Patent Application
20090082390
This invention relates to N-aroyl cyclic amine derivatives and their use as pharmaceuticals.
Many medically significant biological processes are mediated by proteins participating in signal transduction pathways that involve G-proteins and/or second messengers.
Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding the human 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled neuropeptide receptor, orexin-1 (HFGAN72), have been identified and are disclosed in EP-A-875565, EP-A-875566 and WO 96/34877. Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding a second human orexin receptor, orexin-2 (HFGANP), have been identified and are disclosed in EP-A-893498.
Polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding polypeptides which are ligands for the orexin-1 receptor, e.g. orexin-A (Lig72A) are disclosed in EP-A-849361.
Orexin receptors are found in the mammalian host and may be responsible for many biological functions, including pathologies including, but not limited to, depression; anxiety; addictions; obsessive compulsive disorder; affective neurosis/disorder; depressive neurosis/disorder; anxiety neurosis; dysthymic disorder; behaviour disorder; mood disorder; sexual dysfunction; psychosexual dysfunction; sex disorder; sexual disorder; schizophrenia; manic depression; delerium; dementia; severe mental retardation and dyskinesias such as Huntington's disease and Gilles de la Tourett's syndrome; disturbed biological and circadian rhythms; feeding disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, cachexia, and obesity; diabetes; appetite/taste disorders; vomiting/nausea; asthma; cancer; Parkinson's disease; Cushing's syndrome/disease; basophil adenoma; prolactinoma; hyperprolactinemia; hypopituitarism; hypophysis tumor/adenoma; hypothalamic diseases; Froehlich's syndrome; adrenohypophysis disease; hypophysis disease; hypophysis tumor/adenoma; pituitary growth hormone; adrenohypophysis hypofunction; adrenohypophysis hyperfunction; hypothalamic hypogonadism; Kallman's syndrome (anosmia, hyposmia); functional or psychogenic amenorrhea; hypopituitarism; hypothalamic hypothyroidism; hypothalamic-adrenal dysfunction; idiopathic hyperprolactinemia; hypothalamic disorders of growth hormone deficiency; idiopathic growth hormone deficiency; dwarfism; gigantism; acromegaly; and sleep disturbances associated with such diseases as neurological disorders, neuropathic pain and restless leg syndrome, heart and lung diseases; acute and congestive heart failure; hypotension; hypertension; urinary retention; osteoporosis; angina pectoris; myocardial infarction; ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke; subarachnoid haemorrhage; head injury such as sub-arachnoid haemorrhage associated with traumatic head injury; ulcers; allergies; benign prostatic hypertrophy; chronic renal failure; renal disease; impaired glucose tolerance; migraine; hyperalgesia; pain; enhanced or exaggerated sensitivity to pain, such as hyperalgesia, causalgia and allodynia; acute pain; burn pain; atypical facial pain; neuropathic pain; back pain; complex regional pain syndromes I and II; arthritic pain; sports injury pain; pain related to infection, e.g. HIV, post-polio syndrome, and post-herpetic neuralgia; phantom limb pain; labour pain; cancer pain; post-chemotherapy pain; post-stroke pain; post-operative pain; neuralgia; nausea and vomiting; conditions associated with visceral pain including irritable bowel syndrome, migraine and angina; urinary bladder incontinence e.g. urge incontinence; tolerance to narcotics or withdrawal from narcotics; sleep disorders; sleep apnea; narcolepsy; insomnia; parasomnia; jet-lag syndrome; and neurodegenerative disorders, which includes nosological entities such as disinhibition-dementia-parkinsonism-amyotrophy complex; pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration, epilepsy, and seizure disorders.
Experiments have shown that central administration of the ligand orexin-A (described in more detail below) stimulated food intake in freely-feeding rats during a 4 hour time period. This increase was approximately four-fold over control rats receiving vehicle. These data suggest that orexin-A may be an endogenous regulator of appetite. Therefore, antagonists of its receptor may be useful in the treatment of obesity and diabetes, see Cell, 1998, 92, 573-585.
There is a significant incidence of obesity in westernised societies. According to WHO definitions a mean of 35% of subjects in 39 studies were overweight and a further 22% clinically obese. It has been estimated that 5.7% of all healthcare costs in the USA are a consequence of obesity. About 85% of Type 2 diabetics are obese, and diet and exercise are of value in all diabetics. The incidence of diagnosed diabetes in westernised countries is typically 5% and there are estimated to be an equal number undiagnosed. The incidence of both diseases is rising, demonstrating the inadequacy of current treatments which may be either ineffective or have toxicity risks including cardiovascular effects. Treatment of diabetes with sulfonylureas or insulin can cause hypoglycaemia, whilst metformin causes GI side-effects. No drug treatment for Type 2 diabetes has been shown to reduce the long-term complications of the disease. Insulin sensitisers will be useful for many diabetics, however they do not have an anti-obesity effect.
Rat sleep/EEG studies have also shown that central administration of orexin-A, an agonist of the orexin receptors, causes a dose-related increase in arousal, largely at the expense of a reduction in paradoxical sleep and slow wave sleep 2, when administered at the onset of the normal sleep period. Therefore antagonists of its receptor may be useful in the treatment of sleep disorders including insomnia.
The present invention provides N-aroyl cyclic amine derivatives which are non-peptide antagonists of human orexin receptors, in particular orexin-1 receptors. In particular, these compounds are of potential use in the treatment of obesity, including obesity observed in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes patients, and/or sleep disorders. Additionally these compounds may be of use in the treatment of stroke, particularly ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and/or blocking the emetic response i.e. the compounds are useful in the treatment of nausea and vomiting.
International Patent Applications WO99/09024, WO99/58533, WO00/47577 and WO00/47580 disclose phenyl urea derivatives and WO00/47576 discloses quinolinyl cinnamide derivatives as orexin receptor antagonists.
According to the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I):
wherein:
X represents a bond, oxygen, NR3 or a group (CH2)n, wherein n represents 1, 2 or 3,
Y represents CH2, CO, CHOH, or —CH2CH(OH)—;
Het is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, substituted by R2;
Ar2 represents an optionally substituted phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein the phenyl or heteroaryl group is substituted by R1 and further optional substituents; or Ar2 represents an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic or bicyclic heteroaromatic group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
R1 represents hydrogen, an optionally substituted (C1-4)alkoxy, halo, cyano, optionally substituted (C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
R2 is an optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted mono or bicyclic heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
R3 is selected from hydrogen or (C1-4)alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A further aspect of the invention is the compound (RS)-1-dibenzofuran-4-yl-1-{2-[5-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl]-piperidin-1-yl}-methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Preferably where Ar2 represents phenyl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, the R1 group is situated adjacent to the point of attachment to the amide carbonyl.
Het may have up to 5, preferably 1, 2 or 3 optional substituents.
When Het is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it may be oxazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, furanyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl or pyridinyl. Additionally Het may be isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl and triazinyl.
Preferred examples for Het are oxazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl and pyrazolyl. Additional preferred examples are furanyl and tetrazolyl.
When Ar2 is a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it may be furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, or pyrazolyl.
Alternatively, examples of Ar2 are thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl and thienyl.
More specifically, examples of Ar2 are thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, and thienyl.
When R1 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing up to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it may be furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl or pyrazolyl. Alternatively R1 can be piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and piperazinyl. Additionally R1 can be tetrazolyl.
Preferably R1 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
Examples of where Ar2 represents an optionally substituted bicyclic aromatic or bicyclic heteroaromatic include naphthyl, quinolinyl, napththyridinyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, quinoxalinyl or quinazolinyl. Additionally Ar2 can be benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl or indazolyl. Furthermore Ar2 can be isoquinolinyl.
When R2 is a mono or bicyclic heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, it can be, for example, benzofuranyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl or furanyl.
Preferably Ar2 represents optionally substituted phenyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, benzofuranyl, naphthyl or triazolyl.
Alternatively Ar2 represents optionally substituted phenyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, benzofuranyl, naphthyl or 1,2,3-triazolyl.
X is preferably a bond, oxygen, or (CH2)n wherein n is 1 or 2.
Y is preferably CH2.
Alternatively R1 represents hydrogen, an optionally substituted(C1-4)alkoxy, halo, optionally substituted(C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S
Furthermore R1 can represent an optionally substituted(C1-4)alkoxy, halo, optionally substituted(C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group containing up to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S
Preferably R1 is selected from an optionally substituted phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidazinyl, or oxadiazolyl group.
Preferably R2 is attached to the atom in the monocyclic heteroaryl ring one removed from point of attachment of Het to the linker as shown in compound (1) of scheme 2a.
When used herein the term amide carbonyl means the —C(O)N bond wherein the N forms part of the cyclic amide ring
Even more preferably R1 represents an optionally substituted phenyl, or oxadiazolyl group.
Preferably R2 is an optionally substituted phenyl.
More preferably Het is oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thiazolyl or triazolyl, even more preferably Het is oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl or furanyl.
Optional substituents for the groups Het, Ar2, R1 and R2 include halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy, hydroxy(C1-4)alkyl, hydroxy(C1-4)alkoxy, halo(C1-4)alkyl, halo(C1-4)alkoxy, aryl(C1-4)alkoxy, (C1-4)alkylthio, hydroxy(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy(C1-4)alkyl, (C3-6)cycloalkyl(C1-4)alkoxy, (C1-4)alkanoyl, (C1-4)alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyl, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyloxy, (C1-4)alkylsulfonyl(C1-4)alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyl(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkylsulfonamido, (C1-4)alkylamido, (C1-4)alkylsulfonamido(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkylamido(C1-4)alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamido(C1-4)alkyl, arylcarboxamido(C1-4)alkyl, aroyl, aroyl(C1-4)alkyl, or aryl(C1-4)alkanoyl group; a group RaRbN—, RaOCO(CH2)r, RaCON(Ra)(CH2)r, RaRbNCO(CH2)r, RaRbNSO2(CH2)r or RaSO2NRb(CH2)r where each of Ra and Rb independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (C1-4)alkyl group or where appropriate RaRb forms part of a (C3-6)azacyloalkane or (C3-6)(2-oxo)azacycloalkane ring and r represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4. Additional substituents are (C1-4)acyl, aryl, aryl(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkylamino(C1-4)alkyl, RaRbN(CH2)n—, RaRbN(CH2)nO—, wherein n represents an interger from 1 to 4. Additionally when the substituent is RaRbN(CH2)n— or RaRbN(CH2)nO, Ra with at least one CH2 of the (CH2)n portion of the group form a (C3-6)azacycloalkane and Rb represents hydrogen, a (C1-4)alkyl group or with the nitrogen to which it is attached forms a second (C3-6)azacycloalkane fused to the first (C3-6)azacycloalkane.
