Patent Application
20110266361
The present invention relates to pheromone-filled pheromone dispensers of two interconnected plastic films, and a process for their preparation.
Pheromones have gained increasing importance as insect control agents in agriculture and forestry. A current method of controlling pests in agriculture, in particular in horticulture and viticulture, which employs pheromones is what is known as the confusion method, also referred to as mating disruption technique or confusion technique. This technique exploits the behavior of some insects of releasing pheromones during the mating time in order to attract the respective mating partner, which, as a rule, will be the male. If a higher substance concentration of artificially prepared pheromones is introduced into a field, the insects to be attracted lose their orientation and no longer find their mating partner. Another current method of using pheromones in pest control is mass capture in trap systems, with the pheromones acting as attractants. A large number of pheromones are known. An overview is found in, for example J. Vitae, Biologie in unserer Zeit 8, 112 (1978) and in “The Pherobase” (http://www.pherobase.com).
The use of pheromones requires suitable active substance dispensers which ensure a prolonged, uniform release of the active substances in order to achieve as long-term protection as possible and/or high, uniform trapping results.
Known dispenser types are
The disadvantage of the three first-mentioned dispenser types is that the pheromone is released in a largely uncontrolled manner, depending on the weather conditions. The pheromone concentration in the pheromone-saturated material (absorptive substance or plastic), which is initially high, drops more and more quickly as time passes; the point in time when the release of the attractant ends cannot be recorded specifically. Frequently, the actual cause for an abating activity is the exhaustion of the active substance or an insufficient release of the pheromone by the dispenser, caused by whatever. The user is therefore forced to use his experience for determining the point in time at which the conventional dispenser must be replaced before the release of the attractant may have ended. Incorrect use or other factors which are possible (for example as the result of the weather) and which prematurely lead to too low a release of the attractant, or none at all, can be recognized only with difficulty. Particularly in forestry applications, dispensers which are still operational are replaced purely as a precaution in order to ensure that the activity is retained. In order to guard against these uncertainties in the release of the active substance, in this case at least two, occasionally also three, traditional dispensers are necessarily required during the application, which constitutes an unnecessary cost factor for the user.
The disadvantage of ampoule dispensers is firstly the complicated production by a blow-molding process. The material requirements for the ampoules are relatively high, in comparison with the pheromone quantities. Moreover, the release characteristics are frequently not satisfactory. In particular, the release towards the end, i.e. at a low filling level, is no longer optimal due to the geometry of the dispenser and the variation in the structure and thickness of the material, which is due to the production.
The earlier German patent application DE 102008026602.7 describes a dispenser for highly volatile media with a chamber which is enclosed by a film material and which is intended to receive the medium, which chamber takes the form of a sealed, breakable ampoule, for example a glass ampoule, which comprises the pheromone. The dispenser is activated by breaking the ampoule.
There is therefore a need for dispensers which are suitable for the controlled release of pheromones or pheromone bouquets over a prolonged period and which are simple to produce. The invention is therefore based in particular on the object of providing a dispenser whose release characteristics are at least comparable to, or even better than, those of an ampoule dispenser, i.e. which ensures a reliable release of the pheromone, and therefore in fact a reliable activity, even under unfavorable climatic conditions such as changing temperature and light conditions or high temperatures, and likewise over a prolonged period.
It has been found that this object can be achieved by the dispensers described hereinbelow.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a pheromone dispenser, filled with pheromone or a pheromone-comprising liquid and comprising (a) a deep-drawn plastic film made of a thermoplastic film material and featuring at least one zone designed such as to form a dish for receiving a pheromone or a pheromone-comprising liquid, and (b) a planar plastic film made of a thermoplastic film material and which is connected with the deep-drawn plastic film, where the planar plastic film together with the at least one zone designed such as to form a dish of the deep-drawn plastic film forms a durably sealed chamber which comprises the pheromone or the pheromone-comprising liquid, and (c) a recess in the zone of the interconnected plastic films, where the planar plastic film is permeable to the pheromone.
The dispenser according to the invention entails a series of advantages. In contrast to conventional hollow-chamber dispensers, the dispensers according to the invention feature very precise material structures and thicknesses owing to the use of films, and, thus, ensure constant release conditions independently of the filling level of the dispenser. Moreover, the material requirements are markedly less than in the case of traditional hollow-chamber dispensers. Moreover, the pheromone, in contrast to the blow-molded or extrusion-molded ampoule dispensers, is usually not exposed to any elevated temperature during the production since the films are already preformed and only require bonding with each other. They have markedly improved release characteristics in comparison with film bags, capillary dispensers and barrier-free dispensers. Owing to the film material employed for the production, the dispensers according to the invention are relatively lightweight, small and low, which leads to less transport and packaging effort. The recess provided in the dispenser permits the simple fixing of the dispenser to the branches or shoots of the plants to be protected. The use of breakable ampoules such as glass ampoules for accommodating the pheromone or pheromone bouquet is still required. In contrast to the dispensers described in German patent application DE 102008026602.7, the dispensers according to the invention, therefore, typically do not comprise any breakable ampoule components in the chamber(s).
Preferred embodiments of the dispensers according to the invention are described in the subclaims and the figures, to which reference is hereby made.
The dispensers according to the invention feature at least one durably sealed chamber which comprises the pheromone. It is also possible to provide the dispenser with a plurality of durably sealed chambers, it being possible for the chambers to be filled with the same pheromone or different pheromones. In accordance with the invention, the chamber(s) is(are) formed by the zone(s) designed such as to form a dish of the deep-drawn film and the planar plastic film bonded thereto. Durably bonded means that the deep-drawn film is bonded to the planar film in such a way that they cannot be separated without destroying the dispenser. Bonding the deep-drawn film to the planar film is, as a rule, carried out in such a way that the planar film rests in the zone of the edges or on the borders of the at least one zone designed such as to form a dish of the deep-drawn film and is fixed durably along the edges or borders. Durable fixing is typically effected by means of a welded or sealed seam along the edges of the at least one zone designed such as to form a dish.
