The inventions relates to the field of pipe piling disassembly and removal and, more particularly, to a remotely controlled pile cutter provided with monitoring systems and controls to facilitate the controlled cutting of piling at a desired depth below mudline of a body of water.
Offshore oil and gas drilling and production platforms are typically supported upon a network of tubular piles. Each of the tubular piles will typically have an upper end that supports the platform structure and lower end driven to a desired depth below the water bottom frequently called tire mud Line. When oil and gas drilling and production activities cease and the platforms are no longer needed, regulations may require that the drilling and production platforms be removed and the tubular piles supporting the platforms to be cut at a specified vertical position or depth below the mudline. Each pile is typically cut with an internal cutter inserted into the tubular pile. This internal cutter allows the pile to be severed and removed without having to dig into the surface mud to facilitate the pile cutting.
Because the piles may be bent, damaged, or driven at an angle it may be difficult to determine the vertical position or depth below the mudline where a cut is to be made or hamper the cutting process because of difficulty in locating and securely positioning a cutter to make a cut on the pile. Other conditions such as impaired visibility due to muddy or murky seawater may hamper or prolong the cutting process by making it difficult, if not impossible, to determine if a cut is being accurately made in a manner sufficient to sever the pile. The cutters now utilized in the industry do not adequately address these difficulties.
The present invention provides a pile cutter for cutting platform piling; specifically hollow tubular piling having a top end that extends above a water bottom, mudline and a bottom end that extends below water bottom mudline. The pile cutter will allow a user to readily determine the vertical position or depth of the pile cutter within a hollow tubular pile and its depth and position with the pile with respect to the mudline. The pile cutter of the present invention will allow a user to readily locate, fix, and stabilize the position of the cutter within the tubular pile so the pile can be cut internally at a specified predetermined vertical position.
The pile cutter is comprised of longitudinally disposed upper and lower tubular centralizer housings. These centralizer housings contain a plurality of pivotally attached centralizer arms. The centralizer arms are mounted within the centralizer housings so they may be radially extended and retracted from the centralizer housings by extending and retracting the piston of a hydraulic cylinder.
Positioned within the lower centralizer housing is a motor assembly comprised of a motor and shaft, a gear box, and bearing assembly. The motor assembly provides 360° rotation about the Longitudinal axis of a longitudinally disposed tubular cutter swing carriage housing that is rotatably mounted with the motor assembly below the lower centralizer housing.
The cutter swing carriage housing contains a cutter swing carriage plate that supports a nozzle of a hydraulic cutter. The cutter swing carriage plate is pivotally mounted on swing carriage plate support arms to swing radially outward through a carriage plate window in the cutter swing carriage housing also by extending and retracting the piston of a hydraulic cylinder.
This allows the cutter swing carriage plate that supports a nozzle of a hydraulic cutter to be extended and retracted from within the cutter swing carriage housing and pivotally positioned as desired.
A lifting sub is attached to the upper tubular centralizer housing so that a lifting wire or cable may be attached to the lifting sub to allow the pile cutter to be lifted into and out of the hollow tubular pile.
A fluid control system comprising pumps, valves, pressure, gauges is provided at the surface, and hydraulic hoses are brought from fluid control system to the hydraulic cylinders of the centralizers and the cutter swing carriage plate of the pile cutter so the pile cutter may be positioned as desired within the pile to be cut. Pressure sensors, depth sensors, motor rotation sensors and encoders, motion sensor, and at least one camera positioned near the cutter with associated wiring, hoses, or necessary umbilical control links may be provided to generate and deliver information signals to a control panel to allow monitoring and viewing of the cut location and the progress made during the pile cutting. Control signals from the control panel may be delivered to the various motors, pumps, and cylinders to adjust the pile cutter in the Getting process if necessary.
The cutter will be a hydraulic cutter or water jet utilizing an abrasive hydraulic cutting fluid delivered from a surface hydraulic pump. Depending upon the types of piles and the working conditions, other types of cutters may be utilized such as rotating wire cutters, carbide saws, air cutters, air and abrasive cutters, or laser cutters.
Both pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders may be suitable for the cylinder and piston mechanism used to extend and retract the centralizers and the cutter swing carriage plate and hydraulic cutter.
The motor used to rotate the cutter swing carriage housing will be a hydraulic motor but another suitable motor such as an electric motor may be utilized.
In use a cable is attached to the lifting sub of the pile cutter and the pile cutter is lowered to a desired position inside the pile to be cut. The position of the pile cutter inside the pile is monitored and determined by the pressure and depth sensors. In this manner the precise placement of the pile cutter within the pile may be determined.
