The present invention relates to a planar antenna carried by a substrate comprising a slot in the form of a closed curve dimensioned to operate at a given frequency, supplied by a feeder line intersecting the slot at a point known as an excitation point.
Such antennas are suitable for local wireless networks. Classically, the slot, for example annular, is excited by electromagnetic coupling to a microstrip line according to KNORR dimensioning rules.
With such an excitation, the impedance in the electrical plane corresponding to the excitation point typically lies between 300 and 400 Ohms depending on the parameters of the substrate and the slot. Hence, this type of supply requires an impedance transformer to reduce the impedance for an adaptation at 50 Ohms or at more common impedance values. This impedance transformation, for example on a quarter wave basis, is cumbersome, generates line loss and leads to a reduction in bandwidth.
Moreover, with this type of excitation, the polarization is linear and its direction is imposed by the excitation point. It is therefore necessary to change the excitation point to modify the polarization direction.
This invention proposes a planar antenna that can vary the impedance at the excitation point and/or modify the polarization direction.
The present invention relates to an antenna such that at least two short circuits in parallel on the slot are positioned with respect to an excitation point so as to match the impedance at the excitation point and/or the polarization of the antenna.
Indeed, according to the invention, it is noted that selecting the relative position of the feeder line and of two short circuits placed on the slot allows the impedance value at the excitation point of the slot to be modified and/or the polarization direction of an antenna to be modified.
In a first embodiment, the short circuits remain fixed and the position of the excitation point is modified to match the impedance to the excitation point.
Indeed, it is noted that changing the position of the excitation point enables the impedance at the excitation point to be modified. When the short circuits are fixed, it is also noted that the modification of the impedance does not modify the polarization of the antenna. In fact, it is the short circuits that impose the polarization.
In a second embodiment, the excitation point remains fixed and the positions of the short circuits are modified to change the polarisation.
In this case, the polarization of the antenna can be modified. However, it should be noted that this generally causes a modification of the impedance at the excitation point.
In a specific embodiment, the slot presenting an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the plane on which it is located four short circuits arranged, around the axis, at 90° from each other on the slot, are activated by pairs of diametrically opposed short circuits, to provide the antenna with two separate polarizations.
Advantageously, the feeder line is then positioned at 45° from one of the short circuits.
Indeed, in this case, the impedance is the same for both polarizations, not requiring an additional impedance transformer.
In one embodiment, the slot presenting an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the plane on which it is located, the two short circuits are geometrically opposite on the slot with respect to this axis, thus defining a short circuit plane.
According to the invention, the slot can be annular or square or rectangular or polygonal and the short circuits can be created by means of switching devices, for example diodes.
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a planar antenna comprising the step of positioning at least two short circuits (SC) in parallel on the slot (F), the position with respect to the excitation point (E) of the short circuits being selected so as to match the impedance to the excitation point (E) and/or the polarization of the antenna.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge on reading the description of different embodiments, the description being made with reference to the annexed drawings wherein:
a and 2b show the orientation of the polarization, respectively in an antenna according to the invention and in an antenna according to prior art.
a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e show various excitation point positions of the slot with respect to the short circuits.
a and 10b show the radiation patterns for both configurations of the antenna in
It is known that the coupling conditions are optimal in such antennas when the line is perpendicular to the plane defined by the short circuits, as in this case the physical short circuits coincide with the short circuits induced by the line. In
The moving of the feeder line, for example, simply carried out by a plurality of feeder lines arranged around one of the semi-circles of the slot F and activated if necessary when the impedance is required to be modified.
The invention can also be implemented for applications where the required impedance is fixed and where, a single line is consequently arranged with an angle θ adapted according to the required impedance.
According to the invention, the coupling conditions between the slot and the line are therefore degraded with respect to the optimal conditions. However, the coupling equation C=E ^ H is not null as long as the excitation point is not on an imposed short circuit point of the slot. Indeed, the field E results from the configuration of slot F and the field H results from the configuration of the line L. By moving the line L by an angle θ, the value of C is therefore reduced without cancelling it out and enables the impedance to be matched. It is thus possible to have variable impedances on the excited half-ring according to the position of the excitation point. The maximum of this impedance is encountered when the coupling conditions are maximum, namely, when the line is placed in the middle of the half-ring.
The field distribution in the half-rings is imposed by the short circuits.
Hence, the use of at least two short circuits on the slot enables the slot to impose the polarization. Indeed, contrary to what happens for a standard slot not comprising any short circuit or comprising a single short circuit, the direction of linear polarization does not turn according to the position of the excitation point and is imposed by the short circuits. The polarization is therefore perpendicular to the plane of the short circuits, wherever the excitation point is located.
In practice, these antennas are simulated with a dimensioning to operate at 5.8 GHz on a dielectric substrate of type Rogers4003 (Er=3.38, h=0.81 mm). The perimeter of the annular slot must be in the order of the guided wavelength in the slot (Ls) namely a radius of 6.65 mm.
The impedances of the different antenna are shown in
A specific embodiment has been more specifically studied. In this embodiment shown in
The short circuits are implemented using diodes, for example. The diodes can advantageously operate in diametrically opposed pairs.
A first polarization state corresponding to a first configuration in which the diodes D1 and D3 are non-conducting, and diodes D2 and D4 conducting. The polarization is then horizontal as shown in the radiation pattern of
Conversely, the second polarization state corresponds to a second configuration in which the diodes D1 and D3 are conducting, and diodes D2 and D4 non-conducting. The polarization is then vertical as shown in the radiation pattern of
The description proposed here only comprised two pairs of diodes but the invention enables an antenna with polarization diversity in the order of n to be realized, n being the number of short circuit planes imposed in the slot.
Hence, the invention can obtain antennas enabling direct matching for any impedance. This means that the antenna is more compact since no impedance transformer is required, that the bandwidth is wider and that the structure presents reduced line loss.
The invention also enables polarization diversity antenna structures to be obtained. The polarization can be permutated by modifying the short circuit positions without changing the excitation point.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiments described and those skilled in the art will recognise the existence of diverse variants of embodiments as for example the use of other forms of closed curve slot (squares, polygonals, etc.), the use of diverse slot feed technologies (microstrip, tri-plate, coplanar and co-axial feed technology, etc.), the use of diverse active elements for switching from one state to another (diodes, transistors, MEMs, etc.), the use of the slot in its fundamental mode or higher order modes, the use of a plurality of short circuits not necessarily placed so as to define a diametrical short circuit plane, short circuit pair plane, etc.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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04 52948 | Dec 2004 | FR | national |
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2977595 | Zisler et al. | Mar 1961 | A |
7227507 | Minard et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
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1 367 673 | Dec 2003 | EP |
1 546 571 | May 1979 | GB |
1 775 757 | Nov 1992 | RU |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20060152425 A1 | Jul 2006 | US |