Patent Grant
7271538
This application is a U.S. national phase application of PCT international application PCT/JP2005/003946.
The present invention relates to a plasma display panel (hereinafter, referred to as “PDP”) used for, for example, a television, a large-screen monitor, and the like, and particularly to a PDP in which impurity gas is reduced.
Recently, in color display devices used for displaying images on computers, televisions, and the like, a PDP display device using a PDP has draw attention as a color display device that can realize a large-screen and light weight display device.
A PDP includes a front panel and a rear panel sealed to each other with predetermined discharge space interposed therebetween. On the front panel and the rear panel, an electrode and a dielectric layer, or a barrier rib, a phosphor layer, and the like, are formed respectively by firing a structure containing an organic binder. Among the production processes of a PDP, in particular, in a sealing process for sealing the front panel and the rear panel, an organic binder, etc. contained in a glass frit used as a sealing material is thermally decomposed, so that impurity gas is dispersed inside the PDP. Main components of the impurity gas include water, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon gas, and the like, and these impurity gases are adsorbed on a phosphor etc. in the PDP and may cause such problems as deterioration of discharge characteristics, degradation of luminance, and the like (disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 2003-281994 and FPD Technology Outlook (Electronic Journal, Oct. 25, 2000, pp 615-618)). Therefore, one of the important problems is to reduce impurity gas inside the PDP and to improve the reliability by stabilizing discharge characteristics and suppressing change over time.
As a method of reducing impurity gas inside of such a PDP, a method of providing a getter in an exhaust pipe so as to adsorb impurity gas when the inside of the PDP is exhausted is disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 11-329246, and a method of providing a getter inside a PDP so as to adsorb impurity gas is disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication Nos. 2002-531918 and 2003-303555.
However, in the above-mentioned conventional method of providing a getter in an exhaust pipe, since discharge gas is injected through the exhaust pipe, the impurity gas exhausted from the inside of the PDP is adsorbed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe and impurity gas enters the inside of the PDP again together with discharge gas when the discharge gas is supplied. Consequently, removal of impurity gas was not sufficient. Furthermore, in the method of providing a getter inside the PDP so as to adsorb impurity gas, since discharge space is partitioned by barrier ribs, the effect of the getter cannot be allowed to act on the entire region. As a result, a region in which impurity gas remains is generated, thus causing uneven display. Furthermore, a getter is heated during discharging, so that impurity gas may be released into the PDP again. Furthermore, in the method of providing a getter inside an exhaust pipe so as to remove impurity gas, impurity components gradually accumulate in the getter, thus gradually degrading the ability of removing impurity gas. Furthermore, since the main object of a conventional getter or adsorbent is to adsorb and remove water or carbon dioxide among impurity gas, such a getter or adsorbent has less effect in removing hydrocarbon gas.
A PDP of the present invention includes a front panel and a rear panel disposed opposing each other, the front panel including a plurality of display electrodes, and the rear panel including barrier ribs forming discharge space. The rear panel includes a substrate, data electrodes formed crossing the display electrodes on the substrate, a dielectric layer covering the data electrodes, a reflective layer containing an oxidation catalyst and covering at least a part of the dielectric layer, and a phosphor layer formed on the reflective layer.
According to such a configuration, impurity gas inside the PDP is decomposed by an oxidation catalyst provided in the reflective layer so as to reduce the impurity gas influencing the deterioration of a phosphor. Furthermore, these oxidation catalysts can be provided in contact with the phosphor layer, so that impurity gas influencing the phosphor can be reduced more effectively.
Hereinafter, a PDP in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to drawings.
