Patent Application
20230279289
The present invention relates to phosphor particles, a composite, a wavelength conversion member, and a projector. More specifically, the present invention relates to phosphor particles for producing a wavelength conversion member of a projector, a composite using the particles, a wavelength conversion member including the composite, and a projector including the wavelength conversion member.
There are several types of projectors capable of projecting color images, and in recent years, a type using blue laser light has been actively studied.
This type of projector usually includes a blue light source, and a wavelength conversion member in which a wavelength conversion layer including a phosphor which converts blue light from the blue light source into green light or red light is formed on a transparent substrate. In general, it is possible to obtain the green light or red light as the blue light passes through (transmits) the wavelength conversion member.
Incidentally, the wavelength conversion member rotates during the use of the projector so that only a specific portion is not continuously irradiated with the blue light. Due to such a mechanism, the wavelength conversion member of the projector is also referred to as a “phosphor wheel”.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a wavelength conversion element including a substrate and a phosphor layer provided on the substrate, or a projector equipped with this wavelength conversion element. A volume concentration of the phosphor in the phosphor layer of this wavelength conversion element is 15 vol % or more.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-162021
For a phosphor used in a wavelength conversion member, it is preferable that the phosphor itself has high light emitting efficiency/light conversion efficiency. In addition, for example, in a case where the wavelength conversion member is a transmission type, properties of light emitted from an “opposite side” of a blue light source are important in determining performance of a projector (for example, a range of color gamut).
However, according to the findings of the inventors of the present invention, phosphors of the related art has not been designed in consideration of application to the wavelength conversion member of the projector, and there is room for improvement. For example, the phosphor (phosphor particles) used for producing white LEDs of the related art is not suitable to produce the wavelength conversion member of the projector.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide phosphor particles that are preferably applicable to production of a wavelength conversion member of a projector.
The inventors of the present invention have completed the present invention provided below and solved the problem described above.
According to the present invention, there is provided phosphor particles for producing a wavelength conversion member of a projector, the phosphor particles including β-type sialon, in which a cured sheet produced by the following sheet producing procedure satisfies the following optical characteristics.
(1) 40 parts by mass of the phosphor particle and 60 parts by mass of a silicone resin OE-6630 manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. are subjected to a stirring treatment and a defoaming treatment using a rotation and revolution mixer to obtain a uniform mixture.
(2) The mixture obtained in the section (1) is added dropwise to a transparent first fluororesin film, a transparent second fluororesin film is further laminated on the dropped material to obtain a sheet-like material. This sheet-like material is molded into an uncured sheet using a roller having a gap in which 50 pm is added to a total thickness of the first fluororesin film and the second fluororesin film.
(3) The uncured sheet obtained in the section (2) is heated under conditions of 150° C. and 60 minutes. Then, the first fluororesin film and the second fluororesin film are peeled off to obtain a cured sheet having a film thickness of 50±5 μm.
When an intensity at a peak wavelength of blue light emitted from a blue LED having a peak wavelength in a range of 450 nm to 460 nm is defined as Ii [W/nm], and in a case where the blue light is irradiated on one surface side of the cured sheet, an intensity of light emitted from the other surface side of the cured sheet at a peak wavelength in the range of 450 nm to 460 nm is defined as It [W/nm], and an intensity of the light emitted from the other surface side of the cured sheet at a peak wavelength in a range of 500 nm to 560 nm is defined as Ip [W/nm], It/Ii is equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii is equal to or more than 0.03.
In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a composite including the phosphor particles, and a sealing material that seals the phosphor particles.
In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a wavelength conversion member including the composite.
In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided a projector including the wavelength conversion member.
According to the present invention, the phosphor particles that are preferably applicable to the production of the wavelength conversion member of the projector are provided.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail while referring to drawings.
The drawings are for explanation purposes only. A shape or a dimensional ratio of each member in the drawing does not necessarily correspond to an actual article.
In the present specification, the notation “X to Y” in the description of the numerical range indicates X or more and Y or less unless otherwise specified. For example, “1 to 5% by mass” means “equal to or more than 1% by mass and equal to or less than 5% by mass”.
In the present specification, “LED” represents an abbreviation for a light emitting diode.
In the present specification, a term “phosphor particle” may, in context, mean a phosphor powder, which is a population of phosphor particles.
The phosphor particles of the present embodiment are for producing a wavelength conversion member of a projector. That is, the phosphor particles of the present embodiment are used for producing the wavelength conversion member that converts blue laser light into another color (green or red) in the projector including a blue laser.
The phosphor particles of the present embodiment are formed of β-type sialon. Accordingly, the phosphor particles of the present embodiment generally convert blue light into green light.
A cured sheet produced by the following sheet producing procedure using the phosphor particle of the present embodiment satisfies the following optical characteristics.
