Patent Application
20110070110
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a piezoelectric micro blower that is capable of transporting a compressible fluid, such as air.
2. Description of the Related Art
A piezoelectric micro pump is used, for example, for a pump for transporting water for cooling a small-sized electronic device, such as a notebook computer, and a pump for transporting fuel in a fuel cell. On the other hand, a piezoelectric micro blower can be used as a blower that replaces a fan for cooling a CPU or other heat generating electronic component or as a blower to supply oxygen that is required for electric power generation in a fuel cell. A piezoelectric micro pump/piezoelectric micro blower is a device that includes a diaphragm that is deformed due to flexion when a voltage is applied to a piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric micro pump/piezoelectric micro blower has the advantages of a simple structure, a low-profile body, and low power consumption.
When an incompressible fluid, such as a liquid, is transported, it is common to provide check valves, each of which is made of a soft material, such as rubber or resin, at an inlet port and an outlet port. In addition, it is common to drive a piezoelectric element at a low frequency, such as tens of hertz. Although the maximum displacement is obtained when a piezoelectric element is driven approximately at the resonance frequency of a diaphragm (a first-order resonance frequency or a third-order resonance frequency), a check valve fails to operate in response thereto because the resonance frequency has a high frequency in the kHz range. Therefore, it is preferable to use a piezoelectric micro blower that does not include any check valve to transport a compressible fluid.
A flow generation device is disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. S64-2793. The flow generation device disclosed therein includes a substrate that includes a pressurizing chamber that is filled with a fluid, a nozzle plate that includes nozzles that are directed to the pressurizing chamber, an opening, and an electric vibrator that is attached to the nozzle plate such that the nozzles are located approximately at the center of the opening. The nozzle plate and the electric vibrator are attached to the substrate. An alternating current that has a frequency that is close to the resonance frequency of the electric vibrator is supplied to the electric vibrator. When such a structure is used, a check valve can be omitted. In addition, it is possible to increase the flow rate by driving the vibrator at a high frequency. In a structure illustrated in FIG. 5 of Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. S64-2793, an air chamber into which air flows is provided in front of the nozzle plate. A fluid that is ejected through the nozzles sucks ambient air into the air chamber. The fluid is discharged through an exit port together with the ambient air. However, since the open area of the air chamber is relatively large, the pressure energy of the fluid that is ejected through the nozzles is dissipated into the periphery of the air chamber. For this reason, the structure disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. S64-2793 has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to increase the flow rate through the exit port.
A micro blower that includes an ejection unit that sucks air from the outside and ejects the air, a cover that includes an exit port to discharge the air ejected from the ejection unit, and a base unit that is connected to the ejection unit is disclosed in a Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-113918. The micro blower includes an ejection plate that includes a suction hole and an ejection hole. A vibration plate that is provided with a magnetic sheet is attached to the back of the ejection plate. A pressurizing chamber is provided between the ejection plate and the vibration plate. A coil is used to vibrate the magnetic sheet. Ejection airflow is generated from a cavity as a result of the vibration of the magnetic sheet. The airflow sucks ambient air into a cover cavity that is located in front of the ejection plate. The fluid ejected is discharged through the exit port together with the ambient air. Since the open area of the cover cavity is greater than that of the pressurizing chamber, the pressure energy of the fluid that is ejected through the ejection hole is dissipated into the cover cavity. For this reason, the structure disclosed therein has the same disadvantage as that of the structure disclosed in the Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. S64-2793, that is, it is difficult to increase the flow rate through the exit port.