Preferred optional substituents for Ar2 are halogen, cyano, (C1-4)alkyl, hydroxy(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy(C1-4)alkyl, RaRbN(CH2)n, or RaRbN. Additionally preferred optional substituents are (C1-4)alkoxy, phenyl or nitro.
Preferred optional substituents for Het are halogen, cyano, or (C1-4)alkanoyl. Further optional substituents are hydroxy(C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkyl, or CF3.
Preferred optional substituents for R1 are halogen, (C1-4)alkoxy(C1-4)alkyl, RaRbN, RaRbN(CH2)n and RaRbN(CH2)nO. Additional optional substituents are (C1-4)alkoxy, (C1-4)alkanoyl or (C1-4)alkyl.
Preferred optional substituents for R2 are cyano, (C1-4)alkyl, (C1-4)alkoxy and halogen.
In addition Het may be optionally substituted by a phenyl ring optionally substituted by a halogen, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl or C1-4alkylsulfonyl group; or by a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, such as a furanyl, pyridinyl, oxazolyl and pyrimidinyl. Additionally Het may be optionally substituted by a phenyl ring optionally substituted by (C1-4)alkoxy.
Preferred optional substituents for Ar2 include halogen, cyano, and (C1-4)alkyl.
In the groups Het and Ar2, substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a ring.
Illustrative compounds of formula (I) can be selected from:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Additional compounds of formula (I) can be selected from:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Further compounds of formula (I) can be selected from:
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
When a halogen atom is present in the compound of formula (I) it may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine.
When the compound of formula (I) contains an alkyl group, whether alone or forming part of a larger group, e.g. alkoxy or alkylthio, the alkyl group may be straight chain, branched or cyclic, or combinations thereof, it is preferably methyl or ethyl.
When used herein the term aryl means a 5- to 6-membered aromatic ring, for example phenyl, or a 7 to 12 membered bicyclic ring system where at least one of the rings is aromatic, for example naphthyl.
It will be appreciated that compounds of formula (I) may exist as R or S enantiomers. The present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including mixtures. Where additional chiral centres are present in compounds of formula (I), the present invention includes within its scope all possible diastereoismers, including mixtures thereof. The different isomeric forms may be separated or resolved one from the other by conventional methods, or any given isomer may be obtained by conventional synthetic methods or by stereospecific or asymmetric syntheses.
It will be understood that the invention includes pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of compounds of formula (I) and that these are included within the scope of the invention.
Particular compounds according to the invention include those mentioned in the examples and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives.
As used herein “pharmaceutically acceptable derivative” includes any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or salt of such ester of a compound of formula (I) which, upon administration to the recipient is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula (I) or an active metabolite or residue thereof.
It will be appreciated that for use in medicine the salts of the compounds of formula (I) should be pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Other salts e.g. oxalates, may be used, for example in the isolation of compounds of formula (I) and are included within the scope of this invention. Also included within the scope of the invention are solvates and hydrates of compounds of formula (I).
Certain of the compounds of formula (I) may form acid addition salts with one or more equivalents of the acid. The present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
Since the compounds of formula (I) are intended for use in pharmaceutical compositions it will readily be understood that they are each preferably provided in substantially pure form, for example at least 60% pure, more suitably at least 75% pure and preferably at least 85%, especially at least 98% pure (% are on a weight for weight basis). Impure preparations of the compounds may be used for preparing the more pure forms used in the pharmaceutical compositions.
According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and salts thereof. The following schemes detail some synthetic routes to compounds of the invention
wherein X, Het and Ar2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I), P is a protecting group and M is a metal, for example, lithium.
Examples of suitable leaving groups L1 include halogen, OC(═O)alkyl and OC(═O)O-alkyl. The transformation (II) to (I) may be carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine. Alternatively this step may be carried out when L1 represents hydroxy, in which case reaction with (II) takes place in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane in the presence of a diimide coupling reagent such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, and an activator such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole.
Examples of protecting groups P include t-butyloxycarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl and benzyloxycarbonyl. Deprotection conditions are respectively, acid (e.g. trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane), base (e.g. sodium hydroxide in a solvent such as aqueous methanol) and catalytic hydrogenolysis in an inert solvent (e.g using palladium on charcoal in a lower alcohol or ethyl acetate).
Compounds of formula (V) are known in the literature or can be prepared by known methods.
Compounds of formula (I) when Het is a 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole can be prepared by the process described in scheme 2a, or 2b, where X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds of formula (I) when Het is substituted 3-(1,2,4-oxadiazole) can be prepared by the process described in scheme 3 where X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds of formula (I) when Het is a 2-(4-aryloxazole) can be prepared by the process described in Scheme 4 where X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds of formula (I) when Het is a 2-(5-aryloxazole) can be prepared by the process described in Scheme 5 where X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds of formula (I) where Het is a 2-(4-substituted imidazole) can be prepared by the process described in scheme 6 where X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
wherein Ar2 X, R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds of formula (I) wherein the Het group is linked to the cyclic ring through a nitrogen in the Het group, can be prepared by the process defined in scheme 7 wherein X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds wherein the Het group is substituted can be prepared by the process defined in scheme 8 wherein Ar2, X and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds of formula (I) where Het is a 2-(4-arylthiazole) can be prepared by the process described in Scheme 9 where X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
Compounds of formula (I) where Het is a 3-(5-aryltriazole) can be prepared by the process described in Scheme 10 where X, Ar2 and R2 are as defined for compounds of formula (I).
All starting materials used in the above schemes are commercially available or prepared by known literature methods.
The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, e.g. 5 to 1000, preferably 10 to 100 compounds of formula (I). Compound libraries may be prepared by a combinatorial ‘split and mix’ approach or by multiple parallel synthesis using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be prepared conventionally by reaction with the appropriate acid or acid derivative.
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human orexin receptor is required such as obesity and diabetes; prolactinoma; hypoprolactinemia; hypothalamic disorders of growth hormone deficiency; idiopathic growth hormone deficiency; Cushings syndrome/disease; hypothalamic-adrenal dysfunction; dwarfism; sleep disorders; sleep apnea; narcolepsy; insomnia; parasomnia; jet-lag syndrome; sleep disturbances associated with diseases such as neurological disorders, neuropathic pain and restless leg syndrome; heart and lung diseases; depression; anxiety; addictions; obsessive compulsive disorder; affective neurosis/disorder; depressive neurosis/disorder; anxiety neurosis; dysthymic disorder; behaviour disorder; mood disorder; sexual dysfunction; psychosexual dysfunction; sex disorder; sexual disorder; schizophrenia; manic depression; delerium; dementia; bulimia and hypopituitarism. The compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof are also useful in the treatment of stroke, particularly ischemic and haemorrhagic. Furthermore the compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof are useful in blocking the emetic response i.e. nausea and vomiting.
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are particularly useful for the treatment of obesity, including obesity associated with Type 2 diabetes, and sleep disorders. Additionally the compounds are useful in the treatment of stroke and blocking the emetic response, i.e. nausea and vomiting.
Other diseases or disorders which may be treated in accordance with the invention include disturbed biological and circadian rhythms; adrenohypophysis disease; hypophysis disease; hypophysis tumor I adenoma; adrenohypophysis hypofunction; functional or psychogenic amenorrhea; adrenohypophysis hyperfunction; migraine; hyperalgesia; pain; enhanced or exaggerated sensitivity to pain such as hyperalgesia, causalgia and allodynia; acute pain; burn pain; atypical facial pain; neuropathic pain; back pain; complex regional pain syndromes I and II; arthritic pain; sports injury pain; pain related to infection e.g. HIV, post-polio syndrome and post-herpetic neuralgia; phantom limb pain; labour pain; cancer pain; post-chemotherapy pain; post-stroke pain; post-operative pain; neuralgia; and tolerance to narcotics or withdrawal from narcotics.
The invention also provides a method of treating or preventing diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human orexin receptor is required, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
The invention also provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human orexin receptor is required.
The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders where an antagonist of a human orexin receptor is required.
For use in therapy the compounds of the invention are usually administered as a pharmaceutical composition. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives may be administered by any convenient method, e.g. by oral, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal or transdermal administration, and the pharmaceutical compositions adapted accordingly.
The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives which are active when given orally can be formulated as liquids or solids, e.g. as syrups, suspensions, emulsions, tablets, capsules or lozenges.
A liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier(s) e.g. an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil. The formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent.
A composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations, such as magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose.
A composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures, e.g. pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), e.g. aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of the active ingredient in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil. Alternatively, the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration.
Compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders. Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active ingredient in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous or non-aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device. Alternatively the sealed container may be a disposable dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve. Where the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas e.g. air, or an organic propellant such as a fluorochlorohydrocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon. Aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of pump-atomisers.
Compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles where the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin.
Compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
Compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches.
Preferably the composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule.
The dose of the compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, used in the treatment or prophylaxis of the abovementioned disorders or diseases will vary in the usual way with the particular disorder or disease being treated, the weight of the subject and other similar factors. However, as a general rule, suitable unit doses may be 0.05 to 1000 mg, more suitably 0.05 to 500 mg. Unit doses may be administered more than once a day for example two or three times a day, so that the total daily dosage is in the range of about 0.01 to 100 mg/kg; and such therapy may extend for a number of weeks or months. In the case of pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives the above figures are calculated as the parent compound of formula (I).
No toxicological effects are indicated/expected when a compound of formula (I) is administered in the above mentioned dosage range.
Human orexin-A has the amino acid sequence:
Orexin-A can be employed in screening procedures for compounds which inhibit the ligand's activation of the orexin-1 receptor.
