Piperidine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel piperidine derivatives and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof which have an antihistaminic and antiallergic activity and are useful for the treatment of, for example, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis, and urticaria, and to the method for preparation thereof.
The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the effective amount of the same.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Among the piperidine compounds having a tricyclic ring substituent, for example, dibenzocycloheptene ring or a dibenzoxepine ring, in the 4-position of the piperidine ring, such compound as cyproheptadine (The Merck Index, 11th edition, 2779: 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine) represented by the following formula: ##STR2## has been developed as an antihistaminic agent and is widely used clinically for the treatment of such ailments as allergic rhinitis and dermatosis.
However, this class of compounds those having a carboxyl or a lower alkoxycarbonyl group in the substituent at the 1-position of the piperidine ring have never been known to date.
A large number of antihistaminic agents have been developed so far and are used for the treatment of, for example, allergic dermatosis or rhinitis. However, adverse reactions of a central inhibitory action caused by the administration of the known antihistaminic agents such as sleepiness or sedation are found to be a great problem with these known agents. In addition, as anticholinergic action which is considered to be one of the possible reasons for hydrodipsia or mydriasis is another undesired adverse reaction of the antihistaminic agents. Various kinds of research have been conducted to solve the above problems, however, presently available antihistaminic agents are insufficient from a clinical point of view.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds having an excellent antihistaminic activity as well as excellent antiallergic activity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds which extensively eliminate undesired adverse reactions such as a central inhibitory action when administered for the treatment of such ailments as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis and urticaria.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparation of the above novel compounds. Yet another object is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising the novel compounds which is useful for the treatment of such ailments as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis and urticaria.
The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies to achieve the foregoing objects and found that the objects can be effectively attained by providing novel piperidine derivatives of the present invention. These derivatives have potent antihistaminic and antiallergic activity and induce few adverse reactions such as central inhibition.
In accordance with the above objects, the present invention provides a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR3## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X represents --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, or --CH.sub.2 O--; Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group, or Y represents an --A--O--B-- group wherein A and B are the same or different and each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group, and pharmacologically acceptable salts of the above compounds.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a process for preparing a piperidine derivative represented by the general formula (I). The process comprises the steps of reacting a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR4## wherein X is the same as that defined above, with a compound represented by Z--Y--COOR (IIIa) or CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCOOR (IIIb) wherein R and Y are the same as those defined above, and Z represents a halogen atom, in a solvent or without a solvent, and in the presence or absence of a base as a acid scavenger, followed by the step of hydrolysis in a solvent using an acid or a base, if necessary.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the present invention provides an antihistaminic and antiallergic agent comprising an effective amount of a piperidine derivative represented by general formula (I).
In accordance with a further embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of an allergic disease comprising an effective amount of a compound represented by general formula (I).
The invention also provides a method of treating an allergic disease comprising the step of administering to a mammal an effective amount of a piperidine derivative represented by general formula (I), a pharmacologically acceptable salt of the above compound, an antihistaminic and antiallergic agent comprising the same, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Description of the Preferred Embodiments which follows, when read in light of the attached Examples.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR5## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X represents --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, or --CH.sub.2 O--; Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group, or Y represents an --A--O--B-- group wherein A and B are the same or different and each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group. The present invention also provides pharmacologically acceptable salts of the above compounds. In addition, the present invention provides a process for preparing the compounds of the general formula (I), and a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of the same together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or coating.
In the above general formula (I), the lower alkyl group represented by R or the lower alkyl group which may be a substituent of the alkylene group represented by Y, A, or B may be, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or tert-butyl group.
Preferred examples of the present invention include:
4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetic acid;
4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionic acid;
4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyric acid;
4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinevaleric acid;
4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproic acid;
2-[4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid;
4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetic acid;
4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionic acid;
4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyric acid;
4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinevaleric acid;
4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproic acid;
2-[4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid;
4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetic acid;
4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionic acid;
4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyric acid;
4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinevaleric acid;
4-(dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproic acid;
2-[4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid;
ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate;
methyl 2-[4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetate;
ethyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate;
ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetate; and
methyl 2-[4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetate.
