Patent Application
20190231598
This invention relates to a phase change material (“PCM”). More specifically, this invention relates to a PCM incorporated within an elastomeric matrix, that change phases from solid to liquid at various temperatures which is incorporated into a garment which may optionally include a thermoformable retainer.
Phase change materials are commonly found that are comprised of water soluble salts or polyethylene glycol. These phase change materials have three noteworthy short comings. First, they become liquid at low temperatures, at or around the melting temperature water, 0° C. As a result, the materials are not self-containing. To overcome this inadequacy, the materials are often contained in an container, bag or similar impermeable structure. As a result of the impermeable structure, the thermal exchange properties are altered due to the barrier between the bodies exchanging heat. Additionally, the impermeable structure limits the ability of the phase change material to conform to uneven surfaces. Secondly, the described water-based phase change materials exhibit high thermal conductivity, which results in accelerated transfer of heat. In instances related to living organisms, tissue, and the like, this can result in damage or premature expiration. Lastly, many of the water-soluble salt phase change materials are not safe for contact with living organisms, tissue, or the like. Thus, the impermeable structure must be designed to minimize the possibility of puncture or exposure to the intended body for which the heat exchange is to occur.
Dissolving lipid soluble materials that change phase from liquid to solid at a temperature between approximately −10° C. and 20° C. or between approximately 45° C. to 65° C. into an elastomeric matrix depending on preferred use have been determined to exhibit beneficial effects on user's skin. The use of these materials act as a reservoir for low temperatures while maintaining a fixed temperature for longer periods of time which is useful for articles such as masks, cold compresses, and ice packs. This functionality serves to remove or apply heat or cold at a constant rate and constant temperature. Further, the mixture described herein exhibits low thermal conductivity for a more comfortable user experience due to the slow heat transfer exhibited by the material. Further, the elastomeric nature of the matrix permits the material to closely follow the contours of any surface it is laid upon.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide an improvement which overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies of the prior art devices and provides an improvement which is a significant contribution to the advancement of phase change materials.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a PCM incorporated into an elastomeric matrix for the delivery of drugs, moisturizers, creams, and the like to the epidermis and dermis of the user's skin.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a garment incorporating the PCM.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a therapeutically effective garment using a PCM that is comfortable for a user to put on their skin.
It is a further object of this invention to maintain a supple and elastic form for a temperature range well above the phase change temperature of the lipid.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a low temperature phase change material that is conformable to surfaces or volumes of varying geometry.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a garment that does not require an impermeable barrier such as a bag.
It is a further object of this invention to exhibit thermal conductivity lower than what is exhibited by water or glycol-based formulations.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a garment that can be used to treat facial injuries as well as dermatological procedures such as chemical peels and dermabrasion and therapeutic treatments at establishments such as salons and spas.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a garment using a phase change material that can be used for cosmetic purposes.
The foregoing has outlined some of the pertinent objects of the invention. These objects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the intended invention. Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or modifying the invention within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the summary of the invention and the detailed description of the preferred embodiment in addition to the scope of the invention defined by the claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
For the purpose of summarizing this invention, this invention discloses a phase change material comprising lipids and related olefins, which are situated within an elastomeric matrix and change phase from solid to liquid at a low temperature.
The present invention overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies and provides a novel solution to the described thermodynamic instance. The present invention utilizes a thermoplastic matrix. Preferably, the present invention utilizes a triblock copolymer that is a styrene-based. Within the thermoplastic elastomer is a phase change material that is a lipid or a combination or association of one or more ligands that change phase from solid to liquid at a low temperature. The phase change material changes phase at a temperature range of −10° C. to 25° C. and preferably between 0° C. to 20° C. Alternatively, the phase change material for higher temperatures comprises paraffins or linear alpha olefins with a phase change temperature range of 45° C. to 65° C.
The oil or other plasticizing agent, also referred to herein as a plasticizer, can be added to the triblock copolymer in order to obtain the desired mechanical properties, such as elasticity, softness, hardness, thermal conductivity, elongation, tear strength and tensile strength characteristics of the resulting material. The oil is preferably a normal alpha olefin having a carbon number between 14-18 but may also be mineral oils, vegetable oils, and other hydrocarbon mixtures, so long as the material used is liquid at room temperature. The oil may be added at a range of 0 to 70% by weight or 30 to 80% by weight depending on the desired mask temperature.