In general, such screening procedures involve providing appropriate cells which express the orexin-1 receptor on their surface. Such cells include cells from mammals, yeast, Drosophila or E. coli. In particular, a polynucleotide encoding the orexin-1 receptor is used to transfect cells to express the receptor. The expressed receptor is then contacted with a test compound and an orexin-1 receptor ligand to observe inhibition of a functional response. One such screening procedure involves the use of melanophores which are transfected to express the orexin-1 receptor, as described in WO 92/01810.
Another screening procedure involves introducing RNA encoding the orexin-1 receptor into Xenopus oocytes to transiently express the receptor. The receptor oocytes are then contacted with a receptor ligand and a test compound, followed by detection of inhibition of a signal in the case of screening for compounds which are thought to inhibit activation of the receptor by the ligand.
Another method involves screening for compounds which inhibit activation of the receptor by determining inhibition of binding of a labelled orexin-1 receptor ligand to cells which have the receptor on their surface. This method involves transfecting a eukaryotic cell with DNA encoding the orexin-1 receptor such that the cell expresses the receptor on its surface and contacting the cell or cell membrane preparation with a compound in the presence of a labelled form of an orexin-1 receptor ligand. The ligand may contain a radioactive label. The amount of labelled ligand bound to the receptors is measured, e.g. by measuring radioactivity.
Yet another screening technique involves the use of FLIPR equipment for high throughput screening of test compounds that inhibit mobilisation of intracellular calcium ions, or other ions, by affecting the interaction of an orexin-1 receptor ligand with the orexin-1 receptor.
All publications, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as though fully set forth.
The following Examples illustrate the preparation of pharmacologically active compounds of the invention. The Descriptions D1-D57 illustrate the preparation of intermediates to compounds of the invention.
In the Examples 1H NMR's were measured at 250 MHz in CDCl3 unless otherwise stated.
The following abbreviations are used herein;
PyBop means benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate THF means tetrahyrdofuran
EDC.HCL means 1-(3-dimethylaminopropryl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.
DMF means N,N-dimethylformamide
HATU means O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
The following Examples illustrate the preparation of pharmacologically active compounds of the invention. The Descriptions D1-D123 illustrate the preparation of intermediates to compounds of the invention.
A mixture of 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.22 g), (Peschke, Bernd, Ankersen, Michael; Hansen, Birgit Sehested; Hansen, Thomas Kruse; Johansen, Nils Langeland, Lau, Jesper; Madsen, Kjeld, Petersen, Hans; Thogersen, Henning; Watson, Brett. Eur. J. Med. Chem. (1999), 34(5), 363-380), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.05 g) and 5-phenyltetrazole (0.73 g) in toluene (25 ml) was heated at 100° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with diethyl ether and solvent decanted from the precipitated gum. The gum was column chromatographed (silica gel, 0-50% ethyl acetate in pentane eluant) to give the title compound (1.1 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 344 (MH+). C19H25N3O3 requires 343.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.31 (9H, s), 1.43-1.69 (6H, m), 2.95 (1H, t), 3.09 (1H, dd), 3.30 (1H, dd), 4.11 (1H, br. s), 4.79 (1H, br. s.), 7.51 (3H, m) and 8.05 (2H, m).
A solution of (RS)-2-(5-phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (0.175 g) in dichloromethane (4 ml) was cooled (ice bath) and treated with trifluoroacetic acid (1 ml). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, added to saturated potassium carbonate and the product extracted into dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.115 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 244 (MH+). C14H16F3N3O requires 243.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.18-1.85 (6H, m), 2.68 (1H, m), 2.97 (2H, m), 3.10 (2H, m), 7.55 (3H, m) and 8.05 (2H, m).
The title compound ((1.28 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.48 g), 5-(3-fluorophenyl)tetrazole (1.0 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.25 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 362 (MH+). C19H24FN3O3 requires 361.
The title compound (0.81 g) was prepared from the compound of description 3 (1.27 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 262 (MH+). C14H16FN3O3 requires 261.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.38-1.84 (6H, m), 2.71 (1H, m), 3.02 (2H, m), 3.14 (2H, m), 7.22 (1H, dd), 7.48 (1H, m), 7.73 (1H, dd) and 7.83 (1H, dd).
The title compound (1.21 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.35 g), 5-(3-chlorophenyl)tetrazole (1.0 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.15 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 378 (MH+). C19H24ClN3O3 requires 377.
The title compound (0.89 g) was prepared from the compound of description 5 (1.21 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 278 (MH+). C14H16ClN3O requires 277.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.43-1.90 (6H, m), 2.79 (1H, m), 3.05-3.18 (2H, m), 3.27 (2H, m), 7.40-7.52 (2H, m), 7.91 (1H, dd) and 8.00 (1H, d).
The title compound (1.39 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.65 g), 5-(pyridin-2-yl)tetrazole (1.0 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.43 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 345 (MH+). C18H24N4O3 requires 344.
The title compound (0.89 g) was prepared from the compound of description 7 (1.39 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 245 (MH+). C13H16N4O requires 244.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.49-1.90 (6H, m), 2.72-2.82 (2H, m), 3.07-3.29 (4H, m), 7.44-7.49 (1H, m), 7.85-7.92 (1H, m), 8.22 (1H, dd) and 8.76 (1H, dd).
The title compound (1.34 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.22 g), 5-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrazole (0.82 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.05 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 362 (MH+). C19H24FN3O3 requires 361.
The title compound (0.73 g) was prepared from the compound of description 9 (1.2 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 262 (MH+). C14H16FN3O3 requires 261.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.25-1.84 (6H, m), 2.68 (1H, m), 2.96 (2H, m), 3.07 (2H, m), 7.12-7.27 (3H, m) and 8.04 (2H, m).
The title compound (1.65 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.26 g), 5-(4-chlorophenyl)tetrazole (1.08 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.15 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 378, 380 (MH+). C19H24ClN3O3 requires 377, 379.
The title compound (0.89 g) was prepared from the compound of description 11 (1.21 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 278, 280 (MH+). C14H16ClN3O requires 277, 279.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.43-1.90 (6H, m), 2.79 (1H, m), 3.05-3.18 (2H, m), 3.27 (2H, m), 7.40-7.52 (2H, m), 7.91 (1H, dd) and 8.00 (1H, d).
The title compound (1.65 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.35 g), 5-(2-chlorophenyl)tetrazole (1.0 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.16 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 378, 380 (MH+). C19H24ClN3O3 requires 377, 379.
The title compound (1.10 g) was prepared from the compound of description 13 (1.48 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 278, 280 (MH+). C14H16ClN3O requires 277, 279.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.11-1.85 (6H, m), 2.69 (1H, m), 3.00 (2H, m), 3.10 (2H, m), 7.38 (1H, t), 7.46 (1H, t), 7.54 (1H, dd) and 7.97 (1H, dd).
The title compound (0.70 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.13 g), 5-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)tetrazole (1.0 g) and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.98 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 412, 414 (MH+). C19H23Cl2N3O3 requires 411, 413.
The title compound (0.47 g) was prepared from the compound of description 15 (0.62 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 312, 314 (MH+). C14H15Cl2N3O requires 311, 313.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.26-1.82 (6H, m), 2.69 (1H, m), 3.01 (2H, m), 3.10 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, t), 7.66 (1H, dd) and 7.86 (1H, dd).
2-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (8.14 g) in ethanol (150 ml) was treated with hydrazine hydrate (19 ml) and the mixture boiled for 16 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue azeotroped with toluene to give the title compound (8.34 g)
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.47 (9H, s), 1.62 (6H, m), 2.34-2.42 (2H, m), 2.59-2.85 (3H, m), 3.85 (1H, br. s.), 3.97 (1H, br. s.) and 4.62 (1H, br. s).
To a solution of the compound of description 17 (1.0 g) in pyridine (10 ml), 2-fluorobenzoyl chloride (0.62 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h, diluted with water and the milky solution extracted with ethyl acetate (×2). The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with pentane to give after drying under reduced pressure at 35° C., the title compound (1.4 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 380 (MH+). C19H26FN3O4 requires 379.
The benzoyl hydrazide of description 18 (0.2 g) was added to polyphosphoric acid (2 g) at 45° C., the reaction temperature was increased to 150° C. and heating continued for 2 h. The reaction mixture was poured onto potassium carbonate in crushed iced and the mixture extracted with dichloromethane (×3). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.08 g) as a yellow oil.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 262 (MH+). C14H16FN3O3 requires 261.
A mixture of benzofuran-4-carboxylic acid (0.90 g), diisopropylethylamine (3.2 ml) and [O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate] (2.09 g) in dimethylformamide (20 ml) was stirred for 15 min and then treated with the benzoyl hydrazide of description 17 (1.43 g). The mixture was stirred for 16 h, diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether. The ether extract was washed with water (×3), dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in a mixture of diethyl ether/dichloromethane (30 ml, 2:1) to give the title compound (1.29 g) as a colourless solid.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 402 (MH+). C21H27N3O5 requires 401
The title compound (0.1 g) was prepared from the compound of description 20 (0.2 g) according to the method of description 19. The obtained compound was used without further purification.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 284 (MH+). C16H17N3O2 requires 283
The title compound (1.15 g) was prepared from the compound of description 17 (1.0 g) and 2,3-difluorobenzoyl chloride (0.49 ml) according to the method of description 18.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 398 (MH+). C19H25F2N3O4 requires 397
The title compound (0.70 g) was prepared from the compound of description 22 (1.1 g) according to the method of description 19. The compound was used without further purification.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 280 (MH+). C14H15F2N3O requires 279.
The title compound (1.50 g) was prepared from the compound of description 17 (1.0 g) and 2,5-difluorobenzoyl chloride (0.49 ml) according to the method of description 18.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 398 (MH+). C19H25F2N3O4 requires 397
The title compound (0.83 g) was prepared from the compound of description 24 (1.5 g) according to the method of description 19.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 280 (MH+). C14H15F2N3O requires 279.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.28-1.82 (6H, m), 2.63-2.74 (1H, m), 2.97-3.11 (4H, m), 7.20-7.31 (3H, m).
The title compound (0.79 g) was prepared from the compound of description 17 (1.0 g) and 3,5-difluorobenzoic acid (0.62) according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 398 (MH+). C19H25F2N3O4 requires 397
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.45 (9H, s), 1.66 (6H, s), 2.52-2.87 (3H, m), 3.98 (1H, d), 4.72 (1H, m), 6.96 (1H, m) and 7.34 (2H, m).
