Patent Application
20170099788
This invention relates to plant cultivation materials and plant cultivation methods using the materials.
To date, a large number of plant cultivation methods to accelerate the plant growth such as the methods utilizing superabsorbent polymers represented by crosslinked sodium polyacrylate gels (Patent Literature 1), foamable resins represented by polyvinyl alcohols, polyurethanes and polystyrenes (Patent Literature 2), and breathable films and porous films represented by non-woven fabrics, or multi films (Patent Literature 3 and Patent Literature 4) have been reported.
But the cases that the amount of water or a nutrient solution required depending on the plant growth cannot be supplied have been observed in the cultivation method utilizing superabsorbent polymers, the cases that the air necessary for the plant growth cannot be sufficiently supplied have been observed in the cultivation method utilizing formable resins, and the cases that the amount of water or a nutrient solution necessary for the plant growth cannot be retained and therefore stably supplied to plants have been observed in the cultivation method utilizing breathable films or porous films.
A cultivation method utilizing ceramics (Patent Literature 5) was discovered in order to solve the aforementioned problems. But the capability of this method to supply to plants the amount of water or a nutrient solution necessary for the plant growth has been still insufficient, and thus, no plant cultivation environment for plants to absorb the amounts of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want has not been provided yet.
The challenge to be solved by this invention is to provide plant cultivation materials suitable to make a plant cultivation environment in which plants can absorb the amount of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want in order to accelerate the plant growth and a plant cultivation methods using these materials.
As a result of intensive studies to solve the aforementioned challenge, the inventors have discovered that the materials having the liquid retentivity and the liquid transitivity, and comprising a structure capable to provide the environment suitable for the plant respiration for the plant growth can accelerate the plant growth, since plants can absorb, from the materials, the amount of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plant want whenever plants want.
This invention to solve the aforementioned challenge is as follows:
(1) A plant cultivation material, from which plants can absorb the amount of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want, and which provides a cultivation environment to accelerate the plant growth.
(2) A plant cultivation material, which has the liquid retentivity and the liquid transitivity, from which plants can absorb the amount of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want, and which provides the cultivation environment to accelerate the plant growth.
(3) A plant cultivation material, which is capable to retain water, a nutrient solution and/or the liquid dissolving agrochemical products (which is described as “Liquid” hereinafter), which has the cavities for the smooth transitivity of Liquid, from which plants can absorb the amounts of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want, and which provides the cultivation environment to accelerate the plant growth.
(4) A plant cultivation material, which is capable to retain water a nutrient solution and/or the liquid dissolving agrochemical products, which has the cavities for the smooth transitivity of Liquid, which comprises the layered structure capable to control the root growth, from which plants can absorb the amount of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want, and which provides the cultivation environment to accelerate the plant growth.
(5) A plant cultivation material, which is capable to retain water, a nutrient solution and/or the liquid dissolving agrochemical products, which has the cavities for the smooth transitivity of Liquid, which comprises the layered structure capable to control the root growth so that roots can respire sufficient air, from which plants can absorb the amounts of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want, and which provides the cultivation environment to accelerate the plant growth.
(6) A plant cultivation method using the plant cultivation materials according to any one of (1) to (5).
The plant growth is made accelerated, the crop yield and the quality are made higher, and the supply of the elements necessary for the plant growth can be controlled to the minimum required, since plants can absorb the amounts of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want by utilizing the plant cultivation materials and the plant cultivation methods using the materials of this invention.
Hereinafter, this invention will be described in detail.
This invention provides the plant cultivation materials which have the liquid retentivity and the liquid transitivity for plants to absorb the amounts of the elements necessary for the plant growth as much as plants want whenever plants want and which comprise a structure capable to provide the environment suitable for plant respiration (which is described as “Materials” hereinafter) and the plant cultivation methods using Materials.
The term “Materials” indicates the materials described as any one of (1) to (6), for example, the materials that comprise only one of materials or the materials at any given ratio mixed with two or more of the materials which are synthetic pulps produced from polyolefins such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes, natural pulps, and/or polyesters and so on. Examples of the synthetic pulps include those described in Japanese Patent No. 3913421 or Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-077519 or those produced by the method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1260/1978, but are not limited thereto. For example, the materials formed into mono-layered or multi-layered sheet and/or something like this by using a slurry prepared only by one of the materials or at any given ratio mixed with two or more of materials which are synthetic pulps, natural pulps, polyesters and so on can be used.
