diphenylpropylbromide (9.6 g, 35 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulphate (1 g). After 16 h water was added and the acetonitrile was partially removed by evaporation; the mixture was then extracted with EtOAc (×3). The combined organics were washed with water, brine, dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (DCM to 8% MeOH/DCM) to give the title compound as an oil (5.3 g, 16 mmol); MS: 338.

[0258] Method O

[0259] 1-tert-Butyoxyarbonylpiperidin-4-yl-N-2-phenylethyl-2,4-difluorophenylurea

[0260] To a solution of 4-(2-phenylethylamino)-1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidine (Method P) (0.61 g, 2 mmol) in DCM (30 ml) was added 2,4-difluorophenylisocyanate (0.21 ml, 2 mmol). After 3 h water was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 20 mins. The organic layer was then separated and the aqueous layer partitioned with DCM. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried (MgSO4), concentrated and columned (20% EtOAc/iso-hexane to 40% EtOAc/iso-hexane) to give the title compound as an oil (0.73 g, 1.6 mmol); MS:460.

[0261] Method P

[0262] 4-(2-Phenylethylamino)-1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidine

[0263] To a solution of 1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperid-4-one (10 g, 50 mmol) and 2-phemethylamine.hydrochloride (7.9 g, 50 mmol) in MeOH (250 ml) was added sodium cyanoborohydride (6.3 g, 100 mmol). After 1.5 h, water was added carefully and the MeOH was partially removed by evaporation. The mixture was extracted with DCM (×3); the organics were combined and washed with water, dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by column chromatography (DCM to 5% MeOH/DCM) to give the title compound as an oil (13.4 g, 44 mmol); NMR (CDCl3): 1.5 (m, 9H), 1.9 (d, 2H), 2.2 (t, 4H), 2.8 (t, 2H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 4.1 (m, 2H) and 7.2-7.4 (m, 5H).

[0264] Method R

[0265] 4-(Cyclopropylmethyl)amino-1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)piperidine

[0266] To a solution of 1-(3-R/S-phenylbutyl)-4-piperidone (Method K) (500 mg, 2.2 mmol) in MeOH (8 ml) and acetic acid (2 ml) was added cyclopropyhmethylamine (0.2 ml, 2.6 mmol). After 45 mins, sodium cyanoborohydride (170 mg, 2.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture left to stir at ambient temperature. After 16 h EtOAc was added and the reaction mixture was partitioned with dilute brine. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (230 mg, 1.2 mmol); MS: 287.

[0267] Method S

[0268] 4-Fluorocinnamanic acid tert-butyl ester

[0269] To a suspension of 4-fluorocinnamanic acid (1.66 g, 10 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) heated to 80° C., was added dimethylformamide di-tert-butylacetal (8.2 g, 40 mmol) dropwise, and the reaction heated for a further 30 minutes. Upon cooling, the reaction was partitioned between toluene and water (15 mL), and washed with NaHCO3 solution (2×10 mL), and brine (10 mL). The organic layer was dried, and concentrated. Purified on a Bond Elut column (eluent DCM) to afford the desired product as a colourless oil (1.25 g, 5.6 mmol); NMR (CDCl3): 1.57 (9H, s), 6.28 (1 h, d), 7.07 (2H, t) and 7.50 (3H, m).

[0270] Method T

[0271] 3-Phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propionic acid tert-butyl ester

[0272] To a −78° C. solution of 4-fluorocinnamanic acid tert-butyl ester (Method S) (0.9 g, 4 mmol) in THF was added dropwise a solution of phenyllithium in hexanes (4 mL of 1.5M solution, 6 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 1 h and then quenched with water and extracted into EtOAc, dried and purified by Bond Elut chromatography (50:50 DCM/iso-hexane) to afford the title compound, as a colourless oil (500 mg, 1.8 mmol); NMR (CDCl3): 1.21 (9H, s), 2.87 (2H, d), 4.40 (1H, t), 6.90 (2H, t) and 7.15 (7H, m).

[0273] Method U

[0274] 3-Phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propan-1-ol

[0275] To a THF (10 mL) solution of 3-phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionic acid, tert-butyl ester (Method T) (495 mg, 1.65 mmol) was added LiAlH4 in THF (2.5 ml of a 1.0M solution) and the reaction stirred at RT for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched cautiously with 2M aqueous NaOH, and the precipitate removed. The solution was then extracted with EtOAc, washed with water (20 mL) dried, MgSO4, and evaporated to afford the title compound as a pale solid, (379 mg, 1.65 mmol); NMR (CDCl3): 2.23 (2H, m), 3.65 (2H, t), 4.06 (1H, t), 6.90 (2H, m) and 7.20 (7H, m).

[0276] Method V

[0277] 3-Phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-bromopropane

[0278] To a solution of 3-phenyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propan-1-ol (Method U) (379 mg, 1.65 mmol) in DCM (5 mL), was added carbon tetrabromide (564 mg, 1.7 mmol), and triphenyl phosphine (445 mg, 1.7 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight, and filtered through a pad of silica, then evaporated. The title product was obtained as a pale white solid by Bond Elut chromatography, eluent iso-hexane, (415 mg, 86%); NMR (CDCl3): 2.43 (2H, m), 3.20 (2H, t), 4.16 (1H, t), 6.90 (2H, m) and 7.20 (7H, m).

[0279] Method W

[0280] 4,4-Di-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-iodobutane

[0281] To a suspension of sodium iodide (1.5 g, 10 mmol) in acetone (100 mL) was added 4,4-di(4-fluorophenyl)-1-chlorobutane (2 g, 7 mmol), and refluxed for 5 h. The acetone was evaporated and the product was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give the title compound as a pale yellow oil, (3 g, 2:1 mixture of product to starting material); NMR (CDCl3): 1.80 (2H, m), 2.20 (2H, m), 3.20 (1 ⅓H, t, CH2I), 3.55 (⅔H, t, CH2Cl), 3.90 (1H, t), 6.96 (4H, m) and 7.16 (4H, m).