The title compound (0.44 g) was prepared from the compound of description 26 (0.79 g) according to the method of description 19. The compound was used without further purification.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 280 (MH+). C14H15F2N3O requires 279.
The title compound (1.18 g) was prepared from the compound of description 17 (1.50 g) and 6-methylpicolinic acid (0.79 g) according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 377 (MH+). C19H28N4O4 requires 376
The title compound (0.60 g) was prepared from the compound of description 28 (1.17 g) according to the method of description 19. The compound was used without further purification.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 259 (MH+). C14H18N4O requires 258.
2-Carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.0 g) was added to [O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate] (3.13 g) in dimethylformamide (10 ml) containing diisopropylethylamine (3.2 g) and the mixture stirred for 15 min. 2-Furoic acid hydrazide (1.04 g) was then added and stirring continued for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with diethyl ether. The combined ether extracts were washed with water, dried and solvent removed at reduced pressure. the residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 20-50% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give the title compound (2.05 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 352 (MH+). C17H25N3O5 requires 351.
The title compound (0.40 g) was prepared from the compound of description 30 (1.0 g) according to the method of description 19. The compound was used without further purification.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 234 (MH+). C12H15N3O2 requires 233.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.09-1.71 (6H, m), 2.42-2.56 (3H, m), 2.89 (2H, m), 6.79 (1H, m), 7.30 (1H, m) and 8.03 (1H, m)
The title compound was prepared from (S)-2-carboxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.50) and 5-phenyltetrazole (1.59 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 330 (MH+). C18H23N3O3 requires 329.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.49 (9H, s), 1.81-1.88 (2H, m), 2.17-2.25 (2H, m), 2.40 and 3.09 (1H, m), 3.35-3.73 (3H, m), 4.28, 5.12 (1H, m), 7.50 (3H, m) and 8.03 (2H, m).
The title compound (1.85 g) was prepared from the compound of description 32 (2.45 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 230 (MH+). C13H15N3O requires 229.
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) 1.58-1.69 (2H, m), 1.76-1.97 (2H, m), 2.04-2.36 (1H, m), 2.99-3.23 (4H, m), 3.69-3.80 (1H, m), 7.45-7.57 (3H, m) and 8.01-8.05 (2H, m).
The title compound (2.1 g) was prepared from piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester (3.4 g) and 2-methyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (2.20 g) according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 377 (MH+). C19H21FN2O3S requires 376.
The compound of description 34 (3.4 g) in methanol (75 ml) was treated with water (25 ml) containing sodium hydroxide (0.74 g). The mixture was stirred for 16 h, solvent removed at reduced pressure, the residue dissolved in water and washed with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was acidified with 5N hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with pentane and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (2.95 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 363 (MH+). C18H19FN2O3S requires 362
The acid of description 35 (0.4 g) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (10 ml) containing potassium carbonate (0.179 g) and 2-bromo-4′-fluoroacetophenone (0.24 g) and the mixture stirred for 16 h. Water (20 ml) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water, dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.51 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 499 (MH+). C26H24F2N2O4S requires 498
1H NMR δ: (CDCl3) (doubling of signals due to restricted rotation) 1.41-1.88 (6H, m), 2.49-2.92, 3.37 (4H, m), 2,68, 2.69 (3H, s), 4.15, 4.67 (1H, m), 5.13-5.31 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, m), 7.17 (2H, m), 7.44-7.54 (2H, m) and 7.88-7.98 (2H, m).
The title compound (0.51 g) was prepared from the acid of description 35 (0.40 g) and 2-bromo-4′-methoxyacetophenone (0.25 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 511 (MH+). C27H27FN2O5S requires 510.
The title compound (0.32 g) was prepared from the acid of description 35 (0.40 g) and 2-bromo-3′-fluoroacetophenone (0.24 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 499 (MH+). C26H24F2N2O4S requires 498
The title compound (0.32 g) was prepared from the acid of description 35 (0.40 g) and 2-bromo-2′-fluoroacetophenone (0.24 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 499 (MH+). C26H24F2N2O4S requires 498
The title compound (0.452 g) was prepared from the acid of description 35 (0.40 g) and 2-bromopropiophenone (0.234 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 495 (MH+). C27H27FN2O4S requires 494
To (RS)-1-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-piperidine carboxylic acid (5.32 g, 23.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml) was added sequentially N,O-dimethyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.68 g, 27.5 mmol), triethylamine (12 ml, 86.0 mmol) and py-BOP (13.2 g, 25.4 mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 6 h, then diluted with dichloromethane (350 ml) and poured into 1M HCl (50 ml).
The organic phase was separated and washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (3×50 ml) and brine (50 ml) and then evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in hexane to give the title compound as a colourless oil (3.09 g, 49%).
Mass spectrum (API+): 273 (MH+). C13H24N2O4 requires 272.
To a stirred solution of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-furan (1.8 g, 11.1 mmol) in THF (100 ml) at −35° C. was added n-butyl lithium (2.5M in THF) (4.54 ml, 11.4 mmol) over 3 min. The resultant mixture was stirred for 10 min. at −35° C. and then (RS)-1-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-(N-methoxy-N-methylcarbamoyl)piperidine (3.09 g, 11.4 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was added over 1 min. The resultant solution was stirred for 15 min. at −35° C. and then poured into saturated ammonium chloride (120 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 ml). The combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (50 ml) and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10% ethyl acetate in hexane to give the title compound as a golden oil (3.59 g, 85%).
Mass spectrum (API+): 374 (MH+). C21H24NO4F requires 373.
To a solution of (RS)-1-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-2-((5-(4-fluorophenyl)-furan-2-yl)carbonyl)piperidine (2.0 g, 5.36 mmol) in diethylene glycol (20 g), was added hydrazine hydrate (0.31 ml, 5.36 mmol) and the resultant mixture heated at 100° C. for 30 min. After cooling to room temperature, potassium hydroxide (1.0 g, 17.8 mmol) was added and the mixture heated at 200° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then poured into water (100 ml) and extracted with diethyl ether (3×75 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a brown oil (0.88 g, 63%).
Mass spectrum (API+): 260 (MH+). C16H18FNO requires 259.
2-Carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.86 g) and sodium carbonate (0.62 g) were dissolved in water (30 ml) using gentle warming. A solution of 2-bromoacetophenone (2.33 g) in ethanol (60 ml) was then added and the mixture boiled for 2 h. the mixture was cooled to room temperature and stood for 16 h. The mixture was again boiled for 2 h. solvent removed at reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 1:1 ethyl acetate:pentane) to give the title compound (3.14 g).
Mass spectrum (API+): 362 (MH+). C19H27NO5 requires 361.
The title compound (0.68 g) was prepared from the compound of description 44 (0.80 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass spectrum (API+): 262 (MH+). C14H18NO5 requires 261.
The compounds of descriptions 46-49 were prepared from the compound of description 45 (1 mole) and the corresponding carboxylic acid (1 mole) according to the method of description 1.
The title compound (0.89 g) was prepared from the acid of description 35 (0.72 g) and 2-bromoacetophenone (0.39 g) by boiling in water/ethanol (15 ml, 1:2) containing sodium carbonate (0.10 g) for 4 h, cooling removing solvent at reduced pressure and partitioning the residue between dichloromethane and water. The organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 481 (MH+). C26H25FN2O4S requires 480
Morpholin-3-ylacetic acid ethyl ester Chem Pharm Bull 94, 31(1), 1983 (2.10 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml) and treated with triethylamine (1.33 g). The mixture was cooled (ice bath) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl chloride (1.53 g) in dichloromethane (10 ml) added. The mixture was stirred for 16 h, diluted with water and the organic phase separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (2×100 ml), the organic phases combined, dried (Na2SO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. the residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 40% ethyl acetate:pentane ˜60% ethyl acetate pentane eluant) to give the title compound (1.46 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 393 (MH+). C19H21FN2O4S requires 392.
The title compound (1.33 g) was prepared from the compound of description 51 (1.46), according to the method of description 35.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 363 [(M-H)−]. C17H17FN2O4S requires 364.
The title compound (0.57 g) was prepared from the compound of description 52 (0.6 g) and 2-bromoacetophenone (0.33 g) according to the method of description 50.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 483 (MH+). C25H23FN2O5S requires 482.
The title compound (0.77 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (0.80 g) and 2-amino-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanone (0.63 g) according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 379 (MH+). C21H27FN2O4 requires 378.
The amide of description 54 (0.77 g) and polyphosphoric acid (10 h) were combined and heated together at 150° C. for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was poured onto ice/water and basified to pH 10 with potassium carbonate. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane, the combined extracts dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.49 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 261 (MH+). C15H17FN2O requires 260.
The title compound (0.63 g) was prepared from 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (0.50 g) and 2-amino-1-phenylethanone (0.35 g) according to the method of description 54.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 273 (MH+—C5H9O2). C21H28N2O4 requires 372.
The title compound (0.28 g) was prepared from the amide of description 56 (0.40 g) according to the method of description 55.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 243 (MH+). C15H18N2O requires 242.
The title compound (3.2 g) was prepared from (S)-2-carboxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.02 g) and 2-bromo-4′-fluoroacetophenone (1.91 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 266 (MH+—C5H9O2). C19H24FNO5 requires 365.
The compound of description 58 (2.2 g) was combined with ammonium acetate (8 g) and warmed to 140° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, poured onto saturated potassium carbonate and extracted with dichloromethane (×2). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 20% ethyl acetate/pentane→ethyl acetate), the appropriate fractions were combined and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.81 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 346 (MH+). C19H24FN3O2 requires 345.
The compound of description 59 (0.80 g) was dissolved in methanol (20 ml) and treated with 4M HCl in dioxane (6 ml). The mixture was stirred for 6 h and then solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.57 g) as a foam.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 346 (MH+). C14H15FN3 requires 345.
The title compound (3.83 g) was prepared from (RS)-2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.54 g) and 2-bromo-4′-fluoroacetophenone (2.26 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 308 (MH+—C5H9O2). C20H26FNO5 requires 307.