In order to achieve as uniform release characteristics as possible, the bottom of the at least one zone designed such as to form a dish is largely parallel with the planar film. Largely parallel means that at least 70% of the bottom area of the zone designed such as to form a dish is arranged in parallel with the planar film or forms an angle of less than 10° with the planar film.
Furthermore, it has proved advantageous when the depth of the zone designed such as to form a dish amounts to at least 0.2 mm, in particular to at least 0.4 mm and preferably does not exceed 5 mm, in particular 3 mm. In the present context, depth is understood as meaning the distance of the bottom area of the dish and the plane predetermined by the edge of the dish which are substantially plane-parallel relative to one another.
Furthermore, it has proven advantageous when the zone designed such as to form a dish features at least one, for example one or two, sunk zones. In this case, the sunk zone is at least 0.2 mm, in particular at least 0.5 mm, for example 0.2 to 3 mm, in particular 0.5 to 1.5 mm, deeper than the remaining zones of the dish. The depth of the sunk zone will typically be in the range of from 1 to 5 mm and in particular in the range of from 1.2 to 3 mm, whereas the depth in the remaining zones of the dish will typically be in the range of from 0.2 to 2 mm and in particular in the range of from 0.4 to 1.5 mm.
The zone designed such as to form a dish will, as a rule, have an area in the range of from 2.5 to 25 cm2, in particular in the range of from 4 to 20 cm2.
The basic shape of the dispenser will typically be rectangular, it being possible for the corners to be rounded. In principle, however, oval, circular, triangular, trapezoid, diamond-shaped or polygonal embodiments with more than 4 sides are also possible. Preferably, the basic shape of the dispenser has characteristic dimensions (such as, for example, length of sides, diameter and the like) in the range of from 1 to 20 cm, in particular in the range of from 1.5 to 10 cm. In the case of a dispenser with a rectangular basic shape, the dimension of the one side of the rectangle will typically be in the range of from 2 to 20 cm, in particular in the range of from 2.5 to 10 cm, and the dimension of the side which is perpendicular thereto will be in the range of from 1 to 10 cm, in particular in the range of from 1.5 to 8 cm.
In accordance with the invention, the dispenser features at least one recess in the zone of the films which are bonded to each other. This recess will typically feature a circular, oval or polygonal area whose edges are formed by the film material of the deep-drawn film and the planar film. The recess can also be provided with indentations or bulges to ensure better fastening. The extent of the recess along a straight line through the center of the recess area will, as a rule, not be less than 3 mm and preferably not exceed 2 cm. The recess will typically have an area in the range of from 1 to 3 cm2. This recess serves for attaching or hanging the dispenser for example to/from branches or shoots of plants. The recess is preferably oval or round, and may additionally be provided with indentations or bulges to ensure better fastening.
It has furthermore proved advantageous when the dispenser features a notch which connects the recess to an edge of the dispenser. This notch is hereinbelow also referred to as expanding cut and facilitates the fastening of the dispenser for example to branches or shoots of plants.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the zone designed such as to form a dish features at least two part-zones which are connected to each other and which are arranged on either side of the recess, and connection in between, hereinbelow also referred to as channel. The part-zones together with the connection in between form a U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped arrangement around the recess. if the zone designed such as to form a dish comprises two part-zones, then the channel linking them will, as a rule, be narrower than the two part-zones and can have a smaller depth in comparison with the former.
In this preferred embodiment, the dispenser preferably features an expanding cut. This expanding cut is preferably arranged such that it is arranged between the two part-zones of the chamber, or the zone designed such as to form a dish, i.e. the two part-zones are located completely on in each case one side of the notch and together with the narrower channel which connects the two part-zones surround the recess.
Optionally, one of these part-zones features, in the recess zone, a bulge which is preferably designed such as to form a finger so that the bulge together with the at least two part-zones which are connected to each other largely encloses the recess. This bulge results in a better hanging stability of the dispenser, in particular when the dispenser features an expanding cut, as described above.
In accordance with the invention, the film material of the planar plastic film is permeable to the pheromone present in the dispenser, i.e. the material of the planar plastic film is chosen such that the pheromone can diffuse across the planar plastic film and can be released into the environment. Suitable plastic films which are permeable to pheromones are known to the skilled worker. Naturally, the type of the plastic material can affect the diffusion rate and thus the release rate of the pheromone. The plastic material, of the planar plastic film, which is optimal for the pheromone in question depends in the known manner on the nature of the pheromone.
For most pheromones, it has proved advantageous when the plastic material of which the planar film consists is a homo- or copolymer of a C2-C6-olefin, in particular a homo- or copolymer of ethylene. Suitable comonomers are, in principle, all monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerizable with the C2-C6-olefin or the ethylene, with neutral monomers such as vinyl aromatics, for example styrene, vinyl esters of aliphatic C1-C10-carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate, C1-C10-alkyl esters of monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, in particular C1-C10-alkyl esters of acrylic acid and C1-C10-alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile and C3-C6-olefins and their mixtures being preferred. Especially preferred comonomers are the vinyl esters of aliphatic C1-C10-carboxylic acids, in particular vinyl acetate.
Preferably, the C2-C6-olefin content in the homo- and copolymers of the C2-C6-olefins is at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight. Preferably, the ethylene content in the homo- and copolymers of ethylene is at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, and the comonomer content in the ethylene copolymers is in the range of from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular in the range of from 2 to 30% by weight. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plastic material of the planar plastic film is a polyethylene, in particular HDPE.
Examples of suitable plastic film materials for the planar film are, in particular, the polyethylenes sold under the trade names Euthylen®, for example Euthylen® 3020D (uncolored), Lupolen® for example Lupolen® 2420 H, and Lufilen®, for example Lufilen® 2420 H (brown), from BASF SE, and the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers sold under the trade names Greenflex ML, in particular Greenflex® ML 30 and Greenflex® ML 40, from Polimeri SA, Italy.