[0282] Method X

[0283] 4,4-Di-(4-fluorophenyl)-but-1-ene

[0284] The crude 4,4-di-(4-fluorophenyl)iodobutane (Method W) (3 g) was added to potassium tert-butoxide (1.3 g, 12 mmol) in THF (30 mL), and stirred overnight. The product was extracted into EtOAc and washed with water (100 mL). The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to afford a yellow oil. This was purified by chromatography (silica, iso-hexane) to afford the desired product as a colourless oil. (1.4 g, 82%); NMR: 2.80 (2H, t), 4.00 (1H, t), 4.98 (1H, dd) 5.05 (1H, dd), 5.70 (1H, ddt), 7.00 (4H, m) and 7.20 (4H, m).

[0285] Method Y

[0286] 3,3-Di-(4-fluorophenyl)propanal

[0287] A DCM solution of 4,4-di-(4-fluorophenyl)-but-1-ene (Method X) (1.4 g, 5.7 mmol, in 20 mL) was cooled to −78° C. and exposed to ozone until a pale blue colour persisted (about 20 min). The reaction was then purged with oxygen until the colour faded, and finally quenched with triphenylphosphine (1.49 g, 5.7 mmol). Upon warning to RT the reaction was washed with water, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The residue was passed through a plug of silica to afford the title product as a colourless oil, (1.18 g, 100%); NMR (CDCl3): 3.15 (2H, d), 4.60 (1H, t), 7.00 (4H, m), 7.18 (4H, m), 9.75 (1H, s).

[0288] Method Z

[0289] 1-(3,3-Di-[4-fluorophenyl]propyl)-4-([tert-butoxycarbonyl]amino)piperidine 10

[0290] To a solution of 3,3-di-(4-fluorophenyl)propanal (Method Y) (1.18 g, 5.7 mmol), in dichloroethane (14 mL) and 4-Bocaminopiperidine (1.2 g, 6 mmol) was added acetic acid (0.3 mL), 3 Å molecular sieves (2 g), and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.27 g, 6 mmol), and the reaction mixture stirred for 5 h. The mixture was poured onto water and extracted into EtOAc (30 mL), dried and evaporated. The title product was obtained by purification by chromatography (silica, 5% MeOH/DCM) to give the product as a solid (1.7 g, 69%); MS: 431.

[0291] Method AA 11

[0292] 1-(3,3-Di-[4-fluorophenyl]propyl)-4-(methylamino)piperidine

[0293] To a solution of 1-(3,3-Di-[4-fluorophenyl]propyl)-4-([tert-butoxycarbonyl]amino)piperidine (Method Z) (1.7 g, 3.9 mmol) in THF (50 mL), was added LiAlH4 solution (5 mL of a 1.0M solution in THF) dropwise (CARE gas evolution) and then the reaction was refluxed for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT and cautiously quenched with 2M NaOH, filtered to remove precipitate and partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica, eluent 1:1, toluene:EtOAc with 0.5% isopropylamine) to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (500 mg, 37%); NMR: 2.2-1.0 (9H, m), 2.67 (1H, m), 3.4-3.2 (4H, m), 3.90-4.10 (2H, m), 4.35 (2H, m), 7.05 (4H, m) and 7.30 (4H, m); MS: 345.

[0294] Method AB

[0295] 4-Ethylamino-1-N-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine 12

[0296] To a solution of 1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidone (Method L) (2.2 g, 7.5 mmol) in DCM (30 ml) was added ethylamine (8.5 ml, 2M in THF, 17 mmol), sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.6 g, 7.5 mmol) and 4 Å Molecular Sieves (10 rods). The reaction mixture left to stir at ambient temperature. After 16 h the mixture was filtered, washed with water, dried (NaSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (1.4 g, 4.35 mmol);

[0297] MS: 323.

[0298] Method AC

[0299] N[1-Phenylmethyl-piperidin-4-yl]-N-methyl-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamide 13

[0300] To a solution of 4-methylamino-1-N-(phenylmethyl)piperidine (2.95 g, 14.5 mmol) in DMF (25 ml) was added DIPEA (10 ml), 4-fluorophenylacetic acid (2.67 g, 17.3 mmol) and HATU (6.0 g, 16 mmol). After 16 h at RT water was added and the mixture was partitioned with EtOAc (×3). The organics were combined, washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as a brown oil (4.90 g, 14.4 mmol); MS: 341. † 4-Methylamino-1-N-(phenylmethyl)piperidine is described in J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 4981-5001.

[0301] Method AD

[0302] 4-(N-(4-Fluorophenylacetamido)-N-methyl)aminopiperidine 14

[0303] To a solution of N-[1-phenylmethyl-piperidin-4-yl]-N-methyl-(4-fluorophenyl)acetamide(Method AC) (4.90 g, 14.4 mmol) in EtOH (50 ml) was added 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (1 g) followed by ammonium formate (5.18 g, 82 mmol). The reaction mixture was then refluxed until the evolution of gas ceased at which point it was filtered through Celite® and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil (2.86 g, 11.4 mmol); MS: 251.

[0304] Method AE

[0305] 3-Phenylpent-4-enoic acid

[0306] Cinnamyl alcohol (5 g, 37 mmol), triethylorthoacetate (47 ml) and propionic acid (0.17 ml) were heated at 140° C. under a distillation head and condenser. After 1 h the reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to give a pale yellow oil. This oil was dissolved in EtOH (15 ml) and water (15 ml) and NaOH (3.73 g, 93 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at 80° C. After 16 h the mixture was heated to 100° C. for 2 h then allowed to cool. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (120 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (2×150 ml). The aqueous layer was acidified with AcOH and then re-extracted with diethyl ether (3×150 ml). The organics were combined and dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the desired product as a brown oil (5.52 g, 31 mmol); NMR: 2.65 (m, 2H), 3.75 (1, 1H), 4.95 (s, 1H), 5.05 (d, 1H), 5.95 (m, 1H), 7.2 (m, 5H), 12.1 (br s, 1H); MS: 177.