The phase change lipid or materials are of the hydrocarbon type such as N-alkenes or N-alkanes. Applicable examples are dodecene, tridecene, tetradecene, etc. or linear alpha olefins such as those marketed by Chevron Philips and Ineos with carbon numbers ranging between 8 and 18. In one embodiment, the phase change lipids and/or materials are composed of tetradecene, which has 14 carbon molecules and utilizes a double bond on the first carbon. The present invention preferably uses n-hexadecene having a melting point 39° F. for the PCM but it was found that any carbon chain with proper vapor pressure and in the proper melting point range would be sufficient. Additionally, other hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, or vegetable oils having a phase change temperature between −10° C. to 25° C. and preferably between 0° C. to 20° C. may be used. Any of the described phase change materials may be used in combination with each other or individually within the matrix described herein so long as they are safe to use on skin.
Additives such as an antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent, and/or other additives may be added in the rage of 0 to 10% by weight. The antioxidants may include a phenolic antioxidant. In certain embodiments, the disclosed phase change materials may be manufactured by mixing together the styrene-based polymer, the plasticizing oil(s), the lipid(s) and one or more additives to form a mixture which is melted in an inert environment at a temperature of 150° C. to 230° C. After a homogeneous molten mixture is obtained the mixture may be extruded via an extruder, molded into a closed mold with a molding machine, or cast into an open mold or other similar heated vessel into the desired shape.
In certain embodiments, the disclosed phase change materials may be configured to be placed within or onto a fabric, structure, garment, or any equivalent that is used for the purposes of contacting a user. The fabric, structure, garment, or any equivalent may be secured to the user by way of straps, strings, hook and loop fasteners, such as Velcro, magnets, rivets or any equivalent fastening means. Also, the fastening means may include techniques that allow the material to be situated within another material, such as a bag, towel, paper cloth, or any equivalent, which is then collectively secured or introduced to the user. For example, a user may place the present material into a damp towel, which is then situated to rest on her foot. Further, the securing of the disclosed invention may be accomplished without such fastening means, especially if the materials are configured to conform to the user's geometry or dimensions.
In certain embodiments, the present invention may be configured to form to a user's face, head, neck, upper or lower torso, feet, legs, or arms, or any combinations thereof. The user's specific needs for using the present invention will dictate its geometric form.
In certain embodiments, the present invention may be configured to be placed on a thermoformable resin layer, which may be configured to attach relative to a knitted or woven outer layer. Alternatively, the knitted outer layer may be configured to attach relative to another knitted layer, thermoformable resin layer, or any equivalent. Alternatively, the thermoformable resin layer may be attached relative to multiple embodiments of the present invention as well as multiple knitted layers.
In alternative aspects, one or more of the above discussed additives may be added to the mixture after the mixture is melted or during the cooling process. After heating and mixing the mixture of styrene-based polymer, the plasticizing oil(s), and one or more optional additives, these components are melted together in such a manner that a homogeneous, molten mixture is obtained. After obtaining the molten mixture, the molten mixture may be extruded via an extruder, molded via a molding machine, or other similar heated vessel into the desired shape.
Embodiments of the present invention are herein described by way of example and directed to a phase change material utilizing an elastomeric matrix with lipids that change phase from solid to liquid at a desired temperature. The aforementioned state of the art of phase change materials shows the need for improvements in phase change materials that can 1) be self-containing 2) have low thermal conductivity 3) be safe when in contact with living organisms and 4) remove heat from or provide heat to the face at a constant temperature.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more pertinent and important features of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood so that the present contribution to the art can be more fully appreciated. Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following descriptions, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The following description is of the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of describing one or more preferred embodiments of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.
In certain embodiments, thermoplastic elastomers according to the present invention comprise a styrenic block copolymer that is a non-hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer such as poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS), poly(styrene-isoprene-styrene) (SIS), or poly(styrene-isoprene-butadiene-styrene) (SIBS), or a hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer such as poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) (SEBS), poly(styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene) (SEPS), or poly(styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene) (SEEPS), or combinations thereof. Preferably, the present invention uses SEEPS but may use any suitable styrenic block copolymer having the appropriate stretch and stiffness characteristics. In certain aspects, the triblock copolymer is one with the trade names of Septon and Kraton and may be included within the phase change material at a range from 2-30% by weight. Preferably, the triblock copolymer is provided in a range of 4-10% by weight. The amount of triblock copolymer used is dependent on the specific polymer used in the matrix, the degree of stiffness desired when the temperature of the garment is lowered, and the specific PCM used.