To overcome the problems described above, preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a piezoelectric micro blower which is capable of transporting a compressible fluid efficiently without using a check valve and achieving an increased flow rate.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a piezoelectric micro blower including a blower body, a driver including a peripheral portion that is fixed to the blower body and a piezoelectric element, and a blower chamber provided between the blower body and the driver, wherein a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element to cause the driver to vibrate due to flexion to transport a compressible fluid. The piezoelectric micro blower preferably includes a first wall of the blower body, the blower chamber being provided between the driver and the first wall, a first opening that extends through the first wall, the inside of the blower chamber being in communication with the outside of the blower chamber through the first opening, a second wall that is provided at a side opposite the blower chamber with the first wall being provided between the second wall and the blower chamber, the second wall being spaced at a distance from the first wall, a second opening that extends through the second wall, a central space that is provided between the first wall and the second wall, has an open area that is greater than the first opening and the second opening but less than the blower chamber, and is in communication with the first opening and the second opening, and an inlet passage that includes an outer end that is in communication with the outside of the piezoelectric micro blower and an inner end that is connected to the central space, wherein a bottleneck portion that has a passage area that is less than that of the inlet passage is provided in the inlet passage.
When a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element to cause the driver to vibrate due to flexion, a fluid flows at high speed from the first opening to the second opening as the driver becomes displaced. With this arrangement, it is possible to suck a fluid from the inlet passage into the central space. That is, it is possible to suck a fluid from the inlet passage into the central space not only when the driver is displaced into a convex shape that is oriented downward but also when the driver is displaced into a convex shape that is oriented upward. The fluid sucked from the inlet passage and the fluid pressed out of the blower chamber flow into each other. The confluent fluids are discharged together through the second opening. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a discharging flow, the quantity of which is greater than the displacement volume of the driver. The inlet passage is connected to the central space between the first opening and the second opening. Since the inlet passage is not directly connected to the blower chamber, the inlet passage is less susceptible to a pressure change in the blower chamber. Even though a check valve is not provided, a fluid that flows at high speed from the first opening to the second opening does not flow backward into the inlet passage. Thus, it is possible to effectively increase the flow rate. The open area of the central space is preferably greater than the first opening and the second opening but less than the blower chamber. The fluid entering from the inlet passage temporarily accumulates in the central space. Entrained by the flow of a fluid that is blown out through the first opening, the fluid that has accumulated in the central space is discharged through the second opening together with the fluid blown out through the first opening.
When the driver vibrates up and down due to bending as described above, a fluid is sucked from the inlet passage into the central space by utilizing the pressure energy of a fluid pressed out of the blower chamber. The fluid sucked from the inlet passage and the fluid pressed out of the blower chamber flow into each other to be discharged through the second opening. If the inlet passage was directly connected to the central space, the pressure energy of the fluid in the central space would be dissipated into the inlet passage. To avoid such pressure energy dissipation, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bottleneck portion having a passage area that is less than that of the inlet passage is preferably provided in the inlet passage. Since the bottleneck portion is provided in the inlet passage, the pressure energy that is present inside the central space is much less likely to be dissipated into the inlet passage. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently direct the pressure energy toward the second opening, thereby achieving an increase in the flow rate of a fluid discharged through the second opening.
Preferably, the first opening is provided at a portion of the first wall that faces an area of the approximate center of the driver. With this preferred structure, since the first opening is arranged such that it faces an area of approximate the center of the driver, which is the area at which the displacement of the driver is the greatest, it is possible to obtain the maximum flow rate. In addition, preferably, the second opening provided at a portion of the second wall that faces the first opening. With this preferred structure, it is possible for a fluid ejected at high speed from the first opening to pass through the central space and be discharged through the second opening with reduced resistance.
Preferably, the bottleneck portion is provided at a region in which the inlet passage and the central space are connected. The bottleneck portion may be provided anywhere in the inlet passage. However, it is preferable to provide the bottleneck portion at a position close to the central space because the pressure energy that is present inside the central space is less likely to be dissipated into the inlet passage. Thus, it is possible to efficiently direct the pressure energy toward the second opening.