[0307] Method AF

[0308] 3-Phenylpent-4-en-1-ol

[0309] To a solution of 3-phenylpent-4-enoic acid (Method AE) (2.0 g, 11.4 mmol) in THF (20 ml) at 0° C. was added lithium aluminium hydride (12.5 ml, 1M solution in THF) dropwise over 15 mins and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT. After 64 h water (2.4 ml) was added followed by 2N NaOH (2.4 ml) then water (7.2 ml). The resulting gelatinous precipitate was filtered, washed with THF and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in DCM and washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate (2×150 ml), dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as a pale yellow oil (1.8 g, 1.1 mmol); NMR: 1.8 (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 4.4 (t, 1H), 5.0 (m, 2H), 5.9 (m, 1H) and 7.2 (m, 5H).

[0310] Method AG

[0311] 5-Bromo-3-phenylpent-1-ene

[0312] The procedure described in Method V was repeated except using 3-phenylpent-4-en-1-ol (1.75 g, 10.8 mmol), triphenylphosphine (3.12 g, 11.9 mmol), carbon tetrabromide (3.94 g, 11.9 mmol) and DCM (35 ml) to give the title compound as a colourless oil (2.02 g, 9 mmol); NMR: 2.2 (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, 3H), 5.1 (m, 2H), 5.95 (m, 1H) and 7.2 (m, 5H).

[0313] Method AH

[0314] N-[-(3-[4-Fluorophenyl]-3-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide hydrochloride 15

[0315] To a solution of N-4-piperidinyl-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (1.3 g, 4.0 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added DIPEA (2 mL, 11.5 mmol) and 3-chloro-4′-fluoropropiophenone (770 mg, 4.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then evaporated. The residue was heated to reflux with 5% methanol in ethyl acetate giving a white solid which was isolated (1.6 g, 80%). NMR: 1.00 and 1.16 (t, 3H), 1.75 (t, 2H), 2.23 (q, 2H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.35 and 3.64 (q, 2H), 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.82 and 3.93 (s, 2H), 4.15 and 4.28 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H),7.83 (m, 2H), 8.07 (m, 2H); MS: 475.

[0316] Method AI

[0317] N-(4-Piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide 16

[0318] To a solution of N-(1-phenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (34 g, 82 mmol) in ethanol (600 mL) was added ammonium formate (40 g). The mixture was purged with argon and 30% Pd on carbon (4.2 g) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at reflux for 4 h, then allowed to cool and filtered through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was evaporated to give a thick oil which solidified on standing to yield the title compound (24.9 g, 94%); NMR: 1.02 and 1.15 (t, 3H), 1.4-1.6 (br m, 4H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.93 (br m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.20 and 3.32 (q, 2H), 3.72 and 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.80 and 3.87 (s, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.85 (m, 2H); MS: 325 (MH+).

[0319] Method AJ

[0320] N-(1-Phenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide 17

[0321] To a solution of 1-phenylmethyl-4-ethylaminopiperidine dihydrochloride (32.0 g, 110 mmol) in DCM (500 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (60 mL) with stirring to ensure complete dissolution. 4-Methanesulfonylphenylacetic acid (25.0 g, 117 mmol), 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (4-DMAP) (2.0 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCI) (25.0 g, 121 mmol) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the resulting solution was washed successively with 2N aqueous HCl, water and 1N aqueous NaOH, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent 10% MeOH/ethyl acetate) to afford the title compound (35 g, 76%); NMR: 1.00 and 1.14 (t, 3H), 1.45 and 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.95 (br m, 2H), 2.80 (br m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.20 and 3.33 (q, 2H), 3.45 (s, 2H), 3.80 and 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.70 and 4.10 (m, 1H), 7.2-7.3 (m, 5H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.82 (m, 2H); MS: 415 (MH+).

[0322] Method AK

[0323] 1-Phenylmethyl-4-ethylaminopiperidine dihydrochloride 18

[0324] To a solution of 1-phenylmethyl-4-piperidone (25.0 g, 132 mmol) in THF (250 mL) was added ethylamine hydrochloride (12.0 g, 147 mmol) and methanol (50 mL) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (40 g, 189 mmol) was added portionwise and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 1 h. 2M Sodium hydroxide solution (250 mL) was added and the resulting mixture extracted with diethyl ether. The organic extracts were dried (K2CO3) and evaporated to give 1-phenylmethyl-4-ethylaminopiperidine as an oil. This was dissolved in ethanol (500 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (20 mL) was added. The resulting crystals were collected, washed with diethyl ether and dried giving the title compound as a solid (38 g); NMR: (CDCl3): 1.10 (t, 3H), 1.40 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 2.65 (q, 2H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 7.2-7.4 (m, 5H); MS: 219 (MH+).

[0325] Method AL

[0326] N-[1-(3-Phenyl-3-chloropropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide 19

[0327] To a cooled (5° C.) solution of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide (112 mg, 0.29 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added N,N-diisopropylethylanine (0.10 mL, 0.58 mmol) then methanesulfonyl chloride (0.03 mL, 0.35 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h, then was concentrated. The residue was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent DCM, followed by 5% MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound as an oil (120 mg) which was characterised by LC-MS; MS: 403, 405.