As shown in
On front substrate 1 of front panel 50, band-like display electrodes composed of a pair of scan electrodes 6 and sustain electrodes 7 are disposed in parallel to each other. Scan electrodes 6 and sustain electrodes 7 are respectively composed of transparent electrodes 6a and 7a and metal bus lines 6b and 7b which are superimposed on transparent electrodes 6a and 7a and are made of silver, etc. for enhancing conductivity. In this exemplary embodiment, two scan electrodes 6 and two sustain electrodes 7 are alternately arranged in an arrangement of scan electrode 6-scan electrode 6-sustain electrode 7-sustain electrode 7 . . . . Light absorbing layer 8 is provided between two neighboring sustain electrodes 7 and between two neighboring scan electrodes 6, respectively, and is made of black material etc. for enhancing the contrast when light is emitted. On the front substrate 1, dielectric layer 4 is formed so as to cover scan electrode 6, sustain electrode 7 and light-absorbing layer 8. Dielectric layer 4 is made of Pb—B glass and the like and serves as a capacitor. Furthermore, on dielectric layer 4, protective film 5 made of magnesium oxide (MgO) and the like is formed.
On rear substrate 2, a plurality of band-like data electrodes 9 are disposed in parallel to each other in the direction perpendicular to scan electrodes 6 and sustain electrodes 7. Dielectric layer 13 covers data electrodes 9. On dielectric layer 13, reflective layer 20 containing an oxidation catalyst is formed. Furthermore, on reflective layer 20, a plurality of barrier ribs 10 for partitioning discharge space 3 to form discharge cells 11 are provided in parallel to data electrodes 9. On the side surface of barrier rib 10 and on reflective layer 20, phosphor layer 12 is formed. As phosphor layers 12, phosphors emitting red, blue and green light by ultraviolet ray irradiation are formed alternately corresponding to respective data electrodes 9 provided on rear panel 60. As materials of the phosphors, (Zn1-xMnx)2SiO4 (0.01≦x≦0.25) for a green phosphor, Ba1-xMgAl10O17:Eux or Ba1-x-ySryMgAl10O17:Eux (0.03≦x≦0.20, 0.1≦y≦0.5) for a blue phosphor, and Y2(1-x)O3:Eu2x or (Y,Gd)1-xBO3:Eux (0.05≦x≦0.20) for a red phosphor are used, respectively.
As an oxidation catalyst in reflective layer 20, an oxidation catalyst containing a platinum group element is used. Reflective layer 20 is composed of such an oxidation catalyst and an oxide as a material for enhancing the reflecting effect. Reflective layer 20 includes white oxides such as Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, Y2O3, TiO2 or BaAl2O4 as a main material and a platinum group element is added to these oxides. A method of adding a platinum group element into an oxide may include a solid phase method. In the solid phase method, a compound containing a platinum group element and an oxide are mixed well in a ball mill etc., and then the mixture is fired in the air, in nitrogen or in nitrogen-hydrogen at 300° C. to 600° C. for about two hours, followed by crushing and sieving thereof. In particular, for adding a platinum group element into an oxide uniformly, a liquid phase method may be carried out. In the liquid phase method, oxide powder is mixed into an aqueous solution of chloride and nitrate compound containing a platinum group element, and the mixed solution is stirred and then filtered. This mixed solution is dried, and then fired in the air, in nitrogen or in nitrogen-hydrogen at 300° C. to 600° C. The oxide containing a platinum group element absorbs impurity gas by the catalyst effect of the platinum group element, and additionally expresses the catalyst effect of oxidizing and decomposing (burning) hydrocarbon gas (CxHy gas, or CxHyO gas in which hydrocarbon is partially oxidized) in the absorbed impurity gas into water and carbon dioxide. The oxides constituting reflective layer 20 may contain any one or more materials from Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, Y2O3, TiO2, and BaAl2O4.
It is preferable that as a raw material of the platinum group element to be added, an element such as Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, or Os; chloride such as PtCl4, PdCl2, RhCl3, RuCl3, IrCl4, or OsCl3; or nitrate compound such as Rh(NO3)3 or Ru(NO3)3 is used. The added amount of the platinum group element is preferably in the range from 0.01% to 5% with respect to oxide and the platinum group element to be added may be any one or more of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os.
The oxide material containing a platinum group element, which was synthesized by this method, and an organic binder are kneaded to form a paste. By applying this paste onto dielectric layer 13 by a printing method, a dye coating method, and the like, reflective layer 20 in which an oxidation catalyst is dispersed can be formed.