In certain aspects, the disclosed phase change material is made with and/or includes one or more plasticizing oils; a paraffinic oil, naphthenic oil, vegetable oil, or a synthetic liquid oligomer such as a polybutene, a polypropylene, or a polyterpene oil. In certain aspects, the oil may also be seeded with an insoluble fine powder such as talc. Brand name products such as Hydrobrite 1000 can also be used. The oil or other plasticizing agent is preferably within the range of approximately 0-70% by weight with a preferred range of 40-60% by weight when used with the low temperature phase change materials. Alternatively, the oil or other plasticizing agent is preferably within the range of 30-80% by weight with a preferred range of 40-60% by weight when used with the higher temperature phase change materials. The plasticizing oil preferably has a viscosity between 5 and 20 centistokes for non-stick formulations or between 50 and 300 centistokes for those formulations intended to promote a certain stickiness so that the garment maintains position on the user with or without straps.
The phenolic antioxidant may include at least one of isobutylenated methylstyrenated phenol, a styrenated phenol, various o-, m-, p-cresols (e.g., 4,4′thiobis-6-(t-butyl-m-cresol), 4,4′-butylidenebis-b-(t-butyl-m-cresol)), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, (octadecanoxycarbonylether) phenol, tetrakis-(methylene-(3,5-ditertbuty-4-hydrocinnamate)methane, 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-nonyl) phenol, 1, 3, 5-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenxyl-)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 (1H, 3H, 5H)-trione, or any combination thereof. The antimicrobial agents may include, for example, at least one of silver zeolite, silver zirconium phosphate, silver nitrate, silver thiosulfate, silver sulphadiazine, silver fusidate, and quaternary ammonium compounds (“QAC”). Other classes of silver-based antimicrobial agents may be used as well, for example a silver acetate, a silver bromide, a silver carbonate, a silver chlorate, a silver chloride, a silver citrate, a silver fluoride, a silver iodate, a silver lactate, a silver nitrate, a silver nitrite, a silver perchlorate or a silver sulfide. The antioxidant and/or antimicrobial additives may be added in the rage of 0-10% by weight, preferably 0-1%.
In alternative aspects, one or more of the above discussed additives may be added to the mixture after the mixture is melted or during the cooling process. After heating and mixing the mixture of styrene-based polymer, the plasticizing oil(s), and one or more optional additives, these components are melted together in such a manner that a homogeneous, molten mixture is obtained. Specifically, one method of manufacture involves mixing the ingredients and bringing the mixture to a melting temperature between 350° F. and 450° F. After obtaining the molten mixture, the molten mixture may be extruded via an extruder, molded via a molding machine, or injected into a closed mold, open mold, or other similar vessel into the desired shape. Upon final formation, the ingredients form a gel matrix.
Within the thermoplastic elastomer is a phase change material. When lower temperatures are used, the phase change material is a lipid or a combination or association of one or more ligands that change phase from solid to liquid at a low temperature. The phase change lipid or materials are of the hydrocarbon type such as N-alkenes or N-alkanes. Applicable examples are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecane, 1-tetradecene, etc. or linear alpha olefins such as those marketed by Chevron Philips and Ineos with carbon numbers ranging between 8 and 18. In one embodiment, the phase change lipids and/or materials are composed of tetradecene, which has 14 carbon molecules and utilizes a double bond on the first carbon. Further, it was found that any carbon chain with proper vapor pressure and in the proper melting point range would be sufficient. Additionally, other hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, or vegetable oils having a phase change temperature between −10° C. to 25° C. and preferably between 0° C. to 20° C. may be used. Any of the described phase change materials may be used in combination with each other or individually within the matrix described herein.
When higher temperatures are desired, the phase change material is a paraffin or linear alpha olefin having a fusion temperature between 45° C. to 65° C. Appropriate examples include those linear alpha olefins marketing by Chevron Phillips and Ineos with carbon numbers of 24 to 30 and mixtures thereof. Other suitable materials include hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils having a phase change temperature between 45° C. to 65° C.
The disclosed garments will now be described in more detail with reference to the Figures.