Optionally, the planar plastic film features a sealable layer, as explained hereinbelow.
The film material of the planar film can be essentially uncolored. This means that the film material comprises less than 0.05% by weight and in particular less than 0.01% by weight and especially preferably no color-imparting constituents such as inorganic or organic pigments or other dyes. In another embodiment, the film material of the planar film is colored and comprises up to 20% by weight, usually 0.05 to 20% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 1% by weight, of colorant, for example pigments, in particular red and/or brown pigments.
The color-imparting constituents which are suitable in accordance with the invention (hereinbelow also referred to as colorant) include not only dyes, but also pigments. The colorant is preferably a pigment. The pigment may take the form of an inorganic or organic pigment.
Examples of suitable inorganic color-imparting pigments are white pigments, such as titanium dioxide in its three modifications rutile, anatase or brookite, lead white, zinc white, zinc sulfide or lithopone; black pigments such as carbon black, iron oxide black, iron manganese black or spinel black; chromatic pigments such as chromium oxide, chromium oxide hydride green, cobalt green or ultramarine green, cobalt blue, iron blue, ferric ferrocyanide, ultramarine blue or manganese blue, ultramarine violet or cobalt violet and manganese violet, iron oxide red, cadmium sulfoselenide, molybdate red or ultramarine red; iron oxide brown, mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases or chromium orange; iron oxide yellow, nickel titanium yellow, chromium titanium yellow, cadmium sulfide, cadmium zinc sulfide, chromium yellow, zinc yellow, alkaline earth metal chromates, Naples yellow; bismuth vanadate, color effect pigments such as interference pigments and luster pigments. Suitable inorganic pigments are, in particular, Pigment White 6, Pigment White 7, Pigment Black 7, Pigment Black 11, Pigment Black 22, Pigment Black 27/30, Pigment Yellow 34, Pigment Yellow 35/37, Pigment Yellow 42, Pigment Yellow 53, Pigment Brown 24, Pigment Yellow 119, Pigment Yellow 184, Pigment Orange 20, Pigment Orange 75, Pigment Brown 6, Pigment Brown 29, Pigment Brown 31, Pigment Yellow 164, Pigment Red 101, Pigment Red 104, Pigment Red 108, Pigment Red 265, Pigment Violet 15, Pigment Blue 28/36, Pigment Blue 29, Pigment Green 17 and Pigment Green 26/50.
Examples of suitable inorganic pigments are aniline black, anthrapyrimidine pigments, azomethine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, monoazo pigments, bisazo pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, dioxazine pigments, flavanthrone pigments, indanthrone pigments, indolinone pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, metal complex pigments, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, pyranthrone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, thioindigo pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments or metal complex pigments. Suitable organic pigments are, in particular, C.I. (Color Index) Pigment Yellow 93, C.I. Pigment Yellow 95, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Yellow 139, C.I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. Pigment Yellow 162, C.I. Pigment Yellow 168, C.I. Pigment Yellow 180, C.I. Pigment Yellow 183, C.I. Pigment Red 44, C.I. Pigment Red 170, C.I. Pigment Red 202, C.I. Pigment Red 214, C.I. Pigment Red 254, C.I. Pigment Red 264, C.I. Pigment Red 272, C.I. Pigment Red 48:2, C.I. Pigment Red 48:3, C.I. Pigment Red 53:1, C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:1, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3 and C.I. Pigment Violet 19.
As a rule, the planar plastic film has a thickness in the range of from 0.02 to 0.5 mm, in particular in the range of from 0.05 to 0.3 mm.
The dispenser according to the invention can be designed to be unilaterally releasing or designed to be bilaterally releasing. If the dispenser is designed unilaterally releasing, then only the planar film is permeable to the pheromone present in the dispenser, or is at least more permeable by a factor of 10 than the deep-drawn film. In this case, the deep-drawn film may consist of any thermoplastically processable plastic material. If the dispenser is designed bilaterally releasing, then both the planar film and the deep-drawn film are permeable to the pheromone present in the dispenser. Bilaterally releasing dispensers are a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Examples of suitable plastic materials for the deep-drawn film are the abovementioned homo- and copolymers of C2-C6-olefins, in particular the homo- or copolymers of ethylene, and furthermore polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, coextrudates of the abovementioned polymers, and laminates of the abovementioned polymers.
Preferred plastic materials for the deep-drawn film are the abovementioned homo- and copolymers of C2-C6-olefins, in particular the homo- or copolymers of ethylene. In this case, the deep-drawn film is, as a rule, permeable to the pheromone, and, accordingly, the dispenser is designed bilaterally releasing.
The film material of the deep-drawn film can be essentially uncolored. This means that the film material comprises less than 0.05% by weight and in particular less than 0.01% by weight and especially preferably no color-imparting constituents such as inorganic or organic pigments or other dyes. In another embodiment, the film material of the deep-drawn film is colored and comprises up to 2% by weight, usually 0.05 to 20% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 1% by weight, of colorant, for example pigments, in particular red and/or brown pigments. As regards the nature of the colorants, what has been said above applies analogously.
As a rule, the deep-drawn plastic film has a thickness in the range of from 0.05 to 0.5 mm, in particular in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4 mm.
The polymer films, i.e. the planar film and the deep-drawn film, may comprise small amounts of stabilizers conventionally used for such polymers, for example antioxidants, which prevent or reduce aging of the plastic material. Such stabilizers may be present in the polymer in amounts of up to 1% by weight. Besides, the film material may also comprise customary amounts of processing aids, such as antiblocking agents and lubricant, for example erucamide or oleamide. These substances do not have any adverse effects on the properties of the dispenser.