The title compound (0.80 g) was prepared from the compound of description 61 (1.40 g) according to the method of example 59.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 360 (MH+). C20H26FN3O2 requires 359.
The title compound (0.65 g) was prepared from the compound of description 62 (0.70 g) according to the method of description 60.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 346 (MH+). C15H17FN3 requires 345.
The title compound (0.51 g) was prepared from the acid of description 35 (0.60 g) and 2-bromo-2′-bromoacetophenone (0.51 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 559, 561 (MH+). C26H24BrF2N2O4S requires 558, 560
The title compound (3.70 g) was prepared from (RS)-2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.50 g) according to the method of example 36
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 380 (MH+). C20H26FNO5 requires 379
The title compound (1.71 g) was prepared from the compound of description 65 (3.70 g) according to the method of description 59.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 366 (MH+). C20H26FN3O2 requires 365
The compound of description 66 (0.62 g) was dissolved in DMF (2 ml) containing potassium bicarbonate (0.29 g) and the mixture cooled (ice/salt bath). Bromine (0.15 ml) was added, the mixture stirred for 15 min, poured onto crushed ice and 20% ammonia added to destroy excess bromine. The mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (×3), the combined organic phase washed with water (×3, dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give after chromatography (silica gel, 0→20% ethyl acetate/pentane eluant), the title compound as a gum (0.25 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 438, 440 (MH+). C20H25BrFN3O2 requires 437, 439
The title compound (0.27 g) was prepared from the compound of description 67 (0.25 g) according to the procedure of description 60.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 338, 340 (MH+). C15H17BrFN3 requires 337, 339
The title compound (0.74 g) was prepared from piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester (0.36 g) and (1-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]carboxylic acid (0.5 g) according to the method of descriptions 34, 35 and 36.
The title compound (0.51 g) was prepared from piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester (0.38 g) and {1-[4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]carboxylic acid (0.5 g) according to the method of descriptions 34, 35 and 36.
The title compound (0.48 g) was prepared from piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester (0.38 g) and quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (0.5 g) according to the method of descriptions 34, 35 and 36.
The title compound (7.07 g) was prepared from (RS)-2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (5.0 g) and 2-bromoacetophenone (4.18 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 262 (MH+—C5H9O2). C20H27NO5 requires 361.
The title compound (3.78 g) was prepared from the compound of description 72 (7.07 g) according to the method of example 59.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 242 (MH+—C5H9O2) C20H27N3O2 requires 341.
The title compound (0.65 g) was prepared from the compound of description 73 (0.70 g) according to the method of description 60. The hydrochloride salt generated during the reaction was neutralised by dissolving the product in water, neutralising with solid potassium carbonate, extracting with dichloromethane, drying the organic phase (Na2SO4) and removing the solvent at reduced pressure.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 242 (MH+). C15H18N3 requires 241.
The title compound (4.0 g) was prepared from 2-bromoacetophenone (2.20 g) and 2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester according to the method of description 36
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 396 (MH+). C23H25NO5 requires 395.
The title compound (0.95 g) was prepared from the compound of description 75 (3.0 g) according to the method of Example 54.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 377 (MH+). C23H24N2O3 requires 376.
The compound of description 76 (0.097 g) and 10% palladium/charcoal (0.05 g) in ethanol (5 ml) containing cyclohexene (0.5 ml) was heated at 75° C. for 1.5 h, cooled, filtered (kieselguhr) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.06 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 243 (MH+). C15H18N2O requires 242.
The ester of description 34 (1.06 g) in ethanol (25 ml) was treated with hydrazine hydrate (5 ml) and the mixture boiled for 24 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel; 0→10% methanol/dichloromethane). The appropriate fractions were combined and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.62 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 377 (MH+). C18H21N4O2S requires 376.
The title compound (2.98 g) was prepared from 2-methoxycarbonylmethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (3.08 g) according to the method of description 78.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 258 (MH+). C12H23N3O3 requires 257.
The title compound (0.32 g) was prepared from the compound of description 79 (1.49 g) according to the method of example 105.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 361 (MH+). C19H25FN4O2 requires 360.
The title compound (0.31 g) was prepared from the compound of description 80 (0.32 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 261 (MH+). C14H17FN4 requires 260.
The title compound (3.06 g) was prepared from (RS)-2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.0 g) and 2-bromo-3′-methoxyacetophenone (1.88 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 292 (MH+—C5H8O2). C21H29NO6 requires 391.
The title compound (3.78 g) was prepared from the compound of description 82 (3.0 g) according to the method of description 59.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 272 (MH+—C5H9O2) C21H29N3O3 requires 371.
The title compound (1.06 g) was prepared from the compound of description 83 (1.33 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 242 (MH+). C15H18N3 requires 241.
The title compound (2.65 g) was prepared from (RS)-2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.0 g) and 2-bromo-3′chloroacetophenone (1.92 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 396, 398 (MH+). C20H26NO5Cl requires 395, 397.
The title compound (1.61 g) was prepared from the compound of description 85 (2.65 g) according to the method of description 59.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 375, 377 (MH+) C20H25ClN3O2 requires 374, 376.
The title compound (0.85 g) was prepared from the compound of description 86 (1.05 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 275, 277 (MH+). C15H17ClN3 requires 274, 276.
The title compound (1.51 g) was prepared from (RS)-2-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (1.15 g) and 2-bromo-3′-cyanoacetophenone (1.06 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 387 (MH+). C21H26N2O5 requires 386.
The title compound (1.25 g) was prepared from the compound of description 88 (1.50 g) according to the method of description 59.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 366 (MH+) C21H25N4O2 requires 365.
The title compound (0.85 g) was prepared from the compound of description 89 (1.25 g) according to the method of description 2.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 266 (MH+). C16H17N4 requires 265.
N-Benzyl-2-bromomethylpiperidine (2.1 g), 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2H-tetrazole (1.28 g) and potassium carbonate (6 g) were combined in xylene (100 ml) containing diisopropylethylamine (7 ml) and boiled for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, solvent removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel; diethyl ether/petroleum ether 40:60 eluant) to give after combining appropriate fractions and removing solvent at reduced pressure the title compound 10.44 g.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 340 (MH+). C19H22N5F requires 339.
The compound of description 91 (1.4 g) was dissolved in ethanol (100 ml), palladium hydroxide (0.40 g) added and the mixture hydrogenated at 50 psi and 50° C. for 3 h. The mixture was filtered through kieselguhr and solvent removed at reduced pressure and the residue triturated with diethyl ether/petroleum ether to give the title compound as a solid.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 250 (MH+). C12H16N5F requires 249.
4-Phenylimidazole (1.3 g) was treated with sodium hydride (0.6 g 50% in oil) in dry tetrahydrofuran (80 ml). When gas evolution had ceased, 2-bromomethyl-N-benzylpiperidine (2.5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred for 16 h, solvent removed at reduced pressure and treated with ice/water (1:1, 100 ml). The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2×), the combined organic phase washed with water, solvent removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel, 0.5→9.5% dichloromethane/methanol). Appropriate fractions were combined to give the title compound 0.72 g.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 332 (MH+). C22H25N3 requires 331.
The title compound (0.50 g) was prepared from the compound of description 93 (0.70 g) according to the method of description 92.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 241 (MH+). C15H19N3 requires 241.
The title compound (0.8 g) was prepared from 2-bromomethyl-N-benzylpiperidine (2.68 g) and 3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-pyrazole (1.62 g) according to the method of example 93.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 350 (MH+). C22H24FN3 requires 349.
The title compound (0.5 g) was prepared form the compound of description 95 (0.8 g) according to the method of description 94.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 260 (MH+). C15H18FN3 requires 259.
The title compound (0.92 g) was prepared from 2-(RS)-carboxymethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert butyl ester (2.0 g) and ammonium chloride (0.86 g) according to the method of Example 97.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 143 (MH+—C5H8O2). C12H22N2O3 requires 242.
The compound of description 97 (0.90 g) and Lawesson's reagent (0.90 g) were combined in dry toluene (30 ml) and heated at 100° C. (oil bath temperature) for 6 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel; dichloromethane eluant) to give after combining appropriate fractions the title compound (0.82 g) after trituration with petroleum ether/diethyl ether.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 159 (MH+—C5H8O2). C12H22N2O2S requires 258.
The compound of description 98 (0.67 g) and 2-bromoacetophenone (0.52 g) were combined in ethanol (20 ml), stirred at room temperature for 8 h and then boiled for 48 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel; ethyl acetate/n-pentane→1% ammonia/methanol/dichloromethane) to give the title compound (0.21 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 259 (MH+). C15H18N2S requires 258.
The title compound (0.24 g) was prepared from (1-{1-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl]-methanoyl}-piperidin-2-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester (0.25 g) according to the method of description 17.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 377 (MH+). C18H21N4O2FS requires 376.
The title compound (0.36 g) was prepared from the compound of description 100 (0.23 g) and 1,3-dimethylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 497 (MH+). C24H27N6O3FS requires 498.
The title compound (0.54 g) was prepared from the compound of description 35 (0.40 g) and desyl bromide (0.30 g) according to the method of example 36
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 557 (MH+). C32H29FN2O4S requires 556.
The title compound (2.4 g) was prepared from the compound of description 17 and benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 402 (MH+). C21H27N3O5 requires 401.
The title compound (0.77 g) was prepared from the compound of description 103 according to the method of description 19.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 284 (MH+). C16H17N3O2 requires 283.
The compound of description 34 (0.87 g) and formamide (0.3 ml) were combined in tetrahydrofuran and boiled while adding 3 portions of sodium methoxide (0.12 ml each addition, 20% in methanol) over 20 min. After the final addition the reaction was heated for a further 6 h at reflux. The reaction was cooled to room temperature diluted with dichloromethane and water and the aqueous phase separated. The organic phase was washed with water dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (1.40 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 362 (MH+). C18H20FN3O2S requires 361.
The title compound (0.435 g) was prepared from the compound of description 35 (0.40 g) and 2-bromo-3′,4′-difluoroacetophenone (0.26 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 517 (MH+). C24H23F3N2O4S requires 516.
The title compound (0.430 g) was prepared from the compound of description 35 (0.40 g) and 2-bromo-3′-fluoroacetophenone (0.240 g) according to the method of description 36
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 499 (MH+). C24H24F2N2O4S requires 498.
