Patent Application
20220056014
The present application is based on the following Chinese patent applications and claims priority to these applications, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties:
Chinese Application No. 201910806179.2, filed on Aug. 28, 2019; and
Chinese Application No. 201811553504.0, filed on Dec. 18, 2018.
The present disclosure relates to the fields of chemistry and medicine, and particularly, to a novel phenylpyrrolidine compound and use thereof.
Phosphodiesterase (abbreviated as PDE), also known as 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to produce 5′-adenosine monophosphate (5′-AMP), or catalyzing the hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to produce 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP). Eleven phosphodiesterases have been identified so far. Among them, PDE4, PDE7 and PDE8 have specificity to cAMP. PDE4 is the most important regulator for cAMP expressed in immune and inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes. cAMP is a crucial second messenger for regulating inflammatory response. It has been reported that PDE4 can also regulate the inflammatory response of inflammatory cells by regulating proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-2, IFN-7, GM-CSF, and LTB4. By inhibiting PDE4, it can effectively treat inflammatory diseases, for example, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease, and atopic dermatitis (AD).
It is known that PDE4 is divided into four subtypes, i.e., PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C, and PDE4D. An inhibition of PDE4D can cause side effects such as vomiting, while a selective inhibition of PDE4B can alleviate the side effects such as vomiting.
In addition, the cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) are also important second messengers for regulating the smooth muscle contractility. PDE can hydrolyze the cyclic nucleotides and thus play an important role in regulating the level and duration of action of cellular cyclic nucleotides. Compounds for inhibiting PDE can increase the cellular level of the cyclic nucleotides and relax various types of smooth muscles. Research shows that PDE4 is cAMP-specific and is expressed in the bladder in large quantities. In WO2016040083A1, it is reported that the disclosed azetidinyloxyphenylpyrrolidine compounds can act as PDE4 inhibitors and can be used to treat overactive bladder (OAB), including relief of related symptoms such as frequent urination, urgent urination and other conditions.
Currently, certain progress has been made in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, and autoimmune diseases. However, it is still required to develop new drugs for improving and replacing the existing drugs.
The present disclosure provides a compound capable of effectively inhibiting PDE4, and the compound can be used as an improvement or replacement of the existing drugs or PDE4 inhibitors.
Accordingly, in a first aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a compound. The compound is represented by formula (A), or a tautomer, a stereoisomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a salt, or a prodrug of the compound represented by formula (A):
wherein,
R is
R1 and R2 are each independently selected from H, C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C1-C10 alkoxyl, halogen, and —CN; and
R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C1-C10 alkoxyl, halogen, and —CN,
under the premise that:
when R1 is —CH3, Cl or —CN, R2 is not H; and
when R1 is H, R2 is not H, —CN or —CH3.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the above compound may also have at least one of the following additional technical features.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R1, R3, R4, and R5 are each independently selected from H, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 alkoxyl, halogen, and —CN.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R1, R3, R4, and R5 are each independently selected from H, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyl, halogen, and —CN.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R2 is selected from H, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 alkoxyl, halogen, and —CN.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R2 is selected from H, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxyl, halogen, and —CN.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the halogen is F, Cl, Br, or I.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R1 is selected from —CH3, —CF3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CF3, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, —OCH(CH3)2, cyclopropyl, F, Cl, Br, or —CN; R2 is selected from H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, F, Cl, or —CN; and R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from —CH3, —CF3, —CH2CH3, —CH2CF3, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, —OCH(CH3)2, cyclopropyl, F, Cl, Br, or —CN.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxyl, F, Cl, Br, I, or —CN; and R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxyl, F, Cl, Br, I, or —CN; under the premise that, when R1 is —CH3, Cl, or —CN, R2 is not H; and when R1 is H, R2 is not H, —CN, or —CH3.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R1 is selected from —CH3, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, F, Cl, or —CN; R2 is selected from H, —CH3, F, Cl, or —CN, under the premise that, when R1 is —CH3, Cl, or —CN, R2 is not H; R3 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cycloalkyl, F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably methyl, ethyl, or a chlorine atom; R4 is selected from —CH3, —OCH3, F, Cl, or —CN, preferably Cl or —CN; and R5 is selected from C1-C6 alkoxyl, preferably methoxy.
R1 and R2 are each independently selected from H, C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C1-C10 alkoxyl, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN; and R3, and R4, and R5 are each independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C1-C10 alkoxyl, F, Cl, Br, I, or —CN, under the premise that, when R1 is —CH3, Cl, or —CN, R2 is not H; and when R1 is H, R2 is not H, —CN, or —CH3.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R1 is selected from —CH3, —CH2CH3, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, —OCH(CH3)2, F, Cl, or —CN; and R2 is selected from H, —CH3, —CH2CH3, F, Cl, —CN; under the premise that, when R1 is —CH3, Cl, or —CN, R2 is not a H atom.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R3 is selected from C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, F, Cl, Br, or I, preferably methyl, ethyl, or a chlorine atom.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R4 is selected from —CH3, —OCH3, F, Cl, or —CN, preferably Cl or —CN.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, R5 is selected from C1-C10 alkoxyl, preferably methoxy.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the compound is any one of the following compounds, or the compound is a tautomer, a stereoisomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug of any one of the following compounds:
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the salt includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts and is at least one selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, salicylic acid, alginic acid, anthranilic acid, camphoric acid, citric acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, furoic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, isethionic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, mucic acid, pamoic acid, pantothenic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, sulfanilic acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, malonic acid, 2-hydroxypropionic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, citric acid, lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, cinnamic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Those skilled in the art can understand that, in addition to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, other salts can also be used in the present disclosure, acting as intermediates in the purification of compounds or in the preparation of other pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or for identifying, characterizing or purifying the compounds of the present disclosure.
In a second aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition, including the aforementioned compound as an active ingredient; and an additional and selectable drug used for treatment or prevention of at least one of: a PDE4-related disease, an inflammatory disease, an allergic disease, an autoimmune disease, transplant rejection, an arthritic disease, a skin inflammatory disease, an inflammatory bowel disease and a disease related to smooth muscle contractility, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis or spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and overactive bladder, frequent urination, and urgent urination. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a diluent, or an excipient.
In a third aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides the use of the aforementioned compound or pharmaceutical composition in a preparation of a drug for treatment or prevention of a PDE4-related disease.
In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides the use of the aforementioned compound or pharmaceutical composition in a preparation of a drug for treatment or prevention of at least one disease selected from: an inflammatory disease, an allergic disease, an autoimmune disease, transplant rejection, an arthritic disease, a skin inflammatory disease, an inflammatory bowel disease and a disease related to smooth muscle contractility, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis or spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and overactive bladder, frequent urination, and urgent urination.