The term pheromone is to be understood in the broad sense for the purposes of the invention and comprises not only defined chemical substances, but also substance mixtures (also referred to as pheromone bouquet) which are known to affect insect behavior. As a rule, such compounds have 6 to 30 and in particular 8 to 20 C atoms, and, optionally, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 oxygen atoms in the form of hydroxyl, carboxylate, ether, keto and/or aldehyde groups, and, optionally, up to 5 halogen atoms, in particular fluorine and/or chlorine atoms. Their molecular weight will preferably not exceed 400 Daltons and is typically in the range of from 100 to 400 Daltons. The type of pheromone depends in a manner known per se on the target insect species. Suitable pheromones and the respective target insects are known from the literature, for example from “The Pherobase” (http://www.pherobase.com). Examples of pheromones which are preferred in accordance with the invention are:
aromatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic alcohols with 6 to 30 C atoms, in particular 8 to 20 C atoms, which can be mono- or polyunsaturated, for example 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-foldunsaturated, which feature 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups, and which may feature any combination of 1 to 5 halogen atoms, in particular fluorine or chlorine atoms, an acetate group and/or a keto group, such as, for example, ((1R,3S)-2,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclopentyl)methanol, ((1R,4S)-3,4,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentenyl)-methanol, (E)-2-ethyl-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E,E)-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadien-1-ol, (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexen-1-ol, 2-cyclohexenol, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, 2-hexen-1-ol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 3-hexen-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, (4-isopropylphenyl)methanol, (E,E)-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-heptadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,4-heptadien-1-ol, (R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-ol, (S)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-ol, 1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-01, 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol, 2,4-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol, 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol, 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-ol, 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-(heptyloxy)butan-1-ol, 4-methoxyphenylmethanol, 4-methylcyclohexanol, 7-carbmethoxy-1,2-dihydro-(3H)-pyrrolizin-1-ol, heptan-1-ol, o-hydroxybenzalcohol, benzalcohol, (1R)-1-phenylethanol, (1R,2S)-cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol, (1R,4aR,7S,7aS)-hexahydro-4,7-dimethylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-ol, (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-hexahydro-4,7-dimethylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-ol, (1R,4R,4aR,7S,7aR)-octahydro-4,7-dimethylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-ol, (1R,4S,4aR,7S,7aR)-octahydro-4,7-dimethylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-ol, (1S,2R)-cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol, (1S,4aR,7S,7aS)-hexahydro-4,7-dimethylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-ol, (1S,4R)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-01, (E)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)ethanol, (E)-2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-1-ol, (E)-2-octen-1-ol, (E)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol, (S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol, (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl)-cyclohexylideneethanol, (Z)-2-octen-l-ol, (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol, (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-3,6-octadien-1-ol, (Z)-3-octen-1-ol, 1-phenylethanol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol, 2-phenylethanol, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol, 4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-enyl)methanol, 4-methyloctan-1-ol, 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-ylmethanol, cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutanethanol, cis-6-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol, octan-1-ol, octen-1-ol, (E)-2-nonen-1-ol, (E)-3,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-nonadien-1-ol, (E)-6-nonen-1-ol, (Z)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol,
(Z)-3-nonen-1-ol, (Z)-6-nonen-1-ol, (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol, 3-ethyl-7-methyl-6-octen-1-ol, 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol, 3-phenylpropan-1-ol, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol, 4-methylnonan-1-ol, 6-isopropenyl-2-methyl-1-cyclohexenol, 6-oxononan-1-ol, nonan-1-01, (3R,4S,1E)-3,4-bis(1-butenyl)tetrahydro-2-furanol, (6R)-(Z)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol, (E)-5-decen-1-ol, (Z)-5-decen-1-ol, (Z)-7,9-decadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol, 2-decen-1-ol, 4-phenyl-cis-3-buten-1-ol, decan-1-ol, 11-chloro-(E,E)-8,10-undecadien-1-ol, undecan-1-ol, undecen-1-ol, (2Z,6R,1S,5S)-2-methyl-6-(4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)hept-2-en-1-ol, (E)-10-dodecen-1-ol, (E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-6,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (E)-5-dodecen-1-ol, (E)-6-dodecen-1-ol, (E)-7-dodecen-1-ol, (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol, (E)-9,11-dodecadien-1-ol, (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol, (E,E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, (E,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, (E,Z)-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (S,E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-6,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z)-10-dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-2-methyl-6-(4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-yl)hept-2-en-1-ol, (Z)-3-dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-5-dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol, (Z)-9,11-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol, (Z,E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol, (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,E,E)-3,6,8-dodecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-3,6-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z,E)-3,6,8-dodecatrien-1-ol, 10,11-difluoro-(E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, 11-dodecen-1-ol, 8,9,10,11-tetrafluoro-(E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, 8,9-difluoro-(E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, dodecan-1-ol, dodecen-1-ol, neo-intermedeol, 2,6,8,12-tetramethyl-2,4-tridecadien-1-ol, tridecan-1-ol, (E)-11,13-tetradecadien-1-ol, (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-3-tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-5-tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-7-tetradecen-1-ol, (E)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-8,10-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-3-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-5-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-8-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z,E)-8,10-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, 