In the manufacturing process of a PDP, in particular, in the process of sealing front panel 50 and rear panel 60, an organic binder contained in a glass frit, which is used as a sealing material and containing low-melting point lead glass and an inorganic oxide, is thermally decomposed at the time of heating and firing to generate impurity gas. The generated impurity gas is dispersed inside the PDP. Thereafter, by reducing the pressure in discharge cell 11 by the exhausting process, impurity gas is exhausted. However, on phosphor layer 12 etc. of discharge cell 11, water, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon gas, or the like is adsorbed and remains. Although the amount of remaining hydrocarbon gas is as small as 1/100 to 1/1000 with respect to water, and 1/10 to 1/100 with respect to carbon dioxide, it is experimentally confirmed that when hydrocarbon gas is present in discharge cell 11, in particular, in phosphor layer 12, the hydrocarbon gas adversely influences the deterioration of discharge characteristics and degradation of phosphor property more than water or carbon dioxide. In particular, it is confirmed that hydrocarbon gas greatly influences a phosphor, in particular, a green phosphor of Zn2SiO4:Mn and a blue phosphor of BaMgAl10O17:Eu.
In this exemplary embodiment, in reflective layer 20 provided in the lower layer of phosphor layer 12, an oxidation catalyst containing a platinum group element is dispersed. The oxidation catalyst containing a platinum group element absorbs impurity gas by the catalyst effect of the platinum group element and further expresses the catalyst effect of oxidizing and decomposing (burning) hydrocarbon gas (CxHy gas or CxHyO gas in which hydrocarbon is partially oxidized) in the absorbed impurity gas into water and carbon dioxide. When hydrocarbon gas is oxidized and decomposed, water and carbon dioxide are further generated. However, the amount of hydrocarbon gas remaining inside the sealed PDP is as small as 1/100 or less as compared with water and carbon dioxide remaining inside the PDP. Therefore, the amount of water or carbon dioxide added by decomposition is relatively small, which has less influence on the deterioration of a phosphor.
A conventional method of adsorbing impurity gas by the use of a getter or simple adsorbent such as SiO2, Al2O3 or TiO2 adsorbed only water and carbon dioxide but did not have a function of decomposing hydrocarbon gas. Furthermore, in order to allow the getter to act effectively, a temperature of 400° C. or higher is necessary. In addition, during discharging, the getter or the adsorbent is exposed to plasma or heat, so that impurity gas is released to the inside of the PDP again. Therefore, the conventional method did not exhibit a sufficient effect of, in particular, removing hydrocarbon gas.
According to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, reflective layer 20 in which an oxidation catalyst containing a platinum group element is dispersed is provided in a lower layer of phosphor layer 12 over the entire region of the PDP. Consequently, hydrocarbon gas that is impurity gas adsorbed on phosphor layer 12 can be effectively removed by oxidation and decomposition. Furthermore, main oxide materials constituting reflective layer 20 are materials having an adsorption effect, for example, TiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, or the like. Impurity gas adsorbed on such materials can be further taken up into oxidation catalysts and effectively oxidized and decomposed. Therefore, in addition to a conventional effect as a reflective layer, an effect of decomposing and removing, in particular, hydrocarbon gas as impurity gas is obtained. Thus, it is possible to provide a PDP in which a phosphor is less deteriorated and which is excellent in quality of image display and has high reliability.
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the amount of hydrocarbon gas adsorbed on phosphor layer 12 inside the PDP and the rate of change in luminance in the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Samples Nos. 1 to 6 in Table 1 show the results when kinds of oxides constituting reflective layer 21 and platinum group elements are varied. Sample No. 7 shows a comparative example in which a reflective layer contains only TiO2 and does not contain an oxidation catalyst, and sample No. 8 shows a comparative example in which a reflective layer is not included. The amount of hydrocarbon gas in Table 1 was measured by the use of TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) by destroying a sealed PDP and taking out only phosphor. The rate of change in luminance was measured by an accelerated life test by driving the PDP for 5000 hours while applying voltage of 180V and discharge-sustaining pulse of frequency of 50 kHz to the PDP. When the PDP is made all-green display and all-blue display before and after driving of 5000 hours, the luminance is measured by a luminance meter and the rate of change in luminance is calculated from the following equation.