[0328] Method AM

[0329] N-[1-(3-Phenyl-3-hydroxypropyl)piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide 20

[0330] To a solution of N-[1-(3-phenyl-3-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide (300 mg, 0.78 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) was added sodium borohydride (120 mg) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Water (5 mL) was added and the mixture was concentrated. The residue was extracted with DCM and the organic extract was washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated to give the title compound (230 mg, 76%); NMR: 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 4H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.7 and 2.8 (s, 3H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.65 and 3.75 (s, 2H), 4.2 (m, 1H), 4.6 (m, 1H), 5.4 (br s, 1H), 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.2 (m, 3H), 7.3 (m, 4H); MS: 385.

[0331] Method AN

[0332] N-[1-(3-Phenyl-3-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide 21

[0333] To a solution of N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-methyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide (250 mg, 1.0 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added 3-chloropropiophenone (168 mg, 1.0 mmol) and DIPEA (0.35 mL, 2.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Water and DCM were added and the phases separated. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica column chromatography (eluent 10% MeOH in DCM) yielding the title compound (305 mg); NMR: 1.3 (m, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.6 (s, 3H), 2.7 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, 2H), 3.1 (t, 2H), 3.7 (m, 2H), 4.2 (m, 1H), 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.2 (m, 2H), 7.4 (dd, 2H), 7.6 (t, 1H), 7.9 (d, 2H); MS: 383.

[0334] Method AO

[0335] N-(2-Bromoethyl)diphenylamine

[0336] To a cooled (5° C.) solution of N,N-diphenylbromoacetamide (1.4 g, 5.0 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added borane methyl sulfide complex (26 mL, 1.0M) gradually. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. 10% Acetic acid in methanol (30 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was dried and concentrated to give the title compound (1.0 g); NMR (CDCl3): 3.52 (t, 2H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 7.00 (m, 4H), 7.23 (m, 6H).

[0337] Method AP

[0338] N,N-Diphenylbromoacetamide

[0339] To a cooled (5° C.) solution of diphenylamine (2.0 g, 12 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added sodium hydride (520 mg, 60% dispersion) followed by bromoacetyl bromide (3.58 g) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 2 h. Water was added gradually, then the mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed three times with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to yield the title compound (3.4 g, 99%); NMR (CDCl3): 3.83 (S, 2H), 7.35 (m, 10H).

[0340] Method AQ

[0341] N-(4-Piperidinyl)-N-allyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide 22

[0342] To a solution of N-(1-phenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-allyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (4.40 g, 10.3 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) under an argon atmosphere and the mixture cooled in an ice-water bath. 1-Chloroethyl chloroformate (1.34 mL, 12.4 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 h while warming to room temperature. The mixture was evaporated and the residue dissolved in methanol (30 mL). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 1 h, allowed to cool and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica column chromatography (eluent 5% EtOH/DCM then 15% EtOH/2% isopropylamine/DCM) to give the title compound (1.30 g); NMR: 1.50 (m, 4H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.74 and 3.91 (s, 1H), 3.80 and 3.95 (d, 1H), 4.29 (m, 1H), 5.00 and 5.05 (d, 1H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 5.73 and 5.89 (dddd, 1H), 7.44 and 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.85 (m, 2H).

[0343] Method AR

[0344] N-(1-Phenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-allyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide 23

[0345] This was prepared by reacting 1-phenylmethyl-4-allylamine with 4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide according to the procedure used for Method AJ; NMR (d6-DMSO, 373K): 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 2H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 3.75 (m, 4H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 4.08 (m, 1H), 5.15 (m, 2H), 5.82 (dddd, 1H), 7.30 (m, 5H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 7.80 (d, 2H).

[0346] Method AS

[0347] 1-Phenylmethyl-4-allylamine

[0348] This was prepared by reacting 1-phenylmethyl-4-piperidone with allylamine according to the procedure used for Method AK; NMR (CDCl3): 1.4 (m, 2H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.0 (dd, 2H), 2.5 (m, 1H), 2.8 (m, 2H), 3.3 (d, 2H), 3.5 (s, 3H), 5.1 (d, 1H), 5.2 (d, 1H), 5.9 (dddd, 1H), 7.3 (m, 5H); MS: 231 (MH+).

[0349] Method AT

[0350] N-4-Piperidinyl-N-ethyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide 24

[0351] This was prepared by reacting N-(1-phenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide according to the procedure used for Method AI; NMR: (formic acid salt): 0.97 and 1.10 (t, 3H), 1.46 and 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.8-2.0 (m, 2H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 3.1-3.3 (m, 4H), 3.65 and 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.97 and 4.22 (m, 1H), 7.08 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 8.42 (s, 1H); MS: 265.

[0352] Method AU

[0353] 3-Phenyl -3-Boc-aminopropanal 25

[0354] A solution of 3-phenyl-2-Boc-aminopropanol (700 mg, 2.78 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was added to a stirred solution of Dess-Martin periodinane (1.30 g, 3.06 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) at room temperature followed by pyridine (0.3 mL). After stirring for 6 h at room temperature the mixture was partitioned between diethyl ether and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution containing sodium thiosulfate. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried and concentrated giving the title compound as a solid (790 mg); NMR: 1.4 (s, 9H), 2.8 (m, 2H),.5.1 (m, 1H), 7.3 (m, 5H), 8.6 (m, 1H), 9.6 (t, 1H).

[0355] Method AV

[0356] 3-Phenyl-2-Boc-aminopropanol 26

[0357] To a solution of 3-phenyl-3-Bocaminopropanoic acid (1.0 g, 3.78 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added borane-THF complex (7.5 mL, 1.5M, 11.3 mmol) at 0° C. The resulting mixture was stirred with warming to room temperature for 5 h. 10% Acetic acid in methanol (20 mL) was added dropwise, the resulting mixture was concentrated and the residue partitioned between DCM and 1M aqueous HCl. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The residue was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent 5% MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound (900 mg).