In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a drug combination, including the compound described above as an active ingredient, and an additional drug used for treatment or prevention of at least one selected from: a PDE4-related disease, an inflammatory disease, an allergic disease, an autoimmune disease, transplant rejection, an arthritic disease, a skin inflammatory disease, an inflammatory bowel disease and a disease related to smooth muscle contractility, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic dermatitis, psoriasis, urticaria, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis or spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and overactive bladder, frequent urination, and urgent urination.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by administrating the compound, pharmaceutical composition or drug combination of the present disclosure, patients in need thereof can be provided with better and more effective clinical therapeutic drugs or regimens. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides a series of PDE4 inhibitors with novel structure, strong specificity, excellent efficacy, high bioavailability or good druggability, which can effectively treat PDE4-related diseases or disorders, including, but not limited to, inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, arthritic diseases, skin inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and a disease related to smooth muscle contractility.
Further, the present disclosure relates to the use of the compound represented by general formula (A) or a stereoisomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a prodrug thereof in preparation of a drug for treating a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) related disease.
In a preferred solution of the present disclosure, the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) related disease is selected from an inflammatory disease, an allergic disease, an autoimmune disease, transplant rejection, an arthritic disease, a skin inflammatory disease, an inflammatory bowel disease, and a disease related to smooth muscle contractility.
In a preferred solution of the present disclosure, the allergic disease is selected from asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pneumonia, allergic rhinitis, or adult respiratory distress syndrome.
In a preferred solution of the present disclosure, the skin inflammatory disease is selected from idiopathic dermatitis, psoriasis, or urticaria.
In a preferred solution of the present disclosure, the arthritic disease is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis, or spondylitis.
In a preferred solution of the present disclosure, the inflammatory bowel disease is selected from ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
In a preferred solution of the present disclosure, the disease related to smooth muscle contractility is selected from overactive bladder and related symptoms, e.g., frequent urination and urgent urination.
The present disclosure also relates to a method for treating phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) related diseases, and the method includes, administrating a therapeutically effective dose of a pharmaceutical formulation containing the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient.
Unless otherwise stated, the definitions of groups and terms described in the specification and claims include actual definitions, exemplary definitions, preferred definitions, definitions recorded in tables, and definitions of specific compounds in the examples, etc., which can be arbitrarily combined and integrated with each other. The group definitions and compound structures that are combined and integrated should fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a non-toxic acid or base, including salts of inorganic acids and bases, as well as organic acids and bases. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, metal salts formed by Al, Ca, Li, Mg, K, Na, and Zn. Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary or tertiary amines, including organic salts formed by naturally occurring substituted or unsubstituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ion exchange resins, for example, organic salts formed by ammonium, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, caffeine, procaine, choline, betaine, benethamine penicillin, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purine, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, or polyamine resin. Salts derived from inorganic and organic acids include, but are not limited to, organic salts formed by sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, salicylic acid, alginic acid, anthranilic acid, camphoric acid, citric acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, furoic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, isethionic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, mucic acid, pamoic acid, pantothenic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, sulfanilic acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, malonic acid, 2-hydroxypropionic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, citric acid, lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, cinnamic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, etc.
The term “stereoisomer” refers to an isomer produced by a different spatial arrangement of atoms in the molecule, including cis-/trans-isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, and conformational isomers.
The term “tautomer” refers to an isomer of a functional group resulting from a rapid movement of an atom between two positions in a molecule. The compound of the present disclosure may exhibit tautomerism. Tautomeric compounds can be present in two or more mutually convertible species. The prototropy tautomer are resulted from a transfer of covalently bonded hydrogen atoms between two atoms. The tautomer generally exist in an equilibrium form. When trying to separate a single tautomer, a mixture is usually produced, the physical and chemical properties of which are consistent with the mixture of compounds. The position of equilibrium depends on the intramolecularly chemical properties. For example, for many aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, such as acetaldehyde, ketonic type is dominant; and for phenols, enol type is dominant. All tautomeric forms of the compounds are included in the present disclosure.
The term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the compounds described herein or physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof and other chemical components. The other chemical components can be, for example, physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients. The pharmaceutical composition aims to facilitate the administration of the compound to an organism.
The term “solvate” refers to the compound of the present disclosure or a salt thereof including a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric solvent bonded through an intermolecular non-covalent force. When the solvent is water, the solvate is a hydrate.
The term “prodrug” can be converted into the compound of the present disclosure having biological activity under physiological conditions or through solvolysis. The prodrug of the present disclosure is prepared by modifying the functional groups in the compound, and the modification moiety can be removed by conventional operations or in vivo, so as to obtain the parent compound. The prodrug includes a compound, which is formed by connecting a moiety to a hydroxyl group or amino group in the compound of the present disclosure. When the prodrug of the compound of the present disclosure is administered to a mammal individual, the prodrug is dissociated to form a free hydroxyl or amino group.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “alkyl” refers to a linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group, where one or more hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group may be substituted by halogens such as F, Br, or Cl. As a specific example, hydrogens on one or more carbon atoms can be substituted by halogens such as F, Br, or Cl, and the substituted hydrocarbon group can still be considered as belonging to the category of “alkyl”. For example, the term “C1-C10 alkyl” can be interpreted to represent a linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl is, for example, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, neopentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl or 1,2-dimethylbutyl, etc. or isomers thereof. In particular, the group has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkyl” or “C1-C6 alkyl”), for example, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, more particularly, the group has 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkyl” or “C1-C3 alkyl”), for example, methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, “cycloalkyl” should be interpreted to represent a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, where one or more hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon ring may be substituted by halogens such as F, Br, or Cl. As a specific example, hydrogens on one or more carbon atoms can be substituted by halogens such as F, Br, or Cl. These substituted hydrocarbon rings can still be understood as belonging to the category of “cycloalkyl”. For example, the term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl” can be interpreted to represent a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, e.g., cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl or cyclodecyl, or a bicyclic hydrocarbon group such as a decahydronaphthalene ring. In particular, cycloalkyl may have 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms (“C3-6 cycloalkyl” or “C3-C6 cycloalkyl”), for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the term “alkoxyl” indicates that a saturated linear or branched alkane is connected to another group via an oxygen atom bond, where one or more hydrogen atoms can be substituted by halogens such as F, Br, or Cl. As a specific example, hydrogens on one or more carbon atoms can be substituted by halogens such as F, Br, or Cl. These substituted groups can still be understood as belonging to the category of “cycloalkyl”. Specifically, the term “C1-C10 alkoxyl” can indicate that a saturated linear or branched alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms is connected to a structure via an oxygen atom bond, for example, methoxy (—OCH3), (—OCF3)—O—(CH2)9—CH3, particularly, the group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkoxyl” or “C1-C6 alkoxyl”), for example, —O—(CH2)5—CH3.