6,10,13-trimethyltetradecan-1-ol, tetradecan-1-ol, (E,Z)-8,10-pentadecadien-1-ol, pentadecan-1-ol, (E)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,E)-11,13-hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraen-1-ol, (E,E,Z)-4,6,10-hexadecatrien-1-ol, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-11,13-hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-4,6-hexadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z,Z)-4,6,10-hexadecatrien-1-ol, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-ol, (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-10-acetoxy-7-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-7-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol, (Z,E)-11,13-hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,E)-7,11-hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadien-1-ol, 1,3-hexadecadien-1-ol, 14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-6,10,14-hexadecatrien-1-ol, 7-hexadecen-1-el, 9-hexadecen-1-ol, hexadecan-1-ol, hexadecen-1-ol, (Z)-11-heptadecen-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (Z)-11-octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-2-(9-octadecenyloxy)ethanol, (Z)-9-octadecen-1-ol, (Z,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, 11-octadecen-1-ol, 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol, 9,12-octadecadien-1-ol, octadecan-1-ol, (2E,6E,10E,14E)-3,7,11,15,19-pentamethyleicosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaen-1-ol, (E)-11-eicosen-1-ol, (Z)-11-eicosen-1-01, (Z)-15-eicosen-1-ol, 1-eicosen-1-ol, eicosan-1-ol, docosan-1-ol, tetracosan-1-ol, 23-hexacosen-1-ol, triaconten-1-ol, (2R,3R)-2,3-hexanediol, (2R,3S)-2,3-hexanediol, (2S,3R)-2,3-hexanediol, (2S,3S)-2,3-hexanediol, (2S,3S)-2,3-octanediol, (3S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-1,3-diol, (E)-2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadiene-2,6-diol, (E)-2,6-dimethyl-5-octene-1,8-diol, (E)-2,6-dimethyl-6-octene-1,8-diol, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene-1,8-diol, (E,E)-2,6-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1,8-diol, (Z)-2,6-dimethyl-5-octene-1,8-diol, (Z)-2,6-dimethyl-6-octene-1,8-diol, 2,3-octanediol, 2,6-dimethyl-1,7-octadiene-3,6-diol, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene-3,4-diol, (R)-nonane-1,3-diol, 4,6-dimethylnonane-3,7-diol, nonane-1,3-diol, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-4,9-decadiene-1,8-dial, (E,E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-decadiene-1,10-diol, drimane-8alpha,11-diol, (E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,10-dodecadiene-1,7-diol, platambin, isotrinervi-2beta,3alpha-diol, trinervi-2beta,3alpha-diol or 21-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione;
Acetate esters of aromatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic alcohols with 6 to 30 C atoms, in particular 8 to 20 C atoms in the alcohol moiety, which can be mono- or polyunsaturated, for example 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-foldunsaturated, and which feature 1 or 2 acetyloxy groups, it being possible for the acetate esters to feature any combination of 1 to 5 halogen atoms, in particular fluorine or chlorine atoms and/or 1 or 2 keto groups, such as, for example, (1 R,3R)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-isopropenylcyclobutanemethanol acetate, (E)-2,5-hexadienyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-isopropyl-5-methyl-2,4-hexadienyl acetate, (E)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienyl acetate, (R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-enyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, 1′-O-acetylithomiolid A, 3-hexenyl acetate, 3-methylenehexyl acetate, hexenyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)-2-heptenyl acetate, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylacetate, 2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl)-2-propyl acetate, 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ylacetate, 4-methoxybenzyl acetate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate, cyclohexyl 2-phenyl acetate, heptan-2-yl acetate, heptyl acetate, (1R,2R,3S)-(2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentyl)methyl acetate, (4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-enyl)methyl acetate, (E)-2,7-octadienyl acetate, (E)-2-octenyl acetate, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate, (E)-8-oxo-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl acetate, (E,E)-2,4-octadienyl acetate, (E,E)-2,6-octadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-2,6-octadienyl acetate, (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate, (Z)-3-octenyl acetate, 1-ethyl-4-methylheptyl acetate, 1-isopropyl-4-methylheptyl acetate, 2,6-dimethyl-(E,E)-2,6-octadiene-1,8-diol diacetate, 2-acetoxy-6-methylacetophenone, 2-octenyl acetate, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ylacetate, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl acetate, 4-methyloctyl acetate, endo-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylacetate, ethyl 2-phenyl acetate, methyl 2-phenyl acetate, octyl acetate, (E)-6-nonenyl acetate, (R)-(E)-7-methyl-6-nonen-3-yl acetate, 1-propyl-4-methylheptyl acetate, 2-nonenyl acetate, nonan-2-yl acetate, nonyl acetate, (3S)-(E)-6-isopropyl-3,9-dimethyl-5,8-decadienyl acetate, (E)-2-decenyl acetate, (E)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,8-decadienyl acetate, (E)-4-decenyl acetate, (E)-5-decenyl acetate, (E)-7-decenyl acetate, (E,E)-3,5-decadienyl acetate, (Z)-3-decenyl acetate, (Z)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadienyl acetate, (Z)-4-decenyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-7,9-decadienyl acetate, (Z)-7-decenyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-decadienyl acetate, 2-decenyl acetate, 3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decenyl acetate, 4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)butan-2-one, decyl acetate, (1R,2S)-cis-2-isopropenyl-1-(4-methyl-4-penten-1-yl)cyclobutanethanol acetate, (2S,10S)-2,10-diacetoxyundecane, (2S,9S)-2,9-diacetoxyundecane, (E)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate, (E)-8-undecenyl acetate, (E)-9-undecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-undecenyl acetate, (Z)-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate, (Z)-7-undecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-undecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-undecenyl acetate, 1-pentyl-4-methylheptyl acetate, 2-undecenyl acetate, methyl 2-((1R,2R)-2-hexylcyclopropyl)acetate, undecan-2-yl acetate, undecenyl acetate, undecyl acetate, (10R)-10-methyldodecyl acetate, (10S)-10-methyldodecyl acetate, (E)-10-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-3-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-4-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-5-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-7-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-9,11-dodecadienyl acetate, (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate, (E,E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl acetate, (E,E)-4,10-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-5,7-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl acetate, (E,E)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,5-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-5,7-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z)-10-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-3-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-9,11-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-7-yn-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z, E)-5,7-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl acetate, (Z,E)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-5,7-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate, 10-methyldodecyl acetate, 11,11,11,12,12-pentafluoro-(Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, 11,11-difluoro-(Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate, 