[0358] Method AW

[0359] 3-Phenyl-3-Boc-aminopropanoic acid 27

[0360] To a solution of DL-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid (5 g, 30.2 mmol) in 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide (70 mL) was added a solution of di-tert-butyldicarbonate (8.56 g, 39.2 mmol) in THF (60 mL) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 48 h. Water (50 mL) was added and the mixture washed twice with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified to pH 3 with concentrated aqueous HCl, and the resulting mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (60 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give the title compound as a white solid (4.8 g); NMR: 1.4 (s, 9H), 2.7 (m, 2H), 4.8 (m, 1H), 7.3 (m, 5H), 7.5 (br d, 1H), 12.1 (br s, 1H); MS: 266.

[0361] Method AX

[0362] 4-Cyclopropylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine

[0363] This was prepared using a method similar to that used for 4-ethylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (Method AB). NMR: 0.0 (m, 2H), 0.2 (m, 2H); 1.1 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 5H), 2.5 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 1H), 6.9 (m, 2H), 7.1 (m, 8H); MS: 335.

[0364] Method AY

[0365] 4-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine

[0366] This was prepared using a method similar to that used for 4-ethylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine. NMR: 1.2 (m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.9 (t, 2H), 2.1 (m, 4H), 2.3 (m, 1H), 2.7 (m, 2H), 3.1 (s, 3H), 3.4 (m, 1H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.3 (m, 8H); MS: 339.

[0367] Method AZ

[0368] 4-(2-Fluoroethylamino)-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine

[0369] This was prepared using a method similar to that used for 4-ethylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine; MS: 341.

[0370] Method BA

[0371] 4-Chlorosulfonylphenylacetic acid.

[0372] Chlorosulfonic acid (10 ml, 148 mmol) was heated to 40° C. and phenyl acetic acid (5 g, 36.7 mmol) was added slowly. Stirred for two hours then cooled and carefully poured onto ice (50 g). The filtrate was cooled by filtration and dried under vacuum to afford the title compound as a pale cream solid. (7.9 g, 92%); NMR (CDCl3), 3.80 (2H, s), 7.68 (2H, d), 8.00 (2H, d); MS: ES−233, ES+189.

[0373] Method BB

[0374] 4-Fluorosulfonylphenylacetic acid.

[0375] 18-Crown-6 (63 mg, 1 mol%) was added to a solution of 4-chlorosulfonylphenylacetic acid (5 g, 24 mmol) and KF (2.78 g, 48 mmol) in MeCN (5 mL) and stirred for 4 h. The product was then drowned out by the addition of water (100 mL) and collected by filtration to afford desired product (4.78 g, 97%); NMR (CDCl3): 3.80 (2H, s), 7.68 (2H, d), 8.00 (2H, d); MS: 187.

[0376] Method BC

[0377] N-[1-(3,3-Diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-fluorosulfonylphenylacetamide 28

[0378] To a solution of HATU (836 mg, 2.2 mmol), 4-fluorosulfonylphenylacetic acid (409 mg, 2.2 mmol), 1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-methylaminopiperidine (618 mg, 2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added DIPEA (0.4 mL) and stirred over night. Poured onto water and extracted into ethyl acetate (50 mL). Washed (brine 100 mL) and dried over MgSO4, and evaporated to afford a pale yellow solid. Trituration with ethyl acetate/hexane (50:50) afforded the title product as a pale yellow solid (577 mg, 57%); NMR: 1.80 (2H, m), 2.00 (2H, m), 2.40 (2H, m), 2.80-3.20 (6H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 3.45 (2H, m), 3.92 (1H, m), 4.46 (1H, m) 7.27 (8H, m), 7.60 (2H, t), 8.04 (2H, d); MS: 509.

[0379] Method BD

[0380] N-[1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-methyl-4-methoxycarbonylphenylacetamide 29

[0381] Solid HATU (2.55 g; 6.7 mmol) followed by DIPEA (1.22 ml; 6.7 mmol) was added at room temperature to a solution of 4-methoxycarbonylphenylacetic acid (1.3 g; 6.7 mmol) in DMF (10 ml). After 5 minutes, 4-methylamino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)piperidine (2.1 g; 6.7 mmol) was added and stirring continued overnight at ambient temp. The mixture was then partitioned between water (10 ml) and ethyl acetate (10 ml). The organic layer was separated, washed with water (1 ml) and dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated to give an oil. Purification was by Bond Elut, eluting with a stepped gradient from DCM to 5% methanol in DCM yielding the title compound (2.47 g, 77%); MS: 485 (MH+).

[0382] Method BE

[0383] 4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-1-(3-R-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine 30

[0384] To a solution of 4-Boc-amino piperidine (2.46 g, 12.3 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added HATU (4.67 g, 12.3 mmol) and 3-R-phenyl-1-butanoic acid(2 g, 12.2 mmol) and DIPEA (2.12 mL). Stirred over night then poured into water and extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to afford the title compound as a white solid, (4.03 g, 94%); NMR: 1.20 (6H, m), 1.38 (9H, s), 1.65 (2H, m), 2.60 (2H, m), 3.00 (1H, m), 3.15 (1H, q), 3.40 (1H, m), 3.80 (1H, d, broad), 4.20 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, m), 7.24 (4H, m) MS: 347, 291 (−BOC).

[0385] Method BF

[0386] 4-Amino-1-(3-R-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine hydrochloride 31

[0387] To a solution of acetyl chloride (5 mL) in methanol (20 mL) was 4-Boc-amino-1-(3-R-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine (1 g, 3 mmol) and stirred for one hour. The solvents were then evaporated to afford the title compound as a white solid. (929 mg, 100% for HCl salt); NMR: 1.20 (3H, d), 1.35 (2H, m), 1.41 (1H, m), 1.89 (2H, m), 2.80-3.20 (5H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.30 (1H, d), 7.10 (1H, m), 7.20 (4H, m); MS: 247.