The term “excipient” refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable inert ingredient. Examples of the “excipient” include, but not limited to, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, stabilizers, fillers, diluents, and the like. Excipients can improve the properties in term of the processing of the pharmaceutical formulation, i.e., allowing the formulation to be more suitable for direct compression by increasing fluidity and/or adhesion. Examples of typical “pharmaceutically acceptable carriers” suitable for the above formulations are: sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol; starches such as corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and methyl cellulose; calcium phosphates, such as dicalcium phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate; sodium sulfate; calcium sulfate; polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyvinyl alcohol; stearic acid; alkaline earth metal salts of stearic acid, such as magnesium stearate and calcium stearate; stearic acid; vegetable oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil and corn oil; non-ionic, cationic, and anionic surfactants; ethylene glycol polymers; fatty alcohols; and grain hydrolyzed solids and other non-toxic compatible fillers, binders, disintegrants, buffers, preservatives, antioxidants, lubricants, coloring agents, and other excipients commonly used in drug formulations.
The present disclosure also relates to a method for preparing the compound represented by general formula (A) of the present disclosure, and the method includes:
where R is selected from
R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are defined as above; X is halogen, such as —Cl, —Br, —I, etc.; and the structure of formula (IV) is
The compound of formula (I) is subjected to a coupling reaction with 3-azetidinol or a salt thereof under a catalyst to obtain the compound of formula (II); the compound of formula (II) reacts with methylsulfonyl chloride to obtain the compound of formula (III); the compound of formula (III) further undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction with the compound of formula (IV) to obtain the compound of formula (V); and the protective moiety of the compound of formula (V) is removed under acidic conditions to obtain the target compound (A).
The synthetic scheme and preparation method of the compound represented by formula (IV) refer to the synthetic methods disclosed in patent applications WO2001047905A1, CN106795137A and the literature by Nichols, P. J.; DeMattei, J. A. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 1495-1498.
According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, 1) the present disclosure provides PDE4 inhibitors that have novel structures, excellent pharmacokinetic properties, and good efficacy or druggability, suitable for effective treatment of PDE4-related diseases and disorders; and 2) according to the examples of the present disclosure, the compound of the present disclosure has more significant selective inhibitory activity on PDE4B type than the PDE4D type; and compared with the positive control compounds, the compound of the present disclosure has higher PDE4B selectivity and can significantly reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as vomiting caused by PDE4D inhibition.
The additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be partly given in the following description, and part of them will become apparent from the following description, or can be understood through the implementation of the present disclosure.
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and easy to understand from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
The technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described in detail below through embodiments, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
Unless otherwise specified, structures of the compounds of the present disclosure are identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and/or mass spectrometry (MS). The unit of NMR shift is 10−6 (ppm). The solvent for NMR measurement is deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide, deuterated chloroform, deuterated methanol, etc., and the internal standard is tetramethylsilane (TMS).
The abbreviations in the present disclosure are defined as follows:
Ms: methylsulfonyl; lipopolysaccharide (LPS): endotoxin; PBMC: peripheral blood monocytes; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α; PBS: phosphate buffer solution; FBS: fetal bovine serum; “IC50” refers to a half maximal inhibitory concentration, i.e., the concentration at which half of the maximum inhibitory effect can be reached.
The synthesis scheme of target compound 001 is as follows:
At room temperature, 2-bromo-4-chloro-5-methylpyridine (001A) (5 g, 25 mmol) was added to 150 ml of DMSO. 3-azetidinol hydrochloride (4.1 g, 37.5 mmol), cuprous iodide (1 g, 5.1 mmol), L-proline (1.15 g, 10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (10.4 g, 75 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction solution was heated to 90° C. and stirred overnight under nitrogen protection. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with distilled water (600 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (200 ml×2), and separated; and the separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain a solid compound 1-(4-chloro-5)-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (001B) (4.2 g, yield 84%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 200 (M+1)
1-(4-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidine-3-ol (001B) (30 mg, 0.15 mmol) was dissolved in DMA (4 ml), followed by adding zinc cyanide (53 mg, 0.45 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (35 mg, 0.03 mmol), microwave heating to 120° C. under the protection of nitrogen, and continuing the reaction for 2 h. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was separated and purified by silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain the titled compound, 2-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-5-methylisonicotinonitrile (001C) (10 mg, yield 34.7%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 190 (M+1)
2-(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)-5-methylisonicotinonitrile (001C) (110 mg, 0.58 mmol) was added to dichloromethane (5 ml), followed by adding triethyl amine (176 mg, 1.7 mmol), cooling to 0° C., adding methylsulfonyl chloride (100 mg, 0.87 mmol), and stirring at room temperature for 2 h. The obtained solution was diluted with dichloromethane (20 ml), and the organic phase was washed with deionized water (20 ml×3) and separated. The organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain white solid compound 1-(4-cyano-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl methanesulfonate (001D) (130 mg, yield 84%).
Compound ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)((3S,4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-(3-(R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl))methanone (Compound IV) (150 mg, 0.39 mmol) was added to DMF (2 ml), followed by adding potassium phosphate (339 mg, 1.6 mmol), then heating to 90° C. and stirring for 0.5 h, cooling to 40° C., adding 1-(4-cyano-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl methanesulfonate (001D) (130 mg, 0.48 mmol), heating to 90° C., and stirring overnight. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with distilled water (10 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (10 ml×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain a solid compound 2-(3-(5-((3S,4S)-1-((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carbonyl)-4-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)-5-methylisonicotinonitrile (001E) (93 mg, yield 34%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 551 (M+1).
2-(3-(5-((3S,4S)-1-((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carbonyl)-4-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)-5-methylisonicotinonitrile (001E) (82 mg, 0.15 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (4 ml), added with 1N hydrochloric acid (2 ml), and stirred at room temperature overnight. pH was adjusted to 8-9 with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and extraction was performed with ethyl acetate (15 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purify with a silica gel column (pure ethyl acetate), so as to obtain the target compound 2-(3-(5-((3S,4S)-1-((S)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoyl)-4-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)azetidin-1-yl)-5-methylisonicotinonitrile (target compound 001) (20 mg, yield 26%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.19 (s, 1H), 6.96-6.86 (m, 3H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 5.13 (q, 1H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.34 (m, 6H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 511 (M+1).
Using 4-chloro-2-bromo-5-methylpyridine (002A) as a starting material, the target compound 002 was prepared with the method as described in Step 1 and Step 3 to Step 5 in the preparation method of compound 001. The specific preparation route and method are as follows:
4-chloro-2-bromo-5-methylpyridine (002A) (5.0 g, 25 mmol) was added to DMSO (150 ml), followed by adding azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride (4.1 g, 37.5 mmol), cuprous iodide (975 mg, 5 mmol), L-proline (1.15 g, 10 mmol) and potassium carbonate (10.4 g, 75 mmol). The reaction solution was heated to 90° C. and stirred overnight under the protection of nitrogen. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with deionized water (650 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (150 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (200 ml×2), and separated. The organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain the solid compound 1-(4-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (002B) (4 g, yield 83%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 199[M+1].