Hereinafter, the terms used in the embodiments of this invention will be described.
The term “plant(s)” is used herein to mean various plants including plants of Malveceae such as cotton, plants of Chenopodiaceae such as sugar beet, plants of Brassicaceae such as rapeseed and cabbage, plants of Poaceae such as corn, wheat and rice, plants of Cucurbitaceae such as cucumber and pumpkin, plants of Asteraceae such as lettuce and safflower, plants of Apiaceae such as carrot, plants of Euphorbiaceae such as castor bean and cassava, plants of Solanaceae such as eggplant and tomato, plants of Rosaceae such as strawberry and apple, plants of Fabaceae such as soybean, and plants of Rutaceae such as orange and lemon, but are not limited thereto.
The term “seed(s)” is used herein to mean the disseminules produced by the sexual reproduction of spermatophytes, which contain therein the embryos that are young plants growing from fertilized eggs, and also used to mean the artificial seeds which are the adventive embryos obtained by tissue cultures and embedded with gelatins, resins or something like those.
The term “seedling” is used herein to mean the plant bodies having roots, stems and leaves, or the fragments of the plant bodies that are lack of one or two of roots, stems and/or leaves and able to be regenerated to complete plant bodies by curing.
The term “cultivation” is used herein to mean to artificially grow plants in any stage from the seeding stage to the maturation stage thereof. For example, it is used to mean to artificially grow plants over the entire or in a partial period from the seeding stage to the maturation stage and in each following stage or in the stages by the combination of two or more of the following stages:
(1) From the seeding stage to the maturation stage;
(2) From nursery plants to the maturation stage;
(3) From seeds to nursery plants;
(4) From the stage when plants are cultivated in the other places through the nursery plants before the desired maturation to the desired maturation stage.
(5) From nursery plants to the stage before the desired maturation (Plants are cultivated in the other places after the stage before the desired maturation to the desired maturation stage.)
The cultivation until the maturation stage includes the maturation stage in which the desired plant bodies or one of parts of fruits, flowers, leaves, buds, branches, stems, roots and bulbs of the plant bodies are at least made available to be harvested, or in which seeds or nursery plants are made available to be harvested from the plant bodies.
The term “germination” is used herein to mean that leaves, stems and/or roots and so on are growing from the inside or the surface of seeds, bulblets, bulb, and so on.
The term “acceleration” is used herein to mean the superior plant growth to those by conventional technologies, for example, faster growing, higher germination rate, higher survival rate, larger amount of plant bodies, higher crop yield, higher quality such as higher sugar content and so on.
The term “elements necessary for the plant growth” is used herein to mean the elements essential for the plant growth such as water, fertilizers and air, and the elements required to control insects and/or diseases harmful to the plant growth such as agrochemical products. But the elements are not limited thereto. (These elements are described as “Element(s)” hereinafter.)
(Absorb as Much as Plants want Whenever Plants want)
The term “absorb as much as plants want whenever plants want” is used herein to mean that plants absorbing Elements as much as plants want whenever plants want, that is, absorbing Elements depends on the plants themselves.
The term “liquid retentivity” is used herein to mean the property to retain the liquid containing Elements in Materials. The preferable retention rate is 30% or more and 95% or less as a liquid content (by weight) in Materials containing the liquid, and the more preferable retention rate is 40% or more, and 80% or less.
(Liquid Transitivity) The term “liquid transitivity” is used herein to mean the property to easily transfer the liquid containing Elements in Materials. The preferable transfer rate is 0.01 mL/h or more per 1 cm3 of Materials, and the more preferable transfer rate is 0.1 mL/h or more per 1 cm3 of Materials.
The term “fertilizers” is used herein to mean the nutrients essential for the plant growth, and used to mean the nutrients containing at least one of three fertilizer elements which consist of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, and being liquid forms or the liquid prepared by dissolving solid fertilizers in water (including emulsion-forms, suspension-forms and so on), (which is described as a “Nutrient Solutions” hereinafter).