[0388] Method BG

[0389] 4-Amino-1-(3-R-phenylbutyl)piperidine 32

[0390] To a solution of 4-amino-1-(3-R-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine(1 g, 3 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added a solution of LiAlH4 in THF (10 mL of 1.0M solution) and the mixture was refluxed for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled, quenched with aqueous sodium hydroxide, filtered and the filtrate partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was dried, MgSO4, and evaporated to afford the title compound as a white solid. (610 mg, 87%); NMR: 1.20 (4H, m), 1.60 (4H, m), 1.89 (2H, m), 2.10 (2H, m), 2.43 (1H, m), 2.70 (4H, m), 7.10 (3H, m), 7.20 (2H, m); MS: 233.

[0391] Method BH

[0392] 4-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-1-(3-S-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine 33

[0393] To a solution of 4-Boc-amino piperidine (2.46 g, 12.3 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) was added HATU (4.67 g, 12.3 mmol) and 3-S-phenyl-1-butanoic acid (2 g, 12.2 mmol) and DIPEA (2.12 mL). Stirred over night then poured into water and extracted into ethyl acetate. Dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to afford the title compound as a white solid, (4.17 g, 99%); NMR: 1.20 (6H, m), 1.38 (9H, s), 1.65 (2H, m), 2.60 (2H, m), 3.00 (1H, m), 3.15 (1H, q), 3.40 (1H, m), 3.80 (1H, d, broad), 4.20 (1H, m), 6.80 (1H, m), 7.18 (1H, m), 7.24 (4H, m); MS: 347, 291 (−BOC).

[0394] Method BI

[0395] 4-Amino-1-(3-S-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine hydrochloride 34

[0396] To a solution of acetyl chloride (5 mL) in methanol (20 mL) was added 4-Boc-amino-1-(3-S-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine(1 g, 3 mmol) and stirred for one hour. The solvents were then evaporated to afford the title compound as a white solid. (930 mg, 100% for HCl salt); NMR: 1.20 (3H, d), 1.35 (2H, m), 1. 41 (1H, m), 1.89 (2H, m), 2.80-3.20 (5H, m), 3.90 (1H, d), 4.30 (1H, d), 7.10 (1H, m), 7.20 (4H, m); MS: 247.

[0397] Method BJ

[0398] 4-Amino-1-(3-S-phenylbutyl)piperidine 35

[0399] To a solution of 4-amino-1-(3-S-phenyl-1-butanoic amide)piperidine(1 g, 3 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added a solution of LiAlH4 in THF (10 mL of 1.0M soln) and the mixture was refluxed for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled, quenched with aqueous sodium hydroxide, filtered and the filtrate partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was dried, MgSO4, and evaporated to afford the title compound as a white solid. (680 mg, 97%); NMR: 1.20 (4H, m), 1.60 (4H, m), 1.89 (2H, m), 2.10 (2H, m), 2.43 (1H, m), 2.70 (4H, m), 7.10 (3H, m), 7.20 (2H, m); MS: 233.

[0400] Method BK

[0401] N′-Phenylmethyl-N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-allylurea hydrochloride 36

[0402] Acetyl chloride (5.5 mL) was added to methanol (20 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture stirred for 10 minutes before addition of a solution of N′-phenylmethyl-N-(1-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-allylurea (1.54 g, 4.17 mmol) in methanol (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and at room temperature for 1 h. Evaporation afforded the title compound as a solid (0.96 g); NMR: 1.60 (br d, 2H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 22H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 3.79 (d, 2H), 4.21 (m, 3H), 5.10 (d, 1H), 5.18 (dd, 1H), 5.80 (ddt, 1H), 7.20 (m, 5H), 9.21 (br s, 2H); MS: 274.

[0403] Method BL

[0404] N′Phenylmethyl-N-(1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-piperidinyl)-N-allylurea 37

[0405] To a stirred solution of 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-allylaminopiperidine (1.0 g, 4.17 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added benzylisocyanate (0.52 mL, 4.2 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. Water was added and the mixture evaporated to yield the title compound (1.54 g, 99%); NMR 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.50 (m, 4H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 3.79 (d, 2H), 4.0 (mn, 3H), 4.21 (d, 2H), 5.10 (d, 1H), 5.18 (dd, 1H), 5.90 (ddt, 1H), 6.62 (t, 1), 7.20 (m, 5H); MS: 274 (MH+−BOC).

[0406] Method BM

[0407] 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-allylaminopiperidine 38

[0408] To a solution of 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-piperidone (10.0 g, 50 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (140 mL) was added allylamine (3.4 g, 60 mmol), acetic acid (3.0 mL) and 3 Å molecular sieves (20 g). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 min. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (16.2 g, 76 mmol) was added and stirring was continued for a further 4 h. The reaction was quenched with water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were washed with sodium bicarbonate solution, combined, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to afford the title compound as an oil (11.5 g, 96%); NMR (CDCl3): 1.21 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.60 (br s, 1H), 1.81 (d, 2H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.80 (t, 2H), 3.29 (t, 2H), 4.05 (d, 2H), 5.10 (d, 1H), 5.18 (dd, 1H), 5.90 (ddt, 1H).

[0409] Method BN

[0410] N-(1-Phenylmethyl-4-piperidinyl-N-ethyl-4-fluorophenylacetamide 39

[0411] This was prepared by reacting 1-phenylmethyl-4-ethylaminopiperidine dihydrochloride with 4-fluorophenylacetic acid according to the procedure used for Method AJ; NMR (CDCl3): 1.13 and 1.19 (t, 3H), 1.35 and 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.74 and 2.08 (m, 2H), 2.90 (br m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 3.66 (s, 2H), 3.55 and 4.42 (m, 1H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.3 (m, 7H); MS: 355.

