Patent Application
20230323083
This application claims priority to Taiwan Application Serial Number 111113899, filed Apr. 12, 2022, which is herein incorporated by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a plastic composition, a plasticizer and a plastic product. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a plastic composition, a plasticizer and a plastic product that have a biodegradability.
The plasticizer is a material used to increase the plasticity of the product, and is often used in the plastic product, such as plasticization of the plastic bags. The commonly used traditional plasticizers are mostly phthalate compounds, such as DEHP, DBP, DINP, BBP and DIDP, etc. The plasticizer structure is similar to estrogen, which is easy to cause the abnormal development of adolescent children, and even increase the incidence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The molecular weights of the abovementioned traditional plasticizers are mostly less than 500 g/mole, and the smaller molecular weights are relatively easy to be absorbed by the human body. Since the plasticizers are combined with other substances by non-chemical bonding method in the plastic products, which are easily released from the plastic products. Therefore, the plasticizers will be absorbed by the human body when the plastic products contact with food or skin.
In the recent years, the environmental protection awareness has risen, and if the traditional plastic products are not properly treated, they will damage to the environment and the ecology, so that more and more biodegradable products are widely promoted, but the biodegradation rate is often not high. Most plasticizers and plastics still cannot be decomposed, and the users will misunderstand that these products will not affect the environment and the ecology by any disposal due to these products are biodegradable, resulting in these products not being properly treated and further damage the environment and the ecology. Nowadays, the plastic products have become an indispensable part of human life, so that it is very important to find the plasticizers that are not easily released from the plastic products or absorbed by the human body, and to develop the biodegradable plastic products.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a plastic composition includes at least one plastic and at least one plasticizer. The plastic includes a polylactic acid. The plasticizer includes an amide ester compound, and the amide ester compound has a biodegradability. A weight percentage of the plastic in the plastic composition is 85% to 99.99%, and a weight percentage of the plasticizer in the plastic composition is 0.01% to 15%.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a plastic product includes the plastic composition according to the foregoing aspect.
According to further another aspect of the present disclosure, a plastic composition includes at least one plastic and at least one plasticizer. The plasticizer has a biodegradability, and the plasticizer has a structure represented by formula (I):
wherein X is a central structure, Y is a first long-chain structure, Z is a second long-chain structure, and when a number of carbon atoms in X is XC, a number of carbon atoms in Y is YC, and a number of carbon atoms in Z is ZC, the following conditions are satisfied: 1≤XC≤6; 14≤YC≤25; and 14≤ZC≤25.
According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, a plastic product includes the plastic composition according to the foregoing aspect.
According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a plasticizer has a biodegradability, and the plasticizer has a structure represented by formula (I):
wherein X is a central structure, Y is a first long-chain structure, Z is a second long-chain structure, and when a number of carbon atoms in X is XC, a number of carbon atoms in Y is YC, and a number of carbon atoms in Z is ZC, the following conditions are satisfied: 1≤XC≤6; 14≤YC≤25; and 14≤ZC≤25. When a biodegradation rate on a 7th day is Dr7, the following condition of the biodegradation rate of the plasticizer on the 7th day is satisfied: 20%≤Dr7.
According to more another aspect of the present disclosure, a plastic product includes the plasticizer according to the foregoing aspect.
The present disclosure can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description of the embodiment, with reference made to the accompanying drawings as follows:
A plastic composition includes at least one plastic and at least one plasticizer. The plastic includes a polylactic acid. The plasticizer includes an amide ester compound, and the amide ester compound has a biodegradability. Therefore, the damage to the environment and the ecology can be reduced by the characteristics of biodegradable polylactic acid and plasticizer. Further, the plasticizer can be prevented from affecting the normal physiological functions by designing the plasticizer structure that is dissimilar to estrogen.
A plastic composition includes at least one plastic and at least one plasticizer. The plasticizer has a biodegradability, and has a structure represented by formula (I):
wherein X is a central structure, Y is a first long-chain structure, Z is a second long-chain structure. Therefore, it can have better safety to prevent the plasticizer from affecting the normal physiological functions by designing the plasticizer without a benzene ring structure. Further, the plasticizer can be prevented from affecting the normal physiological functions by designing the plasticizer structure that is dissimilar to estrogen.