The examples of Nutrient Solutions are nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, urea, lime nitrogen and potassium nitrate, phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate of lime, double or triple superphosphate and fused phosphate, potash fertilizers such as potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, chemical fertilizers such as mono-fertilizers, a chemical fertilizer and mixed fertilizers, calcareous fertilizers such as burnt lime, slaked lime and calcium carbonate fertilizers, silicate fertilizers such as slag silicate fertilizers, manganese fertilizers such as manganese sulfate fertilizers and slag manganese fertilizers, boric acid fertilizers such as borate fertilizers, trace element composite fertilizers such as fused trace element composite fertilizers, and mixed fertilizers which are the mixtures of the aforementioned fertilizers or the mixtures with the following agrochemical products, but not limited thereto. One, or two or more selected from the aforementioned fertilizers can be used as the ingredient(s) of Nutrient Solutions as desired.
The term “agrochemical products” is used herein to mean the agents required to control insects and/or diseases harmful to the plant growth, and used to mean the liquid forms or the liquid prepared by dissolving solid agrochemical products in water (including emulsion-forms, suspension-forms and so on).
The agrochemical products include insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators, which types are single formulated products and mixed formulated products. The single formulated products mean the agrochemical products containing single active ingredient and the mixed formulated products mean the agrochemical products arbitrarily mixed with two or more active ingredients of insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides and herbicides described below, but are not limited thereto.
The examples of the active ingredients of insecticides, acaricides or nematicides are organophosphates such as acephate and fenitrothion, carbamates such as methomyl and benfuracarb, pyrazoles such as fipronil, neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and dinotefuran, natural products such as milbemectin and spinosad, and the other active ingredients of insecticides, acaricides or nematicides having systemic or water soluble properties such as chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, but are not limited thereto.
The examples of the active ingredients of fungicides are carbamates such as thiuram and mancozeb, strobilurins such as azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl, azoles such as triflumizole, tebuconazole and simeconazole, natural products such as kasugamycin and streptomycin, and the other active ingredients of fungicides having systemic or water soluble properties, but are not limited thereto.
The examples of the active ingredients of herbicides or a plant growth regulators are phosphates such as glyphosate and glufosinate, sulfonylureas such as thifensulfuron methyl, inorganics such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, triketones such as sulcotrione and mesotrione, pyrazolates such as pyrazolate and pyrasulfotole, triazolones such as sulfentrazone and amicarbazone, isoxazoles such as isoxachlortole, natural products such as cytokinin and gibberellin, and the other active ingredients of herbicides or plant growth regulators having systemic or water soluble properties, but are not limited thereto.
Additionally, the term “systemic property” is used herein to mean the property that the agrochemical products are absorbed from the roots, stems or leaves of the plants and then transferred into the plant bodies.
The term “cavities” is used herein to mean the spaces through which the liquid containing Elements is transferred in Materials, whose size for seeds not to fall down, and which have the liquid transitivity caused by surface tension and capillary action inside of the cavities. In particular, it is preferable that 10 μmφ or less of cavities occupy 50% or more (relative to volume) of the total cavities existing in Materials, and it is more preferable that 10 μmφ or less of the cavities occupy 90% or more (relative to volume) of the total cavities existing in Materials.
The term “control of root growth” is used herein to mean the methods to allow the plant roots to grow in a state suitable for the plant growth inside or outside of Materials and to create the environment of the roots by which plants can absorb Elements as much as plants want whenever plants want. This is caused by the layered structure of Materials.
The term “layered structure” is used herein to mean a three-dimensional structure formed by laminating a planar structure on the other planar structure(s) in a layer thickness direction (a direction that intersects to a planar structure consisting of each layer), wherein, the planar structures are formed by continuously or discontinuously intertwining the materials constituting Materials in a two-dimensional manner. The preferable thickness of each layer is 0.01 mm or more, and the more preferable thickness is 0.1 mm or more. The preferable number of layers is two or more. The preferable thickness of Materials as a whole is 5,000 m or less, and the more preferable thickness is 500 m or less.
According to the plant cultivation methods using Materials, plants can be cultivated over any given stages ranging from seeding to the maturation stage using Materials that can supply to plants the elements necessary for the plant growth. Such any given stages ranging from seeding to the maturation stage are as described in the aforesection “Cultivation”.
The shape and the size of Materials are not particularly limited, but can be selected as appropriate depending on the plant growth to keep the plant growth direction and the root swelling better until the maturation stage of the target plants. For example, Materials can be used in various shapes such as sheet-forms, mat-forms, cube-forms and/or cuboid-forms, and column-forms, at least to ensure the surface of Materials for seeding and the parts of Materials for the root growth.