(1) 40 parts by mass of the phosphor particle and 60 parts by mass of a silicone resin OE-6630 manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. are subjected to a stirring treatment and a defoaming treatment using a rotation and revolution mixer to obtain a uniform mixture.
(2) The mixture obtained in the section (1) is added dropwise to a transparent first fluororesin film, and a transparent second fluororesin film is further laminated on the dropped material to obtain a sheet-like material. This sheet-like material is molded into an uncured sheet using a roller having a gap in which 50 pm is added to a total thickness of the first fluororesin film and the second fluororesin film.
Here, the expression “molded into an uncured sheet using a roller having a gap” means passing a sheet-like material through a gap between a set of rollers installed to face each other.
In addition, the first fluororesin film and the second fluororesin film are preferably the same film. In this case, the gap of the roller is obtained by adding 50 pm to twice the thickness of one film.
(3) The uncured sheet obtained in the section (2) is heated under conditions of 150° C. and 60 minutes. Then, the first fluororesin film and the second fluororesin film are peeled off to obtain a cured sheet having a film thickness of 50±5 μm.
When an intensity at a peak wavelength of blue light emitted from a blue LED having a peak wavelength in a range of 450 nm to 460 nm is defined as Ii [W/nm], and in a case where the blue light is irradiated on one surface side of the cured sheet, an intensity of light emitted from the other surface side of the cured sheet at a peak wavelength in a range of 450 nm to 460 nm is defined as It [W/nm], and an intensity of the light emitted from the other surface side of the cured sheet at a peak wavelength in a range of 500 nm to 560 nm is defined as Ip [W/nm], It/Ii is equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii is equal to or more than 0.03.
In order to obtain phosphor particles suitable for producing the wavelength conversion member of the projector, the inventors of the present invention considered that the phosphor particles are required to be designed in consideration of a mechanism of the wavelength conversion of the projector, that is, a system in that green light or red light is obtained as blue light “passes through (transmits)” the wavelength conversion member.
Based on this idea, the inventors of the present invention produced a sheet including phosphor particles consisting of β-type sialon and a specific resin by the method described in the section <Sheet Producing Procedure>and employed an index regarding the transmitted light, in a case where the sheet is placed on a blue LED, as a design index. Specifically, It/Ii was set as an index corresponding to a degree of absorption of blue light of the sheet, and Ip/Ii was set as an index corresponding to a degree of conversion efficiency from blue light to green light of the sheet, respectively.
Then, the inventors of the present invention found that the phosphor particles having It/Ii of equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii of equal to or more than 0.03 are preferably applied to the wavelength conversion member of the projector. The configuration of the wavelength conversion member of the projector by such phosphor particles leads to improvement of wavelength conversion efficiency or an increase in color gamut of the projector.
In addition, in a case where the silicone resin OE-6630 manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. is not available when producing the sheet, as a substitute, a silicone material for LED SCR-1011, SCR-1016 or KER-6100/CAT-PH of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used (the amount used is the same as that of OE-6630). According to the findings of the inventors of the present invention, even if these materials manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. are used instead of OE-6630, the value of It/Ii and the value of Ip/Ii are almost the same.
When obtaining the phosphor particle of the present embodiment, it is important not only to select an appropriate material but also to select an appropriate producing method and producing conditions. By appropriately selecting the producing method and producing conditions, a particle diameter, a particle shape, and the like are appropriately controlled, and accordingly, it is likely to obtain a phosphor particle in that It/Ii is equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii is equal to or more than 0.03.
The details of the producing conditions will be described later, and for example, by appropriately adjusting the conditions such as a low-temperature firing step (annealing step), an acid treatment step, and a crushing step which will be described later, it is possible to obtain a phosphor particle in which It/Ii is equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii is equal to or more than 0.03.
It/Ii maybe equal to or less than 0.50, and is preferably equal to or less than 0.41, more preferably equal to or less than 0.40, even more preferably equal to or less than 0.39, particularly preferably equal to or less than 0.30, and still particularly preferably equal to or less than 0.20. A lower limit of It/Ii is, for example, 0.01, from a viewpoint of practical design. Ip/Ii maybe equal to or more than 0.03 and is preferably equal to or more than 0.04 and more preferably equal to or more than 0.05. An upper limit of Ip/Ii is, for example, 0.5, from a viewpoint of practical design.
In addition, the wavelength conversion element produced using the phosphor particles of the present embodiment tends to generate comparatively small heat due to the irradiation of blue light. This is considered because a thin phosphor layer (composite) is likely to be formed, since the phosphor particles of the present embodiment are designed in consideration of “transmission” of light (it is considered that, as the phosphor layer is thin, the heat generation is suppressed).
Hereinafter, the description of the phosphor particle of the present embodiment will be continued.