In certain aspects, the inner and outer layer knitted fabric layers 21, 23 are selected to further synergistically maximize the reduction and/or prevention of post-surgical, excessive bruising, swelling, and edema associated with surgical procedures. The inner fabric layer 21 and outer fabric layer 23 are optional for the garment 10 with the addition of either layer being included for support. For example, these knitted fabric layers and the yarns included in the fabric layers and the filaments included within the yarns of the knitted layers may be selected to maximize compressibility of the gel to further maximize post-surgical treatment for the reduction and/or prevention of bruising, swelling, and edema. Depending on the desired effects, the inner and outer knitted fabric layer are the same, or alternatively, the inner and outer knitted fabric layer are different. For example, the knitted inner and outer layer fabric layers may independently be made from, for example, a non-low melt polyester yarn, a non-low nylon yarn, a non-low polypropylene yarn, a non-low melt polyethylene yarn, cotton yarn, wool yarn, any combinations thereof, and these yarns may be either multifilament or monofilament. In certain aspects, the yarns included within the inner and outer layer knitted fabric layers are multifilament having a mass ranging from 110 to 160 denier, 120 to 150 denier, 130 to 145 denier, and 135 to 145 denier. In certain aspects, the knit fabric of the inner and outer fabric layers are independently a weft knit having multidirectional stretch characteristics that aid in further enhancing durability of the thermoformable assembly. The knit fabric of the inner and outer fabric layers may independently include from 6 to 12 courses per cm more preferably from 8 to 10 courses per cm2 and from 9 to 14 wales per cm2, more preferably 10 to 12 wales per cm2 in the weft knit. In certain preferred aspects, the inner and outer fabric layers independently include 9 courses and 11 wales per cm2. In certain aspects, the knit fabric of the inner and outer fabric layers independently have an elasticity ranging from 80 to 140%, preferably 100 to 130%, and most preferably 115 to 125% in a vertical direction and from 60 to 100%, preferably 70 to 90%, and most preferably 75 to 85% in the horizontal direction. In certain aspects, the inner layer 21, outer layer 23, and the knitted body configured to be the thermoformable resin may independently include a milano knitting pattern, a plain jersey knitting pattern, an interlock jersey knitting pattern, an interlock knitting pattern, a rib knitting pattern, a polite de roma knitting pattern, or any combination thereof.
When initially making the thermoformable assembly, the knitted body made from a co-polyester yarn, a poly-caprolactone yarn, or a combination thereof and optionally having a polyester fiber may be positioned in between the inner and outer layer fabric layers. After layering this stack, this layered stack is heated to a sufficient temperature to melt the knitted body from a co-polyester yarn, a poly-caprolactone yarn, or a combination thereof to bond these layers together. In certain aspects and because the knitted body is made from a co-polyester yarn, a poly-caprolactone yarn, or a combination thereof includes fabric “windows”, this knitted body of co-polyester yarn, a poly-caprolactone yarn, or a combination thereof may be preferred over a solid sheet (e.g., a laminate layer) made from the same material because the windows and knitted structure may allow for stronger bonding while concurrently lowering manufacturing costs of the thermoformable assembly. However, in certain alternative aspects, a solid sheet of the thermoformable resin may be used when manufacturing the thermoformable assembly. In additional aspects, the thermoformable assembly is preferably configured to be repeatedly heated and reshaped to the user's contours. For example, with regard to a rhinoplasty, the thermoformable assembly may be heated to or slightly above the thermoformable resin's transition temperature to ensure that the thermoformable assembly may be shaped to the user's contours. It is important that thermoformable resin hardens and becomes rigid after heating to (or beyond) its transition temperature. However, it is also important that the thermoformable resin does not become brittle after heating such that the thermoformable assembly is fragile, lacks durability, and may not be re-heated and/or re-shaped. Thus, the disclosed thermoformable assembly may be advantageously repeatedly heated and re-shaped into a rigid structure having desired contours.
The garment 10 may include a strap 50, 51 configured to secure around a user's head to hold the garment 10 in place on the user's face, and the garment 10 includes hook and loop fasteners 40, 41 for securing the strap to the garment 10. In certain aspects, the hook or loop fastener may be attached to one end of the strap and the complimentary hook or loop fastener may be attached on the thermoformable assembly 20 or on another strap. For example, in certain aspects, the garment 10 includes two straps 50, 51 configured to secure around a user's head to hold the garment 10 in place on the user's face.
The garment 10 may preferably be a partial face garment configured for placement over a user's eyes and the bridge of the nose. The styrene based gel of this partial face garment 10 can be heated and/or cooled to a desired temperature and applied and fastened to the user's face to treat post-surgical bruising, swelling, and edema associated with, for example, rhinoplasty, eyelid surgery, check implantation, or any combination thereof. The garment 10 can also be used after dermatological procedures and facial treatments at spas, including procedures such as chemical peels and dermabrasion. This garment 10 is preferred over conventional hydrogel garments because unlike hydrogel based garments, this garment exhibits low thermal conductivity and high durability and resiliency coupled with the ability to provide evenly distributed compressive forces (e.g., a high modulus of elasticity). Additionally, this garment 10 advantageously results in better patient comfort and overall improved healing due to the combination of any of (i) low thermal conductivity, (ii) high durability and resiliency, (iii) evenly distributed compressive forces, and (iv) customizability or formability achieved by post-surgical treatment garment 10. In certain aspects, the garment 10 further includes, for example, fabric or a fabric layer that lines the peripheral edges of garment 10 and conceals one or more layers of the thermoformable assembly. For example, in certain aspects, the fabric or fabric layer completely lines the peripheral edges of garment 10 and completely conceals the thermoformable assembly such that the thermoformable assembly is not visible to the wearer or another observer. In certain aspects, garment 10 is more aesthetically pleasing when the fabric or fabric layer lines the peripheral edges of garment 10.