1-(4-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (002B) (4 g, 20 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml), and triethylamine (8.4 ml, 60 mmol) was added. Then, the reaction solution was cooled to 0° C., methylsulfonyl chloride (2.3 ml, 30 mmol) was added dropwise, the temperature was then raised to room temperature, and the reaction solution was stirred for 2 h. The obtained solution was diluted with dichloromethane (100 ml), washed with deionized water (60 ml×3), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain light yellow liquid compound, 1-(4-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl methanesulfonate (002C) (3.5 g, yield 63%).
Compound ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)((3S,4S)4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (3.5 g, 9.3 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (70 ml), and potassium phosphate (7.9 g, 37.2 mmol) was added. The reaction solution was heated to 90° C. and reacted for 0.5 h. The reaction solution was cooled to 40° C., followed by adding 1-(4-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-methylsulfonate (002C) (3.07 g, 1.1 mmol), heating to 90° C., and stirring overnight. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with deionized water (400 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (100 ml×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1)) to obtain a solid compound, ((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(4-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (002D) (2.1 g, yield 41%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 560 [M+1].
((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(4-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (002D) (2.1 g, 3.75 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml), followed by adding hydrochloric acid (1N, 10 ml), and stirring at room temperature overnight. The obtained solution was adjusted to pH of 8-9 with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (pure ethyl acetate) to obtain the target compound, (S)-1-((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(3-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-one (002) (1.6 g, 82%).
1H NMR (400 M Hz, DMSO-d6) δ7.99 (s, 1H), 6.95 (q, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.11 (q, 1H), 4.91 (q, 2H), 4.76 (q, 1H), 4.36 (q, 2H), 4.25 (q, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.73-3.34 (m, 6H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.00 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 520 (M+1).
The target compound 003 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 6-bromo-3-methyl-2-cyanopyridine (003A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.64 (q, 1H), 6.96-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 5.12 (q, 1H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.95 (m, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.66-3.48 (m, 7H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.65 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 511 (M+1).
The target compound 004 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 3-fluoro-2-bromo-5-methylpyridine (004A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.78 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 6.94 (d, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 5.32 (t, 1H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 4.43 (d, 2H), 4.24 (d, 2H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 1H), 3.64-3.46 (m, 6H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.63 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 504 [M+1].
The target compound 005 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002 using 3-chloro-2-bromo-5-methylpyridine (005A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.94 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 6.93 (q, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 5.07 (q, 1H), 4.52 (q, 4H), 4.22 (d, 2H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.57-3.47 (m, 6H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.63 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 520 [M+1].
The target compound 006 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002 using 2-bromo-5-methyl-3-cyanopyridine (006A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 M Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.21 (q, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 6.97-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 5.12 (q, 1H), 4.84 (q, 2H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.47 (m, 7H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 511 [M+1].
The target compound 007 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002 using 2-bromo-5, 6-dimethylpyridine (007A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.29 (s, 1H), 6.94 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.23 (m, 1H), 5.08 (m, 1H), 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.36 (d, 2H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.50 (m, 6H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.63 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 500 [M+1].
The target compound 008 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002 using 2-bromo-4,5-dimethylpyridine (008A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.30 (m, 1H), 5.06 (m, 1H), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.38 (d, 2H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 4.10 (m, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.74-3.49 (m, 6H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 500 [M+1].
The target compound 009 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 3-fluoro-2-bromo-5-chloropyridine (009A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.00 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 6.95 (m, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.14-4.79 (m, 4H), 4.52 (d, 2H), 4.26 (d, 1H), 4.06 (d, 2H), 3.95-3.60 (m, 6H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 1.00 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 524 [M+1]
The target compound 010 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 5-chloro-2-bromo-4-methylpyridine (010A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.02 (d, 1H), 6.96 (m, 1H), 6.93 (m, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 5.06 (q, 1H), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.36 (q, 2H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.66-3.48 (m, 6H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H)
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 520 [M+1].
The target compound 011 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002 using 5-chloro-2-bromo-6-methylpyridine (011A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.54 (dd, 1H), 6.94 (dd, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d, 1H), 5.10 (m, 1H), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.74 (dt, 1H), 4.37 (q, 2H), 4.24 (q, 1H), 3.90 (m, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.73-3.37 (m, 5H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 520 [M+1].
The target compound 012 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-4-methyl-5-cyanopyridine (012A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.39 (d, 1H), 6.96 (dd, 1H), 6.89 (d, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 5.15 (q, 1H), 4.88 (q, 2H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.48 (t, 1H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.55 (m, 6H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 511 [M+1].
The target compound 013 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-6-methyl-5-cyanopyridine (7A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.79 (dd, 1H), 6.94 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 5.16 (q, 1H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.48 (t, 1H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.43 (m, 6H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 511 [M+1].
The target compound 014 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 3-chloro-2-bromo-5-fluoropyridine (014A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.17 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 6.94 (m, 2H), 6.68 (m, 1H), 5.08 (m, 1H), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.55 (d, 2H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.67 (m, 6H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.62 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 524 [M+1].
The target compound 015 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-5-methoxypyridine (015A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.85 (s, 1H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.45 (d, 1H), 5.09 (m, 1H), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.72 (m, 1H), 4.31 (m, 3H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 3.92 (d, 1H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.45 (m, 6H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 502 [M+1].
The target compound 016 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-5-methylpyrimidine (016A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.32 (d, 2H), 6.97 (t, 2H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.59 (d, 2H), 4.24 (d, 2H), 4.21 (t, 2H), 3.84 (q, 1H), 3.74-3.30 (m, 6H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.14 (d, 3H), 0.76 (t, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 487 [M+1].
The target compound 017 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-chloro-5-ethylpyrimidine (017A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.37 (d, 2H), 6.97 (t, 2H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 5.16 (s, 1H), 4.61 (d, 2H), 4.27 (d, 2H), 4.22 (t, 2H), 3.87 (q, 1H), 3.74-3.30 (m, 6H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 2.57 (q, 2H), 1.23 (t, 3H), 1.13 (d, 3H), 0.76 (t, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 501 [M+1].
The target compound 018 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-5-chloropyrimidine (018A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.44 (d, 2H), 6.96 (m, 2H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 5.12 (s, 1H), 4.91 (m, 2H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 4.49 (m, 2H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.35 (m, 6H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.64 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 507 [M+1].
The target compound 019 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-cyano-5-chloropiperazine (019A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.55 (t, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 5.18 (m, 1H), 4.89 (m, 2H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 4.64 (m, 2H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.71-3.36 (m, 6H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.65 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 498 [M+1].
The target compound 020 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 3-bromo-6-methoxypyridine (020A) as starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.45 (d, 1H), 7.04 (d, 3H), 6.49 (d, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.35 (m, 16H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 0.64 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 502 (M+1).
