Patent Grant
PP17505
Genus and species: Plantago ovata.
Variety denomination: Mayuri.
The present invention relates to a new distinct early maturing, high seed and husk yielding variety of the genus Plantago, species ovata, (common name “psyllium”) designated as the variety ‘Mayuri’.
This invention further relates to the distinct pigment indicator marker of the panicles relatable to the maturity, serving as signal for harvesting stage. The new distinct plant variety of psyllium has been developed by mutation breeding (gamma rays irradiation). The variety can be propagated asexually, but can conveniently be propagated by seed for commercial cultivation.
Psyllium (Plantago ovata), family—Plantaginaceae a plant of west Asian origin was introduced into India the middle age. It is important for its seeds and husk in traditional system of medicine. India continues to hold a monopoly in its production and trade in the world market. Thus, isabgol/psyllium is a major foreign exchange earner. Owning to limited genetic variability, genetic diversity and the improved varieties for commercial cultivation, the production is not as much as expected. Therefore, there is a need to develop superior variety of psyllium for high seed and husk yield.
The main object of the invention is therefore, to develop a new distinct early maturing variety with novel indicator/marker distinguishable by visible observation particularly pigment development for detection of the maturity time coupled with high seed and husk. The other object of the invention was to select a new variety with minimum shattering of seeds prior to harvest of the crop thereby increasing the seed and husk yield.
This invention relates to a new distinct early maturing, high seed and husk yielding variety of psyllium (Plantago ovata) designated as variety ‘Mayuri’ with the distinct pigment marker of the panicles as indicator of the maturity thereby permitting time by harvest and preventing the seed shattering, a problem in Plantago. This variety was developed by mutation breeding (gamma rays irradiation). The variety can be propagated asexually, but can conveniently be propagated by seed for commercial cultivation.
In the drawings accompanying the specification,
Under genetic improvement programme of isabgol, mutation breeding (Gamma rays irradiation: 10-100 kR doses) was initiated in an inbred line developed from ‘CIMAP/L1’ (three generation selfed) to induce variability in its genetic background and select for desirable polygenic mutants (early maturity with indicator/marker for colour at the time of the maturity, high seed and husk yield) suitable for commercial cultivation. Eight promising mutants were selected from different treatments in M2 and evaluated in Initial Evaluation Trial for three consecutive years (1997-1999, M4-M6). These mutants were also evaluated in Bench Scale Trial for three consecutive years (1998-1999), and the most promising mutant CIMAP/S 5 at 20 kR dose was also evaluated further in Pilot Scale Trial for two years (1999-2000).
This work was conducted at main center, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. On an average, the elite strain CIMAP/S 5 registered its superiority over the control variety Niharika (non-patented) for seed yield per unit area. The elite strain was named as variety ‘Mayuri’. ‘Mayuri’ was asexually produced through stem and rhizome cuttings. Since the plants were multiplied asexually they were highly stable and the progeny resembled the parent. This was further confirmed when the seeds of the asexually grown plants were grown and produced progeny similar to the parent.
Morphological distinction: A little shorter plant strature, feathery and large number of panicles, thin peduncle, early maturity (100-110 days) and narrow, light green long leaves are the distinct morphological characters of ‘Mayuri’.
Taxonomic description of var. ‘Mayuri’:
The color codes are in accordance with The Royal Horticultural Society color chart published by The Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Vincent Square, London SWIP2PE, 1995. The plant ‘Mayuri’ of Psyllium is an annual herb which attains a height of 30-40 cm. The stem is wholly underground and covered with fine hairs. Tillers arise from the base of the plant. Each tiller bears a rosette of leaves. The leaves are narrowly liner, acuminate, peduncle longer than leaves, arise in the leaf axils and bear ovoid or cylindrical terminal spikes with sessile flowers. The stamens are adnate to the corolla tube and are exerted. The filaments and style are pink. The style usually exceeds the stamens slightly in length and is protogynous. 20-30 cm deep tape roots. The colour of Seeds—dull pinkish (as per the RHC color chart—54D), Boat shaped, outline ovate, length about 1.8-3.3 mm and weight of 100 seeds—0.17 gm.
The variety ‘Mayuri’ was grown under sub-tropical conditions with an average temperature of 10° C. The morphological data was obtained 80 days after seed was sown. The yield data was obtained at full maturity, 110 days after seed was sown. This variety was developed at main center, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. No observations were made regarding pest or disease resistance.
When sexually reproduced, the variety was stable. The data presented above indicate that the variety produced no variants of any kind. The trial population was uniform and stable. The trial population reproduced true to type over successive generations for three years. Table 1 presents data indicating that variety ‘Mayuri’ is superior in several respects to conventional varieties such as ‘GI 1’ (non-patented) and ‘Niharika’ (non-patented).
The variety ‘Mayuri’ has an average plant spread 36 sq cm. The variety's various features are characterized by:
Relative performance of ‘Mayuri’ in different yield evaluation trials is presented in Table 2. The seed lots of the parent inbred line ‘CIMAP/L1’ were treated with gamma ray in a cobalt (60Co) source (10 to 100 kR). These seedlots were sown separately in the farm Lucknow, UP, India and evaluated as indicated in the table 2. The plants generated from the seedlot treated at 20 kR (kilorad) found to be yielding higher in both initial and bench scale trial. So finally the strain ‘CIMAP/S-5’ was taken to pilot scale trial and found to be high performer compared to the its control ‘Niharika’ (non-patented). Further, the strain ‘CIMAP/S-5’ named as ‘Mayuri’ was observed to be changing the colour of the panicle from green to gray purple indicating the maturity time for harvesting. Also harvesting at this stage minimise the shattering of seeds thereby increasing the yield of the seed and husk. Also the variety ‘Mayuri’ matured in 100-110 days compared to its control variety ‘Niharika’ (non-patented) and other strains in different field trials which matures late (130 to 150 days).
The genotype ‘Mayuri’ is distinct in its RAPD profile in comparison to the control variety ‘Niharika’ (non-patented). The random primers used for developing the RAPD patterns are as follows:
Using the above primers, the distinct RAPD profile of the new genotype ‘Mayuri’ was deduced (FIG. # 2).
The genotype ‘Mayuri’ or variety ‘Mayuri’ was developed at Lucknow India under the genetic improvement programme of Lemongrass. The complete RAPD profile for PCR amplified DNA using 14 primers (as mentioned earlier) is available providing evidence of distinctiveness of the genotype ‘Mayuri’. Further genotypic pair analysis was utilised for assessing the genetic/molecular distances between Mayuri and control variety ‘Niharika’(non-patented) by the help of 60 random primers. Twenty of these primers are designated as MAP primers as designed and synthesised at (Khanuja S P S, Shasany A K, Srivastava A and Kumar S (2000) assessment of genetic relationships in Mentha species. Euphytica. 111: 121-125). In this analysis the genotypic difference was estimated to be 10.7% between Mayuri and its control variety ‘Niharika’ (non-patented).
Accordingly the invention in an embodiment provides a new and distinct high yielding, early maturing variety with developmentally expressed pigment marker possessing the following characters:
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040199969 P1 | Oct 2004 | US |