The phosphor particles of the present embodiment are formed of β-type sialon phosphors represented by a general formula Si12-aAlaObN16-b:EUx (in the formula, 0<a≤3; 0<b≤3; 0<x≤0.1).
In a case where a volume-based cumulative 50% diameter and a volume-based cumulative 90% diameter of the phosphor particle of the present embodiment measured by a laser diffraction and scattering method are defined as D50 and D90, respectively, D50 is, for example, equal to or less than 10 μm, preferably equal to or less than 5 μm, more preferably equal to or more than 0.2 μm and equal to or less than 5 μm, and even more preferably equal to or more than 0.5 μm and equal to or less than 3 μm. D90 is, for example, equal to or less than 17 μm, preferably equal to or less than 10 μm, more preferably equal to or less than 8 μm, and even more preferably equal to or less than 5 μm. A lower limit of D90 is, for example, 2 μm, and is specifically 3 μm.
D50 and D90 are values measured by using a liquid obtained by putting 0.5 g of the phosphor particle into 100 ml of an ion exchange aqueous solution mixed with 0.05% by mass of sodium hexametaphosphate, and performing a dispersion treatment for 3 minutes by placing a chip in a center portion of the liquid using an ultrasonic homogenizer having a transmission frequency of 19.5±1 kHz and an amplitude of 31±5 μm.
A diffuse reflectance of the phosphor particles of the present embodiment with respect to light having a wavelength of 800 nm is preferably equal to or more than 85% and more preferably equal to or more than 90%. A lower limit value of the diffuse reflectance with respect to light having a wavelength of 800 nm is, for example, 80%.
By irradiating the phosphor with light (for example, the light having a wavelength of 800 nm) that Eu, which is an activating element of the β-type sialon phosphor, does not originally absorb, and measuring the diffuse reflectance, crystal defects of the phosphor and absorption of excess light by a compound other than the β-type sialon (also referred to as a heterogeneous phase) of the present invention can be confirmed.
For example, strong mechanical crushing makes it possible to obtain a phosphor having a small particle diameter, but at the same time crystal defects of the surfaces of the phosphor particles increase. Accordingly, the light having a wavelength of 800 nm is easily absorbed by the defects. As a result, the diffuse reflectance may decrease to less than 80%.
A light absorption rate of the phosphor particles of the present embodiment with respect to light having a wavelength of 600 nm is preferably equal to or less than 10%, more preferably equal to or less than 8%, and even more preferably equal to or less than 5%. A lower limit of the light absorption rate with respect to light having a wavelength of 600 nm is practically 0.5%.
In the same manner as the light having a wavelength of 800 nm, as light having a wavelength that Eu, which is an activating element of a phosphor, does not originally absorb, there is light having a wavelength of 600 nm. By evaluating the amount of light absorption rate having a wavelength of 600 nm, a degree of absorption of excess light due to defects in the phosphor or the like can be confirmed.
The light absorption rate of 455 nm of the phosphor particles of the present embodiment is preferably equal to or more than 40% and equal to or less than 80%. By designing the light absorption rate at 455 nm to be within this numerical range, the light from the blue LED is not unnecessarily transmitted, which is preferable for application to the wavelength conversion member of the projector.
An internal quantum efficiency of the phosphor particles of the present embodiment is preferably equal to or more than 50%. In a case where the internal quantum efficiency is equal to or more than 50%, the blue light is appropriately absorbed, and sufficient green light is released. An upper limit of the internal quantum efficiency is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 90%.
An external quantum efficiency of the phosphor particles of the present embodiment is preferably equal to or more than 20%. In a case where the external quantum efficiency is equal to or more than 20%, the blue light is appropriately absorbed and sufficient green light is released. An upper limit of the external quantum efficiency is not particularly limited, and is, for example, equal to or less than 72%.
The method for producing the phosphor particle of the present embodiment is not particularly limited. It can be produced by selecting an appropriate producing method and producing conditions, in addition to the selecting of the appropriate material.
The phosphor particles of the present embodiment can be produced, for example, by the following steps.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the term “step” includes not only independent steps but also steps that cannot be clearly distinguished from other steps as long as the intended purpose of the step is achieved.
As the findings of the inventors of the present invention, the phosphor particles having It/Ii equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii equal to or more than 0.03 is easily obtained particularly by appropriately performing the crushing step after the acid treatment step. Such a producing method is different from a method for producing a β-type sialon phosphor of the related art. However, for the phosphor particles of the present embodiment, various other specific producing conditions can be adopted on the premise that the above-described production efforts are adopted.
Hereinafter, each step will be described.
In the firing step, the raw material powder mixed with the starting raw material is fired.
The raw material powder preferably contains a europium compound, silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride. The silicon nitride and aluminum compound are materials for forming a skeleton of β-type sialon, and the europium compound is a material for forming a light emitting center.
The raw material powder may further contain β-type sialon. The β-type sialon is an aggregate or a material to be a core.