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The garments disclosed herein may further include many different shapes and embodiments having a wide variety of uses. For example, these garments may be adapted for specific body parts and specific surgical procedures, which include, but are not limited, liposuction and surgical procedures involving the chin (e.g., chin implants), neck (e.g., a neck lift), etc. As shown in
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After the thermoformable layer has cooled, a PCM layer 920 is applied to the inside surface of the thermoformable layer that will contact the user's skin. The mask or other therapeutic device 920 has at least one eye hole 930 and at least one mouth hole 940. This configuration allows for the maximum amount of contact from the cosmetic or therapeutic mask to the user's face. The strapped fabric 950 is applied afterwards and used to hold the formable layer to the user's face. The strapped fabric has a first end 960 and second end 980 each having preferable having a fastener 958. Fasteners such as hook and loop, buttons, and other known fastening means can be used. The strapped fabric 950 also has at least one eye hole 930 and at least one mouth hole 940.
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Bonding between layers is generally achieved by heating the thermoformable layer beyond its heat deflection temperature and pressing the layer onto the layer with which it is desired to make a composite material. The layers may also be made into a composite by injecting or casting liquefied polymer onto the layer. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that similar techniques can be used to bond the various layers of the present invention together.
The polymeric gel layer 30 (or gel matrix layer 730 or PCM layer 920 depending on embodiment) can also include a plurality of reflecting fragments. These reflecting fragments are preferably distributed evenly throughout the polymeric gel layer 30. These fragments preferably comprise glitter or a similar material which reflect light. The average particle size of these fragments is preferably between 200-700 μm.
The garment 1040, when made with gel bonded to it, can be manufactured such that as few steps are needed to get a final product. First, the desired type of fabric is placed on around an aluminum substrate, although the substrate may be any similarly strong metal. A mold is then placed on the fabric. Heated gel is dispensed onto the portion of the fabric encompassed by the mold. The gel is then left to cure. This curing process generally takes 0.5 to 5 minutes depending on the thickness of gel dispensed. Once the gel has finished curing, the fabric and gel product is placed around a plastic substrate. This plastic substrate is between the portion of the fabric having gel on it and the portion without so that only one side of the fabric is die cut if features such as mouth holes, eye holes, etc. are desired.
In certain embodiments, the present invention may be configured to be placed within or onto a fabric, structure, garment, or any equivalent that is used for the purposes of contacting a user. The fabric, structure, garment, or any equivalent may be secured to the user by way of straps, strings, hook and loop fasteners, such as Velcro, magnets, rivets or any equivalent fastening means. Also, the fastening means may include techniques that allow the material to be situated within another material, such as a bag, towel, paper cloth, or any equivalent, which is then collectively secured or introduced to the user. For example, a user may place the present material into a damp towel, which is then situated to rest on her foot. Further, the securing of the disclosed invention may be accomplished without such fastening means, especially if the materials are configured to conform to the user's geometry or dimensions.
In certain embodiments, the present invention may be configured to form to a user's face, head, neck, upper or lower torso, feet, legs, or arms, or any combinations thereof. The user's specific needs for using the present invention will dictate its geometric form.
The present disclosure includes that contained in the appended claims, as well as that of the foregoing description. Although this invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/656,564 entitled “Phase Change Material for Thermal Therapy and Delivery of Active Ingredients” filed on Jul. 21, 2017, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent No. 62/364,998 filed on Jul. 21, 2016, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/602,893 filed on Jan. 22, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/040,771 filed on Aug. 22, 2014, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/051,847 filed on Sep. 17, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/062,372 filed on Oct. 10, 2014. This application also claims priority to pending provisional application No. 62/658,059 filed Apr. 16, 2018 entitled “Phase Change Material for Reduction of Swelling, Edema, and Bruising.” This application also claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 16/008,285 filed on Jun. 14, 2018 entitled “Thermoformable Retainer for Facemasks,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/619,936, filed Jan. 22, 2018. The contents of each of the above-listed applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62658059 | Apr 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16008285 | Jun 2018 | US |
| Child | 16382582 | US | |
| Parent | 14602893 | Jan 2015 | US |
| Child | 16008285 | US | |
| Parent | 15656564 | Jul 2017 | US |
| Child | 14602893 | US |
