Photonic crystal surface states

Abstract

A photonic crystal may be configured to support a surface state for logic.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a photonic band gap diagram.

FIG. 2 shows a first photonic crystal structure.

FIG. 3 shows a first photonic crystal structure and a second structure.

FIG. 4 shows a first photonic crystal structure including a first material and a second material.

FIG. 5 shows a top view of a first photonic crystal structure.

FIG. 6 shows a side view of a first photonic crystal structure.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of a first photonic crystal structure and an energy guide.

FIG. 8 shows a top view of a system including a first photonic crystal structure.

FIG. 9 shows a top view of a system including a first photonic crystal structure.

FIG. 10 shows a top view of a system including a first photonic crystal structure.

FIG. 11 shows a first photonic crystal structure.

FIG. 12 shows a top view of a first photonic crystal structure.

Claims

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20. An apparatus comprising: a first photonic crystal structure including a boundary region configured to support a surface state, the first photonic crystal structure including a first surface state input coupled to the boundary region a first surface state output coupled to the boundary region, and a first gate, the first gate including a region having one or more variable electromagnetic properties; andan energy generator operably coupled to the first surface state input.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the energy generator includes a laser.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the energy generator is configured to produce a surface state.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the energy generator is configured to produce a coherent surface state.

24. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the energy generator is configured to produce electromagnetic energy and wherein the apparatus further includes a converter configured to convert the electromagnetic energy into a surface state.

25. The apparatus of claim 105 wherein the coupling structure includes an input coupling structure operably coupled to the first surface state input.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the input coupling structure includes a diffraction grating.

27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the input coupling structure includes a region arranged to receive electromagnetic energy.

28. The apparatus of claim 105 wherein the coupling structure includes an output coupling structure operably coupled to the surface state output.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the output coupling structure includes a diffraction grating.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the output coupling structure includes a region arranged to output electromagnetic energy.

31. An apparatus comprising: a first photonic crystal structure including a boundary region configured to support a surface state, the first photonic crystal structure including a first surface state input coupled to the boundary region, a first surface state output coupled to the boundary region, and a first gate, the first gate including a region having one or more variable electromagnetic properties; anda converter configured to convert the surface state into electromagnetic energy.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the converter includes a defect at the boundary region.

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38. An apparatus comprising: a first photonic crystal structure including a boundary region configured to support a surface state, the first photonic crystal structure including a first surface state input coupled to the boundary region, a first surface state output coupled to the boundary region, and a first gate, the first gate including a region having one or more variable electromagnetic properties; andan energy guide coupled to the first gate.

39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein the energy guide is structured to direct electromagnetic energy.

40. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein the energy guide is structured to support a surface state.

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42. An apparatus comprising: a first photonic crystal structure including a boundary region configured to support a surface state, the first photonic crystal structure including a first surface state input coupled to the boundary region a second surface state input coupled to the boundary region a first surface state output coupled to the boundary regions and a first gate, the first gate including a region having one or more variable electromagnetic properties.

43. The apparatus of claim 42 further including a second surface state output coupled to the boundary region.

44. The apparatus of claim 43 further including a second gate.

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50. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the first surface state output is coupled to the second surface state input.

51. The apparatus of claim 42 further including a guide coupled to the first surface state output and the second surface state input.

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105. An apparatus comprising: a first photonic crystal structure including a boundary region configured to support a surface state, the first photonic crystal structure including a first surface state input coupled to the boundary region, a first surface state output coupled to the boundary region, and a first gate, the first gate including a region having one or more variable electromagnetic properties; anda coupling structure operably coupled to the first surface state input.