Once the pile cutter is placed in a desired position, the centralizers are extended from the upper and lower centraiizer housing to hold the pile cotter in place. The piston of the cylinder and piston mechanism of the cutter swing carrier plate is then extended to radially extend the cutter swing carriage plate and hydraulic cutter to a position against the interior of the pile where cutting may be commenced. Cutting fluid is pumped through the associated cutting fluid, hoses and through the cutter nozzle to effectuate the cutting action of the pile cutter. The motor assembly is engaged to rotate the cutter swing carriage housing about the longitudinal axis of the pile cutter as the pile is being cut. The rotation of the cutter swing carriage housing and the corresponding rotation of the cutter swing carriage plate and hydraulic cutter are monitored by sensors and encoders. A camera also generates pictures of the cutting progress during the cutting process.
All of the cutting parameters including air pressure, water pressure, water depth, centralizer cylinder and piston pressure, cutter location, cutter motor rotation, cutting fluid pressure and volume, cutter swing carriage housing and the corresponding rotation, of the cutter swing carriage plate and hydraulic cutter rotation, and camera images are monitored by control devices that generate signals to and from a surface control panel. In this manner an operator can determine how effective the cut is being made and its location below the water surface and the mudline. This data may be recorded and maintained for reporting purposes and for regulatory compliance.
In considering the drawings and the description presented with this description, common features that are well established and do not bear upon points of novelty are omitted in the interest of descriptive clarity. Such omitted features may include threaded junctures, weld lines, sealing elements, gaskets, pins, fasteners, screws, and glued or brazed junctures. In some of the drawings the umbilical lines for cylinders and pistons, hydraulic fluids, sensors, and controls are also omitted for clarity.
Referring to now to the drawings, and more particularly to
The centralizer arms (18) are extendable and retractable radially from the upper and lower centralizer housings (14) and (16) by means of the centralizer piston rod and cylinder mechanisms (20) shown in
Extension and retraction of the rod (30) will raise or lower the sliding centralizer hub (24) with respect to the fixed centralizer hub (22) and thereby pivot, each centralizer arm (18) on its corresponding centralizer support (26) to correspondingly radially retract and extend the centralizer arms (18) from the centralizer housings (14) and (16). The extendable and retractable piston rod (30) may be hydraulic-ally or pneumatically actuated from the cylinder (28).
A motor assembly (40) is positioned in the lower centralizer housing (16). A rotatable cutter swing carriage housing (50) having a cutter swing carriage plate extension assembly (56) with a radially extendable cutter swing carriage plate (52) that supports a hydraulic cutter (54) is attached to the motor assembly 40 to allow rotation of the cutter swing carriage housing (50) about the longitudinal axis (A) of the pile cutter (10).
Motor assembly (40), as shown in
An explode view of the assembly of the cutter swing carriage housing (50), cutter swing carriage plate (52), and cutter swing carriage plate extension assembly (56) is shown in
The hydraulic cutter (54) is fitted with a nozzle (60) so a concentrated fluid cutting stream may be focused on the interior of the pile to be cut. The fluid cutting stream may be augmented with abrasives to facilitate cutting. The nozzle (60) of the cutter (54) is removable and replaceable as may be necessary. Nozzle (60) may be an abrasive water jet nozzle configured with a mixing tube for receiving a flow of abrasives in the fluid cutting stream. A garnet abrasive such as hard rock garnet abrasive will be utilized as the fluid abrasive. Other abrasives such as olivine or alluvial garnet may also be utilized depending upon the piling type and other cutting parameters
As shown in
The monitors and sensors (74) may include pressure sensors and TDR (time domain reflextometry) cable length measurement systems to determine the depth the pile cutter (10) within the pile to be cut, linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) sensors, proximity sensors, and motion sensors to determine the extended or retracted position of piston rod (30) with respect to cylinder (28) and the extension and retraction of centralizer arms (18), temperature sensors and pressure sensors to determine the water temperature and pressure where the pile cutter (10) is located, rotary variable differential transformers (RVDT), rotary speed sensors and rotation sensors to determine the rate of rotation and the position of the motor shaft (44) and the position of the associated cutter swing carriage housing (50), linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) sensors, proximity sensors, and motion sensors to determine the extension of the cutter swing carriage plate extension assembly (56) and correspondingly the cutter swing carriage plate (52), fluid flow sensors and pressure sensors to monitor the flow and fluid cutting stream from the nozzle (60) of the cutter (54), digital images and video signals from camera (62) to monitor the pile cutting, and sensor to monitor other parameters that might be necessary to precision cutting of a pile, information signals reflecting the environmental conditions and the physical parameters and position of the pile cutter (10) and its components are generated by the monitors and sensors (74) and transmitted to the control panel (72) through the information umbilicals (76).
