The present application claims priority to corresponding EP Application No. 04024520.1, filed on Oct. 14, 2004, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a pitch drive system for a wind turbine, particularly to a pitch drive system which comprises a regulation drive for regulating the pitch of a rotor blade of the wind turbine during normal operation, and an emergency drive for pitching the rotor blade in case of emergency. The present invention further relates to wind turbines with pitch drive systems comprising both a regulation drive and an emergency drive.
Typically, modern wind turbines have rotor blades with adjustable pitch angle. The rotor blades can be rotated about their longitudinal axis by use of a pitch drive disposed in the rotor hub. Typically, the pitch drive is actuated electrically or hydraulically. By adjusting the pitch angles of the rotor blades, the power generation of the wind turbine can be controlled as well as an aerodynamical braking of the rotor can be accomplished. Particularly, the rotor blades generate a braking torque when moved into feather position. Thereby, the rotor blades ensure that the rotor is not further accelerated and, thus, the rotor blades form an aerodynamical brake for the wind turbine.
The aerodynamical brake effect of the rotor blades is also used for braking the rotor in case of emergency, e.g. when a failure of the drive system occurs or when the wind turbine is in an uncontrolled condition. Accordingly, it is very important that the emergency system works absolutely reliable even when the wind turbine is damaged or in an uncontrolled state, e.g. due to lightning. Especially, the pitch drive is required to function even in a power outage condition.
A redundant mechanical fallback system has been proposed in DE 197 20 025. Therein, the pitch drive is actuated by energy stored in springs which are coupled to the rotor blade via the same drive train as the electrical regulation drive. Thus, the structure of the drive train becomes very complicated.
As another solution to the problem of emergency backup, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for the pitch drive have been proposed, e.g. in chapter 8.4.6 of “Windturbines” by E. Hau, Springer-Verlag, 2000, pages 236 and 237. However, such an approach may fail when the electronics of the wind turbine is damaged, e.g., by lightning.
A further problem associated with the above prior art pitch drive systems is that failure in the electrical drive system leads to a shutdown of the wind turbine so that a yield loss occurs.
In DE 101 16 011, a pitch drive system is proposed which comprises more than one drive train for each rotor blade. However, each of the drive trains comprises an electric motor with battery backup for emergency. Accordingly, the pitch drive system of DE 101 16 011 is still fault-prone in cases where the electronics of the wind turbine is damaged, e.g., by lightning.
Embodiments of the present invention include a pitch drive system that overcomes the above mentioned problems associated with the prior art at least partly. Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention includes a wind turbine with an improved pitch drive system.
Embodiments of the present invention include a pitch drive system, a regulation drive and a wind turbine. Further aspects, advantages and features of the present invention are apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying drawings.
In the following, the terms control drive and regulation drive are used interchangeably. Also, the terms emergency drive and auxiliary drive are used interchangeably.
According to a first aspect of the present embodiment, a pitch drive system for a wind turbine is provided which has a control drive for controlling the pitch of a rotor blade of the wind turbine during normal operating conditions and an auxiliary drive for pitching the rotor blade to accomplish an emergency shutdown. The control drive as well as the auxiliary drive each comprise a drive section which are disjoint from each other.
The separation of the drive trains of the regulation drive and the emergency drive lowers the complexity of the individual drive train assembly. Furthermore, the pitch drive system can be designed in a modular manner which does not only facilitate the assembly of the system but does also increase the operational safety and reliability. Particularly, the risk that the emergency drive cannot operate due to a gear box failure of the regulation drive is eliminated. This reliability aspect is especially important for off-shore applications where maintenance is costly, complicated and scheduled at large intervals.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the emergency drive comprises at least one further drive train.
Thus is a further redundancy of the emergency drive provided so that the operational safety and reliability of the pitch drive system are further improved. Particularly, the separation of the emergency drive into two or more separate drive trains reduces the risk of a failure of the emergency drive because of enhanced redundancy. A further advantage of this embodiment is that a modular structure of the emergency drive can be established. For example, emergency drive modules providing a predetermined torque can be manufactured independently from the design of the wind turbine pitch drive. When dimensioning the emergency drive, a sufficient number of these modules is assembled to provide the required total torque to feather the rotor blade. Furthermore, more emergency drive modules than necessary can be assembled to provide redundancy so that sufficient torque is applied even in a case where one or more emergency drive modules fail.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a control drive for a pitch drive system is provided which comprises a pinion wheel for meshing with a toothed wheel, a gear box coupled to the pinion wheel, and at least two motors coupled to the gear box.