The places on which Materials are put can be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose of plant cultivation. For example, Materials are put in the container depending on the cultivation purposes, and then, plants can be cultivated until the maturation stage thereof after seeding on Materials under the condition available to supply to plants the elements necessary for the plant growth.
The elements necessary for the plant growth can be supplied to Materials put in the containers by several methods such as the method of transferring the elements filled in the containers to Materials, the method of using the elements previously filled in Materials and the method by the parallel use of these methods.
For example, Elements can be supplied to the plants by Liquid penetrable in Materials being filled in the container, by Materials being contacted with Liquid, and by Liquid being penetrated in Materials. Liquid is available to be replenished the containers with when required, and able to be replenished the container with continuously or at intervals.
As schematically shown in
As shown in
The places on which the containers are put can be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose of plant cultivation, for example, in natural environments such as in the soils, cultivation chambers, houses, cultivation facilities and the others in which the cultivation conditions such as temperature and/or humidity and be controlled.
This invention will be specifically described by the following working examples. But these examples are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 80 mm×100 mm×65 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of water poured into a cultivation case. Wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp in order to observe the growth. The result of the growth is shown in Table 1.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 80 mm×100 mm×65 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case. Wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp in order to observe the growth and to measure the amount of the nutrient solution consumed during the growth. The results of the growth and the amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Table 3.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 300 mm×360 mm×100 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 4) poured into a cultivation case. Grape tomato seeds were put on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp in order to observe the growth and to measure the sugar content of fruitive grave tomato pulp by a hand-held refractometer IATC-1E (Brix: 0% to 32%) manufactured by Iuchi Seieido Co., Ltd. The results of the growth and the sugar content are shown in Table 5.
Leaf lettuce, rapeseed, myosotis, corn poppy, prunus sargentii, camphor laurel, silk tree, nigella, coriander, soybeans and red perilla were seeded by the similar method to that described in Example 2 in order to observe each plant growth and to measure each amount of the nutrient solution consumed during each growth. The results of each growth and each amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Tables 6 to 16.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 65 mm×65 mm×95 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case. Dianthus seeds were put on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp in order to observe the growth. The result of the growth is shown in Table 17.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 500 mm×340 mm×150 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 18) poured into a cultivation case. After a hole with a size sufficient to receive a seed therein was made on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, a corn seed was then put in the hole in order to observe the growth until fruition. The result of the growth is shown in Table 19.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 260 mm×110 mm×150 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 18) poured into a cultivation case. After a hole with a size sufficient to receive a seed therein was made on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, a paddy rice (Nihonbare) seed was then put in the hole in order to observe the growth until the maturation stage. The result of the growth is shown in Table 20.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 500 mm×340 mm×150 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 18) poured into a cultivation case. After a hole with a size sufficient to receive a seed therein was made on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, a sorghum seed was then put in the hole in order to observe the growth until fruition. The result of the growth is shown in Table 21.
Cotton and rapeseed were seeded by the similar method to that described in Example 18 in order to observe each plant growth. The results of each growth are shown in Tables 22 and 23.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 400 mm×200 mm×5 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 18) poured into a cultivation case. Kentucky bluegrass seeds were put on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp in order to observe the growth. The result of the growth is shown in Table 24.
Synthetic paper manufactured by mixing natural pulp with synthetic pulp was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 80 mm×100 mm×65 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case. Wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the synthetic paper in order to observe the growth and to measure the amount of the nutrient solution consumed during the growth. The results of the growth and the amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Table 25.
Natural pulp paper manufactured by processing natural pulp was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 80 mm×100 mm×65 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case. Wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the natural paper in order to observe the growth and to measure the amount of the nutrient solution consumed during the growth. The results of the growth and the amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Table 26.
Polyester paper manufactured by mixing polyester with natural pulp was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 80 mm×100 mm×65 mm (in height), and the cuboid was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured in a cultivation case. Wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the polyester paper in order to observe the growth and to measure the amount of the nutrient solution consumed during the growth. The results of the growth and the amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Table 27.
Plants that can be cultivated by the similar methods to those described in Examples 1, 2 and 16 are shown in Table 28. But the examples of the plants are not limited thereto.
