Claims
- 1. A method of improving the nutritional value of a foodstuff consumed by a monogastric animal by increasing the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the step of feeding to the animal the foodstuff in combination with less than 1200 units of a phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff,
wherein the phytase is Escherichia coli-derived AppA2; and wherein the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate is increased by at least 2-fold compared to the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate obtained by feeding the foodstuff in combination with the same units of a phytase expressed in a non-yeast host cell.
- 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is an avian species.
- 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the avian species is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a turkey, a duck, and a pheasant.
- 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal a porcine species.
- 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is a marine or a fresh water aquatic species.
- 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is a domestic animal.
- 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the domestic animal is a canine species.
- 8. The method of claim 6 wherein the domestic animal is a feline species.
- 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is a human.
- 10. The method of claim 4 wherein the foodstuff is pig feed.
- 11. The method of claim 3 wherein the foodstuff is poultry feed.
- 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the yeast is selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces species, Pichia species, Kluyveromyces species, Hansenula species, and Candida species.
- 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the yeast is Pichia pastoris.
- 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 1000 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 700 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 500 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 200 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the phytase has an optimal activity at a pH of less than about 4.
- 20. The method of claim 1 wherein the phytase expressed in yeast is cleaved with a protease to enhance the capacity of the phytase to increase the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate compared to intact yeast-expressed phytase.
- 21. A method of reducing the feed to weight gain ratio of a monogastric animal by feeding the animal a foodstuff wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the step of feeding to the animal the foodstuff in combination with a phytase expressed in yeast,
wherein the phytase is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli-derived AppA2 and a site-directed mutant of Escherichia coli-derived AppA; and wherein the feed to weight gain ratio of the animal is reduced.
- 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is an avian species.
- 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the avian species is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a turkey, a duck, and a pheasant.
- 24. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is a pig.
- 25. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is a marine or a fresh water aquatic species.
- 26. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is a domestic animal.
- 27. The method of claim 26 wherein the domestic animal is a canine species.
- 28. The method of claim 26 wherein the domestic animal is a feline species.
- 29. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is a human.
- 30. The method of claim 24 wherein the foodstuff is pig feed.
- 31. The method of claim 23 wherein the foodstuff is poultry feed.
- 32. The method of claim 21 wherein the yeast is selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces species, Pichia species, Kluyveromyces species, Hansenula species, and Candida species.
- 33. The method of claim 32 wherein the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- 34. The method of claim 32 wherein the yeast is Pichia pastoris.
- 35. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with less than 1200 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 36. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 1000 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 37. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 700 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 38. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 500 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 39. The method of claim 21 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 200 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 40. The method of claim 21 wherein the site-directed mutant has an amino acid sequence as specified in SEQ ID No.: 5.
- 41. The method of claim 40 wherein the site-directed mutant differs from wild type AppA by at least one amino acid substitution which disrupts disulfide bond formation between cysteine residues at positions 100 and 210.
- 42. The method of claim 21 wherein the phytase has an optimal activity at a pH of less than about 4.
- 43. The method of claim 21 wherein the phytase expressed in yeast is cleaved with a protease to enhance the capacity of the phytase to reduce the feed to weight gain ratio of the animal compared to intact yeast-expressed phytase.
- 44. A method of improving the nutritional value of a foodstuff consumed by a monogastric animal by increasing the bone mass and mineral content of the animal wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the step of feeding to the animal the foodstuff in combination with a phytase expressed in yeast
wherein the phytase is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli-derived AppA2 and a site-directed mutant of Escherichia coli-derived AppA; and wherein the bone mass and mineral content of the animal is increased.
- 45. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is an avian species.
- 46. The method of claim 45 wherein the avian species is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a turkey, a duck, and a pheasant.
- 47. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is a pig.
- 48. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is a marine or a fresh water aquatic species.
- 49. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is a domestic animal.
- 50. The method of claim 49 wherein the domestic animal is a canine species.
- 51. The method of claim 49 wherein the domestic animal is a feline species.
- 52. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is a human.
- 53. The method of claim 47 wherein the foodstuff is pig feed.
- 54. The method of claim 46 wherein the foodstuff is poultry feed.
- 55. The method of claim 44 wherein the yeast is selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces species, Pichia species, Kluyveromyces species, Hansenula species, and Candida species.
- 56. The method of claim 55 wherein the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- 57. The method of claim 55 wherein the yeast is Pichia pastoris.
- 58. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with less than 1200 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 59. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 1000 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 60. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 700 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 61. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 500 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 62. The method of claim 44 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 200 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 63. The method of claim 44 wherein the site-directed mutant has an amino acid sequence as specified in SEQ ID No.: 5.
- 64. The method of claim 63 wherein the site-directed mutant differs from wild type AppA by at least one amino acid substitution which disrupts disulfide bond formation between cysteine residues at positions 100 and 210.
- 65. The method of claim 44 wherein the phytase has an optimal activity at a pH of less than about 4.
- 66. The method of claim 44 wherein the phytase expressed in yeast is cleaved with a protease to enhance the capacity of the phytase to increase the bone mass and mineral content of the animal compared to intact yeast-expressed phytase.