Preferably, the passage area of the bottleneck portion should gradually decrease in a direction of flow from the inlet passage to the central space. Since the average pressure in the central space is less than that in the inlet passage, a pressure gradient exists therebetween. Although pressure loss occurs in a flow channel because of friction between a fluid and wall surfaces, if no bottleneck portion is provided therein, vena contracta would be produced in the vicinity of the entrances to the central space because the pressure of the central space is less than the pressure decrease caused by the pressure loss. A vortex would develop in the vicinity of the vena contracta, which would result in loss. For this reason, the flow rate would decrease. To reduce such a flow loss, the bottleneck portion is preferably provided in the inlet passage. The passage area of the bottleneck portion preferably gradually decreases in a direction of a flow from the inlet passage to the central space. Thus, it is possible to suppress a vortex of a fluid that flows from the inlet passage into the central space from developing, which would thereby further reduce the average pressure in the central space. Therefore, the quantity of a fluid sucked into the central space is increased, which makes it possible to further increase the flow rate of a fluid discharged through the second opening.
Preferably, the inlet passage should include a plurality of passages extending in radial directions from the central space. In addition, preferably, the outer ends of the plural passages of the inlet passage should be respectively in communication with inlet ports. With this preferred structure, it is possible to ensure that the inlet passage has a sufficiently large passage area, which advantageously reduces the flow channel resistance. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the flow rate.
Preferably, the open area of the central space should be arranged such that the portion of the first wall that faces the central space vibrates when the driver vibrates. The vibration of the first wall acts to increase the quantity of a fluid that is caused to flow by the driver. Since the quantity thereof increases because of the displacement of the first wall, it is possible to achieve a further increase in the flow rate. It is more preferable that the portion of the first wall that faces the central space should vibrate in a sympathetic manner as the driver vibrates. That is, it is possible to cause the first wall to vibrate in a sympathetic manner in response to or by following the displacement of the driver by making the natural vibration frequency of the portion of the first wall that faces the central space close to the vibration frequency of the driver. When the first wall vibrates in a sympathetic manner, it is not always necessary that the first wall and the driver must vibrate in the same resonance mode. For example, both the first wall and the driver may vibrate in the first-order mode or a higher-order mode (e.g., third-order mode). Alternatively, one of the first wall and the driver only may vibrate in the first-order mode, while the other may vibrate in a higher-order mode.
The driver according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention may preferably be, for example, a unimorph-type driver that includes a piezoelectric element that expands and contracts in a planar direction and that is attached to one surface of a diaphragm, e.g., a resin plate or a metal plate, for example, a bimorph-type driver that includes piezoelectric elements that expand and contract in opposite directions and that are attached respectively to both surfaces of a diaphragm, or a bimorph-type driver that includes a multilayer piezoelectric element that is deformed due to flexion by itself and that is attached to one surface of a diaphragm. Alternatively, for example, the entire body of the driver may preferably be defined as a multilayer piezoelectric element. The shape of the piezoelectric element may be a disc, a rectangle, or a ring, for example. An intermediate plate may preferably be sandwiched between the piezoelectric element and the diaphragm. The structure may be modified in various ways as long as the driver vibrates in the direction of thickness due to flexion when an alternating voltage, which is either a sinusoidal-wave voltage or a rectangular-wave voltage, is applied to the piezoelectric element.
It is preferable to drive the driver including the piezoelectric element in a first-order resonance mode because the greatest amount of displacement is obtained in the first-order resonance mode. However, since the first-order resonance frequency is within an audible range, a problem of excessive noise might arise. In contrast, if a third-order resonance mode is used, it is possible to obtain an amount of displacement that is greater than that obtained when a resonance mode is not used at all, although the amount of displacement is less than that obtained in the first-order resonance mode. In addition, it is possible to drive the driver at a frequency that is not within the audible range. Therefore, noise will not be generated. The term “first-order resonance mode” means a mode in which the center portion of the driver and the peripheral portion thereof are displaced in the same direction. The term “third-order resonance mode” means a mode in which the center portion of the driver and the peripheral portion thereof are displaced in opposite directions.