The compounds of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) may be converted to pharmacologically acceptable salts, if desired, and may then be reconverted to produce the free compound from the obtained salts.
The pharmacologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention represented by the general formula (I) may be acid addition salts or alkali addition salts. Examples of the acid addition salts include mineral acids such as for example hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate, and organic acid salt such as for example acetate, maleate, fumarate, malate, citrate, oxalate, lactate, and tartarate. Examples of the alkali addition salts include metal salts such as for example sodium, potassium, and calcium salt, and organic alkali salts such as for example ammonium salts, methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, piperidine, and piperazine salts.
The compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) may have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule, and consequently, optically active isomers and diastereoisomers may exist. These isomers as well as the racemate and the mixture of the diastereoisomers are incorporated within the scope of the present invention.
The novel piperidine derivatives of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) can be prepared by reacting a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR6## wherein X is the same as that defined above, with a compound represented by Z--Y--COOR (IIIa) or CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCOOR (IIIb) wherein R and Y are the same as those defined above, and Z represents a halogen atom, in a solvent or without a solvent, and in the presence or absence of a base as a acid scavenger, followed by the step of hydrolysis in a solvent using an acid or a base, if necessary.
Any inert solvent may be used in the alkylation process of the present invention. Examples of the inert solvent include benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide.
Examples of the base used in the process of the present invention include potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, pyridine, and triethylamine. The reaction may be carried out at from 0.degree. to 200.degree. C.
For the hydrolysis process, an acid such as for example hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or a base such as for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate may be used. A solvent used in the hydrolysis may be, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, or tetrahydrofuran, and the hydrolysis may be carried out at from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C.
In addition, the compounds represented by the above general formula (II), used as starting materials for the above process, are known compounds disclosed in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 8, 829 (1965) and the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 18478/1975, which can be readily prepared by the following process: ##STR7## wherein, X represents the same as that defined above, Z' represents a halogen atom, and R' represents a lower alkyl group.
The novel piperidine compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) and the pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof has an excellent antihistaminic and antiallergic activity, and thus is quite useful for the treatment of an allergic disease, such as, for example, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis, and urticaria.
The piperidine compounds of the present invention and their pharmacologically acceptable salts may be administered orally or parenterally to a patient as a pharmaceutical composition which comprises an effective amount of said compound or said salt together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or coating.
The pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration may be, for example, tablet, capsule, powder, subtilized granule, granule, solution, or syrup. The pharmaceutical composition suitable for parenteral administration may be injection, suppository, inhalant, eye drop, nasal drop, ointment, or cataplasm. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or coating used for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition may be excipient, disintegrant or agent for accelerating disintegration, binder, lubricant, coating agent, pigment, diluent, base, solubilizing agent, solubilizer, isotonicity, pH adjusting agent, stabilizer, propellant, and adhesive.
For the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration, dermal administration, or mucosal application, the coating or carrier may comprise the following: an excipient such as for example glucose, lactose, D-mannitol, starch, or crystalline cellulose; a disintegrant or an agent for accelerating disintegration such as for example carboxymethylcellulose, starch, or calcium carboxymethylcellulose; a binder such as for example hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or gelatin; a lubricant such as for example magnesium stearate or talc; a coating agent such as for example hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sucrose, polyethylene glycol, or titanium oxide; a base such as for example petrolatum, liquid paraffin, polyethyleneglycol, gelatin, kaolin, glycerin, purified water, or hard fat; a propellant such as for example fron, diethylether, or compressed gas; an adhesive such as for example sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylalcohol, methylcellulose, polyisobutylene, or polybutene; or a base sheet such as for example cloth or plastic sheet. The pharmaceutical composition suitable for injection may comprise the following: a solubilizing agent or a solubilizer, e.g., distilled water for injection, saline, or propylene glycol which is useful for an aqueous composition or a composition for preparing aqueous solution before use; an isotonicity agent such as for example glucose, sodium chloride, D-mannitol, or glycerin; and a pH adjusting agent such as for example an inorganic or organic acid or an inorganic or organic base.
The dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for an adult patient may generally be from about 1 to 300 mg per day for oral administration, which may be increased or decreased depending on the conditions of the patient to be treated.

The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples and reference examples. The Examples are given by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting.
EXAMPLES
The following example shows the excellent effectiveness of the compounds of the present invention. The results of 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphlaxis (PCA) in rats with the monitoring of antiallergic activity; and the results of potentiation of hexobarbital-induced anesthesia in mice with the monitoring of central nervous depressive activity are summarized in Table 1. The reference compound used was cyproheptadine hydrochloride.
1. 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats
a) Preparation of DNP-As and rat anti-DNP-As serum
Ascaris extract coupled with a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group (DNP-As) was prepared by the method of Koda et al. (Folia pharmacol. japon., 78, 319-334, 1981); and anti-DNP-As containing IgE antibody serum was prepared by the method of Tada and Okumura (J. Immunol., 106, 1019-1025, 1971). The PCA titer of the antiserum was estimated to be 1:128 by 48 hr PCA in rats.
b) 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats
Male Wistar rats weighing 160 to 200 g were sensitized passively by intradermal injection, in the back, of 0.05 ml of anti-DNP-As serum diluted 21-fold with saline. After 48 hr, the animals (18-20 hr fasted) were given i.v. 0.5 ml of 1% Evans blue solution containing 1 mg of DNP-As. After an additional 30 min, the animals were killed by stunning and the skins were removed. The intensity of the response was evaluated by assaying the amount of dye leaked according to the method of Katayama et al. (Microbiol. Immunol., 22, 89-101, 1978). The percent inhibition of PCA was calculated using the following formula: ##EQU1##
Test compounds were given orally in a dose of 1 mg/kg 1 hr prior to challenge with antigen. As a control, 5 ml/kg of vehicle (0.5% CMC) alone were given in a similar manner.
The results are shown in Table 1.
2. Potentiation of hexobarbital-induced anesthesia in mice
The loss of righting reflex induced by hexobarbital was used as an index of anesthesia. Groups of eight male ddY mice (20-24 hr fasted) weighing 19 to 27 g were treated orally with the test compounds (30 mg/kg) or vehicle. Thirty min. later, 80 mg/kg of hexobarbital sodium were injected i.p. to the animals and the duration of loss of righting reflex was observed. The percent increase of sleeping time was calculated using the following formula: ##EQU2##
The results are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ the percent increase the percent of hexobarbital- inhibition induced of PCA in rats anesthesia in ratsTest compound (%, 1 mg/kg, p.o.) (%, 30 mg/kg, p.o.)______________________________________Example 1 71 106Example 21 91 29Example 22 81 37Example 23 81 51Example 24 87 75Example 25 78 80Example 26 59 22Example 28 89 83Example 29 94 45Example 30 91 53Example 31 59 36Example 32 77 15Example 33 91 39Example 34 69 31Example 35 85 76Example 36 54 34Example 37 85 49Example 38 83 41Example 39 78 80Reference compound 47 203______________________________________
The present compounds exhibited more a potent of antiallergic activity and less potent of central nervous depressive activity than the reference compound.
REFERENCE 1
Ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecarboxylate
A mixture of 33.0 g of 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine, 74.9 g of ethyl chlorocarbonate and 170 ml of toluene was refluxed for 3.5 hrs. After cooling, the reaction mixture was washed with hydrochloric acid and water, and then dried and concentrated. The residue was solidified by treatment with n-hexane to give 37.4 g of pale yellow crystals, which were recrystallized from ethanol to give slightly yellow needles, mp 123.degree.-124.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.23 H.sub.23 NO.sub.2 : Calculated C, 79.97; H, 6.71; N, 4.05. Found C, 80.24; H, 6.73; N, 3.95.
The compounds of Reference 2 to 3 were prepared in the same manner as described in Reference 1.
REFERENCE 2
Ethyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]5-ylidene)-1-piperidine-carboxylate
Yellow liquid.
Mass spectrum m/z: 347 (M.sup.+).
IR spectrum .nu. (liq) cm.sup.-1 : 1700 (COO).