According to the plasticizer of the present disclosure, in the formula (I), when a number of carbon atoms in X is XC, a number of carbon atoms in Y is YC, and a number of carbon atoms in Z is ZC, the following conditions can be satisfied: 1≤XC≤6; 14≤YC≤25; and 14≤ZC≤25. Therefore, the plasticizer can be prevented from affecting the normal physiological functions by designing the plasticizer structure that is dissimilar to estrogen and without the benzene ring structure. Furthermore, the following conditions can be satisfied: 2≤XC≤5; 14≤YC≤24; and 14≤ZC≤24. Furthermore, the following conditions can be satisfied: 2≤XC≤4; 14≤YC≤23; and 14≤ZC≤23. Furthermore, the following conditions can be satisfied: 2≤XC≤3; 14≤YC≤22; and 14≤ZC≤22. Furthermore, the following conditions can be satisfied: 15≤YC≤21; and 15≤ZC≤21. Furthermore, the following conditions can be satisfied: 16≤YC≤20; and 16≤ZC≤20. Furthermore, the following conditions can be satisfied: 17≤YC≤19; and 17≤ZC≤19.
According to the plasticizer of the present disclosure, when a biodegradation rate on a 7th day is Dr7, the following condition of the biodegradation rate of the plasticizer on the 7th day is satisfied: 20%≤Dr7. Therefore, a short-term biodegradation rate of the plasticizer can be improved by satisfying the biodegradation rate of the plasticizer on the 7th day. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 30%≤Dr7. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 40%≤Dr7. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 50%≤Dr7. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 60%≤Dr7. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 65%≤Dr7≤100%.
According to the plastic composition of the present disclosure, a weight percentage of the plastic in the plastic composition is 85% to 99.99%, and a weight percentage of the plasticizer in the plastic composition is 0.01% to 15%. Therefore, the plastic composition has the excellent biodegradation property and the good plasticizing effect by a specific mixing ratio. Furthermore, the weight percentage of the plastic in the plastic composition can be 87.5% to 99.99%, and the weight percentage of the plasticizer in the plastic composition can be 0.01% to 12.5%. Furthermore, the weight percentage of the plastic in the plastic composition can be 90% to 99.99%, and the weight percentage of the plasticizer in the plastic composition can be 0.01% to 10%. Furthermore, the weight percentage of the plastic in the plastic composition can be 92.5% to 99.99%, and the weight percentage of the plasticizer in the plastic composition can be 0.01% to 7.5%. Furthermore, the weight percentage of the plastic in the plastic composition can be 95% to 99.99%, and the weight percentage of the plasticizer in the plastic composition can be 0.01% to 5%.
According to the plastic composition of the present disclosure, when a biodegradation rate on a 14th day is Dr14, the following condition of the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 14th day is satisfied: 1%≤Dr14. Therefore, an initial biodegradation rate of the plastic composition can be improved by satisfying the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 14th day. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 2.5%≤Dr14. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 5%≤Dr14. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 7.5%≤Dr14. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 8%≤Dr14. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 9%≤Dr14≤100%.
According to the plastic composition of the present disclosure, when a biodegradation rate on a 21th day is Dr21, the following condition of the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 21th day is satisfied: 6%≤Dr21. Therefore, an extreme short-term biodegradation rate of the plastic composition can be improved by satisfying the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 21th day. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 10%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 12.5%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 15%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 17.5%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 20%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 24%≤Dr21≤100%.
According to the plastic composition of the present disclosure, when a biodegradation rate on a 28th day is Dr28, the following condition of the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 28th day is satisfied: 15%≤Dr28. Therefore, a short-term biodegradation rate of the plastic composition can be improved by satisfying the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 28th day. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 20%≤Dr28. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 25%≤Dr28. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 30%≤Dr28. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 35%≤Dr28≤100%.
According to the plastic composition of the present disclosure, when a biodegradation rate on a 42th day is Dr42, the following condition of the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 42th day is satisfied: 20%≤Dr42. Therefore, a mid-term biodegradation rate of the plastic composition can be improved by satisfying the biodegradation rate of the plastic composition on the 42th day. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 25%≤Dr42. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 30%≤Dr42. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 35%≤Dr42. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 40%≤Dr42. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 45%≤Dr42.