An aspect of each component contained in the raw material powder is not particularly limited and all thereof are preferably in the form of powder.
Examples of europium compound include an oxide containing europium, a hydroxide containing europium, a nitride containing europium, an oxynitride containing europium, and a halide containing europium. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, europium oxide, europium nitride and europium fluoride are preferably used alone, and europium oxide is more preferably used alone.
In the firing step, europium is divided into those that are doped in the β-type sialon, those that volatilize, and those that remain as a heterogeneous phase component. The heterogeneous phase component containing europium can be removed by an acid treatment or the like. However, in a case where a significantly large amount thereof is generated, a component insoluble by the acid treatment may be generated and the brightness may decrease. In addition, as long as it is a heterogeneous phase that does not absorb excess light, it may be in a residual state, and europium may be contained in this heterogeneous phase. When the europium compound is added before the firing in multiple times of the firing steps, a β-type sialon phosphor raw material other than the europium compound may be added together with the europium compound.
A total amount of europium used is not particularly limited, and is preferably 3 times or more the amount of europium doped in the finally obtained β-type sialon phosphor, and more preferably 4 times or more.
In addition, the total amount of europium contained in the raw material powder is not particularly limited, and is preferably 18 times or less the amount of europium doped in the finally obtained β-type sialon phosphor. As a result, the amount of insoluble heterogeneous phase components generated by the acid treatment can be reduced, and the brightness of the obtained β-type sialon phosphor can be further improved.
In the firing step, the raw material powder containing the europium compound can be obtained by using, for example, a method for performing dry-mixing, a method for wet-mixing in an inert solvent that does not substantially react with each component of the raw material, and then removing the solvent, or the like.
As a mixing device, for example, a V-type mixer, a rocking mixer, a ball mill, a vibration mill, or the like can be used.
A firing temperature in the firing step is not particularly limited, and is preferably in a range of equal to or higher than 1800° C. and equal to or lower than 2100° C.
When the firing temperature is the lower limit value or higher, the grain growth of the β-type sialon phosphor proceeds more effectively. Accordingly, a light absorption rate, an internal quantum efficiency, and an external quantum efficiency can be further improved.
When the firing temperature is the upper limit value or lower, the decomposition of the β-type sialon phosphor can be further suppressed. Accordingly, the light absorption rate, the internal quantum efficiency, and the external quantum efficiency can be further improved.
Other conditions such as a heating time, a heating rate, a heating holding time, and a pressure in the firing step are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately adjusted according to the raw materials used. Typically, the heating holding time is preferably 3 to 30 hours, and the pressure is preferably 0.6 to 10 MPa.
In the firing step, as a method for firing a mixture, for example, a method of filling the mixture into a container made of a material (for example, boron nitride) that does not react with the mixture during firing and heating the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere can be used. By using such a method, a crystal growth reaction, a solid solution reaction, and the like can proceed, and the β-type sialon phosphor can be obtained.
The fired product obtained through the firing step is normally a granular or lumpy sintered product. The fired product can be once powderized by using treatments such as cracking, crushing, and classification alone or in combination.
Specific examples of the treatment method include a method of crushing the sintered product to a predetermined particle size using a general crusher such as a ball mill, a vibration mill, or a jet mill. However, attention needs to be paid to excessive crush, because fine particles that easily scatter light may be generated or crystal defects may be caused on a particle surface, resulting in a decrease in light emitting efficiency.
After the firing step, a low-temperature firing step (annealing step) may be further included in which the fired product (preferably once powderized) is heated at a temperature lower than the firing temperature in the firing step to obtain a low-temperature fired powder.
The low-temperature firing step (annealing step) is preferably performed in an inert gas such as a rare gas and a nitrogen gas, a reducing gas such as a hydrogen gas, a carbon monoxide gas, a hydrocarbon gas, and an ammonia gas, or a mixed gas thereof, or in a non-oxidizing atmosphere other than pure nitrogen such as a vacuum. The annealing step is particularly preferably performed in a hydrogen gas atmosphere or an argon atmosphere.
The low-temperature firing step (annealing step) may be performed under atmospheric pressure or pressurization. The heat treatment temperature in the low-temperature firing step (annealing step) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1200 to 1700° C., and more preferably 1300° C. to 1600° C. The time of the low-temperature firing step (annealing step) is not particularly limited, and is preferably 3 to 12 hours, and more preferably 5 to 10 hours.
By performing the low-temperature firing step (annealing step), the light emitting efficiency of the phosphor particles can be sufficiently improved. In addition, the rearrangement of the elements removes strains and defects, so that transparency can also be improved. These are preferable, from a viewpoint of adjusting It/Ii and Ip/Ii.
In the annealing step, heterogeneous phases may occur. However, this can be removed by an acid treatment or the like which will be described later.