As described above, a piezoelectric micro blower according to various preferred embodiments of the present invention produce the following advantageous effects. A driver is caused to vibrate due to bending so as to suck a fluid from a central space into a blower chamber through a first opening. The fluid is pressed out of the blower chamber at high speed to be discharged through a second opening. In the course of flowing, the fluid pressed out thereof entrains a fluid that is present inside the central space to be discharged together. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a discharging flow, the quantity of which is greater than the displacement volume of the driver, without providing a check valve. Thus, it is possible to provide a blower that is capable of blowing a large quantity of a fluid. In addition, since a bottleneck portion is provided in an inlet passage, the bottleneck portion reduces the likelihood that the energy of a pressure fluctuation in the central space will be dissipated into the inlet passage. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently direct the pressure energy toward the second opening. Consequently, it is possible to achieve a further increase in the flow rate.
The above and other elements, features, steps, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be explained.
A piezoelectric micro blower according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in
The top plate 10 is preferably a quadrangular flat plate, for example. A discharging port (second opening) 11 is provided as a through hole at the approximate center of the top plate 10.
The flow channel formation plate 20 is preferably also a flat plate that has substantially the same outer shape as that of the top plate 10. As illustrated in
The separator 30 is preferably also a flat plate that has substantially the same outer shape as that of the top plate 10. A communication hole (first opening) 31 is provided at the approximate center of the separator 30, specifically, at a location corresponding to the position of the discharging port 11. The communication hole 31 preferably has a diameter that is substantially the same as that of the discharging port 11, for example. The diameter of the communication hole 31 may preferably be exactly the same as that of the discharging port 11. The diameter of the communication hole 31 may preferably be different from that of the discharging port 11. However, it is required that the diameter is less than that of the center hole 21. Inlet holes 32 are provided near four corners of the separator 30, specifically, at locations corresponding to the outer ends of the inlet passages 22, respectively. In an assembled state in which the top plate 10 and the separator 30 are attached to the flow channel formation plate 20, the center of the discharging port 11, the center of the center hole 21, and the center of the communication hole 31 are preferably aligned on the same or substantially the same axis. The center of the aligned openings 11, 21, and 31 corresponds to the center of the driver 50, which will be explained later. As will be explained later, preferably, the separator 30 is made of a thin metal plate so that a portion of the separator 30 that is located at an area corresponding to the center hole 21 can be vibrated in a sympathetic manner.
The blower frame member 40 is also preferably a flat plate that has substantially the same outer shape as that of the top plate 10. A circular cavity 41 having a large diameter is preferably provided at the approximate center of the blower frame member 40. Inlet holes 42 are preferably provided near four corners of the blower frame member 40, specifically, at locations corresponding to the positions of the inlet holes 32, respectively. Since the blower frame member 40 is fixed by bonding between the separator 30 and the driver 50, the cavity 41 of the blower frame member 40 defines a blower chamber. The blower chamber 41 is not limited to an enclosed space. The blower chamber 41 may be a partially open space.
The bottom plate 60 is also preferably a flat plate that has substantially the same outer shape as that of the top plate 10. A cavity 61 is preferably provided at the approximate center of the bottom plate 60. The two-dimensional shape of the cavity 61 is substantially the same as that of the blower chamber 41. The bottom plate 60 preferably has a thickness that is greater than the sum of the thickness of a piezoelectric element 52 and the amount of displacement of a diaphragm 51. With this structure, when the piezoelectric micro blower A is mounted on, for example, a substrate, the piezoelectric element 52 is prevented from contacting the substrate. The wall of the cavity 61 surrounds the piezoelectric element 52 of the driver 50, which will be explained later. Inlet holes 62 are preferably provided near four corners of the bottom plate 60, specifically, at locations corresponding to the positions of the inlet holes 32 and 42, respectively.