The plastic composition of the present disclosure further includes at least one non-biodegradable plastic. A weight percentage of the non-biodegradable plastic in the plastic composition is less than a weight percentage of the polylactic acid in the plastic composition. Therefore, the plastic composition including the non-biodegradable plastic is helpful for forming the plastic composition and improving the stability of the structure. Further, due to the weight percentage of the non-biodegradable plastic in the plastic composition is less than the weight percentage of the polylactic acid in the plastic composition, the plastic composition can be ensured to have a good biodegradation rate.
According to the plasticizer of the present disclosure, when a molecular weight of the plasticizer is Mw, the following condition is satisfied: 500 g/mole≤Mw. Therefore, the plasticizer is not easily absorbed by the human body and can have the excellent safety by designing the plasticizer with the specific molecular weight. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 510 g/mole≤Mw≤1000 g/mole. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 520 g/mole≤Mw≤900 g/mole. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 530 g/mole≤Mw≤800 g/mole. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 540 g/mole≤Mw≤700 g/mole. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 550 g/mole≤Mw≤600 g/mole. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 580 g/mole≤Mw≤590 g/mole.
According to the plasticizer of the present disclosure, in the formula (I), each of X, Y and Z is a straight-chain structure. Therefore, due to the straight-chain molecule has a higher boiling point than the branched-chain molecule, the plasticizer can be prevented from being adsorbed by the human body after being vaporized by the high temperature.
According to the plasticizer of the present disclosure, in the formula (I), each of Y and Z has at least one double bond. Therefore, due to the structure of each of Y and Z has at least one double bond, the biodegradation rate of the plasticizer can be improved.
According to the plasticizer of the present disclosure, when a pyrolysis temperature of the plasticizer is Pt, the following condition is satisfied: 100° C.≤Pt≤300° C. Therefore, the high pyrolysis temperature of the plasticizer can help to stabilize the structure of the plasticizer at the high temperature. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 125° C.≤Pt≤300° C. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 150° C.≤Pt≤300° C. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 150° C.≤Pt≤280° C. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 180° C.≤Pt≤280° C. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 200° C.≤Pt≤280° C. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 200° C.≤Pt≤260° C.
According to the plasticizer of the present disclosure, when a biodegradation rate on a 21th day is Dr21, the following condition of the biodegradation rate of the plasticizer on the 21th day is satisfied: 65%≤Dr21. Therefore, a mid-term biodegradation rate of the plasticizer can be improved by satisfying the biodegradation rate of the plasticizer on the 21th day. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 70%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 75%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 80%≤Dr21. Furthermore, the following condition can be satisfied: 85%≤Dr21≤100%.
The plastic composition of the present disclosure can include the biodegradable plasticizer and the biodegradable plastic, and the non-biodegradable plasticizer and the non-biodegradable plastic are added as required to achieve the balance of function and biodegradable effect.
The plastic composition of the present disclosure can further include at least one additive, such as a stabilizer, a lubricant, a static coagulant, a flame retardant, a colorant, a filler, an antistatic agent, a light stabilizer, a foaming agent, a coupling agent and a flexibilizer. The stabilizer can be calcium stearate. The lubricant can be fatty acid. The flame retardant can be antimony trioxide. The colorant can be antimony dioxide. The filler can be a calcium carbonate, a glass fiber, an asbestos fiber, a carbon fiber, a boron fiber, a copper disulfide, a glimmer, an asbestos, a silica, a silicate, a metal oxide, a carbon black, a glass bead or a wood flour. The antistatic agent can be stearylaminopropyldimethyl-β-hydroxyethylamine nitrate. The light stabilizer can be salicylate, benzophenone, benzotriazole, substituted acryl, three or organic complex. The foaming agent can be azodicarbonamide. Therefore, the characteristic of the plastic, such as the impact resistance, the weather resistance, the heat resistance, the fluidity, the elasticity, the corrosion resistance, the deformation resistance, the light transmittance, the latent modification, the antistatic property, the photolysis resistance, the specific gravity or the toughness can be changed by modifying the plastic properties.