{(luminance after pulse is applied−luminance before pulse is applied)/luminance before pulse is applied}×100(%)
The change in luminance of the phosphor due to hydrocarbon gas largely influences a phosphor material, in particular, a green phosphor of Zn2SiO4:Mn and a blue phosphor of BaMgAl10O17:Eu. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, PDPs using these phosphors were produced and the rates of change in luminance of the PDPs were measured.
Furthermore, the amount of hydrocarbon gas in the phosphor is shown as follows. The adsorption ratio of hydrocarbon gas occupied in the entire gas of sample No. 1 is made to be 1 and those of other samples are shown as relative values.
[Table 1]
As shown in Table 1, in sample No. 8 without having a reflective layer, the adsorption amount of hydrocarbon gas in the phosphor is large and the rates of change in luminance of green and blue are as large as −10.1% and −11.8%, respectively. In sample No. 7 having only TiO2 as the reflective layer, adsorption ratio of hydrocarbon gas and the rate of change in luminance are slightly improved, but the rate of change in luminance is still large. On the other hand, in sample Nos. 1 to 6 of the PDP of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption ratio of hydrocarbon gas in the phosphor is reduced to about 1/100 and the rate of change in luminance is also improved to almost 1/10.
Furthermore, in the secondary exemplary embodiment, a coloring pigment of a color corresponding to a color of emitted light of phosphor layer 12 may be mixed into reflective layer 21. That is to say, in reflective layer 21 provided under phosphor layer 12 emitting red light, a red coloring pigment such as Fe2O3 or Mn2O3 is mixed. In reflective layer 21 provided under phosphor layer 12 emitting green light, a green coloring pigment such as NiO—CoO—ZnO—TiO2 or Cr2O3 is mixed. In reflective layer 21 provided under phosphor layer 12 emitting blue light, a blue coloring pigment such as CoAl2O4, CoO or CuO is mixed. With such a configuration, when light incident into a panel from the outside and reaching reflective layer 21 is reflected by reflective layer 21, since in reflective layer 21, the reflection factor of light of colors other than the color of emitted light of phosphor layer 12 formed thereon is small, the reflection of light of colors other than the color of emitted light of phosphor layer 12 is suppressed. As compared with the case in which a coloring pigment is not mixed in reflective layer 21, the contrast can be improved. Furthermore, these coloring pigments have an effect of adsorbing impurity gas such as hydrocarbon gas, so that the impurity gas adsorbed on these coloring pigments is taken up into oxidation catalyst and effectively oxidized and decomposed. Therefore, in particular, the oxidation and decomposition of hydrocarbon gas as an impurity gas can be promoted.
Therefore, according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the effect as a reflective layer, by the oxidation catalyst effect of the oxidation catalyst contained in the reflective layer, impurity gas influencing the deterioration of the luminance of the phosphor can be considerably reduced, thus realizing highly reliable and high quality PDP.
As shown in
As shown in
Longitudinal barrier ribs 10a, transverse barrier ribs 10b and second transverse barrier ribs 10c partition discharge cells 11. On the side surfaces of longitudinal barrier ribs 10a and transverse barrier ribs 10b of discharge cells 11 and on reflective layer 20, phosphor layer 12 is formed. Phosphor layer 12 forms phosphors emitting red, blue and green light alternately due to ultraviolet ray irradiation corresponding to respective data electrodes 9 provided on rear panel 60. As materials of the phosphors, (Zn1-xMnx)2SiO4 (0.01≦x≦0.25) for a green phosphor, Ba1-xMgAl10O17:Eux or Ba1-x-ySryMgAl10O17:Eux (0.03≦x≦0.20, 0.1≦y≦0.5) for a blue phosphor, and Y2(1-x)O3:Eu2x or (Y,Gd)1-xBO3:Eux (0.05≦x≦0.20) for a red phosphor are used, respectively.