11-dodecenyl acetate, 7,7-difluoro-(Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, 9,11-dodecadienyl acetate, 9-dodecenyl acetate, dodecadienyl acetate, dodecenyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, methyl 2-((1R,2S)-3-oxo-2-((Z)-pent-2-enyl)cyclopentyl)acetate, methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-((Z)-pent-2-enyl)cyclopentyl) acetate, (2R,7S)-2,7-diacetoxytridecane, (2S)-2-tridecanyl acetate, (2S,11S)-2,11-diacetoxytridecane, (2S,12S)-2,12-diacetoxytridecane, (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyltridecan-2-yl acetate, (2S,3R,7R,9S)-3,7,9-trimethyl-2-tridecyl acetate, (E)-11-tridecenyl acetate, (E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)dodeca-1,6,10-trien-3-ylacetate, (E)-3-tridecenyl acetate, (E)-4-tridecenyl acetate, (E)-6-tridecenyl acetate, (E)-8-tridecenyl acetate, (E)-9-tridecenyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,7-tridecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-4,7,10-tridecatrienyl acetate, (Z)-10-tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-4-tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-tridecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tridecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadien-(2S)-2-yl acetate, (Z,Z)-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-tridecadienyl acetate, 1-(3-methylhexyl)-4-methylheptyl acetate, 10-propyl-(E)-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate, 11-methyl-(Z)-9,12-tridecadienyl acetate, 2-acetoxytridecane, 2S-(E)-2,10-tridecenyl acetate, 2-tridecenyl acetate, 1-kempene (=C24H34O4) 2-kempene (=C22H30O3), tridecan-2-yl acetate, tridecenyl acetate, tridecyl acetate, (E)-10-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11,13-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-12-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-3-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-5-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-6-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-8-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E, E)-8,10-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,7-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,8-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,10-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,9-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,10-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl acetate, (Z)-10-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11,13-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-3-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-6-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-8,10-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, 1-(3-methylhexyl)octyl acetate, 1,3-tetradecanediol diacetate, 10-tetradecadienyl acetate, 10-tetradecenyl acetate, 12-methyltetradecyl acetate, 14,14,14-trifluoro-(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 14,14,14-trifluoro-(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 14-fluoro-(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 14-fluoro-(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 3-alpha,10-alpha-diacetoxy-7,16-secotrinervita-7,11,15(17)-triene, tetradecyl acetate, (2S)-2-pentadecyl acetate, (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl acetate, (2S,3S)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl acetate, (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl acetate, (E)-12-pentadecenyl acetate, (E)-9-pentadecenyl acetate, (E,E)-8,10-pentadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-8,10-pentadecadienyl acetate, (Z)-10-pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-pentadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-pentadecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-8,10-pentadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-8,10-pentadecadienyl acetate, 1-heptyloctyl acetate, 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-yl acetate, pentadecan-2-yl acetate, pentadecenyl acetate, pentadecyl acetate, trinervi-2-beta,3-alpha,17-triol 17-0-acetate, trinervi-2-beta,3-alpha,9-alpha-triol 2,3-O-diacetate, trinervi-2-beta,3-alpha,9-alpha-triol 9-O-acetate, (5R,6S)-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-2,6,11,15-tetramethyl-2,10,14-hexadecatrien-8-yl acetate, (E)-5-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-6-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-8-hexadecenyl acetate, (E)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E)-11,13-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,E,E)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-4,6,10-hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,E,Z)-4,6,11-hexadecatrienyl acetate, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-4,6-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-6,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-9,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z,Z)-4,6,10-hexadecatrienyl acetate, (Z)-10-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-12-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-ol acetate, (Z)-3-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-5-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z,E)-10,12-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-11,13,15-hexadecatrienyl acetate, (Z,E)-11,13-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,E)-11,14-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z, E)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-8,10-hexadecadienyl acetate, 1-(3-methylhexyl)-decyl acetate, 11-hexadecenyl acetate, 11-hexadecynyl acetate, 13-oxotrinervita-1(15),8(19)-diene-2-beta,3-alpha-diol 2,3-0-diacetate, 3-oxokempa-6,8-dien-14alpha-ol 14-O-acetate, 7-hexadecenyl acetate, erythro-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, hexadecenyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate kempa-6,8-diene-3alpha,14alpha-diol 3,14-O-diacetate, kempa-6,8-diene-3beta,14alpha-diol 3,14-O-diacetate, trinervita-1(15),8(19)-diene-2beta,3alpha,9alpha-triol 2,3-O-diacetate, trinervita-1(15),8(19)-diene-2beta,3alpha,9alpha-triol 9-O-acetate, trinervita-1(15),8(19)-diene-2beta,3alpha,9-triol 2,3,9-O-triacetate, trinervita-1(15),8(19)-diene-2beta,3alpha-diol 2-O-acetate, trinervita-11(12),15(17)-diene-3alpha,13alpha-diol 3,13-O-diacetate, (2S,12S)-2,12-diacetoxyheptadecane, (2S,12Z)-2-acetoxy-12-heptadecene, (2S,13S)-2,13-diacetoxyheptadecane, (2S,14S)-2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane, (Z)-11-heptadecenyl acetate, heptadecenyl acetate, heptadecyl acetate, (E)-13-octadecenyl acetate, (E)-2-octadecenyl acetate, (E,E)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (Z)-11-octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-octadecenyl acetate, (Z, E)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (Z, E)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienyl acetate, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatrienyl acetate, (Z,Z,Z)-9, 12,15-octadecatrienyl acetate, 9-octadecenyl acetate, octadecenyl acetate, octadecyl acetate, (Z)-11,19-eicosadienyl acetate, (Z)-11-eicosenyl acetate, (Z,Z)-11,14-eicosadienyl acetate, (Z,Z,Z)-11,14,17-eicosatrienyl acetate, eicosyl acetate, 11-docosenyl acetate, docosyl acetate, tetracosenyl acetate, tetracosyl acetate, (E,E,Z,Z)-1-hydroxy-13,15,18,20-pentacosatetraen-11-ynyl acetate, hexacosenyl acetate, 15-methylnonacosan-7-ylacetate, 19-methylnonacosan-6-ylacetate, 19-methylnonacosan-7-ylacetate and 19-methylnonacosan-8-yl acetate;
alicyclic hydrocarbons, alicyclic alcohols and alicyclic ketones and hydroxyketones having preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as alpha-pinene=(2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene),
oxaspiro compounds such as
and mixtures of the abovementioned pheromones.