The biodegradable plastic in the plastic composition of the present disclosure can be polylactic acid (PLA), and also can be starch, poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS), poly propylene carbonate (PPC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyglycolide (PGA), polyglycerol sebacate (PGS), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or copolymers formed from the above polymer monomers.
The non-biodegradable plastic in the plastic composition of the present disclosure can be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) or melamine resin or a mixture formed form the above plastic.
In the plasticizer of the present disclosure, the larger molecular weight means that the molecular weight of the plasticizer is greater than 500 g/mole, which is not limited by the plastic materials, and can plasticize different biodegradable plastics, so that has more wide applicability and convenience.
The plasticizer of the present disclosure can be the amide ester compound, and the amide ester compound refers to an amide compound having an ester group.
In the plasticizer of the present disclosure, in the formula (I), the structure of each of X, Y and Z has carbon atoms, and also can have at least one of sulfur atoms, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms. The structure of each of X, Y and Z has carbon-carbon single bonds, and also can have at least one of carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, carbon-oxygen bonds, carbon-nitrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, sulfur-oxygen bonds, sulfur-carbon bonds, sulfur-nitrogen bonds, double nitrogen bonds, nitrogen oxygen bonds and double oxygen bonds. The structure of each of X, Y and Z has an alkyl group, and can also have at least one of an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carbonyl group, an aldehyde group, a carbonate group, a carboxyl group, an ether group, an ester group, an amide group, a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, a tertiary amine group, a ketimine group and an aldimine group. XC, YC and ZC can be 2, 17, 17, respectively, and then the plasticizer is 2-[(9Z)-9-octadecenylamino]ethyl(9Z)-9-octadecenoate. XC, YC and ZC can be 1, 14, 14, respectively, and then the plasticizer is 2-[(9Z)-9-pentadecenylamino]methyl(9Z)-9-pentadecenoate. XC, YC and ZC can be 6, 25, 25, respectively, and then the plasticizer is 2-[(9Z)-9-hexacosenylamino]hexyl(9Z)-9-hexacosenoate. The double bond position can also be on the 10th carbon of Y and Z at the same time, and then the plasticizer is 2-[(10Z)-10-hexacosenylamino]hexyl(10Z)-10-hexacosenoate.
The condition of the biodegradation rate in the present disclosure uses ASTM-D5338 as a standard method. The percentage of biodegradation rate is calculated by a unit of weight. The degradation product and the activated sludge (fertilizer) are mixed with each other in a weight ratio of 1:6, and the water content in the degradation tank is maintained at about 50% by perlite. The degradation tank is placed at 58±2° C. to observe for 180 days. The main components of the compost include livestock manure, soybean flour, bagasse, wood meal, wheat bran and mushroom-raising waste bag, and the components of the perlite are shown in Table 1.
The fresh 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution is prepared during the testing and monitoring process, and dispensed into a 50 mL of PP tank. Then, the PP tank is placed in the degradation tank, and incubated in a temperate box (58±2° C.). The released CO2 during the decomposition of the degradation product is absorbed by the KOH aqueous solution. The replacement frequency of KOH is 6 times/week at the initial stage of degradation (1-30 days), and changed to 2 times/week after one month until satisfied with 180 days. The total test time can also be greater than 180 days. The value of the collected KOH is measured with a pH meter and compared with the control group (0.1 M KOH aqueous solution is placed in the temperate box without degradation reaction), and then convert the hydrogen ion concentration. Then, the CO2 weight is converted by the hydrogen ion concentration and estimated the biodegradation rate. The conversion formula mentioned above is as follows: hydroxyl concentration change=hydroxyl concentration in the control group−hydroxyl concentration in the experimental group=hydrogen ion concentration. Carbon dioxide weight (unit:mg)=hydrogen ion concentration×44/2×50 mL (44 is the molecular weight of carbon dioxide, 2 is the carbon dioxide reaction equilibrium coefficient, and 50 mL is the volume of aqueous solution). Inorganization (decomposition) percentage=carbon dioxide weight change/theoretical carbon dioxide content for complete decomposition of the composition×100%.