A compound of elements constituting the β-type sialon phosphor may be added and mixed before the annealing step. The compound to be added is not particularly limited, and examples thereof includes oxide, nitride, oxynitride, fluoride, chloride, and the like of each element. Particularly, by adding silica, aluminum oxide, europium oxide, europium fluoride, or the like to each heat-treated product, a brightness of the β-type sialon phosphor can be further improved in some cases. However, for the raw material to be added, it is desirable that an undissolved residue can be removed by an acid treatment, an alkali treatment, or the like after the annealing step.
In the acid treatment step, a low-temperature fired powder obtained after the low-temperature firing step (the annealing step) is treated with an acid. Accordingly, at least a part of impurities that do not contribute to light emission can be removed.
As the acid, an aqueous solution containing one or more acids selected from hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid can be used. Particularly, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and a mixed acid of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid are preferable.
The acid treatment can be performed by dispersing the low-temperature fired powder in an aqueous solution containing the acid described above. A stirring time is, for example, equal to or longer than 10 minutes and equal to or shorter than 6 hours and preferably equal to or longer than 30 minutes and equal to or shorter than 3 hours. A temperature at the time of stirring can be, for example, equal to or higher than 40° C. and equal to or lower than 90° C. and preferably equal to or higher than 50° C. and equal to or lower than 70° C.
After the acid treatment step, substances other than the β-type sialon phosphor may be separated by filtration, and the substance attached to the β-type sialon phosphor is desirably washed with water.
In the crushing step, the powder after the acid treatment step is crushed for pulverization. Particularly, by performing the crushing under appropriate conditions, it is possible to produce the phosphor particles having It/Ii equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii equal to or more than 0.03.
In particular, it is preferable that the crushing step is performed with respect to the powder after the acid treatment step by using a ball mill formed of zirconia balls. By the crushing at a rotation rate that is neither too fast nor too slow for the time that is neither too long nor too short, it is likely to obtain the phosphor particle in which It/Ii is equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii is equal to or more than 0.03.
In particular, the crushing performed by the ball mill is preferably performed by adding a mixed solution of ethanol and water. With this mixed solution, a surface state of the phosphor is modified and the aggregation of the pulverized powder can be prevented. A volume ratio of the mixed solution is preferably a mixing ratio that does not fall under the category of dangerous substances under the Fire Defense Law. As an example, the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 1:1.
In the decantation step, the phosphor particles pulverized through the crushing step are put into an appropriate dispersion medium to precipitate the phosphor particles. Then, a supernatant liquid is removed. As a result, the fine particles that may negatively affect the optical characteristics can be removed, and phosphor particles having It/Ii equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii equal to or more than 0.03 is easily obtained.
As the dispersion medium, for example, an aqueous solution of sodium hexametaphosphate can be used.
A precipitate obtained by the decantation step is filtered and dried and, if necessary, passes through a sieve, thereby obtaining desired phosphor particles.
In the wavelength conversion member, a phosphor layer 2 is formed along a rotation direction of a disc-shaped substrate 1 that is rotationally driven by a motor 3. A region where the phosphor layer 2 is formed includes a blue light incidence region to which blue light (typically blue laser light) from a blue light source is incident.
As the substrate 1 is rotationally driven around a rotation axis by the motor 3, the blue light incidence region moves relative to the substrate 31 around the rotation axis.
The phosphor layer 2 is a composite including the phosphor particles, and a sealing material that seals the phosphor particles.
As the sealing material for forming the phosphor layer 2 (the composite), for example, a silicone resin material can be used. For the silicone resin material, a silicone resin cured by heat and/or light that is supplied from Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. and Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. is preferable from viewpoints of heat resistance and the like, in addition to transparency. Silicone resin OE-6630 manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd., silicone material LED SCR-1011, SCR-1016, and KER-6100/CAT-PH manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. are preferred examples of the sealing material. In addition, as the sealing material, an epoxy resin material, a urethane resin material, or the like can be used.
The amount of the phosphor particles in the phosphor layer 2 (the composite) is, for example, 10% to 70% by mass, and preferably 25% to 55% by mass.
The substrate 1 is preferably configured with a material that transmits visible light. Examples of the material of the substrate 1 include quartz glass, crystal, sapphire, optical glass, a transparent resin, and the like. A dielectric multilayer film is provided between the substrate 1 and the phosphor layer 2 (not shown), and the dielectric multilayer film functions as a dichroic mirror, transmits blue light having a wavelength of approximately 450 nm, and reflects light having a wavelength of 490 nm or more including a wavelength range (490 nm to 750 nm) of the phosphor emitted from the phosphor layer 2.
A shape of the substrate 1 is typically disc shape, but is not limited to the disc-shape.