The pheromones may be present in the dispenser as such, as pheromone mixtures or as pheromone-comprising liquids. In the last-mentioned case, the dispenser also comprises, besides the abovementioned pheromones or pheromone mixtures, one or more inert liquids in a mixture with the pheromones or pheromone mixtures. In the present context, inert means that the liquid on its own is inactive, but does not adversely affect the activity of the pheromone, it also being possible for the liquid to enhance the activity of the pheromone. Examples are low-molecular-weight alcohols and ketones having, as a rule, no more than 6 C atoms, such as methylbutenol, methylbutynol, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 10 C atoms, and esters of C1-C6-alkanols with saturated C1-C6-carboxylic acids such as, for example, their acetates.
In accordance with an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the pheromone present in the dispenser comprises at least one active substance which is selected among mono- or polyunsaturated, for example 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-fold unsaturated, aliphatic alcohols having 6 to 30 C atoms, in particular 8 to 20 C atoms, and their acetates, in particular their monoacetates and diacetates. Unsaturated means that the aliphatic alcohol, or the alcohol moiety of the acetate, has at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond (C═C double bond) and/or at least one acetylenically unsaturated triple bond (C≡C triple bond). Preferred aliphatic alcohols, or the alcohol moiety of the acetate, have at least one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4, ethylenic C═C double bond(s) and/or at least one, for example 1 or 2, C≡C triple bond(s), the total amount of C═C double bonds and C≡C triple bonds being 1, 2, 3 or 4. The alcohols can additionally also have a keto group. The same applies to the acetates.
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment, the pheromone present in the dispenser comprises at least one active substance which is selected among so-called SCLPs (straight-chain lepidopteran pheromones). These are understood as meaning unbranched aliphatic compounds having 9 to 18 C atoms and which have, optionally, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds and a terminal functional group which is selected among OH, CHO (aldehyde) and O—C(OCH3).
In accordance with an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the pheromone present in the dispenser comprises at least one active substance which is selected among Z9-dodecenyl acetate, E7,Z9-dodecadienyl acetate, E8,E10-dodecadienol and Z8-dodecenyl acetate and their mixtures.
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment, the pheromone present in the dispenser comprises at least one active substance which is selected among
alicyclic hydrocarbons, alicyclic alcohols and alicyclic ketones and hydroxyketones having preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, such as
oxaspiro compounds such as
mixtures of the abovementioned pheromones.
The active substances of the especially preferred and very especially preferred embodiments can also be present as a mixture with saturated alcohols having preferably 6 to 30 C atoms, in particular 8 to 20 C atoms, or in a mixture with the acetate-saturated alcohols having preferably 6 to 30 C atoms, in particular 8 to 20 C atoms. Examples of saturated alcohols are, in particular, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol and the like, and their acetates, such as 1-octyl acetate, 1-nonyl acetate, 1-decyl acetate, 1-undecyl acetate, 1-dodecylacetate, 1-tridecyl acetate, 1-tetradecyl acetate, 1-pentadecyl acetate, 1-hexadecyl acetate, stearyl acetate and the like, the saturated alcohols and their acetates accounting, as a rule, for no more than 50% by weight based on the total amount of active substance and saturated alcohol and/or acetate of the saturated alcohol.
The pheromones present in the dispenser may also comprise agents for chemical stabilization purposes, such as, for example, antioxidants and/or UV absorbers. Examples of antioxidants are tocopherols such as α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol palmitate, α-tocopherol acetate, and alkyl-substituted hydroxybenzenes, hydroquinones and hydroxyanisols such as tert-butylhydroxytoluene, tert-butylhydroquinone or tert-butylhydroxyanisole. Examples of UV absorbers are 4,4-diarylbutadiene, cinnamic acid esters, benzotriazoles, in particular 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles such as, for example, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, hydroxybenzophenones, diphenylcyanacrylates, oxamides (oxalic acid diamides) and 2-phenyl-1,3,5-triazines.
The amount of pheromone or pheromone-comprising liquid (pheromone and inert liquid) will, as a rule, be such that a sufficient release of the pheromone over the desired period of use is achieved. Typically, the total amount of pheromone or pheromone-comprising liquid is 0.2 to 5 ml, in particular 0.3 to 3 ml.
The present invention also relates to a process for producing a dispenser according to the invention, which comprises:
To this end, one will, as a rule, in the first step i) form one or more dish-shaped zones (depressions) in the shape desired for the dispenser in a thermoplastically processable plastic film which is suitable for deep-drawing (deep-drawn film) by means of a customary deep-drawing method with heating and, optionally, with applying superatmospheric or subatmospheric pressure. In doing so, one will, as a rule, form the dish-shaped zones required for a plurality of, for example 2 to 100, in particular 4 to 20, dispensers in the deep-drawn film. Such processes are known to the skilled worker, for example from Saechtling, Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 26th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich Vienna 1995, pp. 297-305 and G. Kühne in Kunststoff Maschinenkührer (Johannaber, ed.), 3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich Vienna 1992, pp. 618-634.
Thereafter, the dish-shaped zone(s) formed thus is filled, in step ii), with the pheromone or the pheromone-comprising liquid, the amount of pheromone or pheromone-comprising liquid being as a rule chosen such that it corresponds to the desired filling level.