Gossypium
Hibiscus
H. cannabinus
Hibiscus
Abelmoschus
A. esculentus
Spinacia
S. oleracea
Beta
B. vulgaris
Gardenia
G. jasminoides
Coffea
Brassica
B. napus
B. oleracea
rapa
Raphanus
R. sativus
Brassica
B. juncea
Crocus
Crocus
Zea
Z. mays
Oryza
O. sativa
Sorghum
S. bicolor
Sorghum
Triticum
Hordeum
H. vulgare
Zoysia
Zoysia
Eleutherococcus
Schefflera
S. arbolicola
Schefflera
Panax
P. ginseng
Cucumis
C. melo
C. sativus
Cucurbita
Toxicodendron
T. vernicifluum
Mangifera
M. indica
Diospiros
D. kaki
Averrhoa
A. carambola
Lactuca
L. sativa
Chrysanthemum
C. morifolium
Glebionis
G. coronarium
Carthamus
C. tinctorius
Helianthus
H. annuus
Zinnia
Zinnia Elegans
Catharanthus
C. roseus
Nigella
Aconitum
Coptis
C. japonica
Coptis
Cinnamomum
C. camphora
C. zeylanicum
Ficus
F. carica
F. elastica
Papaver
P. somniferum
P. rhoeas
Strelitzia
Piper
P. nigrum
Amorphophallus
A. konjac
Amorphophallus
Konjac
Colocasia
C. esculenta
Perilla
P. frutescens
Ocimum
O. basilicum
Zingiber
Z. officinale
Curcuma
C. longa
Bupleurum
B. stenophyllum
Bupleurum
Scorzonerifolium
Apium
A. graveolens
Daucus
D. carota
Coriandrum
C. sativum
Azadirachta
A. indica
Fagopyrum
F. esculentum
Rheum
Vaccinium
Cyanococcus
Pieris
P. japonica
Passiflora
edulis
Ricinus
R. communis
Manihot
M. esculenta
Hevea
H. brasiliensis
Eucommia
E. ulmoides
Eucommia
Ulmoides Oliver
Solanum
melongena
S. tuberosum
S. lycopersicum
Nicotiana
N. tabacum
Datura
D. metel
Dianthus
D. caryophyllus
D. supperbus
Dianthus
Allium
A. cepa
Albizia
A. julibrissin
Acacia
Musa
Amygdalus
A. persica
Fragaria
Malus
M. pumila
Pyrus
P. communis
P. pyrifolia
Prunus
P. mume
P. dulcis
Ananas
A. comosus
Carica
P. papaya
Papaya
Allium
A. cepa
Allium
A. sativum
Ipomoea
I. batatas
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus
Vitis
Quercus
Q. acutissima
Q. suber
Castanea
C. crenata
Paeonia
P. lactiflora
Ephedra
E. sinica
Ephedra Sinica
Actinidia
A. chinensis
Pisum
P. sativum
Glycine
G. max
Poncirus
P. trifoliata
Citrus
C. unshiu
Citrus Unshiu
C. sinensis
C. limon
Myosotis
M. scorpioides
Nandina
N. domestica
Olea
O. europaea
Jasminum
Phoenix
P. dactylifera
Salix
Populus
P. nigra
Dioscorea
D. japonica
Hydrangea
H. serrata
Asparagus
Asparagus
Lilium
Liriope
L muscari
Liriope
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cube with a size of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm (in height), and the cube was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 18) poured into a cultivation case. After a hole with a size of 20 mm×20 mm×10 mm (in depth) was made on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, a broad bean seed was put in the hole (seeding on May 31, 2012). Twenty two days after the seeding, when the plant grew up to approximately 200 mm in height, Aphis craccivora was released to the plant. Seven days after the insect release, an aqueous solution dissolved with 10 mg of dinotefuran (manufactured by MITSUI CHEMICALS AGRO, INC.; an insecticide classified in neonicotinoids) in 1,000 mL of the nutrient solution was prepared, and the solution was then inserted to the synthetic pulp by a syringe. The number of Aphis craccivora surviving in four days after the insertion of the solution to the synthetic pulp was compared with the number of Aphis craccivora before the insertion of the solution in order to check the efficacy of dinotefuran against Aphis craccivora. The result is shown in Table 29.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cube with a size of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm (in height), and the cube was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 18) poured into a cultivation case. After a hole with a size of 20 mm×20 mm×10 mm (in depth) was made on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, a broad bean seed was put in the hole (seeding on May 31, 2012). Twenty two days after the seeding, when the plant grew up to approximately 200 mm in height, Aphis craccivora was released to the plant. Seven days after the insect release, an aqueous solution dissolved with 1.5 mg of dinotefuran (manufactured by MITSUI CHEMICALS AGRO, INC.; an insecticide classified in neonicotinoids) in 500 mL of the nutrient solution was prepared, and the solution was mixed with the nutrient solution in the cultivation case. The number of Aphis craccivora surviving in four days after mixing the solution was compared with the number of Aphis craccivora before mixing the solution in order to check the efficacy of dinotefuran against Aphis craccivora. The result is shown in Table 30.