A. (1-{-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylthiazol-4-yl]-methanoyl}-piperidin-2-yl)-acetic acid
(0.500 g) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) and cooled to −20° C. under an atmosphere of argon. Triethylamine (0.231 ml) and isobutylchloroformate (0.215 ml) were added and the solution was stirred at −20° C. for 1 hour. The solution was then cooled to −78° C.
B. A solution of 4′-fluoroacetophenone (0.229 g) in THF (15 ml) was cooled to 20° C. under an atmosphere of argon. A solution of lithium diisopropylamide (0.830 ml; 2M solution in THF) was added and stirring continued at −20° C. for 30 minutes. The solution was then cooled to −78° C.
C. The solution from part B was added to the stirred solution of part A by way of a cannula. Stirring was continued at −78° C. under an atmosphere of argon for 2 hours before being quenched by the addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution. After reaching room temperature, the reaction solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic solution was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with a gradient of 10 to 75% ethyl acetate in hexane.
The title compound was obtained as a colourless oil (0.560 g) mass spectrum (API+) 483 [MH+], (API−) 481 [(M-H)−] C26H24F2N2O3S requires 482.
3-Methoxycarbonylmethylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (6.0 g) was dissolved in THF (60 ml) and 1N sodium hydroxide solution (60 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The solution was then cooled to 5° C. and adjusted to pH 9-10 by the addition of 10% hydrochloric acid. Nα(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (6.05 g) was then added portionwise, maintaining the pH at 9-10 by the addition of 1N NaOH solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 16 hours. The solution was then adjusted to pH 1 by the addition of 10% hydrochloric acid. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (×2), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The title compound was obtained as a white foam (9.96 g), mass spectrum (API+) 411 [(M-C4H8)H+], C26H30N2O6 requires 466.
(RS)-2-Carboxymethylpiperazine-1,4-dicarboxylic acid 4-tert-butyl ester 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester from description 109 (2.0 g) was dissolved in DMF (25 ml) and stirred at room temperature under argon for 3 days in the presence of potassium carbonate (0.697 g) and 2-bromo-4′-fluoroacetophenone (0.930 g). The reaction solution was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. the organic solution was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The crude product was chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with 25 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexane, followed by 10% ethanol in ethyl acetate. The title compound was obtained as a pale yellow solid (0.887 g), mass spectrum (API+) 381 [MH+], C19H25FN2O5 requires 380.
(RS)-3-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-ethoxycarbonylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester description 110 (0.887 g) was reacted with HATU (0.932 g), diisopropylethylamine (1.30 ml) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.707 g) in dry DMF (8 ml) according to the method of description 20. Silica gel column chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate-hexane mixtures provided the title compound as a white foam (1.168 g), mass spectrum (API+) 600 [MH+], C30H31F2N3O6S requires 599.
(RS)-4-{1-[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylthiazol-4-yl]-methanoyl}-3-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethoxycarbonylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester from description 111 (0.360 g) and anhydrous ammonium acetate were heated to 140° C. under argon for 1.5 hours with stirring. After cooling, the reaction mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated potassium carbonate solution. The organic solution was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with 0 to 10% ethanol in ethyl acetate. The title compound was obtained as a white foam (0.125 g), mass spectrum (API+) 580 [MH+], C30H31F2N5O3S requires 579.
(RS)-4-{1-[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methylthiazol-4-yl]-methanoyl}-3-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethoxycarbonylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, description 111 (0.385 g), tert-butyl carbamate (0.376 g) and boron trifluoride etherate (4 drops) were dissolved in xylene (5 ml) and heated to 140° C., under argon and with stirring for 48 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4), evaporated and the residue chromatographed over silica gel. Elution with a gradient of 25 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexane provided the title compound as a pale yellow oil (0.130 g), mass spectrum (API+) 581 [MH+], C30H30F2N4O4S requires 580.
A solution of (S)-2-carboxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (2.00 g) in methanol (1.32 ml)/acetonitrile (40 ml) was treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.78 ml). Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (2M, 8.73 ml) was added dropwise and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature, under argon for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 2M HCl, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, brine then dried (magnesium sulfate). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (2.10 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): 144 (MH+—tBOC). C12H21NO4 requires 243.
The ester of description 114 (2.10 g) was treated with hydrazine hydrate (16.3 ml) as described in description 78 to afford the title compound (1.60 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): 144 (MH+—tBOC). C11H21N3O3 requires 243.
Benzamidine.hydrochloride (0.84 g) in ethanol (20 ml) was treated with 25% sodium methoxide solution in methanol (2.44 ml) and stirred for 45 min. at room temperature under argon. The hydrazide of description 115 (1.3 g) was added and the mixture was heated at reflux for 24 h. After cooling the solvent was removed under reduced pressure then the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane and water. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel; 00→50% ethyl acetate-pentane) to afford the title compound (0.26 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): 329 (MH+). C18H24N4O2 requires 328.
The compound of description 116 (0.13 g) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (2.5 ml) according to a method similar to that of description 2 to afford the title compound (0.09 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): 229 (MH+). C13H16N4 requires 228.
The title compound (0.700 g) was prepared from (S)-2-carboxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (1.00 g, Aoyama et al, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 3249, 29,11, 1981) and 2-bromoacetophenone (0.760 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): 382 (MH+). C22H23NO5 requires 381.
The title compound (0.290 g) was prepared from the compound of description 118 (0.700 g) according to the method of example 54 using xylene as solvent.
Mass Spectrum (API+): 363 (MH+). C22H22N2O3 requires 362.
The title compound (0.065 g) was prepared by treating the compound of description 119 (0.280 g) with 10% palladium/charcoal (0.150 g, 50% paste) according to the method of description 77. The product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0→4% (10% 0.880 ammonia-methanol)-dichloromethane).
Mass Spectrum (API+): 229 (MH+). C14H16N2O requires 228.
The title compound (3.0 g) was prepared as a brown oil from the acid of description 35 (2.5 g) and (2-bromo-phenyl)-acetyl bromide (1.92 g) according to the method of description 36.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 559,561 (MH+). C26H24BrFN2O4S requires 558,560.
The title compound (0.335 g) was prepared as an oil from the compound of description 98 (0.750 g) and 2-bromo-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanone (0.631 g) according to the method of description 99.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 277. (MH+). C15H17FN2S requires 276.
The title compound (0.310 g) was prepared as an oil from the compound of description 98 (0.750 g) and 2-bromo-1-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanone (0.631 g) according to the method of description 99.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 277. (MH+). C15H17FN2S requires 276.
2-Methyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.07 g), [O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate] (0.12 g) and diisopropylaethylamine (0.17 ml) in dimethylformamide (5 ml) was stirred for 15 min. The amine of D2 (0.075 g) was added and the mixture stirred for 16 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure, the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic phase was separated dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 0-100% ethyl acetate/pentane) to give the title compound (0.095 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 463 (MH+). C25H23FN4O2S requires 462.
A mixture of 5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carbonyl chloride (0.115 g) and the amine D2 were combined in dichloromethane (10 ml) containing triethylamine (0.2 ml). The mixture was stirred for 16 h, washed with water, the organic phase dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 40-60% ethyl acetate/pentane eluant) to give the title compound (0.154 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 447 (MH+). C24H23FN6O2 requires 446.
The compounds of the examples of Table 1 were prepared by analogous procedures to those used to prepare the compounds of Example 1 and Example 2 from the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid (Method 1) or from the corresponding amine and acid chloride (Method 2).
The title compound (0.01 g) was prepared from the amine of description 33 (0.069 g) and 2-methyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.07 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): .
The compounds of the examples of Table 2 were prepared by analogous procedures to those used to prepare the compounds of example 51
Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (4 drops) was added to a mixture of the ester of description 36 (0.264 g) and acetamide (0.156 g) in diethyl ether (2 ml). Xylene (1 ml) was added and the mixture heated to 140° C. for 22 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine. The organic phase was dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. the residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 0→60% ethyl acetate/pentane eluant) to give the title compound (0.145 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 480 (MH+). C26H23F2N3O2S requires 479
The compounds of the examples of Table 3 were prepared by analogous procedures to those used to prepare the compound of example 54
The title compound (0.28 g) was prepared from the ester of description 40 (0.30 g) according to the method of example 54.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 476 (MH+). C27H26FN3O2S requires 475
5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl chloride (115 mg, 0.425 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was added to a solution of (RS)-2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-furan-2-ylmethyl)-piperidine (100 mg, 0.386 mmol) and triethylamine (0.16 ml, 1.16 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 ml) and the mixture shaken at ambient temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was then washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (8 ml) and the organic layer applied directly onto a pre-packed silica gel column and chromatographed eluting with an ethyl acetate—hexane gradient to give the title compound as a yellow solid (78.0 mg, 42%).
Mass spectrum (API+): 479 (MH+): C27H24F2N2O2S requires 478.
The compound of description 50 (0.30 g), ammonium acetate (0.38 g) and n-butanol (5 ml) were combined and boiled for 1 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel, ethyl acetate then 3% methanol/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (0.13 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 461 (MH+). C26H25FN4OS requires 460.
The acid of description 35 (0.14 g) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml) containing dimethylformamide (1 drop). Oxalyl chloride (0.04 g) was added and the mixture stirred for 3 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure, the residue redissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml) and added to a solution of 4-fluorobenzamidoxime (0.06 g) in pyridine (0.3 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min and boiled for 5 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel, 20% ether in pentane→dichloromethane eluant) to give the title compound (0.03 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 481 (MH+). C25H22F2N4O2S requires 480.
The title compound (0.29 g) was prepared from the compound of description 52 and 5-phenyltetrazole (0.10 g) according to the method of description 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 465 (MH+). C24H21FN4O3S requires 464.
The title compound (0.131 g) was prepared from the compound of description 53 (0.2 g) according to the method of example 54.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 464 (MH+). C25H22FN3O3S requires 463.
The title compound (0.09 g) was prepared from the compound of description 53 (0.20 g) according to the method of example 64.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 463 (MH+). C25H23FN4O2S requires 462.