The target compound 021 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002 using 2-bromo-3,5-dimethylpyridine (021A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.93 (dd, 1H), 6.86 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 5.05 (m, 1H), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.40 (t, 2H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.96 (m, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.64-3.46 (m, 6H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 500 (M+1).
The target compound 022 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-5-ethoxypyridine (022A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.83 (d, 1H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 6.93 (d, 1H), 6.86 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 6.45 (d, 1H), 5.09 (dd, 1H), 4.87 (m, 2H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.26 (m, 3H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.81 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.51 (m, 6H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 1.29 (t, 3H), 1.03 (d, 3H), 0.64 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 516 (M+1).
The target compound 023 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-5-chloro-3-methylpyridine (023A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.99 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 6.93 (m, 2H), 6.68 (d, 1H), 5.06 (m, 1H), 4.88 (m, 2H), 4.71 (m, 1H), 4.47 (t, 2H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.57-3.48 (m, 7H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 521 (M+1).
The target compound 024 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 5-chloro-2-bromo-3-fluoropyridine (024A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.78 (dt, 1H), 6.96-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 5.13-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.52-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.21 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.44 (m, 10H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.63 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 524.2 (M+1).
The target compound 025 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 5-fluoro-2-bromo-4-methylpyridine (025A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.02 (s, 1H), 6.96-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.53-6.50 (m, 1H), 5.13-5.09 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.37 (m, 4H), 4.25-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.47 (m, 6H), 3.35-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 504.2 (M+1).
The target compound 026 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 5-fluoro-2-bromo-6-methylpyridine (026A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 M Hz, DMSO-d6) δ7.45 (t, 1H), 6.95-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.34 (d, 1H), 5.11-5.08 (m, 1H), 4.37-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.91 (m, 5H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.36 (dd, 1H), 3.19-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.29 (d, 3H), 1.02 (d, 3H), 0.64 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 504.2 (M+1).
The target compound 027 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 1-(6-ethyl-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (027D) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56 (d, 1H), 6.87-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.71-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 5.36-5.34 (m, 1H), 5.08-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.63-4.53 (m, 2H), 4.43-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.23-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.76 (m, 9H), 3.54-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.24 (d, 3H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.14 (m, 6H), 0.76 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 514.3 (M+1).
1-(6-ethyl-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (027D) was prepared according to the following scheme:
2, 6-dichloro-5-methylpyridine (027A) (2.0 g, 12.3 mol) was dissolved in DMSO (20 ml), and 3-azetidinol hydrochloride (1.34 g, 12.3 mmol), cuprous iodide (934 mg, 4.92 mmol), L-proline (282 mg, 2.46 mmol), and potassium carbonate (5.09 g, 36.9 mmol) were added. The mixture was heated to 90° C., and stirred overnight under the protection of nitrogen. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (100 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (40 ml×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified by a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain 1-(6-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol, white solid (027B) (0.4 g, yield 13.8%).
1-(6-chloro-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (027B) (310 mg, 1.32 mol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml), and water (1.0 ml), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)-dichloromethane complex (54 mg, 0.066 mmol), potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (530 mg, 3.96 mmol), and potassium carbonate (546 mg, 3.96 mmol) were added. The mixture was micro-wave heated to 120° C. under the protection of nitrogen and reacted under stirring for 2 hours. The obtained reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, followed by adding water (50 ml), and extracting with ethyl acetate (20 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain the compound 1-(5-methyl-6-vinylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (027C), white solid (280 mg, 100% yield).
The raw material, i.e., 1-(5-methyl-6-vinylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (027C) (0.5 g, 2.63 mmol), was added to ethyl acetate (100 ml), followed by adding 10% Pd/C (0.1 g), introducing hydrogen, and stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to obtain the compound, 1-(6-ethyl-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (027D), white solid (0.4 g, yield 79.1%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 193.1 (M+1).
The target compound 028 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-5-isopropoxypyridine (028A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.86-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.70-6.97 (dd, 1H), 6.93-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.72-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.47 (s, 3H), 5.19-5.16 (m, 1H), 4.62-4.59 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.74-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 1H), 1.04 (d, 3H), 0.82-0.78 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.68 (m, 2H), 0.66 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 530.2 (M+1).
The specific synthesis scheme and method of compound 029 are as follows:
The synthesis processes of steps 1 to 3 refer to the foregoing preparation example of compound 002, using 5-chloro-2-bromo-6-methylpyridine (029A) as the starting material, to obtain an intermediate 029D.
((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-chloro-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (029D) (70 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL), and water (0.3 ml), chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-di-i-propoxy-1,1′-biphenyl) (2-amino-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)palladium(II) (5.2 mg, 0.0067 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)-dichloromethane complex (5.5 mg, 0.0067 mmol), and potassium vinyltrifluoroborate (54 mg, 0.403 mmol) were added. The mixture was heated to 140° C. and stirred overnight, added with water (10 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain the compound ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-methoxy-3-((1-(6-methyl-5-vinylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (029E), white solid (6.2 mg, yield 9.0%).
((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-methoxy-3-((1-(6-methyl-5-vinylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (029E) (150 mg, 0.27 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of methanol, and 10% Pd/C (15 mg) was added, followed by introducing hydrogen gas at room temperature and stirring overnight. The reaction solution was filtered and concentrated to obtain the compound ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (029F), white solid (100 mg, yield 66.6%).
((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (029F) (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml methanol, and hydrochloric acid (1N, 2 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, added with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate to adjust the pH to 8-9, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (25 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (pure ethyl acetate) to obtain the target compound, (S)-1-((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-one (029), (45 mg, yield 48.5%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 (t, 1H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.20 (d, 1H), 5.08-5.05 (m, 1H), 4.56-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.43-4.39 (m, 2H), 4.10-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.76 (m, 8H), 3.56-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.26 (t, 3H), 1.17 (d, 3H), 0.76 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 514.2 (M+1).
The target compound 030 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 029, using 5-chloro-2-bromo-4-methylpyridine (030A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (m, 1H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.20 (d, 1H), 5.08-5.05 (m, 1H), 4.58-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.43-4.39 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.76 (m, 9H), 3.58-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.48 (m, 5H), 2.40 (d, 3H), 1.26-1.13 (m, 6H), 0.76 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 514.3 (M+1).
The target compound 031 was prepared with the preparation method of compound 002, using 2-bromo-5-ethylpyridine (031A) as the starting material.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.94 (s, 1H), 7.42 (dt, 1H), 6.94 (dd, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 5.12-5.09 (m, 1H), 4.92-4.87 (m, 2H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 4.33 (m, 3H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.70-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.37-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.44 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t, 3H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.64 (d, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 500.3 (M+1).
The positive control compound was prepared with the preparation method referring to the patent WO2014159012A1.
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 486 [M+1].
The positive control compound mentioned in the following test examples all refers to the compound in Example 32.
