Patent Application
20070042859
This application is a national stage completion of PCT/EP2004/005329 filed May 18, 2004 which claims priority from German Application Serial No. 103 23 254.0 filed May 23, 2003.
The invention concerns a planetary gear.
Commercial vehicles with a large number of gear ratios frequently exhibit a speed range gear which is connected to the principal gear with its gear ratios. By means of a speed range gear, the overall multiplication factor of the principal gear can be increased, because all of the gear ratios of the principal gear can be used together with each gear ratio of the speed range gear, and in at least one gear ratio of the speed range gear, the multiplication factor of the gear ratios of the principal gear can be reduced and/or increased.
A speed range gear for automobiles has been disclosed, by way of example, in DE 41 21 709 A1. A planetary gear of this type, installed downstream of the principal gear, provides the possibility of operating the automobile in two different speed ranges for each of the gear ratios of its principal gear. In a first slowed-down gear ratio level of the speed range gear, the annulus of the planetary gear is coupled to the gearbox by means of a switching clutch, so that the output shaft of the speed range gear exhibits a lower revolution speed than the output shaft of the principal gear. In a second gear ratio level, direct transmission takes place from the output shaft of the principal gear to the output shaft of the speed range gear, whereby the direct connection between the output shaft of the principal gear and the output shaft of the speed range [gear] is created by means of a switching clutch. The switching device is extremely complex.
DE 198 51 895 A1 describes an additional speed range gear in the form of a planetary gear. In that publication, the annulus of the planetary gear is connected in a torque-proof manner to the gearbox. The sun gear of the planetary gear is arranged coaxially to the output shaft of the main gear and is freely rotatable relative to the output shaft of the principal gear. In order to create a reduction ratio between the output shaft of the principal gear at the output shaft of the speed range gear, the sun gear can be connected in a torque-proof manner to the output shaft of the principal gear. This planetary gear is also complex and problematic for the mounting of individual components.
The invention is based on the task of improving a planetary gear and especially the component mounting.
A planetary gear which includes an annulus, a sun gear and a planet gear carrier with planet wheel axle, on which at least one planet wheel is mounted, exhibits a switching device with a sliding collar, which, in one switching position, enables a direct connection between the shaft, which drives the planetary gear and an output shaft of the planetary gear and, in another switching position, enables modification of the revolution speed between the driving shaft and the output shaft of the planetary gear. To improve the mounting and reduce friction losses, the planet wheel axle is arranged rotatably in a bearing assembly in the planet gear carrier.
In an especially advantageous embodiment, the planet wheel is arranged rotatably in a bearing assembly on the rotatable planet wheel axle.
Preferably, the mounting of the planet wheel axle in the planet gear carrier represents a different type of bearing assembly than the mounting of the planet wheel on the planet wheel axle. In this regard, in a preferred embodiment, the planet wheel axle is mounted in the planet gear carrier by means of a friction bearing assembly, and the planet wheel is mounted on the planet wheel axle by means of a roller bearing assembly. In another, also preferred embodiment, the planet wheel axle is mounted in the planet gear carrier by means of a roller bearing assembly, and the planet wheel is mounted on the planet wheel axle by means of a friction bearing assembly. In this context, the planet wheel axle may exhibit oil supply devices which are connected to a gear oil supply.
It is advantageous to have a device which is exhibited by the planet gear carrier and which prevents axial displacement of the planet wheel axle in the planet gear carrier.
In a specific embodiment, the switching device exhibits a neutral position which lies between the two switching positions and in which the output shaft of the planetary gear is not driven.
Both the annulus and the sun gear may exhibit pressure pads which rest against the planet wheel. Preferably, the roller bearing assembly includes a multiple row bearing.
The form of the invention is considered particularly advantageous when the planetary gear represents a speed range gear of a vehicle transmission, formed in such a way as to be connected, by means of a torque-transferring drive train, to a principal gear, so that the output shaft of the principal gear forms the drive shaft of the planetary gear.