The height of transverse barrier rib 10b is lower than that of longitudinal barrier rib 10a. Barrier ribs 10b and 10a crossing perpendicular to each other have level difference in the crossing portion. At the upper parts of transverse barrier ribs 10b, second transverse barrier ribs 10c are formed. The configuration in which second transverse barrier ribs 10c are formed on the upper parts of transverse barrier ribs 10b can include the following forms. Such forms are shown in
Second transverse barrier rib 10c that is a third barrier rib is formed of an oxide containing an oxidation catalyst including a platinum group element. A method of adding a platinum group element into an oxide may include a solid phase method. In the solid phase method, a compound containing a platinum group element and an oxide are mixed well in a ball mill etc., and then the mixture is fired in the air, in nitrogen or in nitrogen-hydrogen at 300° C. to 600° C. for about two hours, followed by crushing and sieving thereof. In particular, for adding a platinum group element into an oxide uniformly, a liquid phase method may be carried out. In the liquid phase method, oxide powder is mixed into an aqueous solution of chloride and nitrate compound containing a platinum group element, and the mixed solution is stirred and then filtered. This mixed solution is dried, and then fired in the air, in nitrogen or in nitrogen-hydrogen at 300° C. to 600° C. The oxide containing a platinum group element absorbs impurity gas by the catalyst effect of the platinum group element, and additionally exhibits the catalyst effect of oxidizing and decomposing (burning) hydrocarbon gas (CxHy gas, or CxHyO gas in which hydrocarbon is partially oxidized) in the absorbed impurity gas into water and carbon dioxide.
Furthermore, any raw materials of oxide may be used as long as they have a heat resistant property. However, in particular, it is preferable that any one or more of Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, MgO, NiO, Y2O3, MnO2, Mn2O3, Ag2O, CuO, Fe2O3, CoO, Co2O3, CO3O4, PdO, Cr2O3, ZrO2, etc., or CaAl2O4, BaAl2O4, BaFe2O4, MgAl2O4, ZnAl2O4, etc. It is preferable that as a raw material of the platinum group element to be added, an element such as Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru or Os; chloride such as PtCl4, PdCl2, RhCl3, RuCl3, IrCl4 or OsCl3; or nitrate compound such as Rh(NO3)3 or Ru(NO3)3 is used. The added amount of the platinum group element is preferably in the range from 0.01% to 5% with respect to oxide and platinum group element to be added may be any one or more of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os.
The oxide material containing a platinum group element, which was synthesized by this method, and an organic binder are kneaded to form a paste. By applying this paste onto a predetermined region of the upper part of transverse barrier rib 10b by a printing method, a dispenser method, and the like, second transverse barrier rib 10c is formed.
In this way, in the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a reflective layer containing an oxidation catalyst described in the first exemplary embodiment is provided and furthermore, a part of the barrier ribs are composed of oxide containing an oxidation catalyst.
In the third exemplary embodiment, on the upper part of the transverse barrier rib 10b having a lower height in barrier rib 10, second transverse barrier rib 10c of oxide containing an oxidation catalyst added with a platinum group element is formed. Therefore, second transverse barrier rib 10c absorbs impurity gas by the catalyst effect of the platinum group element and further expresses the catalyst effect of oxidizing and decomposing (burning) hydrocarbon gas (CxHy gas or CxHyO gas in which hydrocarbon is partially oxidized) in the absorbed impurity gas into water and carbon dioxide. According to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an oxidation catalyst can be provided in barrier rib 10 that is the closest to phosphor layer 12 over the entire region of PDP. Consequently, it is possible to effectively oxidize, decompose and remove hydrocarbon gas that is impurity gas adsorbed on phosphor layer 12 and it is also possible to effectively oxidize and decompose hydrocarbon gas released into discharge cell 11. Thus, a PDP can be provided in which a phosphor is less deteriorated and which is excellent in quality of image display and has high reliability.
Furthermore, according to the third exemplary embodiment, since a part of barrier ribs 10 arranged in parallel crosses is formed of second transverse barrier ribs 10c containing an oxidation catalyst, the volume and surface area of the oxidation catalyst can be increased, thus enabling the effect of the catalyst to be increased.