The specific synthesis scheme and method of compound 032 are as follows:
At room temperature, methyl (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate (032A) (10 g, 62.4 mmol) was added to 200 ml of methanol, and the reaction solution was heated to 50° C. and reacted under stirring for 2 h. The completion of the reaction was monitored by TLC (PE:EA=10:1) with potassium permanganate as the chromogenic agent. The reaction solution was concentrated and dried to obtain light yellow solid as crude product of compound 032B (11.6 g, yield 101%), which could be directly put into the next step of reaction.
At room temperature, potassium (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate (032B) (11.5 g, 62.4 mmol) was added to 150 mL of DMF solution, then (R)-1-((3S,4S)-4-(3-(benzyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)ethan-1-ol (7.1 g, 20.8 mmol) was added, the reaction solution was cooled to 0° C., and 50% 1-propylphosphonic anhydride in DMF solution (19.8 g, 31.2 mmol) was added dropwise. Then, the mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature, and stirred under the protection of nitrogen overnight. The solution was diluted with saturated sodium chloride solution (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (100 mL×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain a colorless oily compound ((3S,4S)-4-(3-(benzyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (032C) (6.1 g, yield 62.5%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 470.58 (M+1)
At room temperature, ((3S,4S)-4-(3-(benzyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (032C) (6.1 g, 8.12 mmol) was added to 100 mL of methanol solution, stirred overnight at room temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere, and filtered through celite. The filter cake was washed with methanol (50 mL×3), and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness to obtain a colorless oily compound (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (032D) (3.8 g, yield 77%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 380.45 (M+1)
At room temperature, 2-bromo-5-isopropylpyridine (032E) (2 g, 10 mmol) was added to 10 mL of DMSO, and 3-azetidinol hydrochloride (1.5 g, 14.99 mmol), cuprous iodide (1.9 g, 10.0 mmol), L-proline (0.23 g, 2.0 mmol) and cesium carbonate (6.51 g, 20 mmol) were added sequentially. The reaction solution was heated to 95° C. and stirred overnight under the protection of nitrogen. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (20 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (100 mL×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified by a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain white solid compound, 1-(5-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (032F) (1.0 g, yield 52%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 193.26 (M+1)
1-(5-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (032F) (1.0 g, 5.2 mmol) was added to dichloromethane (5 ml), followed by adding triethylamine (1.05 g, 10.4 mmol) and 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (0.13 g, 1.04 mmol), cooling to 0° C., adding p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.09 g, 5.7 mmol), and then reacting under stirring at room temperature overnight. The obtained reaction solution was diluted with dichloromethane (20 ml), silica gel (20 g), and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified by a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain white solid compound 1-(5-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (032G) (1.6 g, yield 89%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 347.44 (M+1)
The compound (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (032D) (0.4 g, 1.05 mmol) was added to DMF (4 ml), followed by adding cesium carbonate (0.52 g, 1.58 mmol), heating to 50° C. and stirring for 0.5 h. Then 1-(5-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (032G) (0.37 g, 1.05 mmol) was added, heated to 90° C., and stirred for 4 h. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with distilled water (10 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (10 ml×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate. The residue was purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain an oily compound ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(3-((1-(5-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (032H) (0.3 g, yield 51.4%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 554.70 (M+1).
((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(3-((1-(5-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (032H) (0.3 g, 0.54 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL), 4N hydrogen chloride/1,4-dioxane solution (1 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After the completion of the reaction, pH was adjusted to 8-9 with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, and extraction was performed with dichloromethane (15 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (pure ethyl acetate) to obtain the target compound, (S)-2,3-dihydroxy-1-((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(3-((1-(5-isopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one (target compound 032) (0.2 g, yield 71.9%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.94 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.44 (dd, 1H), 6.93-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.67 (q, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 5.11-5.07 (m, 1H), 4.91-4.70 (m, 3H), 4.34-4.31 (m, 3H), 3.83-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.64-3.46 (m, 9H), 3.16 (d, 1H), 2.79-2.76 (m, 1H), 1.14 (d, 6H), 0.99 (d, 3H), 0.62 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 514.63 (M+1).
The specific synthesis scheme and method of compound 033 are as follows:
At room temperature, 2-bromo-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridine (033A) (1 g, 4.17 mmol) was added to 10 mL of DMSO, then 3-azetidinol hydrochloride (0.91 g, 8.33 mmol), cuprous iodide (0.79 g, 4.17 mmol), L-proline (0.1 g, 0.83 mmol) and cesium carbonate (3.39 g, 10.42 mmol) were added sequentially, and the reaction solution was heated to 95° C. and stirred overnight under the protection of nitrogen. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (20 ml), and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (50 ml×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain white solid compound 1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (033B) (0.52 g, yield 53.8%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 232.21 (M+1)
1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (033B) (0.26 g, 1.12 mmol) was added to dichloromethane (5 ml), triethylamine (0.23 g, 2.24 mmol) and 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (27 mg, 0.22 mmol) were added, the mixture was cooled to 0° C., p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (0.24 g, 1.23 mmol) was added, and the solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction solution was diluted with dichloromethane (10 mL), silica gel (5 g), and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified by a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain white solid compound 1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (033C) (0.35 g, yield 81%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 387.39 (M+1)
The compound (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (032D, referring to the synthesis mentioned in step 3 of Example 33 of the present disclosure) (0.35 g, 0.92 mmol) was added to DMF (4 mL), cesium carbonate (0.45 g, 1.38 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated to 50° C. and stirred for 0.5 h. Then 1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (033C) (0.35 g, 0.92 mmol) was added. The solution was heated to 90° C., and stirred and reacted for 4 h. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with distilled water (10 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, washed with saturated brine (10 mL×2), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain an oily compound ((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-methoxy-3-((1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (033D) (0.25 g, yield 45.7%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 594.64 (M+1).
((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-methoxy-3-((1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (033D) (0.25 g, 0.42 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL), 4N hydrogen chloride/1,4-dioxane solution (1 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After the reaction was finished, the obtained solution was adjusted to pH of 8-9 with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, and extracted with dichloromethane (15 mL×3). The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified by a silica gel column (pure ethyl acetate) to obtain the target compound (S)-2,3-dihydroxy-1-((3S,4S)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-methoxy-3-((1-(5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one (target compound 033) (0.18 g, yield 77.2%).
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.03 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.49 (m, 1H), 6.91-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.68 (S, 1H), 6.46 (d, 1H), 5.10-4.70 (m, 5H), 4.36-4.22 (m, 4H), 3.90-3.44 (m, 15H), 3.16 (d, 1H), 2.34-2.30 (m, 1H), 0.99 (d, 3H), 0.62 (s, 3H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 554.58 (M+1).