The regulation drive according to this aspect prevents a system shutdown when one of the motors fails since the other motor can still operate the regulation drive. Thus, the wind turbine can stay in operation and the yield is not reduced. Furthermore, the redundancy requirements for the regulation drive are not as high as for the emergency drive. Therefore, the small risk that a gear box failure occurs is acceptable for the regulation drive. The more important aspect with respect to the regulation drive is that the motors are coupled to the same gear box so that space is saved.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures wherein:
Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments of the present invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the figures. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, and is not meant as a limitation of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on or in conjunction with other embodiments to yield yet a further embodiment. It is intended that the present invention includes such modifications and variations.
The regulation drive 1 comprises an actuator 3, a gearbox 4 and a pinion wheel 5. Actuator 3 is coupled to gear box 4 and pinion wheel 5 engages with an internal toothing of internal gear 6. The actuator 3 is coupled to a power supply and a control unit (not shown) via servo amplifier 7. Typically, actuator 3 is an electric motor, e.g., an DC motor or a three-phase asynchronous motor. Also, the actuator 3 may comprise a hydraulic element.
The emergency drive 2 comprises an actuator 8, a gear box 9 and a pinion wheel 10. Actuator 8 is coupled to gear box 9 and pinion wheel 10 engages with the internal toothing of internal gear 6. Typically, actuator 8 is a mechanical energy storage, e.g. a spring storage. Also, actuator 8 may comprise a hydraulic pressure storage.
During normal operation, the pitch of a rotor blade coupled to gear 6 is controlled via regulation drive 1. To this end, a control signal is applied to servo amplifier 7 and motor 3 is supplied with power. The motor torque of motor 3 is applied to gear 6 via gear box 4 and pinion wheel 5. Thus, the rotor blade is rotated around its longitudinal axis.
When a case of emergency occurs and the electrical part of the pitch drive system fails, the mechanical energy stored in actuator 8 is released and torque is applied to gear 6 via gear box 9 and pinion wheel 10. Thus, the rotor blade is rotated around its longitudinal axis into feather position and the wind turbine is braked. Typically, the mechanical energy is stored in spring storages as they are described, e.g., in international patent application PCT/EP2004/008444 which is hereby incorporated by reference. Also, a hydraulic element may be used to store mechanical energy in form of hydraulic pressure.
Another embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to
Next, a second aspect of the present invention is described with reference to
An alternative embodiment similar to the one of
Due to the increased redundancy of the embodiments shown in
An alternative embodiment similar to the one of
Compared to the embodiments shown in
The same idea of modular design can be applied to the regulation drive 1 as it is shown in
Finally, a combination of the embodiments shown in
A specific embodiment of the present invention corresponding to the embodiment of
It should be understood that the pitch drive system according to any of the above described embodiments can be disposed inside or at least partially outside the rotor hub. Furthermore, it should be understood that also more than two separate drive trains can be provided in the regulation drive as well as in the emergency drive. Also, each of the emergency drive trains may comprise more than one or two mechanical energy storages. Moreover, each combination of the above embodiments is within the scope of the present invention. Especially, the pinion wheels may engage an internal toothing or an external toothing in each of those combinations.
Furthermore, a wind turbine having a pitch drive system according to any of the above described embodiments is provided according to another aspect of the present invention. Thus, wind turbine with a highly reliably, easy to maintain and easy to assemble pitch drive system is provided. Such a wind turbine is especially advantageous for off-shore applications.
Having thus described the invention in detail, it should be apparent for a person skilled in the art that various modifications can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
04024520 | Oct 2004 | EP | regional |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4348155 | Barnes et al. | Sep 1982 | A |
4462753 | Harner et al. | Jul 1984 | A |
6783326 | Weitkamp et al. | Aug 2004 | B2 |
7261517 | Uphues et al. | Aug 2007 | B2 |
20040052635 | Wobben | Mar 2004 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
37 22 022 | Sep 1988 | DE |
197 20 025 | May 1997 | DE |
101 16 011 | Mar 2001 | DE |
1 286 048 | Feb 2003 | EP |
1 647 708 | Apr 2006 | EP |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20060083615 A1 | Apr 2006 | US |