- 67. A feed additive composition for addition to an animal feed comprising a yeast-expressed phytase and a carrier for the phytase wherein the concentration of the phytase in the feed additive composition is greater than the concentration of the phytase in the final feed mixture.
- 68. The feed additive composition of claim 67 wherein the phytase is spray dried.
- 69. The feed additive composition of claim 67 wherein the phytase is selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli-derived AppA2 and a site-directed mutant of Escherichia coli-derived AppA.
- 70. The feed additive composition of claim 67 wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of rice hulls, wheat middlings, vegetable fat, a hydrogenated lipid, a polysaccharide, a monosaccharide, mineral oil, calcium carbonate, gelatin, milk powder, phytate and other phytate-containing compounds, and a base mix.
- 71. The feed additive composition of claim 70 wherein the base mix comprises vitamins and minerals.
- 72. A foodstuff comprising the feed additive composition of claim 67 wherein the concentration of the phytase in the final feed mixture is less than 1200 units of the phytase per kilogram of the final feed mixture.
- 73. The foodstuff of claim 72 wherein the final feed mixture comprises from about 50 to about 1000 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the final feed mixture.
- 74. The foodstuff of claim 72 wherein the final feed mixture comprises from about 50 to about 700 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the final feed mixture.
- 75. The foodstuff of claim 72 wherein the final feed mixture comprises from about 50 to about 500 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the final feed mixture.
- 76. The foodstuff of claim 72 wherein the final feed mixture comprises from about 50 to about 200 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the final feed mixture.
- 77. The foodstuff of claim 72 wherein the final feed mixture further comprises 0.1% exogenously added inorganic phosphate or less.
- 78. The foodstuff of claim 72 wherein the foodstuff exhibits increased nutritional value compared to the nutritional value of a foodstuff containing the same units of a phytase expressed in a non-yeast host cell.
- 79. A method of improving the nutritional value of a foodstuff consumed by a monogastric animal wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the steps of:
spray drying a phytase selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli-derived AppA2 and a site-directed mutant of Escherichia coli-derived AppA; mixing the phytase with a carrier for the phytase and, optionally, other ingredients to produce a feed additive composition for supplementing a foodstuff with the phytase; mixing the feed additive composition with the foodstuff; and feeding the animal the foodstuff supplemented with the feed additive composition.
- 80. A method of improving the nutritional value of a foodstuff consumed by an avian species by increasing the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the step of feeding to the avian species the foodstuff in combination with less than 1200 units of a phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff, wherein the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate is increased by at least 1.5-fold compared to the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate obtained by feeding to a non-avian species the foodstuff in combination with the phytase expressed in yeast.
- 81. The method of claim 80 wherein the avian species is selected from the group consisting of a chicken, a turkey, a duck, and a pheasant.
- 82. The method of claim 80 wherein the foodstuff is poultry feed.
- 83. The method of claim 80 wherein the yeast is selected from the group consisting of Saccharomyces species, Pichia species, Kluyveromyces species, Hansenula species, and Candida species.
- 84. The method of claim 80 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with 2000 units or less of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 85. The method of claim 80 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with 1500 units or less of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 86. The method of claim 80 wherein the phytase has an optimal activity at a pH of less than about 4.
- 87. The method of claim 80 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 1000 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 88. The method of claim 80 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 700 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 89. The method of claim 80 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 500 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 90. The method of claim 80 wherein the animal is fed the foodstuff in combination with from about 50 to about 200 units of the phytase expressed in yeast per kilogram of the foodstuff.
- 91. The method of claim 80 wherein the phytase expressed in yeast is cleaved with a protease to enhance the capacity of the phytase to increase the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate compared to intact yeast-expressed phytase.
- 92. The method of claim 80 wherein the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate obtained by feeding the foodstuff in combination with the phytase expressed in yeast is increased by at least 2-fold compared to the bioavailability of phosphate from phytate obtained by feeding the foodstuff in combination with the same units of a phytase expressed in a non-yeast host cell.
- 93. A method of reducing the feed to weight gain ratio of an avian species by feeding the avian species a foodstuff wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the step of feeding to the avian species the foodstuff in combination with a phytase expressed in yeast wherein the feed to weight gain ratio of the animal is reduced.
- 94. A method of improving the nutritional value of a foodstuff consumed by an avian species by increasing the bone mass and mineral content of the avian species wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the step of feeding to the avian species the foodstuff in combination with a phytase expressed in yeast wherein the bone mass and mineral content of the avian species is increased.
- 95. The method of claim 94 wherein the bone mass and mineral content of the avian species obtained by feeding to the avian species the foodstuff in combination with the phytase expressed in yeast is increased by at least 1.5-fold compared to the bone mass and mineral content obtained by feeding to a non-avian species the foodstuff in combination with the phytase expressed in yeast.
- 96. A method of improving the nutritional value of a foodstuff consumed by an avian species wherein the foodstuff comprises myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, the method comprising the step of feeding to the avian species the foodstuff in combination with a phytase expressed in yeast wherein the number of eggs laid and the weight of the eggs laid by the avian species is increased.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C § 11 9(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/335,303, filed on Oct. 31, 2001.
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60335303 |
Oct 2001 |
US |