The phosphor layer 2 rotates together with the substrate 1 during use. In such a substrate 1, in a case where the blue light (laser light) is incident on the phosphor layer 2, a part of the phosphor layer 2 corresponding to the blue light incidence region generates heat. As the substrate 1 rotates, this heated part (the heated part) moves in a circle around the rotation axis and returns to the blue light incidence region, and this cycle is repeated. As described above, by sequentially changing an irradiation position of the blue light with respect to the phosphor layer 2, excessive heat generation is suppressed.
At least a part of the blue light incident on the wavelength conversion member is wavelength-converted into green light by the phosphor layer 2 containing the β-type sialon. At least a part of the green light is emitted to a side opposite to a side to which the blue light is incident.
A projector using a blue light source typically includes a blue light source such as a blue laser, a wavelength conversion member that converts a wavelength of blue light emitted from the blue light source, a modulation element that modulates light emitted from the wavelength conversion element by an image signal, and an our optical system that projects the light modulated by the modulation element. For specific configurations of the wavelength conversion element and the projector,
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but these are examples of the present invention and various configurations other than the examples can also be adopted. In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications, improvements, and the like within the range in which the object of the present invention can be achieved are included in the present invention.
In addition, in the present specification, the description was made assuming that the wavelength conversion element is a so-called “transmission type”, but even in a case where the wavelength conversion element is a so-called “reflection type”, the phosphor particles of the present embodiment is preferably used for producing the wavelength conversion element. Even in a case where the wavelength conversion element is of a reflection type, in a case where the phosphor layer is thin, some of the blue light passes through the phosphor layer without being absorbed, excitation light is reflected by a reflection surface on a rear side of the phosphor layer, and some of the excitation light is absorbed by the phosphor layer and emitted to the outside again, and accordingly, the reflection type and the transmission type have common concept.
The embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on examples and comparative examples. It is noted, just to be sure, that the present invention is not limited to only Examples.
The phosphor particles of Example 1 were produced through each step of
Hereinafter, these steps will be described in detail.
As starting raw materials of the phosphor of Example 1, a silicon nitride powder (SN-E10 grade manufactured by UBE Corporation), an aluminum nitride powder (E grade manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation), an aluminum oxide powder (TM-DAR grade manufactured by Taimei Chemical Co., Ltd.), and europium oxide (RU grade manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) were blended and mixed so that each element satisfies Si:Al:O:Eu=5.83:0.18:0.18:0.03 as a molar ratio. In addition, the nitrogen content is determined in a case where the raw materials are blended according to the molar ratio.
Each of these starting raw materials was mixed with a small-sized mill mixer to sufficiently disperse and mix the materials. After that, the mixture was passed through the entire sieve having an opening of 150 μm to remove aggregates, and this was used as a raw material powder.
The raw material powder was filled in a lid-attached cylindrical boron nitride container (manufactured by Denka) and fired in an electric furnace with a carbon heater in a pressurized nitrogen atmosphere of 0.9 MPa at 1900° C. for 5 hours. By doing so, a fired product was obtained.
The fired product obtained in the firing step was filled in a cylindrical boron nitride container. This was held in the electric furnace including the carbon heater in an argon flow atmosphere with an atmospheric pressure at 1500° C. for 7 hours. By doing so, a low-temperature fired powder was obtained.
The low-temperature fired powder was immersed in a mixed acid of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. Then, heat treatment was performed at 60° C. or higher for 3 hours. The low-temperature fired powder after the heat treatment was sufficiently washed with pure water, dried, and passed through a 45 μm sieve to obtain a powder after the acid treatment step (acid-treated powder).
In addition, during the firing step, as a compound containing oxygen such as SiO generated by a side reaction of the raw material powder volatilizes, a content of oxygen contained in the fired product obtained in the firing step tends to be decreased than a content of oxygen contained in the raw material powder, and accordingly, a compound (heterogeneous phase) other than the β-type sialon phosphor, which contains oxygen, aluminum, and europium that did not doped in the β-type sialon phosphor after the firing may be generated. Most or a part of the heterogeneous phase is dissolved and removed by the acid treatment step.
The acid-treated powder was added into a mixed solution of water and ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a dispersion liquid. This dispersion liquid was crushed by using the ball mill (zirconia balls) at a rotation rate of 40 rpm for 14 hours. After that, the resultant material was filtered, dried, and passed through a sieve with a nominal opening of 45 μm to obtain a powder after the crushing step.
In order to remove the ultrafine powder from the powder after the acid treatment step, the decantation step of removing fine powder of a supernatant liquid while precipitating the powder after the acid treatment step was performed, and the obtained precipitate was filtered, dried, and passed through a sieve with a nominal opening of 45 μm. Finally, a β-type sialon phosphor of Example 1 was obtained.