As shown in
Table 2 shows the measurement results of the amount of hydrocarbon gas adsorbed on phosphor layer 12 inside the PDP and the rate of change in luminance in the third exemplary embodiment. Samples Nos. 1 to 3 in Table 2 of this exemplary embodiment show an example in which second transverse barrier ribs 10c are formed with a thickness of about 20 μm on transverse barrier ribs 10b and space of about 10 μm is provided between second transverse barrier ribs 10c and front panel 50. The amount of hydrocarbon gas in Table 2 was measured by TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) by destroying a sealed PDP and taking out only phosphor. The rate of change in luminance was measured by an accelerated life test by driving the PDP for 5000 hours while applying voltage of 180V and discharge-sustaining pulse of frequency of 50 kHz to the PDP. When the PDP is made all-green display and all-blue display before and after driving of 5000 hours, the luminance is measured by a luminance meter and the rate of change in luminance is calculated from the following equation.
{(luminance after pulse is applied−luminance before pulse is applied)/luminance before pulse is applied}×100(%)
The change in luminance of the phosphor due to hydrocarbon gas largely influences a phosphor material, in particular, a green phosphor of Zn2SiO4:Mn and a blue phosphor of BaMgAl10O17:Eu. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, PDPs using these phosphors were produced and the rates of change in luminance of the PDPs were measured.
Sample No. 4 shows a comparative example in which the barrier rib is composed of only oxide, sample No. 5 shows a comparative example in which the barrier rib does not contain oxide, and sample No. 6 shows a comparative example in which even the reflective layer shown in
[Table 2]
As shown in Table 2, in sample No. 6 including neither oxide nor reflective layer, the adsorption amount of hydrocarbon gas in the phosphor is large and the rates of change in luminance of green and blue are as large as −10.1% and −11.8%, respectively. However, similar to the second exemplary embodiment, even by only a reflective layer containing an oxidation catalyst, the adsorption ratio of hydrocarbon gas and the rate of change in luminance can be considerably improved. Furthermore, as sample No. 4, when second transverse barrier rib 10c contains only oxide, the adsorption ratio of hydrocarbon gas and the rate of change in luminance can be slightly improved. On the other hand, in sample Nos. 1 to 3 of the PDP of the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption ratio of hydrocarbon gas in the phosphor is reduced to about half of that of sample Nos. 4 and 5, and the rate of change in luminance is also improved.
Therefore, according to the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in addition to decomposition of hydrocarbon gas in the reflective layer, also in the barrier ribs, remaining hydrocarbon gas is decomposed. Thus, the purity of gas can be enhanced, and change in luminance of the phosphor can be suppressed.
In the third exemplary embodiment, an example of disposing oxidation catalysts both in the reflective layer and barrier ribs was described. However, the effect of decomposing hydrocarbon gas can be expressed by allowing only the barrier ribs to contain oxidation catalysts.
According to a PDP of the present invention, the amount of impurity gas inside the PDP can be considerably reduced and a PDP having high reliability, which has stable discharge characteristics and is free from change over time of luminance, can be realized. The PDP of the present invention can be useful for a large screen display device, and the like.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004-068598 | Mar 2004 | JP | national |
| 2004-068599 | Mar 2004 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/003946 | 3/8/2005 | WO | 00 | 11/28/2005 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005/088668 | 9/22/2005 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5939826 | Ohsawa et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 6100633 | Okumura et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6189579 | Tanaka | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 20040145314 | Zukawa et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 8-138559 | May 1996 | JP |
| 11-329246 | Nov 1999 | JP |
| 2000-11885 | Jan 2000 | JP |
| 2001-332179 | Nov 2001 | JP |
| 2002-324492 | Nov 2002 | JP |
| 2002-372919 | Dec 2002 | JP |
| 2003-281994 | Oct 2003 | JP |
| 2003-303555 | Oct 2003 | JP |
| 2004-179157 | Jun 2004 | JP |
| 0033347 | Jun 2000 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060232207 A1 | Oct 2006 | US |