The invention may be used in an equally advantageous manner with a principal gear which includes two secondary shafts and a principal shaft mounted in a floating manner between the secondary shafts, so that the principal shaft serves as the output shaft of the principal gear and forms the drive shaft of the planetary gear, and the end of the principal shaft is mounted in the sun wheel of the planetary gear.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
A manual transmission 2 for a vehicle exhibits, within a gearbox 4, a principal gear 6 and a speed range gear in the form of a planetary gear 8, connected to the principal gear 6. The planetary gear 8 includes a planet gear carrier 10, which is implemented as a common component with an output shaft 12 of the manual transmission 2. An output flange 14 is fastened to the output shaft 12, and the output shaft 12 is mounted in a bearing assembly 16 in the gearbox 4. The planet gear carrier 10 exhibits a plurality of planet wheel axles 18, distributed around the circumference thereof, whereby one of said planet wheel axles 18 is shown. A planet wheel 20 is mounted on the planet wheel axle 18 in a roller bearing assembly 22. Typically, three or five planet wheels 20 are distributed around the circumference of the planet gear carrier 10. The roller bearing assembly 22 consists of a two-row cylinder roller bearing or needle bearing. The planet wheel 20 is surrounded on the outside by an annulus 24, which exhibits a tooth system 26, which can engage with a tooth system 28 on the gearbox 4.
The planet gear carrier 10, on the side of the planetary gear 8 lying opposite the output shaft 12, exhibits an extension 36, on which the planet gear carrier 10 is mounted in the gearbox 4 by means of a roller bearing 38. A secondary shaft 30 of the principal gear 6 is mounted by means of a bearing assembly 32, and another secondary shaft 40 of the principal gear 6 is mounted by means of a bearing assembly 42, in the gearbox 4. A principal shaft 44 of the principal gear 6, at the end thereof, bears a gear wheel 46 of the reverse gear ratio. The gear wheel 46 is located on the principal shaft 44 with a small degree of radial play, which is typical of a manual transmission with a power split on two secondary shafts. Provided at the end of the principal shaft 44 according to
Arranged on the sun wheel 52 are two pressure pads 56 and 58, which prevent an axial movement of the planet wheel 20 relative to the sun wheel 52, but allow the planet wheel 20 to rest on the pressure pads in order to take up an axially directed force which results from the oblique toothing of the planetary gear 8. Two additional pressure pads 60 and 62 are arranged radially inside the annulus 24 and similarly allow the planet wheel 20 to rest against them. The two pressure pads 60 and 62 prevent an axial movement of the planet wheel 20 relative to the annulus 24.
A sliding collar 66 exhibits a first internal tooth system as a switching tooth system 68, which engages with a switching tooth system 70 on the sun wheel 52 and forms a torque-proof connection between the sliding collar 66 and the sun wheel 52 (
In order to create an optionally torque-proof connection between the principal shaft 44 and the planet gear carrier 10, so as to form a direct connection between the principal gear 6 and the output shaft 12 without changing the revolution speed, the sliding collar 66 exhibits a switching tooth system 76, which can engage with a switching tooth system 78 on the extension 36 of the planet gear carrier 10.
The top half of the planetary gear 8 in both
Between the two switching positions shown in each Figure, a neutral position is possible.
In
In the switching position of the sliding collar 66, in which the switching tooth systems 68 and 70 engage with each other, the planetary gear 8 is subject to a high load. Through the use of two different kinds of bearing assemblies, according to the invention, this load can be reduced. The planet wheel 20, which is driven by the sun wheel 52, creates only a small amount of friction in the roller bearing assembly 22 in this switching position. In the friction bearing assembly 80, 82, there is no difference in revolution speed between neighboring parts.
In the other switching position of the sliding collar 66, in which the switching tooth systems 76 and 78 engage with each other, the planetary gear 8 is practically load-free. The roller bearing assembly 22 is subject to a high degree of friction, whereas the friction bearing assembly 80, 82 enables load-free gliding.
The arrangement according to the invention forms a claw-shaped switching device for a planetary gear which is arranged on the principal shaft of the gear. The switching of the rapid transmission ratio of the speed range gear, in direct connection, is practically load-free. Because the annulus is connected directly to the gearbox, there is no need for a support plate with a switching tooth system. Forces conducted by means of the output shaft can be borne in the annulus which is fastened to the gearbox, whereby an additional bearing assembly for the planet gear carrier can also be omitted.
Basically, the switching device according to the invention is suitable both for manual transmissions with one secondary shaft and for manual transmissions with a power split onto a plurality of secondary shafts.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 103 23 254.0 | May 2003 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP04/05329 | 5/18/2004 | WO | 11/21/2005 |