A ceramic (a hollow cylindrical ceramic with a size of inner diameter: 20 mmφ×outer diameter: 28 mmφ×height: 80 mm) manufactured by Phytoculture Control Co., Ltd. was immersed in a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case, and a wheat seed was put on the inner surface of the ceramic in order to observe the wheat growth (seeding on Jan. 6, 2012) and to measure the amount of the nutrient solution consumed during the growth. The results of the growth and the amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Table 31 in contrast to the results of Example 2.
SkyGel (0.64 g) manufactured by Mebiol Inc. absorbing and retaining a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) which is 100 times weight of SkyGel was prepared into a cube being 40 mm on a side, wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the SkyGel (seeding on Nov. 29, 2011), and the nutrient solution was inserted into the SkyGel every time when the volume of the SkyGel was approximately half by drying in order to observe the growth. The result of the growth is shown in Table 32 in contrast to the result of Example 2.
Commercially available polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 70 mm×70 mm×35 mm (in height), the PVA was then immersed in a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case, and wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the PVA in order to observe the growth (seeding on Nov. 29, 2011). The result of the growth is shown in Table 33 in contrast to the results of Example 2.
Mumak (a good based on polyurethanes) manufactured by Achilles Corporation was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 100 mm×100 mm×25 mm (in height), the cuboid was then immersed in a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case, and wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the Mumak in order to observe the growth (seeding on Nov. 29, 2011). The result of the growth is shown in Table 34 in contrast to the result of Example 2.
A commercially available non-woven fabric was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 80 mm×10 mm×0.1 mm (in height), the non-woven fabric was then floated on a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case, and wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the non-woven fabric in order to observe the growth and to measure the amount of the nutrient solution consumed during the growth (seeding on Dec. 20, 2011). The results of the growth and the amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Table 35 in contrast to the results of Example 2.
Grotop Master (a good based on rockwools) manufactured by CRODAN was prepared into a cuboid with a size of 80 mm×100 mm×75 mm (in height), the Grotop Master was then immersed in a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 2) poured into a cultivation case, and wheat seeds were put on the upper surface of the Grotop Master in order to observe the growth and to measure the amount of the nutrient solution consumed during the growth (seeding on Dec. 20, 2011). The results of the growth and the amount of the nutrient solution consumption are shown in Table 36 in contrast to the results of Example 2.
A ceramic manufactured by Phytoculture Control Co., Ltd. was immersed in a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 4) poured into a cultivation case, and grape tomato seeds were put on the surface of the ceramic in order to measure the sugar content of the fruitive grape tomato pulp by a hand-held refractometer IATC-1E (Brix: 0% to 32%) manufactured by Iuchi Seieido Co., Ltd. The result or the sugar content is shown in Table 37 in contrast to the results of Example 3.
Synthetic pulp (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.; SWP (Registered Trademark): E400) was prepared into a cube with a size of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm (in height), and the cube was then floated on the liquid surface of a nutrient solution (the composition is shown in Table 18) poured into a cultivation case. After a hole with a size of 20 mm×20 mm×10 mm (in depth) was made on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, a broad bean seed was then put in the hole (seeding on May 31, 2012). Twenty two days after the seeding, when the plant grew up to approximately 200 mm in height, Aphis craccivora was released to the plant in order to observe the transition of the number of surviving Aphis craccivora. The result was shown in Table 38 in contrast to the results of Examples 25 and 26.
Aphis
Craccivora
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-088696 | Apr 2012 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/391,245, filed Oct. 8, 2014, which is a U.S. National Stage Application of PCT/JP2013/060503, filed Apr. 5, 2013, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-088696 filed Apr. 9, 2012, the contents of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14391245 | Oct 2014 | US |
| Child | 15386690 | US |