The driver 50 preferably includes the diaphragm 51 and the piezoelectric element 52. The piezoelectric element 52 preferably has a circular shape, for example, and is attached to the lower surface of the diaphragm 51 at the central area thereof. Besides various metal materials, such as stainless or brass, resin can be used as the material of the diaphragm 51, for example. For example, a resin plate that is made of glass epoxy resin may preferably be used as the diaphragm 51. The piezoelectric element 52 preferably has a disc shaped having a diameter less than that of the cavity 41 of the blower frame member 40. In the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, a single-plate piezoelectric ceramic including electrodes on both surfaces is preferably used as the piezoelectric element 52, for example. The piezoelectric element is attached to the back of the diaphragm 51 (i.e., one surface of the diaphragm 51 that is opposite to the other surface facing the blower chamber 41). That is, the driver 50 is preferably configured as a unimorph driver, for example. When an alternating voltage (either a sinusoidal wave or a rectangular wave) is applied to the piezoelectric element 52, the piezoelectric element 52 expands and contracts in a planar direction. As a result, the displacement of the entire body of the driver 50 in the direction of its thickness occurs due to bending. The alternating voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 52 causes the driver 50 to become displaced either in a first-order resonance mode or in a third-order resonance mode due to bending. Since such a voltage is applied thereto, it is possible to significantly increase the displacement volume of the driver 50 as compared to a case in which a voltage having any frequency other than the above-described frequency is applied thereto. Consequently, it is possible to significantly increase the flow rate.
Inlet holes 51a are preferably provided near four corners of the diaphragm 51, specifically, at locations corresponding to the locations of the inlet holes 32, 42, and 62, respectively. The inlet holes 32, 42, 51a, and 62 are aligned such that they define each of the inlet ports 8. One end of the inlet port 8 is defined as a downward open end. The other end of the inlet port 8 is in communication with the inlet passage 22.
As illustrated in
Although the driver 50 illustrated in
In
A flow-rate measurement was performed for a piezoelectric micro blower A having the following specifications.
Driver: A unimorph element that includes a diaphragm, a single-plate piezoelectric ceramic element, and an intermediate plate that is sandwiched between the diaphragm and the piezoelectric ceramic element was used as the driver. The diaphragm was made of a 42Ni plate having a thickness of about 0.08 mm. The intermediate plate was an SUS430 plate having a thickness of about 0.15 mm and a diameter of about 11 mm. The piezoelectric ceramic element had a thickness of about 0.2 mm and a diameter of about 11 mm.
Blower chamber: about 0.15 mm in height, about 16 mm in diameter
Blower body: about 20 mm in length, about 20 mm in width, about 2.4 mm in height
Separator: SUS430 having a thickness of about 0.05 mm
First opening: about 0.6 mm in diameter
Second opening: about 0.8 mm in diameter
Central space: about 6 mm in diameter, about 0.5 mm in height
Inlet passages: about 2.5 mm in width, about 0.5 mm in height, four passages
Bottleneck portions: about 1 mm in width
A voltage having a sinusoidal waveform of 24 kHz and 20 Vp-p was applied to the piezoelectric micro blower A having the above-described specifications. As a result of the measurement, the flow rate was about 0.9 L/min under a condition of about 100 Pa. The driver was energized in the third-order mode. Alternatively, the driver may be energized in the first-order mode. Another experiment was performed for comparison with the use of a piezoelectric micro blower having the same specifications as described above except that it does not include any bottleneck portion. As a result of the measurement, the flow rate was about 0.77 L/min under the condition of about 100 Pa. From the above-described results, it was discovered that the bottleneck portions contribute to an increase in the flow rate.
It can be inferred that for the following reasons, the quantity of flow is relatively large in the above-described structure in which the inlet passages include the bottleneck portions.