[0412] Method BO

[0413] N-[1-(3-phenyl]-3-oxopropyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide hydrochloride 40

[0414] To a solution of N-(4-piperidinyl)-N-ethyl-4-methanesulfonylphenylacetamide (Method AI) (14.8 g, 45.8 mmol) and DIPEA (24mL, 137 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) was added 3-chloropropiophenone (7.3 g, 43.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue triturated with 5% MeOH/EtOAc to give a solid which was collected by filtration and washed with EtOAc affording the title compound (16.9 g, 75%); NMR (DMSO at 373K): 1.14 (t, 3H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.60 (m, 6H), 3.65 (t, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 4.25 (br m, 1H), 7.53 (m, 4H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.84 (d, 2H) and 7.98 (d, 2H); MS: 457.

[0415] Method BP

[0416] 3-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)butyraldehyde

[0417] Step 1: (E)-Ethyl 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-butenoate

[0418] To a solution of triethyl phophonoacetate (1.98 ml, 10 mmol) in THF at 0° C. was added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (12 ml 1M in THF, 12 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred. for 10 min. 3′-Trifluoromethylacetophenone (1.52 ml, 10 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred whilst allowing to warm to room temperature over 1 h. The mixture was evaporated and the residue partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The residue was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent isohexane then 1:1 ethyl acetate/isohexane) affording the sub-titled compound (1.4 g); NMR (CDCl3): 1.3 (t, 3H), 2.6 (s, 3H), 4.2 (q, 2H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.6 (m, 2H), 7.7 (s, 1H).

[0419] Step 2: Ethyl 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)butanoate

[0420] To a solution of (E)-ethyl 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-butenoate (Step 1) (1.4 g) in ethyl acetate (50 ml) was added 10% Pd/C (140 mg) and the resulting mixture was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 18 h. The mixture was filtered through Celite® and the filtrate evaporated to give the sub-titled compound (1.33 g); NMR (CDCl3): 1.2 (t, 3H), 1.35 (d, 3H), 2.6 (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, 1H), 4.1 (q, 2H), 7.4 (m, 4H).

[0421] Step 3: 3-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)butanol

[0422] To a solution of ethyl 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)butanoate (Step 2) (1.35 g, 5.2 mmol) in THF (15 ml) at 0° C. was added lithium aluminium hydride (5.2 ml, 1M in THF, 5.2 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 5 min. Ethyl acetate (10 mL) was added followed by water (0.2 ml) then 6M NaOH solution (0.2 ml) then water (2 ml) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 5 min. before filtration through Celite®. The filtrate was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated giving the sub-titled compound (1.1 g); NMR (CDCl3): 1.3 (d, 3H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 3.6 (m, 2H), 7.4 (m, 4H).

[0423] Step 4: 3-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)butyraldehyde

[0424] To a stirred solution of 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)butanol (Step 3) (1.1 g, 5.05 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (2.36 g, 5.56 mmol) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 10 min. The mixture was washed three times with 2M NaOH solution (20 ml), then with brine (20 ml), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated giving the title compound (1 g, 92%); NMR (CDCl3): 1.34 (d, 3H), 2.75 (m, 2H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 7.46 (m, 4H), 9.73 (s, 1H).

[0425] The same sequence of reactions was used to prepare 3-(3-chlorophenyl)butyraldehyde and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butyraldehyde except that platinum (IV) oxide was used as catalyst in the reduction of (E)-ethyl 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-butenoate and (E)-ethyl 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-butenoate to ethyl 3-(3-chlorophenyl)butanoate and ethyl 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)butanoate respectively.

[0426] Method BQ

[0427] 3-Amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)pyrrolidine di-(trifluoroacetic acid) salt

[0428] Step 1: 3-Boc-amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)pyrrolidine

[0429] To a mixture of 3-boc-aminopyrrolidine (1 g, 5.4 mmol) and 3,3-diphenylpropionaldehyde (1.1 g, 5.4 mmol) in DCM (20 ml) and MeOH (5 ml) was added acetic acid (0.1 ml) and the resulting mixture stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (5.4 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 18 h. The reaction mixture was washed twice with water (10 ml), dried and evaporated giving the sub-titled compound (2.1 g); MS: 381.

[0430] Step 2: 3-Amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)pyrrolidine di-(trifluoroacetic acid) salt

[0431] 3-Boc-amino-1-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)pyrrolidine (Step 1) (2.1 g) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h then evaporated giving the title compound (2.3 g).

[0432] Method BR

[0433] 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)propionaldehyde

[0434] Step 1: 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)prop-1-ene

[0435] To a solution of 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine (1 g, 4.9 mmol) in THF was added n-butyl lithium (3.4 ml of 1.6M solution, 5.4 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. After stirring for 15 min. the mixture was cooled to −78° C. and allyl bromide (0.65 g, 5.4 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred while warming to room temperature over 18 h. The mixture was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent isohexane then diethyl ether) giving the sub-titled compound as an oil (0.54 g); NMR (CDCl3): 2.8 (t, 2H), 4.0 (t, 1H), 5.0 (m, 2H), 5.7 (m, 1H), 7.1 (m, 4H), 7.3 (m, 2H) and 8.5 (m, 2H); MS: 244.

[0436] Step 2: 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)propionaldehyde

[0437] 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)prop-1-ene (Step 1) (0.54 g, 2.2 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (30 ml) and the solution cooled to −78° C. Ozone was bubbled through until a blue colour persisted (20 min.). The mixture was purged with oxygen and dimethyl sulphide (0.33 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h while warming to room temperature, then evaporated and the crude product used directly in the next reaction.

[0438] The same sequence of two reactions was used to prepare 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-pyridyl)propionaldehyde.