The specific synthesis scheme and method of compound 034 are as follows:
At room temperature, 5-chloro-2-bromopyridine (034A) (25.0 g, 130.2 mmol) was added to DMSO (300 mL), 3-azetidinol hydrochloride (17.0 g, 156.3 mmol), cuprous iodide (2.5 g, 13.0 mmol), L-proline (16.5 g, 143.2 mmol), and potassium phosphate (55.2 g, 260.4 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated to 115° C. under the protection of nitrogen and stirred for 16 h. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (1500 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL×3), and separated. The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain light yellow liquid 1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (034B) (17.0 g, yield 70.9%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 184.8 (M+1).
1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ol (034B) (17.0 g, 92.4 mmol) was added to dichloromethane (200 mL) at room temperature, followed by adding triethylamine (18.7 g, 184.8 mmol), cooling to 0° C., adding methanesulfonyl chloride (12.6 g, 110.9 mmol), and stirring at room temperature for 3 h. The obtained solution was diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL), washed with water (60 mL×3), and separated. The separated organic phase was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was separated and purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain light yellow solid 1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl methanesulfonate (034C) (22 g, yield 90.8%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 263.7 (M+1).
The compound (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)((3S,4S)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone (032D) (6.0 g, 15.8 mmol) was added to DMF (50 mL), and potassium phosphate (10.1 g, 47.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to 90° C., stirred for 0.5 h, and then cooled to 40° C., followed by adding 1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl methanesulfonate (034C) (5.0 g, 18.9 mmol), heating to 90° C., and stirring for 16 h. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (200 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3), and separated. The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain white solid ((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (034D) (4.3 g, yield 49.7%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 546.3 (M+1).
The raw material ((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (034D) (546 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added to toluene (20 mL) at room temperature, and water (1 mL) was added. Then, bis (tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium (51 mg, 0.1 mmol) and potassium phosphate (424 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added under the protection of nitrogen, heated to 110° C., and stirred for 16 h. The obtained solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (20 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×3), and separated. The organic phases were combined, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified with a silica gel column (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (V/V)=2:1) to obtain white solid crude product ((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-cyclopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (034E) (220 mg, yield 39.8%).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 552.4 (M+1)
((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-cyclopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)((S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanone (034E) (150 mg, 0.27 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (4 mL), followed by adding 1N hydrochloric acid (2 mL) and stirring at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction solution was concentrated to prepare white solid (S)-1-((3S,4S)-4-(3-((1-(5-cyclopropylpyridin-2-yl)azetidin-3-yl)oxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypropan-1-one (034) (17 mg, 12.2% yield).
1H NMR (400 m Hz, DMSO-d6) δ7.94 (d, 1H), 7.24 (d, 1H), 6.92-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.68 (d, 1H), 6.39 (d, 1H), 5.11-5.09 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.31 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.42 (m, 8H), 3.36-3.34 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.01 (d, 3H), 0.86-0.84 (m, 2H), 0.64 (s, 3H), 0.57-0.55 (m, 2H).
LC-MS, M/Z (ESI): 512.7 (M+1).
For the previously synthesized compounds, the inhibitory activity of the compounds against PDE4B and against PDE4D was tested by using PDE-Glo Phosphodiesterase Assay Kit (promega, V1361). In short, in accordance with the instructions of the kit, a concentrated stock solution (10 mM) the compound to be tested was first prepared with DMSO solvent, and the concentrated stock solution was then diluted into 10× working solutions with a Reaction buffer provided in the kit. With the Reaction buffer, on ice, PDE4B enzyme (Enzo Life Sciences, BML-SE522-0020) was diluted to a concentration of 1 ng/μl to obtain a PDE4B enzyme working solution, and PDE4D enzyme (Enzo Life Sciences, BML-SE523-0020) was diluted to a concentration of 4 ng/μl to obtain a PDE4D enzyme working solution. 1.5 μl of the PDE4B working solution (or PDE4D working solution) and 1 μl of the compound working solution were added to wells of 384-well plate (Corning, CLS3707), and incubated with shaking at room temperature for 5 min, followed by adding 2.5 μl of cAMP (in Reaction buffer, 2 μM) per well, incubating with shaking at room temperature for 20 min. 2.5 μl/well of 1× Termination Buffer, and then 2.5 μl/well of 1× Detection Buffer were added, and further incubated with shaking at room temperature for 20 min. 10 μl/well of 1× Kinase-Glo was added, and the plate was incubated with shaking at room temperature for 10 min, and bioluminescence was measured with PheraStar instrument. The experimental results were plotted with GraphPad Prism software, and fitted to calculate IC50 of each compound.
The experimental results indicate that, compared with the positive control compound, the compounds of the present disclosure, such as compounds 001 to 031, all have better or comparable inhibitory activity against PDE4. In addition, through the comparison assay of the inhibitory activity of PDE4B/PDE4D, it was found that, compared with the closest prior art (the positive control compound), the compounds of the present disclosure, such as compounds 001 to 004, 006 to 012, 014 to 015, 025, 027, 028, and 031 to 034, exhibit better selective inhibition against PDE4B, and can effectively alleviate or eliminate the occurrence of side effects such as vomiting. Further, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the test results of compounds 005, 013, 016, 017, 018, 024, 029 and 030 indicate that all these compounds can effectively inhibit PDE4B, and when compared with the selective inhibitory activity against PDE4D, the selective inhibitory activity against PDE4B of these compounds is significantly higher than that control compound.
The data of some results are summarized in the following table to facilitate understanding.
Extraction process of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): one unit of human peripheral blood concentrate (concentrated from 200 cc peripheral blood) was sucked and added with 0.9% saline until a total volume reached 120 ml, and mixed homogenously. 15 ml Lymphoprep™ was added into 50 ml centrifuge tube, and then 30 ml of diluted blood concentrate was carefully and slowly added thereto, allowing the diluted blood to be stacked on the layered solution and preventing the diluted blood from being mixed into the separated solutions or breaking the surface of the separated solution, wherein a ratio of Lymphoprep™ to the diluted blood was 1:2. The centrifuge tubes were balanced and placed in a horizontal centrifuge (eppendorf, 5810R), and centrifuged at 800 g and 20° C. for 20 min. The centrifuge tubes were carefully taken out. PBMCs were absorbed by directly inserting the Pasteur pipette deep into the buffy coat. The obtained PBMCs were gently pipetted with 3 times the volume of 0.9% normal saline or PBS (without calcium or magnesium ions) to mix homogenously. After that, the cells were centrifuged at 250 g and 20° C. for 10 min, the supernatant was removed to remove the platelets remaining in the cell suspension. The obtained cell pellet was resuspended in 20 ml of PBS, and counted using trypan blue.