When the driver 50 vibrates, a pressure wave having high energy is generated from the first opening 31. Because of the pressure wave, air is forced out of the central space 21 through the second opening 11. As the driver 50 vibrates, a portion of the separator 30 that defines the bottom wall of the central space 21 also vibrates (refer to
Since there is a high-speed flow inside the central space 21, its average pressure is less than pressure in the inlet passages 22. For this reason, a pressure gradient is produced in a flow channel. The pressure gradient generates a flow from the inlet passages 22 toward the central space 21. Although pressure loss occurs in the inlet passages 22 because of friction between air and wall surfaces, if no bottleneck portion was provided in the flow channel, vena contracta would be produced in the vicinity of entrances to the central space 21 because the pressure of the central space 21 is less than the pressure decreased due to the pressure loss. Therefore, loss due to a vortex being developed would occur in the vicinity of the vena contracta. Consequently, the flow rate of the blower would decrease. In contrast, since the bottleneck portions 23 are preferably provided in the vicinity of entrances to the central space 21, the conformity of the shape of the flow channel to the shape of the flow increases. With the increased conformity, it is possible to prevent a vortex from developing and thus to reduce flow loss. Consequently, the flow rate of the blower is increased.
The separator 30 is preferably attached to the flow channel formation plate 20. The central area of the separator 30 that corresponds to the central space 21 is configured as a regional portion that can vibrate. As illustrated in
Table 1 shows the flow rate obtained when the drive frequency of the driver 50 and the diameter of the central space 21 are changed. The unit of the flow rate is L/min. A diaphragm (42Ni plate) having a thickness of about 0.08 mm was used for a drive frequency of about 24.4 kHz. A diaphragm (42Ni plate) having a thickness of about 0.1 mm was used for a drive frequency of about 25.5 kHz.
As shown in Table 1, the flow rate increases as the frequency increases when the diameter of the central space 21 is about 5 mm, whereas the flow rate increases as the frequency decreases when the diameter of the central space 21 is about 6 mm. As described above, it can be understood that the vibration of the central area of the separator 30 that corresponds to the central space 21 has a strong affect on the flow rate. The following reason can be inferred. The natural vibration frequency of the driver 50 differs depending on the material of the diaphragm 51 and the thickness thereof. It is possible to make the natural vibration frequency of the central area of the separator 30 that corresponds to the central space 21 close to the natural vibration frequency of the driver 50 by adjusting the diameter of the central space 21, thereby producing the sympathetic vibration of the separator 30, which increases the flow rate.
Typically, a plate that is made of SUS304 and has a certain thickness is one and a half times as rigid as a plate that is made of phosphor bronze and has the same thickness. Since the separator of the second sample is twice as thick as the separator of the first sample, the rigidity of the separator of the second sample is far greater than the rigidity of the separator of the first sample. In other words, a portion of the separator of the first sample that faces the central space vibrates, whereas a portion of the separator of the second sample that faces the central space does not significantly vibrate. The purpose of the experiment is to measure the influence of the vibration of a portion of the separator that faces the central space on the flow rate.
As illustrated in
In the foregoing preferred embodiments of the present invention, a portion of a separator (first wall) that corresponds to a central space preferably vibrates in a sympathetic manner as a driver vibrates. However, it is not always necessary for the separator to vibrate in a sympathetic manner. Any alternative structure in which the vibration of a driver excites a separator, and, in addition, the separator vibrates in response to or by following the vibration of the driver makes it possible to achieve an increase in the flow rate. The shape of an inlet passage is not limited to a linear passage extending in a radial direction as shown in
In the foregoing preferred embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of plate members are preferably attached in layers to define a blower body. However, the structure of the blower body is not limited thereto. For example, the top plate and the flow channel formation plate 20 may be integrally molded as a single component that is made of resin or metal. The same applies to, for example, the separator 30 and the blower frame member 40, or the flow channel formation plate 20 and the separator 30.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention, therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-142250 | May 2008 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2009/058968 | May 2009 | US |
| Child | 12953555 | US |