NMR spectrum .delta. (CDCl.sub.3) ppm: 1.25(3H,t,J=7 Hz),2.36(4H,t,J=6 Hz), 2.6-3.96 (8H,m),4.14(2H,q,J=7 Hz),6.97-7.31(8H,m).
REFERENCE 3
Ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinecarboxylate
Pale yellowish brown liquid.
Mass spectrum m/z: 349 (M.sup.+).
IR spectrum .nu. (liq) cm.sup.-1 : 1700 (COO).
NMR spectrum .delta. (CDCl.sub.3) ppm: 1.25(3H,t,J=7 Hz), 2.2-4.03(8H,m), 4.14(2H,q,J=7 Hz), 4.77(1H,d,J=12 Hz), 5.69(1H,d,J=12 Hz),6.70-7.5(8H,m).
REFERENCE 4
4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine
A mixture of 65.6 g of ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecarboxylate, 32.0 g of potassium hydroxide and 250 ml of n-butanol was refluxed for 2 hrs and concentrated. Water was added to the residue and extracted with toluene. The toluene layer was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 53.2 g of pale yellow solid, which was recrystallized from methanol to give 47.9 g of colorless needles, mp 145.degree.-147.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.20 H.sub.19 N: Calculated C, 87.87; H, 7.01; N, 5.12. Found C, 87.81; H, 7.0; N, 5.07.
The compounds of Reference 5 to 6 were prepared in the same manner as described in Reference 4.
REFERENCE 5
4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine hydrochloride
Colorless plates, mp >300.degree. C. (MeOH).
Analysis for C.sub.20 H.sub.21 N.HCl: Calculated C, 77.03; H, 7.11; N, 4.49. Found C, 77.00; H, 7.12; N, 4.47.
REFERENCE 6
4-(Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidine hydrochloride
Colorless prisms, mp >300.degree. C. (EtOH).
Analysis for C.sub.19 H.sub.19 NO.HCl: Calculated C, 72.72; H, 6.42; N, 4.46. Found C, 72.72; H, 6.51; N, 4.27.
EXAMPLE 1
Ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride
A mixture of 3.01 g of 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine, 2.20 g of ethyl 3-bromopropionate, 1.52 g of potassium carbonate and 20 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 80.degree. C. for 4 hrs. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and then extracted with ether. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 4.4 g of brown liquid, which was converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner to give 4.2 g of colorless crystals. The crude hydrochloride was recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and ether to give colorless needles, mp 151.degree.-152.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.27 NO.sub.2.HCl.H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 70.16; H, 7.07; N, 3.27. Found C, 70.26; H, 6.99; N, 3.01.
EXAMPLE 2
Methyl 2-[4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetate fumarate
A mixture of 3.01 g of 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine, 2.90 g of methyl 2-chloroethoxyacetate, 2.43 g of potassium carbonate and 20 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 80.degree. C. for 22 hrs. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and then extracted with ether. The ether layer was extracted with aq. hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 3.16 g of yellowish brown liquid, which was converted to the fumarate in the usual manner and then recrystallized from ethanol to give pale yellow needles, mp 175.degree.-176.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.27 NO.sub.3. C.sub.4 H.sub.4 O.sub.4 : Calculated C, 68.90; H, 6.18; N, 2.77. Found C, 68.76; H, 6.22; N, 2.68.
EXAMPLE 3
Ethyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyrate hydrochloride
A mixture of 3.00 g of 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine, 2.34 g of ethyl 4-bromobutyrate, 1.51 g of potassium carbonate and 18 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 70.degree. C. for 3 hrs. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and then extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give pale brown solid, which was converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner to give 3.88 g of colorless solid. The crude hydrochloride was recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and ether to give colorless crystals, mp 182.degree.-184.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.26 H.sub.31 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 73.31; H, 7.57; N, 3.29. Found C, 73.27; H, 7.7; N, 3.33.
EXAMPLE 4
Ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate
A mixture of 3.61 g of 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidine, 2.6 g of ethyl 3-bromopropionate, 1.8 g of potassium carbonate and 25 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 80.degree. C. for 2 hrs. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water and extracted with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 4.2 g of yellowish brown liquid, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: chloroform) to give 3.9 g of pale yellow liquid.