In step iii), the filled zone(s) is(are) sealed with a planar plastic film made of a thermoplastic film material. To this end, one will, as a rule, apply the planar plastic film to the deep-drawn film in such a way that the former covers the filled zones and subsequently fix it permanently so that the filled zones are sealed durably. As a rule, fixing is effected by a welding method or a sealing method, where the planar plastic film on the deep-drawn film is durably bonded or sealed to the deep-drawn film. In principle, it is also possible to bond the planar plastic film together with the deep-drawn film. Such processes are known to the skilled worker, for example from Saechtling, Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, 26th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich Vienna 1995, pp. 305-325 and G. Kühne in Kunststoff Maschinenführer (Johannaber, ed.), 3rd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich Vienna 1992, pp. 747-810.
Welding methods and, in particular, sealing methods are preferred. It is preferred to carry out the welding or sealing method such that the planar plastic film is welded or sealed to the deep-drawn plastic film along the edges of the zone designed such as to form a dish, forming a seal. Suitable welding or sealing methods are, in principle, all methods which are suitable for welding or sealing thermoplastic plastic films. Examples are sealing methods which operate with the application of temperature and pressure (hot-sealing) or with the application of ultrasound and pressure (ultrasound sealing methods).
If the planar film is connected to the deep-drawn film by a sealing method, it is necessary that the film material of the deep-drawn film is sealable with the film material of the planar film. It may, optionally, therefore be necessary that at least one of the two films has a sealable coating which is sealable to the other film material. If both films consist of a polyolefin, in particular polyethylene, such a seal layer is not necessary since polyolefins are, as a rule, self-sealable.
Suitable as sealable layer are all polymers and polymer systems which are sealable, i.e. the seal layer formed can be welded, i.e. durably connected, to another layer when applying sufficient pressures and temperatures. This other layer may consist of the same polymer as the film material, or of a different polymer. The sealable layer is preferably formed by polymers which are block-resistant at room temperature (21° C., 1 bar), i.e. the polymer film formed is not tacky. It is especially preferred that the polymer is block-resistant at up to +50° C. The sealable layer preferably consists of a polymer which is composed to at least 20% by weight, especially preferably to at least 40% by weight and very especially preferably to at least 60% by weight of at least one C2-C6-olefin. Such polymers are referred to hereinbelow briefly as polyolefin. C2-C6-Olefins which may be mentioned in particular are ethylene or propylene. Preferred polymers for the sealable layer are homopolymers of the olefins, in particular polyethylene, or polypropylene, or their copolymers. It is especially preferred that the sealable layer is composed of a polymer which consists to more than 60% by weight of ethylene. The sealable layer especially preferably consists of polyethylene (PE). It is possible to use low-molecular-weight homo- or copolymers of the abovementioned olefins for the sealable layer, for example PE waxes as described in WO 2007/012621. Also suitable are high-molecular-weight polymers, for example polyethylene (PE) which are thermoplastically processable and can be extruded for example in the form of films. Polyolefins are in particular self-sealable, i.e. the other layer with which durable connection is to be produced is preferably made of the same material. The thickness of the sealable layer, if present, generally amounts to 5 to 100 μm, in particular to 10 to 80 μm and specifically to 15 to 50 μm.
Thereafter, the dispenser is provided with a recess in the zone of the plastic films which are connected to each other. This can be done for example by cutting or punching. The expanding cut can be effected in the same manner.
The process according to the invention makes it possible to produce a plurality of dispensers in one pass. In this case, step i) of the process involves simultaneously the making of the number of dish zones required for the number of dispensers to be produced in the pass, in the plastic film used for deep-drawing, filling them with the pheromone or the pheromone-comprising liquid and subsequently sealing them in the above-described manner with the planar film. The dispensers thus made, which are connected to each other, are separated from each other by cutting, with the required number of recesses and, optionally, expanding cuts being made beforehand or simultaneously.
The invention will now be described with reference to
The following reference symbols are used in
The pheromone dispenser shown in
The deep-drawn plastic film (1) has an essentially rectangular horizontal projection. Owing to manufacturing requirements or use-specific requirements, the corners may be rounded. The zone designed such as to form a dish, here also referred to as chamber (4), serves to receive a pheromone or the pheromone-comprising liquid.
The dispenser features a notch (5), which runs from a recess (6) to an outer edge of the dispenser. The recess (6) is, as a rule, oval or round, but may also be provided with indentations or bulges to ensure better fastening.
The notch (5) divides the dish (4) into two part-zones (4a) and (4b), which are located on in each case one side of the notch (5) and which are connected to each other by a narrower arc (also referred to as a channel) around the recess (6). The deep-drawn plastic film (1) is connected to the planar plastic film along the edges of the dish (4) by means of a seal (2), so that the two plastic films form a durably sealed chamber which comprises the pheromone or the pheromone-comprising liquid (not shown).
In the specific embodiment of the dispenser shown in
The notch (5) runs above the sunk part-zones (7a) and (7b) in any arc relative to the recess (6). A seal (2) runs along the edges of the chamber. It connects the deep-drawn plastic film (1) with the planar film cover and thus seals the chamber which comprises the pheromone or the pheromone-comprising liquid (not shown).
The cross section along the line A-A across the preferred embodiment of
As shown in
As a rule, a deep-drawn plastic film with a thickness in the range of from 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm and a planar plastic film with a thickness in the range of from 0.02 mm to 0.5 mm will be used.
The chamber, or the zone designed such as to form a dish, will usually be designed to have a depth in the range of from 0.3 mm to 5 mm, in particular from 0.4 to 3 mm, and an area in the range of from 5 cm2 to 25 cm2.
In practice, a dispenser according to the invention will be produced as follows:
Two rows with in each case 5 of the dish zones shown in
In an analogous manner, it is possible to make for example a colored dispenser, the HD polyethylene for the planar film and the HD polyethylene for the deep-drawn film being colored in each case with 0.3% by weight of iron oxide pigment.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 08173100.2 | Dec 2008 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/067982 | 12/29/2009 | WO | 00 | 6/29/2011 |