In addition, the decantation operation was performed by a method for calculating a precipitation time of the phosphor particle by setting of removing particles having a diameter of equal to or less than 2 μm by the Stokes' equation, and removing the supernatant liquid having a height equal to or higher than a predetermined height at the same time when a predetermined time elapses from the start of the precipitation. An aqueous solution of ion exchange water containing 0.05% by mass of sodium hexametaphosphate was used as a dispersion medium, and a device set to suck up the liquid above the tube with a suction port installed at the predetermined height of the cylindrical container to remove the supernatant liquid was used. The decantation operation was repeated.
For the phosphors of Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the crushing time of the crushing step (ball mill crushing) of Example 1 was changed as shown in Table 1. Specifically, in Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 1, the crushing time of the crushing step was set as 10 hours, 9 hours, and 5 hours, respectively, as shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 2, the ball mill crushing was not performed.
Phosphor particles of Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 for steps other than the crushing step.
Phosphor particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the firing temperature in the firing step was set to 2000° C., the firing time was set to 18 hours, and the crushing time in the crushing step was set to 20 hours.
Phosphor particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the acid treatment step and the decantation step were not performed, as shown in Table 1.
For each phosphor particle of Examples and Comparative examples, the crystal structure was confirmed by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern using a Cu—Kα ray, using an X-ray diffractometer (Ultima IV manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd.).
The same diffraction pattern as the β-type sialon crystal was observed in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of each of the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples. In other words, it was confirmed that β-type sialon phosphors were obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples.
The D50 and D90 of each phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples were measured by Microtrac MT3300EXII (Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.), which is a particle diameter measuring device of a laser diffraction and scattering method. A specific measurement procedure is as follows.
(1) 0.5 g of a phosphor was added to 100 mL of an aqueous solution of ion exchange water mixed with 0.05% by mass of sodium hexametaphosphate, and a chip was placed in a center portion of the liquid using an ultrasonic homogenizer US-150E (manufactured by NISSEI Corporation) at an amplitude of 100%, an oscillation frequency of 19.5±1 kHz, a chip size of 20 mmφ, an amplitude of approximately 31 μm, and dispersed for 3 minutes. Accordingly, a dispersion liquid for measurement was obtained.
(2) After that, the particle diameter distribution of the phosphor particles in the dispersion liquid for measurement was measured using the particle diameter measuring device. The D50 and D90 were obtained from the obtained particle diameter distribution.
The 455 nm light absorption rate, the internal quantum efficiency, and the external quantum efficiency of each of the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples were calculated by the following procedure.
The concave cell was filled with the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples so that the surface was smooth, respectively, and the integrating sphere was attached to the opening. Monochromatic light spectrally split into a wavelength of 455 nm from a light emitting source (Xe lamp) was introduced into the integrating sphere as the excitation light of the phosphor using an optical fiber. This monochromatic light was emitted to the phosphor sample, and the fluorescence spectrum of the sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (MCPD-7000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). Based on the obtained spectral data, the number of excitation reflected light photons (Qref) and the number of fluorescence photons (Qem) were calculated. The number of excitation reflected light photons was calculated in the same wavelength range as that of the number of excitation light photons, and the number of fluorescence photons was calculated in a range of 465 to 800 nm.
In addition, using the same device, a standard reflective plate (Spectralon (registered trademark) manufactured by Labsphere) having a reflectance of 99% was attached to the opening of the integrating sphere, and a spectrum of the excitation light at a wavelength of 455 nm was measured. At this time, the number of excitation light photons (Qex) was calculated from the spectrum in a wavelength range of 450 to 465 nm.
The 455 nm light absorption rate and the internal quantum efficiency of the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples were obtained by calculation equations shown below.
455 nm light absorption rate={(Qex−Qref)/Qex}×100
Internal quantum efficiency={Qem/(Qex−Qref)}×100
In addition, the external quantum efficiency is obtained by the calculation equation shown below.
External quantum efficiency=(Qem/Qex)×100
Therefore, from the above equation, the external quantum efficiency has the following relationship.
External quantum efficiency=455 nm light absorption rate×internal quantum efficiency
The peak wavelength of the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples was a wavelength showing a highest intensity at a wavelength in a range of 465 nm to 800 nm of spectral data obtained by attaching the phosphor to the opening of the integrating sphere.
The diffuse reflectance of the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured by attaching an integrating sphere device (ISV-469) to an ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer (V-550) manufactured by JASCO Corporation. In the measurement, baseline correction was performed with a standard reflective plate (Spectralon (registered trademark)), and a solid sample holder filled with the phosphor particles was attached to measure the diffuse reflectance in a wavelength range of 500 to 850 nm.
The 800 nm diffuse reflectance in this specification is a diffuse reflectance value particularly at 800 nm in this measurement.
The 600 nm light absorption rate of the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured by the following procedure.