The title compound (0.11 g) was prepared from the amine of description 55 (0.08 g) and 2-methyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.07 g) according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 480 (MH+). C26H23F2N3O2S requires 479.
The compounds of the examples of Table 4 were prepared by analogous procedures to those used to prepare the compound of example 69.
The title compound was prepared from the compound of description 55 (0.07 g) and 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid chloride (0.06 g) according to the method of example 2.
Found 466 (MH+). C25H21F2N3O2S requires 465.
The title compound (0.09 g) was prepared from the amine of description 60 (0.092 g) (0.08 g) and 2-methyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.07 g) according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 465 (MH+). C25H22F2N4OS requires 464.
The compounds of the examples of Table 5 were prepared by analogous procedures to those used to prepare the compound of example 80.
The title compound (0.17 g) was prepared from the compound of description 37 (0.50 g) according to the method of description 59.
Found 491 (MH+). C27H27FN4O2S requires 490.
The title compound (0.035 g) was prepared from the compound of description 39 (0.21 g) according to the method of description 59.
Found 479 (MH+). C26H24F2N4OS requires 478.
The title compound (0.18 g) was prepared from the compound of description 64 (0.50 g) according to the method of description 59.
Found 539, 541 (MH+) C26H24BrFN4OS requires 538, 540
The compound of example 95 (0.11 g) and copper(I) cyanide (0.03 g) were combined in N-methylpyrrolidinone (5 ml) and the mixture boiled for 6 h. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was stood overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate, passed through silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate/water. The organic phase was separated washed with water dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 20→100% ethyl acetate/pentane), the appropriate fractions combined and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.03 g) as a gum
Found 485 (MH+) C27H24FN5OS requires 486.
The title compound (0.17 g) was prepared by treating the compound of description 68 (0.27 g), 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.19 g), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.05 g) and diisopropylethylamine ((0.35 ml) in dimethylformamide (5 ml) with EDC.HCl. The mixture was stirred for 20 h, diluted with diethyl ether and washed with sodium carbonate and water (×3), dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 0→2% methanol/dichloromethane), the appropriate fractions combined and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.17 g) as a gum
Found 557, 559 (MH+) C26H23BrF2N4OS requires 556, 558.
The title compound (0.038 g) was prepared from the compound of example 97 (0.22 g) according to the method of example 96.
Found 504 (MH+) C27H23F2N5OS requires 503.
The title compound (0.065 g) was prepared from the compound of description 77 (0.060 g) and 2-ethoxybenzoic acid (0.042 g) according to the method of example 1
Found 391 (MH+) C24H26N2O3 requires 390.
The title compound (0.055 g) was prepared from the compound of description 77 (0.15 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.042 g) according to the method of example 97
Found 478 (MH+) C26H24FN3O3S requires 477.
A solution of the compound of description 78 (0.20 g) and 4-fluorobenzamidine (0.11 g) in ethanol (5 ml) was treated with a 25% sodium methoxide in methanol solution (0.24 ml) and the mixture refluxed for 60 h. Solvent was removed at reduced pressure, the residue partitioned between dichloromethane/water, the organic phase separated, dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure to give the title compound (0.04 g)
Found 480 (MH+) C25H23F2N5OS requires 479.
The title compound (0.006 g) was prepared from the compound of description 81 (0.08 g) and isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (0.06 g) according to the method of description 20.
Found 416 (MH+) C24H22FN5O requires 415.
The title compound (0.006 g) was prepared from the compound of description 63 (0.071 g) and 2-[3-(3-Dimethylamino-propoxy)-phenyl]-thiophene-3-carbonyl chloride
Found 547 (MH+) C31H35FN4O2S requires 546.
The title compound (0.14 g) was prepared from the compound of description 92 (0.09 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.08 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 481 (MH+) C24H22F2N6OS requires 480.
The title compound (0.13 g) was prepared from the compound of description 92 (0.09 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.074 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 467 (MH+) C23H20F2N6OS requires 466.
The title compound (0.10 g) was prepared from the compound of description 92 (0.09 g) and 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (0.070 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 450 (MH+) C23H21F2N7O requires 449.
The title compound (0.13 g) was prepared from the compound of description 92 (0.09 g) and 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (0.070 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 464 (MH+) C24H23F2N7O requires 463.
The title compound (0.03 g) was prepared from the compound of description 92 (0.09 g) and 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (0.070 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 464 (MH+) C24H23F2N7O requires 463.
The title compound (0.065 g) was prepared from the compound of description 94 (0.07 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.069 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 461 (MH+) C26H25FN4OS requires 460.
The title compound (0.10 g) was prepared from the compound of description 94 (0.07 g) and 5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.065 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 447 (MH+) C25H23FN4OS requires 446.
The title compound (0.135 g) was prepared from the compound of description 94 (0.07 g) and 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (0.064 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 444 (MH+) C26H26FN5O requires 443.
The title compound (0.10 g) was prepared from the compound of description 96 (0.086 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.075 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 479 (MH+) C26H24F2N4OS requires 478.
The title compound (0.125 g) was prepared from the compound of description 96 (0.086 g) and 5-bromo-2-methoxybenzoic acid (0.08 g) according to the method of Description 20.
The title compound (0.09 g) was prepared from the compound of description 96 (0.086 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.078 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found (MH+) 463 C25H24F2N6O requires 462.
The title compound (0.11 g) was prepared from the compound of description 96 (0.086 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.078 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 463 (MH+) C26H24F2N4O2 requires 462.
The title compound (0.05 g) was prepared from the compound of description 96 (0.086 g) and 2-(3-Methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-benzoic acid (0.070 g) according to the method of Description 20.
Found 446 (MH+) C25H24FN5O2 requires 445.
The title compound (0.133 g) was prepared from the compound of description 99 (0.184 g) according to the method of description 20.
Found 478 (MH+) C26H24FN3OS2 requires 477.
The title compounds were isolated by chiral HPLC on a Chiralcel OD; 250 mm×19 mm i.d.; 10 micron particle size column, with a mobile phase of n-Hexane, Ethanol (80:20 v/v) with a flow rate of 17 ml/min-1, a runtime of 20 min with detection by UV absorbance at 215 nM. The racemic compound of example 67 was injected in ethanol (2 ml) at 4 mg/ml. The two enantiomers were isolated as the faster and slower running components with ee's of 99.4% and 96.6%.
Faster running component Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 464 (MH+). C25H22FN3O3S requires 463.
Slower running component Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 464 (MH+). C25H22FN3O3S requires 463.
The compound of description 101 (0.35 g) and polyphosphoric acid (0.70 g) were combined and warmed at 140° C. for 4 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, potassium carbonate and iced water added. the basic solution was extracted with dichloromethane (×2), the combined organic phase washed with water, dried and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel; 20% ethyl acetate in pentane eluant) to give the title compound (0.073 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 481 (MH+). C24H25FN6O2S requires 480.
The title compound (0.34 g) was prepared from the compound of description 102 (0.53 g) according to the method of example 64.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 537 (MH+). C32H29FN4OS requires 536.
The compound of example 83 (0.25 g) was added to sodium hydride (60% in oil, 0.042 g) in dimethylformaide (5 ml) and stirred until gas evolution had ceased. Iodomethane 0.163 g) was added, stirring continued for 16 h, diluted carefully with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (×4). The combined organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 50% ethyl acetate:pentane eluant) to give after combining appropriate fractions the title compound (0.06 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 493 (MH+). C27H26F2N4OS requires 492.
The title compound (0.038 g) was prepared from the compound of description 104 and 5-(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.068 g) according to the method of description 20.
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 503 (MH+). C27H23FN4O3S requires 502.
The compound of description 105 (0.56 g) and 2-bromo-1-pyridin-2-yl-ethanone (0.44 g) were combined in dichloromethane (2 ml). The mixture was heated to 100° C. until the dichloromethane had evaporated and then heating continued at 140° C. for 6 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, and the residue dissolved in sodium hydroxide/dichloromethane, the organic phase separated, dried, solvent removed at reduced pressure and the residue column chromatographed (silica gel; 0→8% methanol/dichloromethane) to give after combining the appropriate fractions the title compound (0.05 g)
Mass Spectrum (API+): Found 463 (MH+). C25H23FN4O2S requires 462.
The compound of description 108 (0.430 g) was dissolved in ethanol (20 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours with hydrazine hydrate (0.087 ml). The solution was then evaporated at reduced pressure and chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with a gradient of 0 to 10% [9:1 methanol/conc. ammonia solution] in dichloromethane. The title compound was obtained as a white foam (0.034 g), mass spectrum (API+) 479 [MH+], (API−) 477 [(M-H)−] C26H24F2N4OS requires 478
3-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl]-4-{1-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylthiazol-4-yl]-methanoyl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester description 112 (0.130 g) was dissolved in TFA and stirred under argon at room temperature for 3 hours. The TFA was evaporated and the residue chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with a gradient of 0 to 10% [9:1 methanol/conc. ammonia solution] in dichloromethane. The title compound was obtained as a white foam (0.095 g), mass spectrum (API+) 480 [MH+], C25H23F2N5OS requires 479.
4-{1-[5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl]-methanoyl}-3-[4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-oxazol-2-ylmethyl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.130 g) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (10 ml) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then evaporated to dryness at reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed over silica gel. Elution with a gradient of 0 to 10% [9:1 methanol/conc. ammonia solution] in dichloromethane provided the title compound as a pale yellow gum (0.013 g), mass spectrum (API+) 481 [MH+], C25H22F2N4O2S requires 480.
The compound of example 67 (0.152 g) was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride (10 ml) and was then treated with N-bromosuccinimide (0.058 g) and stirred under argon at room temperature for 24 h. A further quantity of N-bromosuccinimide (0.006 g) was added and the mixture stirred for a further 1 h. The mixture was filtered through a cotton wool plug and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 0→40% ethyl acetate-pentane) to give the title compound (0.117 g).
Mass Spectrum (API+ LC/MS): Found 542, 544. C25H21BrFN3O3S requires 541,543.
The oxazole of example 70 (0.06 g) in carbon tetrachloride (10 ml) was treated with N-chlorosuccinimide (0.018 g) and stirred at room temperature, under argon, for 6 h. A further quantity of N-chlorosuccinimide (0.009 g) was added and the mixture heated at 80° C., under argon for 16 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was dried (magnesium sulfate) and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel; 0→40% ethyl acetate-pentane) to afford the title compound (0.024 g).