Mass spectrum m/z: 377 (M.sup.+).
IR spectrum .nu. (liq) cm.sup.-1 : 1734 (COO).
NMR spectrum .delta. (CDCl.sub.3) ppm: 1.25(3H,t,J=7 Hz), 1.92-2.94(12H,m), 4.13(2H,q,J=7 Hz), 4.76(1H,d,J=12 Hz), 5.72(1H,d,J=12 Hz),6.66-7.48(8H,m).
EXAMPLE 5
Ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinevalerate hydrochloride
A mixture of 3.61 g of 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidine, 3.00 g of ethyl 5-bromovalerate, 1.80 g of potassium carbonate and 25 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 80.degree. C. for 2 hrs. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 5.40 g of brown liquid, which was converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner to give 4.76 g of colorless crystals. The crude hydrochloride was recrystallized from ethanol to give colorless needles, mp 228.degree.-230.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.26 H.sub.31 NO.sub.3.HCl: Calculated C, 70.65; H, 7.30; N, 3.17. Found C, 70.76; H, 7.05; N, 3.22.
The compounds of Example 6 to 19 were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1 to 5.
EXAMPLE 6
Ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetate
Pale brown liquid.
Mass spectrum m/z: 359 (M.sup.+).
IR spectrum .nu. (liq) cm.sup.-1 : 1746 (COO).
NMR spectrum .delta. (CDCl.sub.3) ppm: 1.24(3H,t,J=7 Hz),1.98-2.92(8H,m), 3.17(2H,s),4.16(2H,q,J=7 Hz),6.91(2H,s),7.08-7.46(8H,m).
EXAMPLE 7
Ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-.alpha.-methyl-1-piperidineacetate hydrochloride
Pale brown pillars, mp 190.degree.-191.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.27 NO.sub.2. HCl: Calculated C, 73.25; H, 6.88; N, 3.42. Found C, 73.1; H, 6.81; N, 3.31.
EXAMPLE 8
Ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyrate
Yellowish brown liquid.
Mass spectrum m/z: 387 (M.sup.+).
IR spectrum .nu. (liq) cm.sup.-1 : 1734 (COO).
NMR spectrum .delta. (CDCl.sub.3) ppm: 1.23(3H,t,J=7 Hz), 1.56-2.8 (14H,m), 4.1(2H,q,J=7 Hz),6.9(2H,s), 7.1-7.45(8H,m).
EXAMPLE 9
Ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinevalerate hydrochloride
Pale yellow prisms, mp 185.5.degree.-186.5.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.27 H.sub.31 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 74.04; H, 7.36; N, 3.2. Found C, 74.04; H, 7.22; N, 3.14.
EXAMPLE 10
Methyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproate hydrochloride
Colorless pillars, mp 200.degree.-201.degree. C. (EtOH).
Analysis for C.sub.27 H.sub.31 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 74.04; H, 7.36; N, 3.2. Found C, 73.82; H, 7.42; N, 3.1.
EXAMPLE 11
Ethyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetate hydrochloride
Colorless crystals, mp 173.degree.-175.degree. C. (Me.sub.2 CO).
Analysis for C.sub.24 H.sub.27 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 72.44; H, 7.09; N, 3.52. Found C, 72.23; H, 7.17; N, 3.45.
EXAMPLE 12
Ethyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 198.degree.-202.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.29 NO.sub.2.HCl.1/4 H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 72.10; H, 7.38; N, 3.36. Found C, 72.04; H, 7.25; N, 3.33.
EXAMPLE 13
Ethyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinevalerate hydrochloride
Colorless crystals, mp 183.5.degree.-185.degree. C. (Me.sub.2 CO-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.27 H.sub.33 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 73.7; H, 7.79; N, 3.18. Found C, 73.4; H, 7.75; N, 3.22.
EXAMPLE 14
Methyl 2-[4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetate
Yellow liquid.
Mass spectrum m/z: 391 (M.sup.+).
IR spectrum .nu. (liq) cm.sup.-1 : 1758 (COO).