[0439] Method BS

[0440] 3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde

[0441] Step 1: (E)-tert-Butyl 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propenonate

[0442] A solution of 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamic acid (0.77 g, 4 mmol) in toluene (10 ml) was heated with stirring to 80° C. and N,N-dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal (3.83 ml, 16 mmol) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 h then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was washed with water and brine, dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated. The residue was purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent iso-hexane then DCM) giving the sub-titled compound as a solid (0.48 g).

[0443] Step 2: tert-Butyl 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-phenylpropionate

[0444] To a −78° C. solution of (E)-tert-butyl 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propenonate (Step 1) (2.4 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was added phenyl lithium (2 ml of 1.8M solution, 3.6 mmol) dropwise and the resulting mixture stirred at −78° C. for 2 h. Water (5 ml) was added and the mixture allowed to warm to room temperature over 18 h. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase was concentrated and the residue purified by Bond Elut chromatography (eluent iso-hexane then DCM) giving the sub-titled compound as an oil (0.51 g).

[0445] Step 3: 3-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde

[0446] To a −78° C. solution of tert-butyl 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-phenylpropionate (Step 2) (1.36 mmol) in DCM (5 ml) was added diisobutylaluminium hydride (3 ml 1M solution, 3 mmol) dropwise and the resulting mixture stirred at −78° C. for 90 min. MeOH (3 ml) was added slowly and the mixture warmed to room temperature. Citric acid solution (10% aqueous, 5 ml) was added, the mixture stirred for 10 min. then filtered. The filtrate was dried and evaporated yielding the title compound which was used immediately in the next reaction.

[0447] The same sequence of three reactions was used to prepare 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 3-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde and 3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-phenylpropionaldehyde.

EXAMPLE 34

[0448] The ability of compounds to inhibit the binding of RANTES was assessed by an in vitro radioligand binding assay. Membranes were prepared from Chinese hamster ovary cells which expressed the recombinant human CCR5 receptor. These membranes were incubated with 0.1 nM iodinated RANTES, scintillation proximity beads and various concentrations of the compounds of the invention in 96-well plates. The amount of iodinated RANTES bound to the receptor was determined by scintillation counting. Competition curves were obtained for compounds and the concentration of compound which displaced 50% of bound iodinated RANTES was calculated (IC50). Preferred compounds of formula (I) have an IC50 of less than 50 μM.

EXAMPLE 35

[0449] The ability of compounds to inhibit the binding of MIP-1α was assessed by an in vitro radioligand binding assay. Membranes were prepared from Chinese hamster ovary cells which expressed the recombinant human CCR5 receptor. These membranes were incubated with 0.1 nM iodinated MIP-1α, scintillation proximity beads and various concentrations of the compounds of the invention in 96-well plates. The amount of iodinated MlP-1α bound to the receptor was determined by scintillation counting. Competition curves were obtained for compounds and the concentration of compound which displaced 50% of bound iodinated MIP-1α was calculated (IC50). Preferred compounds of formula (I) have an IC50 of less than 50 μM. 4142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I):

2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 wherein heteroaryl is pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzo[b]furyl, benzo[b]thienyl, phthalazinyl, indanyl, oxadiazolyl or benzthiazolyl.

3. A compouind as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein aryl is phenyl.

4. A compound as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein heterocyclyl is piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl or tetrahydrofuryl.

5. A compound as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein R4, R5, R6 and R7 are all hydrogen.

6. A compound as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 wherein X is C(O).

7. A compound as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wherein m and p are both 1.

8. A compound as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 wherein R2 is methyl, ethyl, allyl, cyclopropyl or propargyl.

9. A compound as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 wherein R3 is NR45R46, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; R45 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; R46 is aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl groups of R3 and R46 are independently substituted by S(O)qR25, OC(O)NR26R27, NR32C(O)NR33R34 or C(O)R41, and optionally further substituted by one or more of halo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl, S(O)qR25, OC(O)NR26R27, NR28R29, NR30C(O)R31, NR32C(O)NR33R34, S(O)2NR35R36, NR37S(O)2R38, C(O)NR39R40, C(O)R41, CO2R42, NR43CO2R44, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, phenyl, phenyl(C1-4)alkyl, phenoxy, phenylthio, phenyl(C1-4)alkoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C1-4)alkyl, heteroaryloxy or heteroaryl(C1-4)alkoxy; wherein any of the immediately foregoing phenyl and heteroaryl moieties are optionally substituted with halo, hydroxy, nitro, S(O)kC1-4 alkyl, S(O)2NH2, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C(O)NH2, C(O)NH(C1-4 alkyl), CO2H, CO2(C1-4 alkyl), NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), NHS(O)2(C1-4 alkyl), C(O)(C1-4 alkyl), CF3 or OCF3; wherein q, k, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31, R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, R40, R41, R42, R43 and R44 are as defined in claim 1.

10. A compound as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 wherein R1 is 2,6-dimethoxybenzyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl, 2,4-dimethoxy-6-hydroxybenzyl, 3-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)prop-2-enyl, (1-phenyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl)methyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 3-R/S-phenylbutyl, 3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl, 3-cyano-3-phenylpropyl, 4-(N-methylbenzamido)-3-phenylbutyl or 3,3-diphenylpropyl.

11. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.

12. A compound of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or solvate thereof, for use as a medicament.

13. A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or solvate thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy.

14. A compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or solvate thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in modulating CCR5 receptor activity in a warm blooded animal.

15. A method of treating a patient comprising administering a compound of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or solvate thereof, or a composition as claimed in claim 11.

16. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1 comprising: a. reductively aminating a compound of formula (II): 65with an aldehyde R3CHO; or b. where R1 is optionally substituted alkyl, reacting a compound of formula (III): 66with an alkyl halide, in the presence of a base.