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 496,498 (MH+). C26H23ClFN3O2S requires 495,497.
The title compound (0.077 g) was prepared from the amine of description 117 (0.072 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.075 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+ LC/MS): 448 (MH+). C24H22FN5OS requires 447.
The title compound (0.412 g) was prepared by treating the compound of example 70 with N-bromosuccinimide (0.190 g) according to the method of example 164.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 540, 542 (MH+). C26H23BrFN3O2S requires 539, 541.
The title compound (0.165 g) was prepared from the amine of description 77 (0.116 g) and 2-Methyl-5-phenyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.105 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 444 (MH+). C26H25N3O2S requires 443.
The title compound (0.169 g) was prepared from the amine of description 77 (0.116 g) and 1-(2-Dimethylamino-ethyl)-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (0.132 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 502 (MH+). C29H32FN5O2 requires 501.
The title compound (50 mg) was prepared by treating the compound of example 167 (0.410 g) with copper(I)cyanide (0.103 g) according to the method of example 96. Following column chromatography, further purification by HPLC was required (Supercosil ABZ+, 5-95% acetonitrile containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid).
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 487 (MH+). C27H23FN4O2S requires 486.
The title compound (0.075 g) was prepared by treating the compound of example 168 (0.093 g) with N-bromosuccinimide (0.037 g) according to the method of example 164.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 522,524 (MH+). C26H24BrFN3O2S requires 521,523.
The title compound (0.103 g) was prepared from the amine of description 120 (0.061 g) and 5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.064 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 448 (MH+). C25H22FN3O2S requires 447.
The title compound (0.066 g) was prepared by treating the compound of example 172 (0.075 g) with N-bromosuccinimide (0.030 g) according to the method of example 164.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): 526,528 (MH+). C25H21BrFN3O2S requires 525,527.
The title compound (0.106 g) was prepared from the amine of description 77 (0.072 g) and 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.076 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (API+ LC/MS): 478,480 (MH+). C26H24ClN3O2S requires 477, 479.
The title compound (0.022 g) was prepared from the compound of description 99 (0.060 g) and 4-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (0.044 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): Found 461 (MH+). C26H25FN4OS requires 460.
The title compound (0.50 g) was prepared from the compound of description 121 (2.00 g), acetamide (1.05 g) and boron trifluoride.diethyl etherate (0.7 ml) in xylene according to the method of example 54.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): Found 540,542 (MH+). C26H23BrFN3O2S requires 539,541.
A mixture of the bromide (0.240 g) of example 176, Cu(I)CN (0.060 g) and N-Methyl pyrrolidinone (5 ml) was heated at 180° C. for 16 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and passed through kiesselguhr, washing with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was washed with water, dried (sodium sulfate) and solvent removed at reduced pressure. The residue was column chromatographed (silica gel, 20-50% ethyl acetate-pentane) to give the title compound as a pale yellow gum (0.101 g
Mass Spectrum (API+ LC/MS): Found 487 (MH+). C27H23FN4O2S requires 486.
The title compound (0.235 g) was prepared as a solid from the amine of description 122 (0.330 g) and 2-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.283 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): Found 496 (MH+). C26H23F2N3OS2 requires 495.
The title compound (0.047 g) was prepared as a solid from the amine of description 123 (0.100 g) and 2-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.086 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): Found 496 (MH+). C26H23F2N3OS2 requires 495.
The title compound (0.031 g) was prepared as a solid from the amine of description 123 (0.100 g) and 2-methyl-5-phenyl-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.079 g) according to the method of example 1.
Mass Spectrum (Electrospray LC/MS): Found 478 (MH+). C26H24FN3OS2 requires 477.
It is understood that the present invention covers all combinations of particular and preferred groups described herein above.
The orexin-1 receptor antagonist activity of the compounds of formula (I) was determined in accordance with the following experimental method.
CHO-DG44 cells expressing the human orexin-1 receptor were grown in cell medium (MEM medium with Earl's salts) containing 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.4 mg/mL G418 Sulphate from GIBCO BRL and 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum from Gibco BRL. The cells were seeded at 20,000 cells/100 μl/well into 96-well black clear bottom sterile plates from Costar which had been pre-coated with 10 μg/well of poly-L-lysine from SIGMA. The seeded plates were incubated overnight at 37 C in 5% CO2.
Agonists were prepared as 1 mM stocks in water:DMSO (1:1). EC50 values (the concentration required to produce 50% maximal response) were estimated using 11× half log unit dilutions (Biomek 2000, Beckman) in Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid (10 mM HEPES with 145 mM NaCl, 10 mM glucose, 2.5 mM KCl, 1.5 mM CaCl2, 1.2 mM MgCl2 and 2.5 mM probenecid; pH7.4). Antagonists were prepared as 10 mM stocks in DMSO (100%). Antagonist IC50 values (the concentration of compound needed to inhibit 50% of the agonist response) were determined against 3.0 nM human orexin-A using 11× half log unit dilutions in Tyrode's buffer containing 10% DMSO and probenecid.
On the day of assay 501 of cell medium containing probenecid (Sigma) and Fluo3AM (Texas Fluorescence Laboratories) was added (Quadra, Tomtec) to each well to give final concentrations of 2.5 mM and 4 μM, respectively. The 96-well plates were incubated for 60 min at 37 C in 5% CO2. The loading solution containing dye was then aspirated and cells were washed with 4×150 μl Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid and 0.1% gelatin (Denley Cell Wash). The volume of buffer left in each well was 125 μl. Antagonist or buffer (25 μl) was added (Quadra) the cell plates gently shaken and incubated at 37 C in 5% CO2 for 30 minutes. Cell plates were then transferred to the Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices) instrument. Prior to drug addition a single image of the cell plate was taken (signal test), to evaluate dye loading consistency. The run protocol used 60 images taken at 1 second intervals followed by a further 24 images at 5 second intervals. Agonists were added (by the FLIPR) after 20 seconds (during continuous reading). From each well, peak fluorescence was determined over the whole assay period and the mean of readings 1-19 inclusive was subtracted from this figure. The peak increase in fluorescence was plotted against compound concentration and iteratively curve fitted using a four parameter logistic fit (as described by Bowen and Jerman, TiPS, 1995, 16, 413-417) to generate a concentration effect value. Antagonist Kb values were calculated using the equation:
Kb=IC50/(1+([3/EC50])
where EC50 was the potency of human orexin-A determined in the assay (in nM terms) and IC50 is expressed in molar terms.
Compounds of Examples tested according to this method had pKb values in the range 6.7-9.5 at the human cloned orexin-1 receptor.
The orexin-2 receptor antagonist activity of the compounds of formula (I) was determined in accordance with the following experimental method.
CHO-DG44 cells expressing the human orexin-2 receptor were grown in cell medium (MEM medium with Earl's salts) containing 2 mM L-Glutamine, 0.4 mg/mL G418 Sulphate from GIBCO BRL and 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum from Gibco BRL. The cells were seeded at 20,000 cells/100 μl/well into 96-well black clear bottom sterile plates from Costar which had been pre-coated with 10 μg/well of poly-L-lysine from SIGMA. The seeded plates were incubated overnight at 37 C in 5% CO2.
Agonists were prepared as 1 mM stocks in water:DMSO (1:1). EC50 values (the concentration required to produce 50% maximal response) were estimated using 11× half log unit dilutions (Biomek 2000, Beckman) in Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid (10 mM HEPES with 145 mM NaCl, 10 mM glucose, 2.5 mM KCl, 1.5 mM CaCl2, 1.2 mM MgCl2 and 2.5 mM probenecid; pH7.4). Antagonists were prepared as 10 mM stocks in DMSO (100%). Antagonist IC50 values (the concentration of compound needed to inhibit 50% of the agonist response) were determined against 10.0 nM human orexin-A using 11× half log unit dilutions in Tyrode's buffer containing 10% DMSO and probenecid.
On the day of assay 50 μl of cell medium containing probenecid (Sigma) and Fluo3AM (Texas Fluorescence Laboratories) was added (Quadra, Tomtec) to each well to give final concentrations of 2.5 mM and 4 μM, respectively. The 96-well plates were incubated for 60 min at 37 C in 5% CO2. The loading solution containing dye was then aspirated and cells were washed with 4×150 μl Tyrode's buffer containing probenecid and 0.1% gelatin (Denley Cell Wash). The volume of buffer left in each well was 125 μl. Antagonist or buffer (25 μl) was added (Quadra) the cell plates gently shaken and incubated at 37 C in 5% CO2 for 30 min. Cell plates were then transferred to the Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR, Molecular Devices) instrument. Prior to drug addition a single image of the cell plate was taken (signal test), to evaluate dye loading consistency. The run protocol used 60 images taken at 1 second intervals followed by a further 24 images at 5 second intervals. Agonists were added (by the FLIPR) after 20 sec (during continuous reading). From each well, peak fluorescence was determined over the whole assay period and the mean of readings 1-19 inclusive was subtracted from this figure. The peak increase in fluorescence was plotted against compound concentration and iteratively curve fitted using a four parameter logistic fit (as described by Bowen and Jerman, TiPS, 1995, 16, 413-417) to generate a concentration effect value. Antagonist Kb values were calculated using the equation:
Kb=IC50/(1+([3/EC50])
where EC50 was the potency of human orexin-A determined in the assay (in nM terms) and IC50 is expressed in molar terms.
Compounds of Examples tested according to this method had pKb values in the range <6.3-8.2 at the human cloned orexin-2 receptor.
The application of which this description and claims forms part may be used as a basis for priority in respect of any subsequent application. The claims of such subsequent application may be directed to any feature or combination of features described herein. They may take the form of product, composition, process, or use claims and may include, by way of example and without limitation the following claims:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0115862.5 | Jun 2001 | GB | national |
| 0130347.8 | Dec 2001 | GB | national |
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/481,083, filed 17 Dec. 2003, which is a 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP02/07007, filed 25 Jun. 2002, which claims the priority of Great Britain Application Nos. GB 0115862.5, filed 28 Jun. 2001 and GB 0130347.8, filed 19 Dec. 2001, which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10481083 | Dec 2003 | US |
| Child | 12169164 | US |