NMR spectrum .delta. (CDCl.sub.3) ppm: 2.04-3.54(12H,m),2.63(2H,t,J=5.5 Hz), 3.68(2H,t,J=5.5 Hz),3.73(3H,s),4.12(2H,s),6.98-7.22(8H,m).
EXAMPLE 15
Ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetate hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 153.degree.-154.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.23 H.sub.25 NO.sub.3.HCl.1/2 H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 67,56; H, 6.66; N, 3.43. Found C, 67.61; H, 6.49; N, 3.45.
EXAMPLE 16
Ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyrate hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 242.degree.-244.degree. C. (EtOH).
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.29 NO.sub.3.HCl: Calculated C, 70.16; H, 7.07; N, 3.27. Found C, 70.08; H, 7.04; N, 3.16.
EXAMPLE 17
Methyl 2-[4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetate
Pale yellow liquid.
Mass spectrum m/z: 393 (M.sup.+). IR spectrum .nu. (liq) cm.sup.-1 : 1756 (COO). NMR spectrum .delta. (CDCl.sub.3) ppm: 2.0-3.0 (10H,m), 3.68(2H,t,J=5.5 Hz), 3.73(3H,s),4.11(2H,s),4.76(1H,d,J=12 Hz),5.72(1H,d,J=12 Hz),6.64-7.46(8H,m).
EXAMPLE 18
Methyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproate hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 188.degree.-190.degree. C. (Me.sub.2 CO).
Analysis for C.sub.27 H.sub.33 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 73.7; H, 7.79; N, 3.18. Found C, 73.47; H, 7.74; N, 3.14.
EXAMPLE 19
Methyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproate hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 214.degree.-217.degree. C. (Me.sub.2 CO).
Analysis for C.sub.26 H.sub.31 NO.sub.3.HCl: Calculated C, 70.65; H, 7.3; N, 3.17. Found C, 70.61; H, 7.41; N, 3.31.
EXAMPLE 20
Ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate
A mixture of 4.00 g of 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine, 2.1 ml of ethyl acrylate and 20 ml of ethanol was refluxed for 1 hr and concentrated to give 5.35 g of colorless liquid. The liquid was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: chloroform) to give 5.3 g of colorless solid, which was recrystallized from n-hexane to give colorless crystals, mp 66.degree.-67.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.27 NO.sub.2 : Calculated C, 80.4; H, 7.29; N, 3.75. Found C, 80.35; H, 7.39; N, 3.77.
EXAMPLE 21
4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionic acid
A mixture of 5.30 g of ethyl 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride, 19.3 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 30 ml of methanol was refluxed for 1 hr and concentrated. Water was added to the residue, washed with ethyl acetate and adjusted to pH 4 to 5 with 10% hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was collected by filtration to give 4.47 g of pale yellow crystals, which were recrystallized from a mixture of water and N,N-dimethylformamide to give 4.23 g of pale yellow needles, mp 201.degree.-203.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.23 H.sub.23 NO.sub.2.2H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 72.42; H, 7.13; N, 3.67. Found C, 72.23; H, 6.94; N, 3.67.
EXAMPLE 22
2-[4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid hydrochloride
A mixture of 2.56 g of methyl 2-[4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetate, 6.6 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 25 ml of methanol was refluxed for 1 hr and concentrated. Water was added to the residue, adjusted to pH 2 with 10% hydrochloric acid and extracted with chloroform. The chloroform layer was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give yellowish brown liquid, which was solidified with a mixture of chloroform and ether to give 2.7 g of pale yellow amorphous solid, mp 75.degree.-80.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.24 H.sub.25 NO.sub.3.HCl.H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 67.05; H, 6.56; N, 3.26. Found C, 66.99; H, 6.37; N, 3.04.
EXAMPLE 23
4-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride
A mixture of 3.31 g of ethyl 4-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyrate hydrochloride, 11.7 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 35 ml of methanol was refluxed for 1 hr and concentrated. Water was added to the residue, adjusted to pH 1 with 10% hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was collected by filtlation to give 2.97 g of brown solid, which was recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and ether to give 2.48 g of colorless needles, mp 211.5.degree.-214.5.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.24 H.sub.27 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 72.44; H, 7.09; N, 3.52. Found C, 72.26; H, 7.04; N, 3.5.