A standard reflective plate having a reflectance of 99% (Spectralon (registered trademark) manufactured by Labsphere) was set in an opening of an integrating sphere. Monochromatic light split at a wavelength of 600 nm from a light emitting source (Xe lamp) was introduced in the integrating sphere by an optical fiber, and a reflected light spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer (MCPD-7000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.). At this time, the number of incident light photons (Qex(600)) was calculated from the spectrum in a wavelength range of 590 to 610 nm.
Next, the concave cell was filled with the β-type sialon phosphor so that the surface is smooth, and was set in the opening of the integrating sphere. Thereafter, the monochromatic light having a wavelength of 600 nm was emitted, and an incident reflected light spectrum was measured with a spectrophotometer. The number of incident reflected light photons (Qref (600)) was calculated from the obtained spectral data. The number of incident reflected light photons (Qref (600)) was calculated in the same wavelength range as the number of incident light photons (Qex (600)). From the obtained two types of photon numbers, the 600 nm light absorption rate was calculated based on the following equation.
600 nm light absorption rate=((Qex(600)−Qref(600))/Qex(600))×100
In a case where a standard sample of the β-type sialon phosphor (NIMS Standard Green lot No. NSG1301, manufactured by SiAlON) was measured by the measurement method described above, the 600 nm light absorption rate was 7.6%. The value of the 600 nm light absorption rate may change in a case where a manufacturer of the measuring device, a production lot number, or the like changes. Accordingly, in a case where the manufacturer of the measuring device, the production lot number, or the like has changed, each measured value was corrected by setting the measured value of the standard sample of the β-type sialon phosphor as a reference value.
The sheet formation of each phosphor and the evaluation of the optical characteristics were performed according to the following procedure.
(1) 40 parts by mass of the phosphor particle and 60 parts by mass of a silicone resin OE-6630 manufactured by Dow Corning Toray Co., Ltd. were subjected to a stirring treatment and a defoaming treatment using a rotation and revolution mixer to obtain a uniform mixture. As the rotation and revolution mixer, a model ARE-310 manufactured by Thinky Corporation was used. In addition, regarding the stirring treatment and the defoaming treatment, specifically, the stirring treatment was performed at a rotation rate of 2000 rpm for 2 minutes and 30 seconds, and then the defoaming treatment was performed at a rotation rate of 2200 rpm for 2 minutes and 30 seconds.
(2) The mixture obtained in the section (1) was added dropwise to a transparent fluororesin film (NR5100-003:100P manufactured by FLONLINE Chemical), and a transparent fluororesin film was further laminated on the dropped material. This was molded into an uncured sheet using a roller having a gap in which 50 μm was added to twice the film thickness.
(3) The uncured sheet obtained in the section (2) was heated under conditions at 150° C. for 60 minutes, and then the fluororesin film was peeled off to obtain a cured sheet having a film thickness of 50±5 μm.
Using the device schematically shown in
In the measurement described above, the following blue LED was used.
Product number and the like: SMT type PLCC-6 0.2 W SMD 5050 LED
Peak wavelength: 450nm to 460nm
Chromaticity x: 0.145 to 0.165
Chromaticity y: 0.023 to 0.037
In addition, in
The y value (chromaticity Y) of the cured sheet using the phosphor particles of Examples and Comparative Examples is obtained by calculating CIE chromaticity coordinate y value (chromaticity Y) in XYZ color system regulated in JIS 28701 based on JIS Z 8724 from a wavelength range data in a range of 400 nm to 800 nm of the light emission spectrum. The larger the y value, the higher the color gamut of the projector (the green expression area expands), which is preferable.
Table 1 collectively shows the producing conditions (including raw material composition) and evaluation results of each of Examples and Comparative Examples.
phosphor
(μm)
(μm)
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
As shown in Table 1, in Examples in which It/Ii was equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii was equal to or more than 0.03, a sufficiently large light emitting efficiency (internal quantum efficiency: equal to or more than 50%) and a sufficiently large y value (equal to or more than 0.150) were obtained. In other words, it was shown that it is preferable that the phosphor particles of Examples are applied to the wavelength conversion member of the projector using the blue laser light, from a viewpoint of excellent wavelength conversion efficiency or an increase in the color gamut.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples in which It/Ii was more than 0.50 and/or Ip/Ii was less than 0.03, the y value was smaller than that in Examples.
In addition, from Examples and Comparative Examples shown in
Table 1, although the same raw materials are used, It/Ii and Ip/Ii change depending on the presence or absence of acid treatment, the conditions (time) of ball mill crushing, the presence or absence of decantation, and the like. From this, it is found that the phosphor particle in which It/Ii is equal to or less than 0.50 and Ip/Ii is equal to or more than 0.03 is obtained by selecting appropriate producing conditions, in addition to selecting appropriate raw materials.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-128973 filed on Jul. 30, 2020, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-128973 | Jul 2020 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/025925 | 7/9/2021 | WO |