The control system (70) also has a plurality of pumps, valves, pressure gauges, associated flow lines, cutting fluid supply hoses, wiring, electrical components, control lines, and the like, all collectively referred to as power, supply, or control, umbilicals (73), that are used to remotely monitor and control the cylinders, motors, camera, and cutter used for operation of the pile cutter (10). The information signals transmitted to the control panel (72) may be reviewed and assessed manually by corresponding digital or analog recorders, indicators, and gauges provided as part of control panel (72) or the information signals may be reviewed and assessed by a computer processor (71) associated with control panel (72). Corresponding control switches, valves, and relays provided as part of control system (70) may then generate and direct control signals delivered from the control panel (72) through the power, supply, or control umbilicals (73) to remotely control the components of the pile cutter (10). The corresponding control switches, valves, and relays may be manipulated, manually from control panel (72) to deliver control signals through power, supply, or control umbilicals (73) or control signals may be delivered by the associated computer processor (71).
In use, as shown in
Once the pile cutter (10) is placed in a desired location, control signals are generated by the control system (70) through power, supply, or control umbilicals (73) to extend the piston (30) from cylinder (28) to extend centraiizer arms (18) from the upper and lower centraiizer housings (14) and (16) to hold the pile cutter (10) in place within the pile (P). Monitors and sensors (74) will confirm the extension and placement of the centralizers (18). Control signals are then generated from the control system (70) through power, supply, or control umbilicals (73) to extend the piston rod (55) of cylinder (53) of the cutter swing carriage plate extension assembly (56) to radially extend the cutter swing carriage plate (52) and hydraulic cutter (54) from the cutter swing carriage housing (50) to a position against the interior wall of the pile (P). Monitors and sensors (74) will confirm the extension and placement of the cutter swing carriage plate (52) and the hydraulic cutter (54) and nozzle (60). When the hydraulic cutter (54) is positioned as desired, pile cutting may be commenced.
Control signals are then generated from the control system (70) through power, supply, or control umbilicals (73) so that cutting fluid is then pumped to the hydraulic cotter (54) through, the associated umbilical (73) and through, the cutter nozzle (60) of cutter (54) to create a high pressure fluid stream to provide the cutting action of the pile cutter (10). The motor assembly (40) is then engaged to rotate the cutter swing carriage housing (50) about the longitudinal axis of the pile cutter (10) as the pile (P) is being cut from the pile interior outward.
The 360° rotation of the cutter swing carriage housing (50) and the corresponding rotation of the cutter swing carriage plate (52) and hydraulic cutter (54) about the longitudinal axis of the pile cutter (0.10) is monitored by monitors and sensors (74) and information signals are generated and delivered to the control panel 172) through information umbilicals (76) to confirm the rotational position of the cutter swing carrier plate (52). Camera (62) may also be employed to generate image signals through information umbilicals (76) to the control panel (72) during the cutting process to confirm and progress and quality of the cut.
Adjustments in the rate of rotation of cutter swing carriage housing (50) and correspondingly the cutter swing carriage plate (52), the fluid cutting stream from the nozzle (60), the images from the camera (62), the position of the position of centralizer arms (IS), or other components of the pile cutter (10) may be made from control signals generated from control system (70) and delivered through umbilicals (73) to the desired component. The control signals may be generated manually from control panel (72) and by the associated computer processor (71).
Use of the pile cutter (10) in the described manner allows an operator to remotely locate the pile cutter (10) within the pile (P), the position of hydraulic cutter (54); and whether the pile (P) will be cut the desired position below the water surface and the mudline (ML). Use of the pile cutter (10) in the described manner also allows an operator to remotely control the cutter (10) to regulate the quality of the cut as the cut is being made from within, the pipe (P).
The control panel (72) and computer processor (71) may also electronically record and store the data generated during pile cutting. The stored date may then be recovered, for future use is setting parameters for controlling and using the pile cotter (10), for reporting purposes, and for regulatory compliance.
It is understand that the rotational, angular, linear, and positional measurements obtained by use of the apparatus and methods described herein will be subject to reasonable construction tolerances and practices. It is also understood that the rotational, angular, linear, and positional measurements obtained by using the apparatus and methods described will be subject to the tolerances and limitations of the measuring, monitor, transmission equipment provided by the manufacturers and suppliers of the individual equipment and other components obtained for use.
Applicant believes that a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand the apparatus and methods of use provided in the foregoing description. A person of ordinary skill in art will also understand that and it will be apparent that changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts of pile cutter (10) without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages. The form described is merely an exemplary embodiment of Applicant's invention.
This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/932,292 filed Jan. 28, 2014 entitled “Pile Cutter”, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61932292 | Jan 2014 | US |