EXAMPLE 24
4-(Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionic acid
A mixture of 3.70 g of ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionate, 9.9 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 40 ml of methanol was refluxed for 30 min and concentrated. Water was added to the residue, adjusted to pH 3 with 10% hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and ether to give 3.30 g of pale yellow crystals, which were recrystallized from a mixture of water and N,N-dimethylformamide to give 2.75 g of pale yellow crystals, mp 142.degree.-143.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.22 H.sub.23 NO.sub.3.2H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 68.55; H, 7.06; N, 3.63. Found C, 68.82; H, 6.97; N, 3.62.
EXAMPLE 25
4-(Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride
A mixture of 4.20 g of ethyl 4-(dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinevalerate hydrochloride, 14.5 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 40 ml of methanol was refluxed for 1 hr and concentrated. Water was added to the residue, adjusted to pH 2 with 10% hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and ether to give 3.92 g of colorless crystals, which were recrystallized from water to give 3.08 g of colorless prisms, mp 304.degree.-306.degree. C. (dec.).
Analysis for C.sub.24 H.sub.27 NO.sub.3.HCl: Calculated C, 69.64; H, 6.82; N, 3.38. Found C, 69.86; H, 6.62; N, 3.53.
The compounds of Example 26 to 39 were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 21 to 25.
EXAMPLE 26
4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetic acid hydrochloride
Pale brown needles, mp 162.degree.-165.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.22 H.sub.21 NO.sub.2.HCl.1/2H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 70.11; H, 6.15; N, 3.72. Found C,70.29; H, 6.23; N,3.51.
EXAMPLE 27
4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-.alpha.-methyl-1-piperidineacetic acid
Pale brown pillars, mp 184.degree.-186.degree. C. (MeOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.23 H.sub.23 NO.sub.2.H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 76.01; H, 6.93; N, 3.85. Found C, 76.11; H, 7.03; N, 3.87.
EXAMPLE 28
4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride
Pale yellow prisms, mp 237.degree.-239.degree. C. (H.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.24 H.sub.25 NO.sub.2.HCl.1/2 H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 71.19; H, 6.72; N, 3.46. Found C, 71.46; H, 6.82; N, 3.37.
EXAMPLE 29
4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride
Pale brown needles, mp 229.degree.-230.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.27 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 73.25; H, 6.88; N, 3.42. Found C, 73.25; H, 6.84; N, 3.30.
EXAMPLE 30
4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride
Pale brown prisms, mp 213.degree.-214.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.26 H.sub.29 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 73.66; H, 7.13; N, 3.30. Found C, 73.37; H, 7.25; N, 3.26.
EXAMPLE 31
4-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetic acid hydrochloride
Colorless crystals, mp 237.5.degree.-239.degree. C. (dec.) (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.22 H.sub.23 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 71.44; H, 6.54; N, 3.79. Found C, 71.17; H, 6.81; N, 3.80.
EXAMPLE 32
4-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionic acid
Colorless needles, mp 189.degree.-191.degree. C. (DMF-H.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.23 H.sub.25 NO.sub.2.5/2 H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 70.38; H, 7.7; N, 3.57. Found C, 70.7; H, 7.4; N, 3.63.
EXAMPLE 33
4-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 204.degree.-206.degree. C. (H.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.29 NO.sub.2.HCl.1/4 H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 72.1; H, 7.38; N, 3.36. Found C, 72.2; H, 7.19; N, 3.33.
EXAMPLE 34
2-[4-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidino]-ethoxyacetic acid
Colorless needles, mp 167.5.degree.-169.degree. C. (H.sub.2 O).
Mass spectrum m/z: 377 (M.sup.+).
IR spectrum .nu. (KBr) cm.sup.-1 : 1590 (COO.sup.-)
NMR spectrum .delta. (DMSO-d.sub.6) ppm: 2.24-3.04(12H,m),3.14-3.56(2H,m), 3.65(2H,t,J=5.5 Hz),3.89(2H,s),6.96-7.28(8H,m).