Compound screening by using PBMCs: the PBMC suspension obtained above was centrifuged to remove PBS, then resuspended in complete medium (RPMI1640+10% FBS+1% P/S) and counted. 100 μL/well of the cells was seeded at 5×104/well. Each of the compounds to be screened was prepared as 4 times the final concentration, which was added to the cells at 50 μL/well. The compound was pre-incubated for 30 min in advance of being added to the cells. Meanwhile, control wells to which the compound was not added were provided. A final stimulation concentration of LPS was 10 ng/ml, and LPS was formulated as 4 times the final stimulation concentration, and added to the cells at 50 μL/well. Meanwhile, control wells, i.e., wells without LPS were provided. The cells were incubated for 24 h, and 10% of the supernatant was collected for detection. The obtained supernatant was detected using Invitrogen's Human TNF-α kit (REF: 88-7346-88).
The experimental results indicate that, compared with the positive control, the compounds of the present disclosure have better or comparable inhibitory activity against TNFα secreted by human PBMCs, and especially, the effects of the compounds 001 to 003, 006 to 008, 010 to 012, 028, and 031 to 034 are more superior than the positive control, thereby significantly inhibiting the secretion of the inflammatory factor TNFα in human PBMCs, and having a more prominent anti-inflammatory effect.
The data of some results are summarized in the following table to facilitate understanding.
18 Balb/c mice (6 to 8 weeks) were randomly assigned to a blank group, a model group, and an administration group, 6 mice in each group. A vehicle (blank group, model group) or 50 mg/kg compound (administration group, where the dose for the positive control group was 100 mg/kg) was orally administrated. 30 min after the oral administration, PBS (blank group) or 1 mg/kg LPS (model group and administration group) was injected intraperitoneally. 90 min or 120 min after the intraperitoneal injection, blood was collected from the hearts of the mice, and still stood at 2-8° C. for 4 hours, and centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 min to collect the serum. The serum was stored at −80° C. for testing.
The serum TNF-α level was tested using a mouse TNF-α detection kit (Mouse TNFa ELISA kit: Biolegend, Cat: 430904). The inhibitory activity of the compounds against the TNF-α release was calculated based on the serum TNF-α level.
Inhibitory activity of compound %={1−(TNFα concentration of administration group−TNFα concentration of blank group)/(TNFα concentration of model group−TNFα concentration of blank group)}×100%.
Experimental results showed that, compared with the positive control group, the compounds of the present disclosure can better inhibit the LPS-stimulated TNF-α release in mice, and have significantly higher inhibitory activity than the positive control group, thereby having more prominent anti-inflammatory effect.
The data of some results are summarized in the following table to facilitate understanding.
In the rat pharmacokinetic test, 3 male SD rats (180-240 g) were fasted overnight, and orally administered with 10 mg/kg of compound to be tested. Blood was collected before the administration, and 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h hours after the administration. The blood sample was centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 6 min at 4° C., and the plasma was collected and stored at −20° C. The plasma collected at each time point was added and mixed with 3-5 times the amount of acetonitrile solution containing an internal standard, vortexed for 1 min, centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 10 min at 4° C. The supernatant was taken and mixed with 3 times the amount of water, and an appropriate amount of the mixture was taken for LC-MS/MS analysis. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed with WinNonlin 7.0 software non-compartmental model.
In the mouse pharmacokinetic test, 9 male CD-1 mice (20-25 g) were fasted overnight, and orally administered with 10 mg/kg of the compound to be tested. Bloods of 3 mice were collected at each time point, and bloods of 9 mice were alternately collected in total. In the pharmacokinetic test in canine, 3 male beagle dogs (8-10 kg) were fasted overnight, and orally administered with 5 mg/kg of the compound to be test. In the pharmacokinetic test of cynomolgus monkeys, 3 male cynomolgus monkeys (4 to 6.5 kg) were fasted overnight, and orally administered 20 mg/kg of the compound to be test. The remaining processes are the same as those of the rat pharmacokinetic test.
The experimental results in Table 4 and Table 5 indicate that, compared with the positive control group, the compounds of the present disclosure have better exposure and exhibit better pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, Applicant also investigated the bioavailability, which was significantly better than the control compound.
1. Experimental Process
(1) Preparation of Type II Collagen/Complete Freund's Adjuvant
Preparation of acetic acid: 2N acetic acid was diluted to 100 mM, filtered with 0.22 μm filter membrane, and stored at 4° C.
Preparation of bovine type II collagen solution: bovine type II collagen (CII) was dissolved in 100 mM acetic acid solution and stored at 4° C. overnight. A final concentration of collagen was 8 mg/mL.
Preparation of emulsion: the CII solution stored overnight was mixed with an equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant, and homogenized on ice by a high-speed homogenizer at 30,000 rpm for approximately 60 min, until the solution formed a stable emulsion.
(2) Induction of Arthritis:
After DBA/1 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, 50 μl of prepared collagen emulsion (containing 200 micrograms of CII) was injected subcutaneously in the tail (2-3 cm from the base of the tail) for immunization. The day of the primary immunization was recorded as day 0, and the following days were recorded sequentially. On day 21, the same volume of collagen emulsion was injected into the tail in the same way. Mice in the normal group were not immunized.
(3) Administration and Dosage
On day 21, the mice that had been induced to have arthritis were randomly grouped according to their body weights, such that the average body weight of each group was consistent, and they were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups for administration, with 10 mice in each group.
G1 group included normal mice without being treated; G2 group was given a blank vehicle; G3 to G7 groups were administrated with the compound at a dose of 30 mg/kg, twice a day for 21 days. The volume of oral administration was 10 mL/kg.
(4) Determination of Incidence Indexes of Arthritis
After the enhanced immunization, the disease incidence of the mice was observed every day. When the mice began to develop symptoms (clinical symptoms of arthritis emerged), the symptoms were graded as 0 to 4 according to the different degrees of pathological changes (redness, joint deformation), where the highest score for each limb was 4, and the highest score for each animal was 16. The mice were graded at least three times a week.
The area under curve (AUC) of clinical scores of each group from day 21 to day 42 was calculated, and the inhibition rate % of the clinical score AUC of the administration group was calculated:
Inhibition rate %=1−(administration group AUC/blank vehicle group AUC)*100%
(5) Statistical Disposition
The experimental data are expressed as Mean±standard error (Mean±SEM), and the clinical scores were analyzed with One-way ANOVA, where p<0.05 was considered to be a significant difference.
2. Experimental Results
Referring to
At the experiment endpoint (day 42), the clinical score of each administration group was significantly lower than that of the blank vehicle group. The results regarding the inhibition rates based on the clinical score AUC from day 21 to day 42 indicate that, compared with the positive control group, the compounds of the present disclosure exhibit better inhibitory efficacies against arthritis.
In the specification, descriptions with reference to the terms “an embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “examples”, “specific examples”, or “some examples”, etc. mean specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the above terms are illustrative, and do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine the different embodiments or examples and the features of the different embodiments or examples described in this specification without contradicting each other.
Although the embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations based on the above-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201811553504.0 | Dec 2018 | CN | national |
| 201910806179.2 | Aug 2019 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2019/125983 | 12/17/2019 | WO | 00 |