In the biodegradation rate for the nth day in the present disclosure, n can be the 7th day, the 8th day, the 9th, the 10th day, the 14th day, the 24th day, the 25th day, the 26th day, the 28th day, the 29th day, the 30th day, the 31st day, the 42nd day, the 52nd day, the 56th day, the 59th day, the 63rd day, the 66th day, the 70th day, the 73rd day, the 77th day, the 80th day, the 84th day, the 87th day, the 91st day, the 94th day, the 98th day, the 101st day, the 150th day, the 154th day, the 157th day, the 175th day, the 178th day, the 182nd day or the 185th day, or can be the biodegradation rate for any day from the 1st day to the 185th day.
Each technical feature in the abovementioned plastic composition and the plasticizer can be configured in combination to achieve the corresponding effect.
A plastic product includes the abovementioned plastic composition or the abovementioned plasticizer. Further, the plastic product can be a packaging film, a composite paper, a disposable container or a storage utensil, a disposable tableware, a food packaging, a binding tape, a rope, a wrapping film, an agricultural seedling cup and a plate, a mushroom space bag, a fertilizer bag, an agricultural tape or a belt, an agricultural tiling or a covering material, an agricultural plug tray, a vegetable and a fruit bagging, an agricultural border covering membrane, a surgical needle, a surgical membrane, a bone plate, a drug carrier, an inorganic mixture, a dental filling material, a biological suture anchor, a biological tissue scaffold, a bone nail, a biological tissue filler, a biological suture, a biological experimental petri dish, a biological experimental container, a biological experimental micropipette, a biological experimental centrifuge tube or an experimental glove, etc.
According to the abovementioned embodiments, the specific comparative examples and examples are provided below and described in detail with the drawings.
The plastic composition of the 1st comparative example only includes the plastic, and the plastic contained in the plastic composition is polylactic acid (PLA). Please refer to Table 2A, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 1st comparative example.
Please refer to
The plastic composition of the 2nd comparative example includes the plastic and the plasticizer, and the plastic contained in the plastic composition is poly(ethylene terephthalateco-1,4-cylclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PETG). The plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is the amide ester compound, and the details of the plasticizer of the 2nd comparative example are shown in Table 3A.
Furthermore, please refer to Table 3B, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 2nd comparative example.
Please refer to
The plastic composition of the 3rd comparative example only includes the plasticizer, and the plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is acetyl tributyl citrate. Please refer to Table 4A, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 3rd comparative example.
Please refer to
The plastic composition of the 1st example includes the plastic and the plasticizer, the plastic contained in the plastic composition is polylactic acid, and the plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is the amide ester compound, wherein the details of the amide ester compound are shown in Table 3A, and will not be described herein. Please refer to Table 5A, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 1st example.
Please refer to
The plastic composition of the 2nd example only includes the plasticizer, and the plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is the amide ester compound, wherein the details of the amide ester compound are shown in Table 3A, and will not be described herein. Please refer to Table 6A, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 2nd example.
Please refer to
The plastic composition of the 3rd example includes the plastic and the plasticizer, the plastic contained in the plastic composition is polylactic acid, and the plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is the amide ester compound, wherein the details of the amide ester compound are shown in Table 3A, and will not be described herein. Please refer to Table 7, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 3rd example.
The plastic composition of the 4th example includes the plastic and the plasticizer, the plastic contained in the plastic composition is polylactic acid, and the plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is the amide ester compound, wherein the details of the amide ester compound are shown in Table 3A, and will not be described herein. Please refer to Table 8, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 4th example.
The plastic composition of the 5th example includes the plastic and the plasticizer, the plastic contained in the plastic composition is polylactic acid, and the plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is the amide ester compound, wherein the details of the amide ester compound are shown in Table 3A, and will not be described herein. Please refer to Table 9, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 5th example.
The plastic composition of the 6th example includes the plastic and the plasticizer, the plastic contained in the plastic composition is polylactic acid, and the plasticizer contained in the plastic composition is the amide ester compound, wherein the details of the amide ester compound are shown in Table 3A, and will not be described herein. Please refer to Table 10, which shows the components and the contents of the plastic composition of the 6th example.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be noted that Tables show different data of the different embodiments; however, the data of the different embodiments are obtained from experiments. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The embodiments depicted above and the appended drawings are exemplary and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 111113899 | Apr 2022 | TW | national |