EXAMPLE 35
4-(Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 244.degree.-245.degree. C. (H.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.23 H.sub.25 NO.sub.3.HCl: Calculated C, 69.08; H, 6.55; N, 3.5. Found C, 69.09; H, 6.5; N, 3.42.
EXAMPLE 36
2-[4-(Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid hydrochloride
Pale yellow crystals, mp 223.degree.-224.degree. C. (MeOH-Me.sub.2 CO).
Analysis for C.sub.23 H.sub.25 NO.sub.4.HCl: Calculated C, 66.42; H, 6.30; N, 3.37. Found C, 66.25; H, 6.30; N, 3.41.
EXAMPLE 37
4-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride
Colorless needles, mp 215.degree.-219.degree. C. (EtOH).
Analysis for C.sub.26 H.sub.31 NO.sub.2.HCl: Calculated C, 73.31; H, 7.57; N, 3.29. Found C, 73.32; H, 7.70; N, 3.38.
EXAMPLE 38
4-(Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidineacetic acid
Colorless crystals, mp 132.degree.-135.degree. C. (H.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.21 H.sub.21 NO.sub.3.2H.sub.2 O: Calculated C, 67.91; H, 6.78; N, 3.77. Found C, 67.76; H, 6.58; N, 3.68.
EXAMPLE 39
4-(Dibenz[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-ylidene)-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride
Colorless crystals, mp 228.degree.-231.degree. C. (EtOH-Et.sub.2 O).
Analysis for C.sub.25 H.sub.29 NO.sub.3.HCl: Calculated C, 70.16; H, 7.07; N, 3.27. Found C, 70.12; H, 7.15; N, 3.26.
EXAMPLE 40
4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-piperidinepropionic acid
A mixture of 146 g of 4-(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine, 73.0 g of ethyl acrylate and 500 ml of methanol was refluxed for 1 hr and then 675 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hr and concentrated. Water was added to the residue and adjusted to pH 4 with hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was collected by filtration to give 200 g of colorless crystals, which were recrystallized from a mixture of water and N,N-dimethylformamide to give 198 g of colorless crystals. This compound was identified by comparing its mp, IR spectrum and NMR spectrum with those of the compound of Example 21.
EXAMPLE 41
Tablets of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents:
______________________________________Compound of the present invention 10 mgLactose q.s.Corn starch 34 mgMagnesium stearate 2 mgHydroxypropylmethylcellulose 8 mgPolyethyleneglycol 6000 0.5 mgTitanium oxide 0.5 mg 120 mg______________________________________
EXAMPLE 42
Capsules of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents:
______________________________________Compound of the present invention 10 mgLactose q.s.Calcium carboxymethylcellulose 15 mgHydroxypropylcellulose 2 mgMagnesium stearate 2 mg 100 mg______________________________________
EXAMPLE 43
Powders of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents:
______________________________________Compound of the present invention 20 mgLactose q.s.D-Mannitol 500 mgHydroxypropylcellulose 5 mgTalc 2 mg 1000 mg______________________________________
EXAMPLE 44
Injections of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents:
______________________________________Compound of the present invention 1 mgGlucose 50 mgHydrochloric acid q.s.Distilled water for injection q.s. 2 ml______________________________________
EXAMPLE 45
Suppositories of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents:
______________________________________Compound of the present invention 5 mgHard fat 1295 mg 1300 mg______________________________________
EXAMPLE 46
Plasters of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents:
______________________________________Compound of the present invention 10 mgGelatin 1100 mgPolyvinylalcohol 250 mgMethylcellulose 100 mgGlycerin 1500 mgKaolin 850 mgSodium polyacrylate 50 mgPolybutene 150 mgPurified water 990 mg 5000 mg______________________________________

Number	Date	Country	Kind
1-171090	Jul 1989	JPX
2-92194	Apr 1990	JPX

Number	Name	Date	Kind
3470188	Kaiser et al.	Sep 1969
4826853	Piwinski et al.	May 1989

Number	Date	Country
235173	Feb 1987	CSX
2256392	May 1973	DEX

Piperidine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same

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